For Revisions Original Bookbind 4 PDF

SMART FILTERING MASK FOR REDUCTION OF HAZARDOUS GAS INTAKE
WITH BUILT-IN INDICATOR DESIGNED FOR AIR MONITORING
A Design Project
Presented to
Faculty of the College of Engineering
University of Perpetual Help System Laguna
In Partial Fulfillment
Of the Requirements for the Degree
Bachelor of Science in Electronics Engineering
by:
ALCURAN, Berlly M.
BALTERO, Richel Mae N.
DELA CRUZ, Jay-ron D.
SEDANO, Ma. Zhaira Mae D.
Under the Supervision of

Engr. Kierven de Mesa
University of Perpetual Help System Laguna
March 2018
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Acknowledgement…………………………………………….…………………. i
Dedication…………………………………………….…………………………. ii
Abstract…………………………………………….…………………………… iii
CHAPTER 1 Problems and its settings
Introduction…………………………………………….………………… 1
Conceptual Model……………………...…………..……………………. 3
Operational model…………………………………...…………………… 4
Statement of the problem……………………………………...…….…… 5
Assumption of the Study………………………………….……………... 6
Scope and Delimitation………………………………………………….. 6
Significance of the Study…………………………………………..……. 7
Definition of Terms…………………………………………..………….. 7
CHAPTER 2 Review of related literature
State of the Art……………………………………………………….……..…….. 9
Synthesis of the State of the Art………………………………………….……… 20
Gaps Bridged by the Present Study………………………………………….……20
CHAPTER 3 Research design and methodology
Research Design………………………………………………… 22
Sources of Data………………………………………………….. 23
Population of the Study………………………………………….. 24
Instrumentation and Validation………………………...……….. 24
Data Collection Method…………………………………………. 25
Prototyping Model………………………………………..…….. 28
Statistical Treatment of Data………………………………..….. 28
Analytical Tools……………………………………………..…. 29
Schematic Diagram…………………………………………...….30
Flow Chart……………………………………………………….. 31
Methods………………………………………………………….. 32
Software Development………………………………………….. 39
CHAPTER 4 Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation of Data
System Development…………………………………………...41
Structural Design……………………………………………….41
Hardware Design………………………………...……………. 43
Software Design……………………………………………….. 50
Implementation………………………………………………….. 53
Experimental Results……………………………………………. 55
Interpretation of Data Presented…………………………………. 57
Evaluation………………………………………………………... 66
Technical Study…………………………………………….…... 66
Operational Study……………………………………..………… 69
Economical Study………………………………………..……… 82
CHAPTER 5 Summary of Findings, Conclusion and Recommendations
Summary of Findings…………………………………………….. 84
Conclusion…………………………………………………….…. 86
Recommendations……………………………………………...… 87
REFERENCES…………………………………………………………..……...89
APPENDICES
A (Project Gantt Chart) …………………………………………………………..96
B (Endorsement Letter) …………………………………………………….........98
C (Survey Questionnaire) …………………………………………………..….103
D (Interview)………………………………………………………………..….105
E (List of Materials and Costing) …………………………………………..…111
F (Program Code) ……………………………………………………..……....113
G (Circuit Connection) ……………………….…... …………………...…….124
H (Specification Sheet) …………………………………………………….....126
I (Editor’s Certification) ……………………………………………………...174

J (Curriculum Vitae) …………………………………………………….........176
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1 Conceptual Model
Figure 2 Operational Model
Figure 3 Prototyping Model
Figure 4 Block Diagram of the System
Figure 5 Schematic Diagram of the System
Figure 6 Flowchart of the System
Figure 7 MQ-135 Gas Sensor
Figure 10 Microcontroller
Figure 11 Filter
Figure 12 3.7V Lithium Battery
Figure 13 T7024
Figure 14 LED
Figure 15 Servo Motor
Figure 16 Voltage Regulator
Figure 17 Arduino CC
Figure 18 MIT App Inventor 2
Figure 19 Reusable Respirator
Figure 20 6001CN Gas Cartridge
Figure 21 Hardware Design (1)
Figure 22 Filter Layers
Figure 26 Arduino Nano
Figure 27 LED Indicator

Figure 31 Schematic Diagram (1)
Figure 32 Schematic Diagram (2)
Figure 33 Sample Monitoring Display on Android Phone
Figure 34 App Installation
Figure 35 Connection of Bluetooth Device
Figure 36 Mask Design
Figure 37 Testing of Monitored Gas
Figure 38 Actual Testing
Figure 39 Mask (Outside)
Figure 40 Mask (Inside)
Figure 41 Wearable Mask (1)
Figure 42 Wearable Mask (2)
Figure 43 Algorithm of the Mask’s Automatic Activation

Figure 44 Operation of Servo Motor (1)
Figure 45 Operation of Servo Motor (2)
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1 Guidelines in Interpretation of Coefficients of Stability
Table 2 Working Environment Management Threshold Limit Values for Airborne
Contaminants
Table 3 Tolerable Amounts of Gases Based on Experimental Tests
Table 4 Reliability of Monitoring of the Mask Validated through Standard Testing
Table 5 Arduino Nano
Table 6 Bluetooth Module
Table 7 MQ-5 GAS SENSOR
Table 9 MQ-135
Table 10 SG90 Servo
Table 11 Filter Cartridge

Table 12 Battery Lithium Ion Polymer 3.7v 1200mAh
Table 13 Bill of Materials

i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The researchers would like to extend their gratitude with boundless love and
appreciation to the following people that helped to comply with the undergraduate thesis
entitled “SMART FILTERING MASK FOR REDUCTION OF HAZARDOUS GAS
INTAKE WITH BUILT-IN INDICATOR DESIGNED FOR AIR MONITORING”.
To the Dean of College of Engineering and Aviation, Dr. Flocerfida L. Amaya for
her guidance throughout the study from the beginning till the end, for her profound
knowledge that she shared in every aspect of the study and for her favorable response to
the study; To their adviser, Engr. Kierven R. De Mesa for his expertise, techniques,
acquaintances and ample time that he spent for the study to be successful. To the Panelists
that enlightened the researchers to the right path through their comments, suggestions and
critiques. To the Parents of the researchers, Mr. and Mrs. Roberto C. Alcuran , Mr. and
Mrs. Richard B. Baltero, Mr. and Mrs. Arlan D. Dela Cruz, Mr. and Mrs. Rogel S. Sedano,
truly the researchers will thank God for their existence for without their outmost support
and love physically, emotionally and financially the design project would not come to
reality.
The Researchers
ii
DEDICATION
The researchers would like to dedicate this to God Almighty for giving them
everything they need including their knowledge as well as all the blessings He provided
and for the guidance and protection all throughout this journey and the chance to be
educated, all praise and Glory to His name. To the Parents that support and give their
endless love to their children in every aspect they need, for being there through good and
bad times. Lastly, the researchers dedicate this to their dream for being Electronics
Engineering Graduates and Registered Electronics Engineers.
B.M.A
R.M.N.B
J.D.DC
M.Z.M.D.S
iii
ABSTRACT
Thesis Title: SMART FILTERING MASK FOR REDUCTION OF

HAZARDOUS GAS INTAKE WITH BUILT-IN
INDICATOR DESIGNED FOR AIR MONITORING
Authors: Alcuran, Berlly M.

Baltero, Richel Mae N.
Dela Cruz, Jay-Ron D.
Sedano, Ma. Zhaira Mae D.
Degree: Bachelor of Science in Electronics Engineering
Academic Year: 2017 - 2018
School: University of Perpetual Help System Laguna
Number of Pages: 76
Increasing air pollution and inhaling the contaminated air greatly affects the
immune system of a person. Mask was made for soldiers in war back in the old times, but
in the present time, it is one of the common safety equipment used as a daily protection
from pollution. This brought an idea to the researchers that a simple mask can be developed
to have an indicator for real time air condition monitoring. It is dangerous for a worker to
do his job in a suffocating area. In using the mask with monitoring, the user does not need
to have a complicated skill to know if the place is safe or not. The system implemented a
circuitry that displays the filtered air that will be inhaled by the user and LED indicators to
activate the filter without human interaction.
Keywords: Mask, Air Pollution, Filter
Chapter I
THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING
Introduction
According to Admassu (2010), air is essential in life, without it people will survive just
a couple of minutes. It is a combination of different gases like nitrogen, oxygen and carbon
dioxide, and others in follows; alongside water vapor as perceptible as humidity and
suspended solids in particulate form, but now, due to human activities and some natural
phenomena, the atmosphere is contaminated with certain substances present in the
atmosphere in such concentrations which could produce unwanted effects on man and his
environment.
Kumar (2017) stated that air pollution is a growing threat to the human health and the
natural environment and creates a lot of issues to worry about, this includes the fact that it
affects every one of us and can cause health problems such as lung and heart disease and
may even lead to death. As stated by Scott (2017), the air pollution is an even greater threat
than Ebola and HIV. According to recent international reports, one in four deaths among
children aged under five were now due to environmental hazards such as air pollution and
contaminated water.
2
In the Philippines, Metro Manila is now one of the most polluted metropolitan cities in
the world. Studies conducted by the Department of Health together with the World Health
Organization have shown that the air people breathe in Metro Manila contains pollutants
in excessive amounts which is already above the tolerable level and similar to other
countries, the primary victims of the effects were children according to Roces (2010). The
Earth times (2011) stated that air pollution kills 6.5 million people yearly throughout the
world and locally, 90,000 Filipinos suffer from severe chronic bronchitis, costing the
government 7 percent of its gross domestic product in terms of health costs.
Due to this pollution, Mask will be a great help in minimizing the said negative health
effects caused by the unsafe gases as well as the prevention of the spreading of infection
or germs. Face Masks also performs basic filtering of dust particles in the air, on the other
hand, gas masks which covers the nose and mouth protects the user from inhaling toxic
gases. According to the National Geographic (2013), gas masks filter the air using different
methods such as the particle filter in removing the bacteria present in the inhaled air,
another is the process of adsorption which is trapping the particles with the use of solid or
a liquid element and the method is with the use of activated charcoal or oxidized charcoal.
Measures can be made using the technology to lessen the effects that air pollution
causes to human health. For this reason, the research team created a prototype of a face
mask which will alert the user to put the mask on if the air is above the tolerable level and
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to take it off when the air is fine. The alert will be from the mask itself where a built-in
indicator will be used. Aside from alerting the user, a real-time monitoring of the air and
its contents like the Carbon Dioxide (CO2), Carbon Monoxide (CO), Sulfur dioxide (SO2),
Ammonia and Butane will be provided to show whether the gases and matters present in
the air is above the tolerable or normal level. The mask will also filter the particles in the
air including chemicals like the Sulfur Dioxide, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Monoxide,
Butane and Ammonia to make the air safer to inhale.
The researchers aimed at lessening the negative effects of the hazardous gases to human
health such as respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. One of the most common ailments
caused by the filthy air we breathe is asthma. The said ailment’s occurrence will most likely
be lessened by using the smart mask because the particles and chemicals present in the air
which cause negative health effects will be filtered to make it safe to inhale.
4
Conceptual Model
Figure 1 Conceptual Model
The figure shown was the concept behind the study. Air filter was used to reduce
the harmful particles and gases present in the environment which was unseen by human
eye. A standard particle filter was not ideal due to its effectiveness in removing the
hazardous particles. Air filter could be a filter for solids or filter for gaseous particles. For
the solid particles, the contaminants were removed as they contact with the fibers in the
filter. Adsorption was used in filtering gaseous particles by using activated carbon. The
filter grade, size of the particle, and the design of the filter were the factors that determined
the level of efficiency of the filter.

5
Operational Model
Dependent Variable
Independent Variable
Intervening Variable
Figure 2 Operational Model
The figure shown above was about how the variables relates with each other. The
alert to be displayed will depend on the amount of the gases present in the air which is
currently in particles per million (PPM) in Philippines. The researchers introduced a way
of minimizing the amount of toxic gases from the air intake and provided an alert for the
user through the intervening variables of filter for the air intake and microcontroller and
sensors for the alert in the interface. The output was dependent to the input in order to
activate an alert and filter the air intake while the monitoring process was ongoing.
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Statement of the Problem
The main problem of the study was that air pollutants can cause health problem and
mask can be bothering to the user. The objective of the researchers was to create an
automatic assembly mask as it detects any presence of hazardous gas. More specifically,
the aim of the study was to answer the following sub-problems:
1. What is the design of the wearable mask to protect the person against air
pollutant?
2. What is the algorithm that will decide the condition of the air to activate the
wearable mask automatically?
3. What is the reliability of the system in terms of detecting gases for the accuracy
of its monitoring?
Assumption of the Study
Face masks are being used to avoid dust particles and as a protection against smoke
that is a part of every day’s life but on the other hand it does not reduce any of the harmful
gases that can be inhaled and may eventually lead to health problems in the future.
Monitoring of the said hazardous gases was helpful when it comes to managing the do’s
and the don’ts of a particular activity, but this does not help in controlling the effect that
the specific hazardous gas may bring on the whole population.

7
Scope and Delimitation
The main focus of the study was a production of a mask that can monitor few of
the common gases present in the air like Carbon Dioxide (CO2), Carbon Monoxide (CO),
Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Ammonia and Butane using sensors that were connected to a
microcontroller that contained the parameters of the said elements. The parameters were
set of ranges that determined whether each element was above the normal level of the
concentration that should be present in the air. The set of ranges came from reliable data
indicating the tolerable level of intake of the target gases. The mask also contains filters
for particulate matters and the gases specified for the reduction of the intolerable amount
of gases to prevent the effects to human health. The one limit to this study was that it only
reduced the amount of gases intake to its tolerable range. Other type of gases that were not
mentioned above was not part of the said study. The mask had its own indicator to prompt
the user to use the mask.
Significance of the Study
A Face Mask was a protective covering for the face of a user. The main idea of
Smart Mask was to monitor the harmful contents in the air that the user will be inhaling in
a real-time process and reduce the effect of the unsafe gases through filtering. Users who
will benefit from this study will be the daily commuters, active workers, researchers and
future researchers. Daily commuters will benefit from this study by using the end product
which will protect them from the dangerous gases present in the environment and for the
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active workers, they will be able to benefit by using it as they work especially in plants or
enclosed areas exposed to hazardous gases. The researchers applied their knowledge from
the theories and applications in the fields of Chemistry, Feedback and Control System,
Microprocessor Systems and Environmental Engineering. The future researchers will be
able to use this study as their reference in the modification of the present study for
upcoming researches.
Definition of Terms
These terms were used in an operational way of their definitions and are as follows:
Air Pollution. This is the contamination of the air by noxious gases and minute
particles of solid and liquid matter in concentrations that endanger health. The major
sources of air pollution are transportation engines, power and heat generation, industrial
processes, and the burning of solid waste.
Hazardous Gases. This refers to gases that can be potential harmful to humans in
certain concentrations such as Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide, Sulfur Dioxide, Butane
and Ammonia.
Filtering. An analogous device used for removing dust from air or impurities from
tobacco smoke, or for eliminating certain kinds of light rays Filtering.
Mask. A device covering the mouth and nose to facilitate inhalation Mask.
9
Graphical User Interface. A user interface in which program features are
represented by icons that the user can access and manipulate with a pointing device.
Abbreviated GUI. Graphical User Interface.
Real-time Monitoring. A technique that allows you to determine the current state
of queues and channels within a queue manager. The information returned is accurate at
the moment the command was issued.
Smart Mask. A mask which is, generally connected to other devices or networks
via different wireless protocols such as Bluetooth, NFC, Wi-Fi, 3G, that can operate to
some extent interactively and autonomously.

Chapter 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This section presents data accumulated from books, previous researches examined,
contextual analyses and journals with respect to process combination about mask that have
a monitoring and filtration function that gave foundation and learning to the investigations
to work on this project.
State of the Art
The literature and studies were found to have a bearing on the present investigation.
They serve as bases for the conceptualization of the investigations, research problem,
design and methodology.
Air Pollution
According to Wooford (2017), Air Pollution is a mixture of solid particles and gases
in the air, the level of concentration of gases present in air is determined by the difference
between tolerable air and polluted air that may lead to serious disease. Abused use of air
leads to danger and the reason behind why air pollution increased. Salleh (2014). As
population of the world increased, carbon dioxide that is produced when people and
animals breathe raises earth’s temperature and worsens the heat. Smog formed from the
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fog and smoke from vehicles that burns fuels. The warmer the weather, the more ultraviolet
radiation occurs, and that greatly affects human health Mackenzie (2016).
Health Problem
According to Moshammer (2010), many different sources of air pollution have been
the causes of adverse health effects that leads to death. Additionally, the influence of air
pollution on respiratory health during perinatal development can cause a damage up to the
growth stages. Pinkerton and Joad (2006), air pollutants may also change the normal
developmental pattern for metabolic system, immune system and neurological functions
that are constantly changing during postnatal growth.
According to Geneva (2017), children exposed to second hand smoking causes
malnutrition and by this the children experienced low proficiency that caused weakness of
immune system that use to fight other diseases. According to Ansareh (2015), people
believed that because of the different outdoor pollution from vehicles and other industries,
who also have a large impact of mortality rate, it triggers the fact that they are intaking it
without any safety protection, Air pollution and chronic particles that present in the air due
to contaminants is the risk in developing cardiovascular diseases and lung cancer in adults
as stated by WHO (World Health Organization).

12
Bierwirth (2017) cited that exposure to above normal levels of CO2 caused
problems with concentration, an increased heart rate, breathing issues, headaches and
dizziness. CO2 poisoning have been linked to central nervous system damage and
permanent deterioration of respiratory functions, because of these findings, it is considered
as acute systemic effects as well.
Chen (2007) cited that high-intensity, confined space exposure to SO2 caused
catastrophic injury to humans including death, and contribute to respiratory symptoms in
both healthy patients and those with underlying pulmonary disease.
Monitoring of Hazardous Gases
Wang and Zhao (2015) said that major threat in our surroundings is releasing of
hazardous materials. Participatory Hygiene and Sanitation Transformation (PHAST), is an
innovative approach to promoting hygiene, sanitation and community management of
water and sanitation facilities and Flame Acceleration Simulator (FLACS) is software used
extensively for explosion modeling and atmospheric dispersion modeling within the field
of industrial safety and risk assessment, Current gas dispersion models like PHACS and
FLACS use release velocity, release elevation, meteorological parameters, and other
related information as model input on monitoring such air visible to the atmosphere.
13
Choi and Kim (2009) stated that usage of Micro sensors can contribute a lot in the
community, with the increasing of pollution in the city, micro sensors can perform
intelligent environment monitoring. Sensors will tell if the air is already contaminated and
have high concentration that can affect human health, thus giving warning and at the same
time, it allows the people to create a solution to the problem.
Once the Gas Sensors triggers, the red LED indicates the level of concentration that
is dangerous to health, then it will trigger the alarm system to warn the owner or user with
the help of control system. This system was conducted to prevent major accidents that can
cause deaths. In his study, Hamdon (2012) said that once the Gas Sensors triggers, it serves
to alert the user that the level of gas increase and becomes a threat to human health. This
system was conducted to prevent major accidents that can cause deaths.
For SO2 monitoring, Kern, et. al (2015) said that SO2 camera systems rapid two-
dimensional imaging for SO2 emitted from volcanic vents. Real Time Monitoring Systems
give you the power to see the information you need to know about your environment live
and on demand the development of an SO2 camera system for continuous gas monitoring.
And lastly, Budilovsky and Alipour (2016) showed that these monitoring could be
applied in lung cancer patients. The study proposed the use of mask that can monitor the
breathing of the patient, having an advantage of it can give data for the evaluation of the
14
doctor while the patient do not require to go to hospital for his convenient and due to
expensive cost of test/exercise.
Hazardous Gas
According to Sherrard (2017) earth's air is a dynamic arrangement of characteristic
gases that are important to maintain life, and keeping in mind that the planet has guard
instruments to retain little amounts of air poisons, abnormal amounts of gases can cause
ozone exhaustion and different issues for living beings. The fundamental wellsprings of
vaporous air poisons are fuel ignition in stationary sources, for example, coal-consuming
force plants, and also emanations from autos. While these gases are by all account not the
only ones adding to air contamination, they are viewed as predominant wellsprings of this
overall issue.
Butane, according to THC Farmers (2010), is a profoundly combustible, boring,
unscented gas. Butane is a hydrocarbon, found in the house and mechanical items and is
possibly intoxicating if intentionally breathed in. It is normally abused by being breathed
in directly through the mouth either from cigarette lighter refills, canisters or vaporized
showers. It is a focal sensory system depressant which backs off the movement of the
cerebrum, influencing physical and mental reactions. At the point when butane is breathed
in the vapor are assimilated quickly through the lungs into the circulatory system. The
chemicals are dissolvable in muscle versus fat and pass quickly to the mind and organs, so
15
they produce results rapidly. In spite of the fact that the underlying high will last just a
couple of minutes, the impacts can proceed for up to 40 minutes. Clients may keep up the
high by proceeding to breathe in the exhaust. The acute effects of inhalants include
dizziness, hypertension (increased blood pressure), tachycardia (increased heart rate),
impaired coordination, disorientation, temporal distortion, confusion, thick slurred speech,
delirium, hallucinations, assaults and suicide attempts. Depending upon the inhalant,
recovery may take minutes to hours or may not occur at all.
Another pollutant associated with climate change is sulfur dioxide. Sulfur
dioxide and closely related chemicals are known primarily as a cause of acid rain as
stated by the National Geographic (2016). Volcanic eruptions can spew massive
amounts of sulfur dioxide into the atmosphere, sometimes causing cooling that lasts for
years. In fact, volcanoes used to be the main source of atmospheric sulfur dioxide; today
people are.
Carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas, is the main pollutant that is warming Earth.
Though living things emit carbon dioxide when they breathe, carbon dioxide is widely
considered to be a pollutant when associated with cars, planes, power plants, and other
human activities that involve the burning of fossil fuels such as gasoline and natural gas.
(National Geographic, 2016)

16
Ran and Nurmagambetov (2017) stated that CO Poisoning causes economic burden
in the U.S. and by installing detectors at home to prevent CO poisoning, since total annual
medical cost is higher than can the cost of installation. Public health programs could use
these findings to promote broad installation of CO detectors in homes.
According to ToxFAQs for Ammonia (2010) ammonia is found all through nature
noticeable all around, soil, and water, and in plants and creatures including people.
Introduction to elevated amounts of ammonia can cause aggravation and genuine serious
burn on the skin and in the mouth, throat, lungs, and eyes. At abnormal states, ammonia
can cause death. Ammonia has been found in no less than 137 of the 1,647 present or
previous National Priority Sites list recognized by the Environmental Protection Agency.
In addition to this Inhalation of ammonia may cause nasopharyngeal and tracheal burns,
bronchiolar and alveolar edema, and airway destruction resulting in respiratory distress or
failure. Ammonia's odor threshold is sufficiently low to acutely provide adequate warning
of its presence (odor threshold = 5 ppm; OSHA PEL = 50 ppm). However, ammonia causes
olfactory fatigue or adaptation, making its presence difficult to detect when exposure is
prolonged. Anhydrous ammonia is lighter than air and will therefore rise (will not settle in
low-lying areas); however, vapors from liquefied gas are initially heavier than air and may
spread along the ground. Asphyxiation may occur in poorly ventilated or enclosed.
17
Filter
According to Heding (2017), poor air quality causes medical issues worldwide and
is a factor in ailments, for example, asthma, coronary illness and lung growth. Business air
purifiers go for evacuating the little particles that are available in residue, smoke or auto
fumes in light of the fact that these harming particles are breathed in straightforwardly into
the lungs. Common filtering tools, which are generally made of micron-sized strands of
manufactured plastics, physically channel the little particles however aren't ready to
artificially catch vaporous atoms. Besides, they are regularly made of glass and oil based
goods, which prompts optional contamination, Zhong said.
Active carbons are made specifically frame as powders or fine granules under 1.0
mm in measure with a normal distance across in the vicinity of .15 and .25 mm. In this
manner, they show an expansive surface-to-volume proportion with a little dispersion
separate. PAC is comprised of pounded or ground carbon particles, 95– 100 percent of
which will go through an assigned work sifter or strainer. Actuated carbon is a
carbonaceous, profoundly permeable adsorptive medium that has an unpredictable
structure made principally out of carbon iotas. Focal points of powdered initiated carbons
are their lower preparing costs and their adaptability in activity. The measurement of
powdered initiated carbon can be effectively expanded or diminished as process conditions
change. Powdered initiated carbons are basically utilized for fluid stage adsorption.
18
Hu (2016) said that Carbon dioxide in an indoor situation is one of the air
contaminations checked by the Indoor Air Quality Ordinance of Taiwan. It is important for
individuals and the aerating and cooling industry to take fitting measures to limit the
discharge and anticipate making an unsuitable indoor air quality (IAQ). This investigation
introduces the execution of sorption-sort air channels to help individuals and the aerating
and cooling industry to comprehend and apply the best down to earth control to keep CO2
discharges from causing IAQ issues. The adsorption of CO2 with a sorption-sort channel
with enacted carbon previously, then after the fact impregnating treatment has been
examined. It has been discovered that impregnation treatment with MgO and CaO can
advance the adsorption of CO2 on a sorption-sort channel, with MgO being the better of
the two.
Then according to Sublett (2011), air filtration is often suggested as a part of
ecological control measures for patients with hypersensitive respiratory malady. Private air
filtration can be given by entire house filtration through the home's warming, ventilation,
or aerating and cooling framework, by versatile room air cleaners, or a mix of the two.
Apparatuses to channel the rest breathing zone additionally have been created. High-
productivity entire house filtration, high-proficiency particulate air rest zone air filtration,
and high-effectiveness particulate air room air cleaners all seem to give different degrees
of advantage. Late investigations of different sorts of filtration, utilized alone or as a feature
of more thorough ecological control measures, are assessed

19
According to Yang (2014) air filter is the critical piece of aerate and cool
frameworks for the fast railroads, which immediately affects the air quality. Form is
utilized for the development of air filter with the relating surface shape. To show the
practical usability a flow sensor based on spatial filtering is built up and tested in gravity-
fed particle flow setup.
And lastly, Cahella (2014) stated that they utilized a U.S.A. military respirator test
with dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) to contrast a business gas mask canister with
composite bed designs. These correlations were led at a consistent volume of 320 cm3,
equivalent to the aggregate volume of the adsorbent and HEPA components in a business
gas veil canister, and fifty percent improvement in execution rating was tentatively
demonstrated In a moment examination, a 3-overlay increment in gas life of a commercial
canister with a 1.5 cm profound bed of actuated carbon was experimentally demonstrated
by adding a reinforcement layer to a completely bundled commercial canister. A condition
depicting irreversible physical adsorption occurring in a two-layer informal lodging
iterative reverse arrangement is presented for plan of composite beds using cleaning
sorbents. A general adsorption rate consistent model is displayed to predict adsorbent bed
execution. As for the most part appropriate hub dispersion model was created for
application to adsorbents upgraded by sinteredmicrofibrous systems.

20
Mask is made to protect the wearer to inhale hazardous gas that might affect internal
organs and cause abnormalities, according to Jacoby (2014), MOFs are considered a
candidate filter material because, in principle, it is possible to build desired sorption
properties into crystal by pairing a select metal and organic building block. Modifying the
mask will evaluate the effects of functionalization on gas uptake.
Reliability Equation
According to Hobbs (2015), any data provided without good reliability is hard to
trust if it gives a precise representation of the performance of a participant in testing
sessions like environmental, psychological or methodological processes. The test retest
reliability was being used in analyzation of experiments conducted with the same
population or samples with in different occasion or time. The closer the values gathered
are, means the test measure is more reliable. A coefficient correlation of 0 means the
samples are completely unrelated with each other while a coefficient correlation of 1 means
there was no error.
𝑁Σ𝑋𝑌 − (Σ𝑋)(Σ𝑌)
𝑟=
√[𝑁Σ𝑋 2 − (Σ𝑋)2 ][𝑁Σ𝑌 2 − (Σ𝑌)2 ]
21
Table 1. Guidelines in Interpretation of Coefficients of Stability
0.9 and Greater Excellent Reliability
Between 0.9 and 0.8 Good Reliability
Between 0.8 and 0.7 Acceptable Reliability
Between 0.7 and 0.6 Questionable Reliability
Between 0.6 and 0.5 Poor Reliability
Less than 0.5 Unacceptable Reliability
Synthesis of the State of the Art
Researchers like Salleh (2014), Luo, & Bai (2016) applied mask to filtrate dust
particles and specific hazardous gas that was used in World War II but due to its bulkiness,
the size should be taken into consideration, as well as its efficiency in monitoring gases.
Past studies focus on the application in the environment and scientific approach. According
to the Salleh (2014), a gas mask or dust mask was a device designed to protect the wearer
from inhaling noxious vapors, dust and other pollutants, can be outfitted with a filter to
screen out harmful contaminants. It was often used in Mining Company and in war back
in the old times.
As a modified tool, a mask can be used by people, especially if they were engaging
activities in an open area and those places who were in an indoor environment, to be able
22
to feel safe in terms of their health. There was no need for them to care about the size of
the improve tool and the convenience it can bring. The mask itself displayed the output of
the real-time air condition monitoring of the hazardous gases through a built-in indicator
and triggered the filters whenever needed.
Gaps Bridged by the Present Study
From the above review of related literature and studies, the researchers discovered
some gaps. First, there were no studies yet that can monitor different hazardous gases
including Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Carbon Dioxide (CO2) and Carbon Monoxide (CO),
Ammonia and Butane. Second, there were no studies yet that uses the mask itself in
initiating a prompt and alert the user whenever there was intolerable amount of hazardous
gas and display a monitored value of the level of the five stated gases present in the air.
Lastly, there were no studies yet that modify a mask and put in different kinds of filter
namely dust particle filter and gas filter with the use of activated carbon that automatically
triggered whenever needed. The activated carbon or charcoal is a medium which adsorbs
and removes the impurities from gases and liquid formed hazards through adsorption which
is the advantage of this type of filter in terms of performance. In view of the identified
gaps, the present study considered the efficiency of the monitoring of the hazardous gases
indicated.
Chapter 3
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY
This chapter deals with the methods used in the study, the population that it
covered, the selection of samples, the proper validation and development of the tools and
the techniques the researchers used to evaluate the data gathered.
Research Design
A research design commonly includes how information are gathered, what
instruments are utilized are how the instrument is used for further analysis of the data which
are collected. In this investigation, the researchers used a descriptive method in which
questionnaires were given and interviews conducted in the target population for the
investigation. This helped modify the study using the data gathered.
Sources of Data
Survey Questionnaire
This study created questions for the active workers who worked inside a
company with hazardous gas present in the area who use present filtering tools in
their work. The objective of the questionnaire was to gain quantitative data about
how the condition of the worker’s health and the effect of health risk area using the
24
company provided mask and how efficient the present tools were. The
questionnaire was a closed ended type.
Interviews
Interview was conducted with the Work Environment Monitoring and
Indoor Air Quality Manager (WEM/IAQ), Engr. Ramil G. Peralta, for the details
regarding pollution control and environment management of LIIPAI, they were
also the one who was responsible for the industrial process and hazardous waste
testing, natural and inorganic assessment of tests in water, air, gas, soil, organic
tissue and all other air outflows of production companies in the said place. He also
helped the researchers to understand the conceivable unsafe gases present in the air.
Meanwhile, a respiratory therapist who gave the important information regarding
the impacts of inhaling the unsafe gases in the industrial company was also
consulted.
Population of the Study
The target population for this research included the thirty (30) active workers
through purposive sampling in Laguna International Industrial Park (LIIP) Food
Processing who were affected by the hazardous gases during their work hours. In this
research, the accessible population comprised one Laboratory Engineer and one
25
Respiratory Therapist so that the researchers know what the effect of the hazardous gases
in human health was.
Instrumentation and Validation
The researchers personally asked went to Laguna International Industrial Park
Association Inc. (LIIPAI) and formally informed them and asked for their permission for
the interview and surveys that were conducted within their area. These were the following
research instruments that were used in obtaining the data:
Interview was given to the WEM/IAQ Engineer of the CRL Environmental
Corporation if there were present tools used by the workers to prevent the intake of
hazardous gases. The CRL Environmental Corporation was the one responsible for
LIIPAI’s industrial process and hazardous waste testing, organic and inorganic evaluation
of samples in water, air, gas, soil, biological tissue and all other air emissions of production
companies in the said place to be able to know what were the possible hazardous gases
present in the atmosphere. A respiratory therapist, an expert who was trained in pulmonary
medicine that work therapeutically with people suffering from pulmonary diseases was
consulted to know the effects of the hazardous gases present in the industrial parks.
26
Survey questionnaires were given to the active workers who use the present
filtering tools in their work field in order to gather information on how efficient the present
tools were.
Data Collection Method
The data were gathered using face-to-face interview on individuals including a
person working under CRL Environmental Corporation and an expert in respiratory
system. Questionnaires were provided for the active workers to answer whether the use of
face mask effectively reduces the risk of health hazards based on their experiences. The
interview was unstructured type, list of questions regarding the issues that the research
team would like to discuss was prepared preceding the interview. Probing questions were
also added for clarifications and discussion of more important details. Ahead of the
interview, a letter was sent to Laguna International Industrial Park Association Inc.
(LIIPAI) to inform them and ask for their permission to conduct an interview and survey
within their workplace.

27
Table 2. Working Environment Management Threshold Limit Values for Airborne
Contaminants
Pollution ppm*
Sulfur Dioxide 5
Carbon Dioxide 5000
Carbon Monoxide 50
Ammonia 50
Butane 200
The table shown above is the standard set by the Department of Labor and
Employment on the Occupational Safety and Health Standards (OSHS). These standards
are the only tolerable amount of hazardous gases that a worker can inhale in his working
area. The specified amount of the gases is the basis in setting the range of the output to
indicate the concentration of the gas present in the air. Any intake above the standard level
or the guidelines might severely affect a person’s health.

28
Table 3. Tolerable Amounts of Gases Based on Experimental Tests
SENSOR Detection Gas Concentration
Ammonia 30-50 ppm
MQ-135 Sulfide 10-20ppm
Carbon Dioxide 400 ppm
LPG 1000 ppm

MQ-5
Natural Gas 100 ppm
Carbon Monoxide 50 ppm

MQ-9
Combustible Gas 300 ppm
These are the values in ppm which indicates the ppm in normal range within the
capability of the persons handling gathered through experimental tests in the laboratories.
This stated the tolerable amount of gases that a person could be exposed within 10 min- 2
hours and distinct the health of the person handling the said chemicals. The given values
for the gases could already give or show some slight irritation to a person if exposed within
29
10 minutes and above. References were books, articles and journals that deal with
laboratory that test hazardous gases.
Prototyping Model
Figure 3. Prototyping Model
The figure shown was the Prototyping Model of the proposed system describes the
process of creating the prototype which was started from the gathering of the requirements
needed followed by the quick design and building of the actual prototype. After building
the prototype, it was evaluated to know the improvements to be made by the researchers.
The engineered product was ready after making all the improvements or revisions in the
prototype which was the end of the prototyping method.
Statistical Treatment of Data
After gathering all the information needed from the interviews that were
conducted and questionnaires that were distributed, the researchers used the following
statistical methods in analyzing the data:

30
1. Weighted Mean was used in comparing the weights of the output for the proposed
system.
2. Percentage was used to measure the efficiency of the proposed system in terms of
its monitoring capability.
Analytical Tools
Block Diagram
Figure 4. Block Diagram of the System
The figure shown was the block diagram of the proposed system which illustrated
the arrangements of parts or process of the project. It started from the acquisition of the
target gases which passes through the filter. The collected data of the concentration of the
31
hazardous gases was the one triggering the built-in indicator on the mask, indicating
whether the air was hazardous or safe enough to breathe.
Schematic Diagram
Figure 5. Schematic Diagram of the System
The figure shown was the schematic diagram of the elements of the circuitry of the
proposed system. In the diagram, the microcontroller used was the Arduino Nano which
32
was connected to a module for the transmission of data that was gathered that triggers the
indicator of the mask.
Flow Chart
Figure 6. Flowchart of the System

33
The figure shown above was the algorithm or the workflow of the proposed system
from the start, the introduction of the gas to the end of the flow which was the filtering
process of the respective gases. After the data from the gases were gathered, the input was
processed in the microcontroller which analyses the data. If there was no presence of any
hazardous gas, the system searches continuously. If the sensors sense any hazardous gas,
there will be an indicator on the mask which tells the user that there were harmful gases in
the air. In the presence of hazardous gases, the filter then assembles automatically.
Methods to be used
Hardware Development
Hardware development used for the improvement of the designs of the
device were expected to be produced.
MQ-135 Air Quality Sensor Module
Figure 7. MQ-135 Gas Sensor

34
The hazardous gas sensor used was the MQ-135 Air Quality Sensor Module
which has a wide detecting scope, fast response and high sensitivity suitable for
real-time monitoring.
MQ-5 Gas Sensor
The MQ-5 Gas sensor was used for the detection of the presence of Sulfur
Dioxide as well as Butane in the air. The sensitivity if the sensor can be adjusted
with the use of potentiometer. The measurements gathered by the sensor can be
taken as soon as possible due to its fast response time and high sensitivity.
35
MQ-9 Gas Sensor
The MQ-9 gas sensor was used for the detection of the Carbon Monoxide
and Liquid gas concentration in the air. The conductivity of the sensor gets higher
alongside with the gas concentration rising.
Arduino Nano
Figure 10. Microcontroller

36
Arduino Nano was the microcontroller used which was small and complete.
It was based on ATmega328 microcontroller. The connectivity and specifications
that the Arduino Nano offers was the same as the UNO board but was just in a
smaller form.
Filter
Figure 11. Filter
The filter reduces the amount of the hazardous gas intake by minimizing the
concentrations after the filtering process. The filter contains carbonated charcoal
for the adsorption of chemicals in the air.

37
Battery
Figure 12. 3.7V Lithium Battery
Lithium polymer battery was a rechargeable battery of lithium-ion
technology using a polymer electrolyte instead of a liquid one. High conductivity
semisolid polymers form this electrolyte. It can provide higher specific energy than
other battery types. It was used in applications where weight was a great factor.
T7024 Bluetooth Module
Figure 13. T7024

38
The T7024 was a monolithic transmit/receive IC which was especially
designed for systems like Bluetooth. Due to its ramp-control feature and a very
low quiescent current, an external switch transistor for Vs was not required.
Light Emitting Diode (LED)
Figure 14. LED
The yellow and red LEDs were used as indicators whenever there was a
presence of any the hazardous gases covered in the study. The indicators would
light up first before the filters move to its place.
Servo Motor
Figure 15. Servo Motor

39
Servo Motor controlled the movement of the filters whether it was activated
or not. It was able to control the position of the objects in angular term as well as
its acceleration and velocity. It was precise and small in size which makes it
possible to use in many applications.
Step Down DC-DC Voltage Regulator
Figure 16. Voltage Regulator
Voltage regulators were devices that sustain the voltage given by the power
source within the limit that the given device accepts. Step down dc to dc regulator
is an example which is very efficient in regulating voltages. It reduced losses and
improved efficiency by actively operating only two of the four switches. The
regulator was used to supply enough power to the mask from the battery, if the
supply from the battery drops from 5 volts to nearly 4 volts, it would still be able
to supply 5 volts to the prototype.

40
Software Development
Arduino CC
Figure 17. Arduino CC
Arduino was easy to use hardware and software due to its open-source
electronics platform. It was used to write and upload computer code to the physical
board.
MIT App Inventor 2
Figure 18. MIT App Inventor 2

41
The App inventor which was created by Google was an open-source web
application for android phones. The Massachusetts Institute of Technology or MIT took
charge in maintaining the application. It was user-friendly because it lets new users to
create a program for Android operating system.

Chapter 4
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
This chapter covers the essential ideas which identify the outline of the design and
the different concepts applied and connected to it. It includes a few sorts of literature that
upheld the possibility of this exploration. Additionally, this section outlines distinctive
factors that were utilized as a part of the study.
System Development
Structural Design
The researchers’ main objective was the basis of the structural design of this study
which was to create a mask with built-in indicator that lights up if there was a presence of
any of the hazardous gases covered. It also has the feature of being able to assemble
automatically. Additionally, the mask reduces the concentration of the hazardous gases
upon detection of its presence in the air. The materials used were based on what met the
objectives of the researchers and at the same time were able to give out the best results
from the trials conducted. This design was composed of a reusable respirator.
43
Figure 19. Reusable Respirator
This half facepiece reusable type of respirator was with dual airline supply under
the product series of 6000. The material used was a Thermoplastic Elastomer or TPE which
was lightweight and can be used in wide variety of applications including construction,
manufacturing, mining, marine and even in transportation. It was where all other
components and parts was connected.
Figure 20. 6001CN Gas Cartridge

44
The 6001CN series of gas cartridge was the main filter for the hazardous gases
covered in this study. This type of cartridge can be used for up to 10x more the permissible
exposure limit to gases and at the same time provides protection in a variety of
environments. Its length was 4.2 and height was 3.4 both in inches.
Hardware Design
The hardware design of this study was made of an Arduino Nano Microcontroller
which was the main controller of all other devices and performs all the logical operations
of the system. It was used to control the hazardous gas sensors specifically for Carbon
Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide, Sulfur Dioxide, Ammonia and Butane, the gases covered in
this study. The battery was also connected to the microcontroller for the working time of
the device as well as the Bluetooth module for the wireless real-time monitoring of the
hazardous gases and servo motors for it automatic assembly feature.
Figure 21. Hardware Design (1)

45
The circuit shown in figure 20 was responsible for the real-time monitoring of the
gases covered in the study. The sensors which was included in the circuit were MQ-5, MQ-
9 and MQ-135. The sensors used was 30 x 19 x 20 mm in size and has a detectable
concentration of up to 10,000 particles per million. Also, the Bluetooth module used for
the transmission of data was T7024.
Figure 22. Filter Layers
Figure 21 illustrated the layers of the filter present in the mask. The top most layer
was the top cover of the mask which supported the other parts of the filter, so it will not be
dislocated. Next was the pre-filter or the cotton followed by the activated carbon rocks
which filtered the hazardous gas present in the air lowering it to the acceptable level. Lastly
were the carbon cover and the net cover placed before the air channel.
46

47
Figure 26. Arduino Nano

48
Figure 27. LED Indicator
The LED was used as an indicator which lights up immediately as the sensors detect
any presence of hazardous gas in the working area or environment under the real-time
monitoring.

49

50
Schematic Diagram
Figure 31. Schematic Diagram (1)

51
Figure 32. Schematic Diagram (2)
Software Design
In designing process of the proposed design, the researchers used the Arduino CC
application under the C/C++ language. It was easy to use due to its open-source electronics
platform. Its purpose was to write and upload computer code to the physical board. The
program was a professional Integrated Development Environment (IDE) designed for
microcontroller modules like what was being used in this design, the Arduino Nano. The
microcontroller makes user work comfortably with its good performance including its
52
flexibility and its ideal size. An application in the android phone was also provided for the
real-time monitoring display of the gases.
Figure 33. Sample Monitoring Display on Android Phone
Figure 21 shows the sample display on the android phone of the real-time readings
of the CO, CO2, SO2, Ammonia and Butane present in the air. The android version that can
53
only be used to be compatible with the application was Kitkat and any above versions. The
application was made using MIT App Inventor 2.
Figure 34. App Installation

54
Figure 35. Connection of Bluetooth Device
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) App Inventor 2 was used in
programming the android application for the graphical user interface which displays the
monitored concentration of gases in the air.
Implementation
This section discussed about the overall system operation, the devices used during
the implementation and the input and output of the system.
The mask was comprised of different hazardous gas sensors and filters attached to
it, and a Nano Micro Controller which was responsible for all the functions to have a
successful output.
Figure 36. Mask Design

55
There were hazardous gas sensors that was used, the sensors could detect gases
namely Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide, Sulfur Dioxide, Ammonia, and Butane. The
assigned value determines what type of gas was present in the air. Filters were responsible
for the reduction of hazardous gas intake through the different type of mesh and organic
substances for the said filter. A rechargeable battery supplies the whole mask to work.
The mask operates through an automatic assemble which means when one of a
hazardous gas was detected above normal level by the functioning sensor there will be an
automatic indicator (LED) that will alert the user that the mask will now assemble. After
assembling the corresponding filter then activates as needed. Upon the process there was a
Bluetooth module connected on an android phone with a support application which was
responsible for real time monitoring of the said hazardous gas in Parts per Million (PPM)
unit, it also alerts the user via prompt a prompt from the said application
Figure 38. Actual Testing

56
Experimental Results
Table 4 Reliability of Monitoring of the Mask Validated through Standard Testing
Devices for Hazardous Gases
Test MONITORING ON MASK MONITORING FROM

FOR BUTANE LABORATORY
Ammonia
1 56 ppm 63 ppm
2 51 ppm 59 ppm
2 74 ppm 86 ppm
Butane
1 87 ppm 93 ppm
2 90 ppm 101 ppm
3 64 ppm 72 ppm
Carbon Dioxide
1 563 ppm 581 ppm
2 471 ppm 467 ppm
3 498 ppm 506 ppm
Carbon Monoxide
1 81 ppm 76 ppm
2 88 ppm 90 ppm
3 80 ppm 87 ppm
Sulfur Dioxide
1 27 ppm 32 ppm
2 41 ppm 39 ppm
3 24 ppm 28 ppm
57
The sensors on the mask were tested three times using the five different gases that
were covered in the study. The values were displayed on an android phone with the use of
an application. In order to verify whether the mask displays a reliable value, the researchers
conducted the tests with the help of Mach Union Laboratory located in Las Pinas City wich
specializes in water tests but also accommodates air quality analysis: stationary sources
and ambient air. The air quality was tested using the mask and the laboratory equipment at
the same time to show the how reliable the mask was in terms of its monitoring capability.
Interpretation of Data Presented
The results were interpreted based on the data gathered from the tests that the
researchers conducted.
1. The design of the wearable mask to protect the person against air pollutant.
Figure 39. Mask (Outside)

58
Figure 40. Mask (Inside)
The mask was comprised of different hazardous gas sensors and filters attached to
it. In front of the mask, the researchers had a Nuisance particulate filter to block the dust
particles that the user might inhale. The mask also operates through an automatic assembly
feature which means if the gas sensors detected a hazardous gas above the normal level,
the indicator turns red and the two filters on the side of the mask would then assemble and
close. The mask made use of a lithium polymer battery which is currently one of the best
types of battery and is reliable enough because it was rechargeable. Higher capacity of
battery could give a longer life to supply all the devices connected to the mask.
59
Figure 41. Wearable Mask (1)
Figure 42. Wearable Mask (2)

60
The mask is also wearable due to its capability of being worn anytime and
anywhere, the researchers found out that the mask can be placed on the thigh part of the
worker for them not to destruct nor be bothered and at the same time be safe from hazardous
gases in their work.
2. The algorithm that will decide the condition of the air to automatic activate the
wearable mask.
Figure 43. Algorithm of the Mask’s Automatic Activation

61
The system of the study will start by analyzing the concentration of gases present
in the air if it was already above the standard tolerable amount which was defined by the
Department of Environment and Natural Resources for the Ambient Air and Department
of Labor and Employment for the Working Environment Exposure standard. After the
analyzation of the air concentration, if either CO, CO2, SO2, Ammonia or Butane was
detected, the indicator of the mask lights up and after a few seconds, the mask automatically
assembles its filters. At the same time, upon the detection of the hazardous gases, the
amount detected would be displayed on an android phone application for the user to be
aware of what was present in the air. The android application was based on the real-time
monitoring of the sensors used.
Figure 44. Operation of Servo Motor (1)

62
Figure 45. Operation of Servo Motor (2)
The cartridge containing the filtering materials of the mask was connected to the
respirator together with the servo motor which controlled the movement of the filter if it
either closes or opens depending on the monitored amount of hazardous gas. The part of
the cartridge that flips away contains the activated carbon, cotton filter and the net while
the other part which stays at its plays was the top cover connected to the airway of the
respirator.
The threshold level that was set for the automatic activation of the mask was
adjustable and was dependent on where the mask will be applied and on who will use the
mask. If the mask would be used in industries or areas exposed to high level of hazardous
gases, the threshold could be lowered down to a safer value, however, if the mask would
be used on areas with low or minimal exposure to hazardous gases, the threshold level
63
could be lifted to a slightly higher value. The former mentioned cases could also be applied
if the wearer was a child or a grownup.
3. The reliability of the system in terms of detecting gas?
𝑁Σ𝑋𝑌 − (Σ𝑋)(Σ𝑌)
𝑟=
√[𝑁Σ𝑋 2 − (Σ𝑋)2 ][𝑁Σ𝑌 2 − (Σ𝑌)2 ]
Computation:
Let X1 = 56 ; Y1 = 63
X2 = 51 ; Y2 = 59
X3 = 74 ; Y3 = 86
X4 = 87 ; Y4 = 93
X5 = 90 ; Y5 = 101
X6 = 64 ; Y6 = 72
X7 = 563 ; Y7 = 581
X8 = 471 ; Y8 = 467
X9 = 498 ; Y9 = 506
X10 = 81 ; Y10 = 76
64
X11 = 88 ; Y11 = 90
X12 = 80 ; Y12 = 87
X13 = 27 ; Y13 = 32
X14 = 41 ; Y14 = 39
X15 = 24 ; Y15 = 28
For Σ𝑋𝑌:
= (56 ∗ 63) + (51 ∗ 59) + (74 ∗ 86) + (87 ∗ 93) + (90 ∗ 101)
+ (64 ∗ 72) + (563 ∗ 581) + (471 ∗ 467) + (498 ∗ 506) + (81 ∗ 76)
+ (88 ∗ 90) + (80 ∗ 87) + (27 ∗ 32) + (41 ∗ 39) + (24 ∗ 28)
= 857,909
For Σ𝑋:
= 56 + 51 + 74 +87 + 90 + 64 + 563 + 471 + 498 + 81 + 88 + 80 + 27
+ 41 + 24
= 2,295
65
For Σ𝑌:
= 63 + 59 + 86 + 93 + 101 + 72 + 581 + 467 + 506 + 76 + 90 +87 + 32
+ 39 +28
= 2,380
For Σ𝑋 2 :
= 562 + 512+ 742 + 872 + 902 + 642 + 5632 + 4712 + 4982 + 812 + 882
+ 802 + 272 + 412 + 242
= 841,483
For (Σ𝑋)2 :
= (56 + 51 + 74 +87 + 90 + 64 + 563 + 471 + 498 + 81 + 88 + 80 +
27 + 41 + 24)2
= 5,267,025
For Σ𝑌 2 :
= 632 + 592 + 862 + 932 + 1012 + 722 + 5812 + 4672 + 5062 + 762 + 902
+872 + 322 + 392 +282
= 873,858
66
For (Σ𝑌)2 :
= (63 + 59 + 86 + 93 + 101 + 72 + 581 + 467 + 506 + 76 + 90 +87 +
32 + 39 +28)2
= 5,664,400
15(857909) − (2295)(2380)
𝑟=
√[15(841483) − (5267025)] [15(873858) − (5664400)]
𝑟 = 0.98837344
% = 0.98837344 ∗ 100%
% = 98.8%
System reliability was based on the efficiency of the monitoring of the mask, the
efficiency level obtained was .9883 or 99%. The indicated level of efficiency was based on
the experimental tests conducted by the researchers and was solved using the Test-Retest
Reliability. Reliability of 1 was the highest reliability that could be obtained which means
it has no error, the researchers were able to acquire a reliability of 0.98837344 from the
data gathered. The experimental tests showed that the sensing efficiency of the mask
prototype was high and was equivalent to excellent in the interpretation of reliability.
67
The obtained system reliability was dependent on the data that was gathered from
the tests conducted by the researchers. The tests using the mask and the laboratory
equipment showed a minimal discrepancy, making the monitoring of the mask reliable
enough to be worn by the workers without risking their health due to unreliable monitoring.
Evaluation
Technical Study
The researchers used locally available materials and components in developing the
proposed design of Smart Mask with Real-Time Air Condition Monitoring and Filter
Attribute for Reduction of Hazardous Gas Intake. The main objective of the design was to
filter the hazardous gas to become tolerable to inhale and does not affect the worker’s
health while in the working area.
For this proposed design, the following considerations were made to choose the
appropriate materials.
68
Microcontroller
Table 5 Arduino Nano
Microcontroller ATmega328
Operating Voltage
5 VDC
(logic level)
Input Voltage
7-12 VDC
(recommended)
Input Voltage (limits) 6-20 VDC
Digital I/O Pins 14 (of which 6 provide PWM output)
Analog Input Pins 8
DC Current per I/O Pin 40 mA
32 KB (ATmega328)
Flash Memory
of which 2 KB used by bootloader
SRAM 2 KB (ATmega328)
EEPROM 1 KB (ATmega328)
Clock Speed 16 MHz
Dimensions 0.73" x 1.70"

69
Length 45 mm
Width 18 mm
Weight 5g
Table 6 Bluetooth Module
Sensitivity -80dBm
Low Power Operation 1.8 to 3.6V I/O
Transmit Power Up to +4dBm
Sensors
Circuit voltage 5V±0.1
Using Temperature -10℃-50℃
Standard Detecting Scope 200-10000ppm
Detection Gas LPG, Natural Gas, Iso-Butane, Propane Town Gas

70
Detection Gas CO and combustible gas
10-1000ppm CO
Concentration
100-10000ppm combustible gas
Sensing Resistance 100ppm CO
Sensitivity 100ppm CO
Table 9 MQ-135
Detection Gas Ammonia, Sulfide, Benzene steam
Concentration 10-10000ppm (Ammonia, Benzene, Hydrogen)
Sensing Resistance 100ppm NH3
Sensitivity 100ppm NH3
Table 10 SG90 Servo
Operating Speed (4.8V no load) 0.12sec/60 degrees
Operating Voltage 3.0-7.2Volts
Temperature Range -40 to +60 Degree C
Size (LxWxH cm) 10x2x1

71
Weight 0.02kg
Filter
Table 11 Filter Cartridge
Material Polypropylene
Weight 1.6 ounces
Temperature Range -40 to +60 Degree C
Table 12 Battery Lithium Ion Polymer 3.7v 1200mAh
Nominal Capacity 1200mAh
Working Temperature -25°C
Discharge cut-off voltage 2.75V
Weight 22g
Operational Study
In this section, the researchers discussed the operational feasibility of the proposed
subject. The following questions were given through survey for operational feasibility of
the research project.

72
1. I am aware that there is a presence of harmful gases in my working area.
66.67% (20 out of 30) of the respondents agreed that they were aware of harmful
gases in their working area, 16.67% (5 out of 30) of the respondents answered strongly
agree, 13.33% (4 out of 30) of the respondents answered neutral because they were not
sure of the certain gases that they encounter as they work although they know that there
was a presence of hazardous gas and the remaining 3.33% (1 out of 30) answered disagree
because they were not aware of the fact that they work in an area exposed to hazardous
gases.
73
2. I wear mask at all times whenever I am inside of the boiler area.
46.67% (14 out of 30) of the respondents agreed that they wear mask at all times
whenever they were inside of the boiler area, 33.33% (10 out of 30) of the respondents
answered strongly agree, 20% (6 out of 30) of the respondents answered neutral because
they were not always assigned on the lower area exposed to burning of coal for the boiler.
74
3. I am aware of the possible health problems that harmful gases may cause.
46.67% (14 out of 30) of the respondents agreed that they were aware of possible
health problems that harmful gases may cause, 33.33% (10 out of 30) of the respondents
answered strongly agree while the remaining 20% (6 out of 30) of the respondents
answered neutral. Some who answered neutral was due to their lack of awareness on the
presence of hazardous gas in their work area which leads to their lack of awareness as
well on their effects.

75
4. There is already an instance wherein an operator got sick due to the presence of
hazardous gases.
46.67% (13 out of 30) of the respondents agreed that there was a time wherein an
operator got sick due to the presence of hazardous gases, 26.67% (8 out of 30) of the
respondents answered neutral because they have not experienced it yet, 20% (6 out of 30)
of the respondents answered disagree and 10% (3 out of 30) of the respondents answered
strongly agree since they already had an experience of getting sick due to the harmful
gases.
76
5. I use face mask often as a preventive measure at work
50% (15 out of 30) of the respondents agreed that they used face mask often as a
preventive measure at work, 30% (9 out of 30) of the respondents answered, neutral,
13.33% (4 out of 30) of the respondents answered strongly agree and 6.67% (2 out of 30)
of the respondents answered disagree.

77
6. The current used mask is comfortable and does not obstruct in my work.
46.67% (14 out of 30) of the respondents disagreed that currently used mask was
comfortable and does not obstruct in their work due to its size and design which at times
causes them difficulty in breathing. The 23.33% (7 out of 30) of the respondents answered
strongly disagree, 20% (6 out of 30) of the respondents answered agree and 3.33% (1 out
of 30) of the respondents answered strongly agree.

78
7. Face mask effectively reduces the inhalation of harmful gas and particles.
60% (18 out of 30) of the respondents agreed that face mask effectively reduces the
inhalation of harmful gas and particles with the help of its filter, 23.33% (7 out of 30) of
the respondents answered neutral and 16.67% (5 out of 30) of the respondents answered
strongly agree.
79
8. It is beneficial to have a mask with real-time air condition monitoring with built-
in indicator and has auto-assembly feature.
50% (15 out of 30) of the respondents agreed that it was beneficial to have a mask with
real-time air condition monitoring with built-in indicator and has auto-assembly feature
for them to know the concentration of the gases in the air without the need of using
equipments for air monitoring, 33.33% (10 out of 30) of the respondents answered neutral
and 16.67% (5 out of 30) of the respondents answered strongly agree.

80
9. Industries should invest in this type of mask than using conventional.
40% (12 out of 30) of the respondents agreed that industries should invest in this type
of mask than using the conventional type of mask, 36.67% (11 out of 30) of the
respondents answered neutral and 23.33% (7 out of 30) of the respondents answered
strongly agree.
81
10. How many hours do you wear your mask at work?
73.33% (22 out of 30) of the respondents answered that they were using the
mask up to 5 to 6 hours at work and 26.67% (8 out of 30) of the respondents answered
thay they were using the mask 3 to 4 hours when at work.

82
11. How many hours are you exposed to the hazardous gases?
46.67% (14 out of 30) of the respondents answered that they were exposed to
hazardous gas in 6 to 9 hours when at work, 30% (9 out of 30) of the respondents answered
3 to 5 hours exposure to hazardous gas and 23.33% (7 out of 30) of the respondents
answered 1 to 3 hours exposure to hazardous gas when at work.

83
Economical Study
The cost of the materials used to create the project was necessary to impose if the
proposed research project was economically and environmental feasible. The proposed
project cost Php 3319.00 excluding the phone cost of the user. The user will save a lot of
money compare to the cost for the maintenance of the effect of intake of the hazardous gas.
The proposed project was user friendly since it was easy to deal with a rechargeable battery.
The materials took a higher cost; however, it will be decreased when mass delivered in
assembling organization. It would likewise decrement the season of execution influencing
the entire framework and its whole of materials or segments favorably.
PRICE
ITEM QUANTITY AMOUNT
(Php)
Arduino Nano 1 369.00 369.00
Bluetooth Module 1 325.00 325.00
MQ-3 Gas Sensor 1 200.00 200.00
MQ-9 Gas Sensor 1 200.00 200.00
MQ-135 Gas Sensor 1 200.00 200.00
Servo 2 300.00 600.00
Battery Lithium Ion Polymer 3.7v 1200mAh 2 585.00 1170.00
Cartridge with Filter 2 233.00 466.00
Thermoplastic Elastomer/Silicone Mask 1 500.00 500.00
84
PRICE
(Php)
Male to Male Pin Connector 1 100.00 100.00
Female to Male Pin Connector 1 125.00 125.00
Female to Female Pin Connector 1 125.00 125.00
Light Emitting Diode 6 3.00 18.00
TOTAL Php 3319.00
Chapter 5
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
This chapter states the findings that the research team was able to derive
from the study. In this chapter, the answers to the problems stated and presented in this
study are answered. It also suggests procedures and recommendations that can be used as
reference for future studies for improvement of the present study.
Summary of Findings
Air was necessary in human life, without it people will not survive. Due to human
activities and some natural phenomena, the atmosphere was contaminated with certain
substances present in the atmosphere in such concentrations which could produce
unwanted effects on man when at working area. With these effects, the researchers
conducted a countermeasure to lessen the intake of hazardous gas. Using microcontroller
as the brain of the smart mask with LED indicator to automatic assembly.
Specifically, it answered the following sub problems:
1. What is the design of the wearable mask to protect the person against air
pollutant?
86
The design of the mask was patterned in a respirator, the researchers conducted a
research and found that the best and compact design for the mask was made up of
different gas sensors with LED indicator for each sensor attached into it and two servo
motors attached on each side of the filter. The filters have its own servo motors that
would only trigger whenever there are abnormities present in the air.
2. What is the algorithm that will decide the condition of the air to automatic activate the
wearable mask?
The system of the project monitored the presence of the concentration of
the air in the area, the algorithm of the mask will start when there are abnormalities
present in the air such as high Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide, Sulfur Dioxide,
Butane and Ammonia built in LED will light in red, a prompt will send in the
application and the filter would be then activated. The result would be evaluated by
the Threshold values which were assigned depending on the purpose of using the
mask. When the values were already less than the threshold values assigned the
LED will lit Green and the filter will be now deactivated
3. What is the efficiency of the system in terms of detecting gases?
The system reliability of the mask in terms of monitoring is 92%. This was
attained by calculating variables thru test-retest reliability. The variables were the
87
reading in the sensors attached on the mask and another set of sensors provided by
the researchers. Series of tests were made wherein both sets should have a reading
close to one another. The percentage attained indicated how reliable the mask was
in terms of monitoring. The experimental tests proved that the mask prototype was
high and was equal with the results of the testing sensors. The mask was wearable
and was placed on the pants of a operator.
Conclusions
This study determined the reliability of a mask with a built-in indicator and
automatic assembly feature upon detection of gases. Specifically, this sought answers to
the following sub-problems:
1. The design made for the wearable mask was inspired by a respirator which was
normally used in industries with presence of hazardous gases. The mask will have
its filters on the side areas of the face and only moves and connects to the main
mask whenever there was a presence of any of either Carbon Monoxide, Carbon
Monoxide, Sulfur Dioxide, Ammonia and Butane in the environment. The
materials and devices used on the prototype were based on what suited best the
other devices according to their specifications and capacities. The mask was placed
on the right thigh part of the pants of the worker, it was the most suitable part of
88
uniform of the worker where the mask could be worn since it would not affect the
movements of the worker and it could be easily seen in case the indicator turn red.
2. The algorithm started from the detection of any of the hazardous gases covered in
the study. The gases included Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide, Sulfur Dioxide,
Ammonia, and Butane. As the mask detects the gases indicated, the indicator turns
on and in few seconds the filters at the side of the mask automatically assembles
and places at the front connected to the main mask. At the same time, there is a
real-time monitoring which displays the concentration of the gases in the air. The
threshold that was set by the researchers was the main factor that decides on what
value the mask should automatically assemble.
3. The system created in the study has a reliability of 99% in its accuracy in the
detection of gases. The acquired percentage of reliability was based on an
experimental testing wherein the researchers compared results between the
accuracy of gas detection of the mask and the laboratory equipment of Mach Union
Laboratory. The results between the two had minimal and almost negligible
difference and was computed using the test-retest reliability.
RECOMMENDATIONS
Modification in the future work was recommended to concentrate on the
accompanying angles to additionally broaden and build up findings in this paper. With a
89
specific end goal to maximize the use and operation of the framework thinking about the
ecological factor and the safety of the user, the following recommendations are hereby
proposed:
1. Lighter weight material can be used to modify the mask in order to have a less
destruction when using it. Also, the compactness and solidity of the whole mask
can also take in consideration for wider use. Proper choice of materials can also
affect how the modification of the present system is. For specifications of the
battery, future researchers can use a battery with high ampere to lengthen the life
span of the system. Alternative designs could be done to make the position of the
mask on the uniform of the worker more comfortable and make it look like an
ordinary part of the workers’ dress code.
2. For industrial uses, a database that can monitor the hazardous gas in the control
room may also be developed to attain proper monitoring within the vicinity of the
work place. Since Threshold values can be adjusted depending on where the system
would be used future researchers can think of a solution wherein they can improvise
the way or the values set on the threshold level to make it more suitable with its
application.
3. Additional sensors and filters may be added for an additional hazardous gas needed
to be filtered that may affect human health. Future researches could use different
methods on testing the reliability of the system in terms of monitoring. Vacuumed

90
places were recommended to test the reliability of the mask so specific gases could
be measured. Another monitoring equipment like the ones used in the industry
could be used to have a more accurate reliability.

91
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APPENDIX A
Gantt Chart
99
100
APPENDIX B
Endorsement Letter
101
102
103
104
105
106
APPENDIX C
Survey Questionnaire
107
108
APPENDIX D
Interview
109
Company Background as stated by Mr. Ramil G. Peralta (Head of WEM/IAQ):
Our work is about the exposure of the workers from pollutants and other
hazards. CRL is a group of companies and Calabarquez is based in Laguna. The company
started in June 1998 as CRL Environmental Corporation located in Pampanga inside a
mobile laboratory. Inside the mobile is a laboratory where the samples are tested. Our first
facility was in Topacio, Pampanga but we transferred in another location in Pampanga.
From Pampanga, we had our second company in Calabarquez Corporation where we have
our small laboratory and air operations. Our mother company’s focus is on soil and water
testing and Calabarquez Corporations focus is on air monitoring and pollutants exposure.
Then we had our third company in Makati. Next is our fourth location located in Cavite. It
is a laboratory to cater the Cavite Economic Zone and PEZA in Rosario. There are only
200 personnel inside the CRL group. Most of them in Pampanga are Chemist, Biologist
and Analyst. Here in LIIP, our personnel are mostly Engineers and from Environmental
Science while our sales are in Makati. Our company has a sister company in the US which
is the analytical company. CRL originated in the US but was brought here in the
Philippines. We have a program with DENR. We are also the first company outside the US
to be accredited by ELAP Accredited Laboratory as well as ISO1702 for laboratories. We
were able to operate because we are accredited by DENR and DOLE. Our company exists
due to the regulations of the government.

110
1. For an expert, what is a pollutant?
A pollutant is anything in our environment which are not supposedly there,
once it exist, there is already a pollution.
2. What does CRL do?
Our company is focused on environmental testing. In our field of operations,
we claim that we are the leading provider when it comes to environmental testing
because most of our competitors such as SGS and Austria are not focused in
environmental testing. There services are variable, they have pharmaceuticals and
mining. Our company focus on environmental testing and monitoring on areas like
offshore and mining. Water and soil quality as well as hazardous waste testing are
the focus on Clark Operations. They do water quality, sampling and testing. The
focus here is air quality testing. We go all over the Philippines to monitor their
emissions.
3. In what are chimney and platform in facilities used for in industrial companies?
The main purpose of that is for air quality monitoring. That is part of the
regulation in Clean Air Act where the pollutants emitted should be monitored in
industrial facilities where generators, boilers, and other polluting sources are used.
4. What is Ambient Monitoring?

111
Ambient monitoring is present in the general environment and the sample
is not taken from the source. Standards from the source is slightly lower than the
general environment because the general environment is what we breathe, and we
don’t breathe from the source itself that is why they have different standards.
5. What are the standards in exposure in hazardous gases for labor?
The standards and regulations for labor is OSHS or the Occupational Safety
and Health Standards. It is written there the amount of allowable gases that a worker
could be exposed on according to specific gases. It was a local regulation but was
copied abroad and we adopted but it was not updated and was still from 1970s.
When it comes to the exposure of workers, the standard is the Occupational Health
and Environmental Control which indicates the rules when it comes to the exposure
of workers not just for the chemical part but also to the noise, illumination,
vibration, ventilation and heat. It also indicates that facilities at least once a year,
the working environment measurement shall be performed as necessary but not
later than annually.
6. What is air regulation in relation with air pollution?
Emission testing is the stack emission regulated by DENR having the lowest
standard since we are not directly exposed with emission sources, the Ambient
monitoring is also regulated by DENR because what they aim to protect here is the
environment. It has a stricter standard than industrial facilities. The work

112
environment measurement is done in industrial facilities for the exposure of the
workers and can be done inside or outside the facility depending on where he works.
It has a slightly higher standard than the emission testing. Last is the indoor air
quality which are mostly non-industrial facilities like offices and hospitals. It has
the highest regulation in relation with air pollution because most of the time, people
or workers stay inside these places.
7. What are some types of hazards for the worker?
The hazards are not just limited on chemicals, there are also physical
hazards, biological hazards and ergonomics. Physical hazards include, illumination,
ventilation and hear. Chemical hazards include dust and fibers, metals, gases and
volatile organic compounds where the workers are exposed through inhalation. For
biological hazards, these are exposures from bacteria, and fungi through inhalation
as well.
8. What are the tests done when it comes to the exposure of workers?
Filters are used in testing the dust and fibers, the method of analysis is
usually gravimetric. Another is sorbents like charcoal tubes for VOC’s. VOC’s are
chemicals which quickly evaporates in room temperature. Silica gel tubes are used
in acids like sulfuric acid. Alternatively, liquid absorbers could be used wherein
there are laboratory prepared solutions. The absorber could be worn by the worker
or could be placed on the area. We also use Suma Canister where the air itself is
113
the sample and is brought to the laboratories for analysis. Agars are for biological
samples.
9. Sectors of high polluters.
It includes cement factories, coal powered power plants and the like.
10. What can you say about the mask as a protective equipment?
Masks, which are included in PPE’s or Personal Protective Equipment are
the least that you want to use inside your facility because it means that you were
not able to address the issue and eliminate the hazard. When it comes to health and
safety, the hierarchy of controls are used. It starts with anticipation where you
anticipate the hazard and its effect to the exposed ones, then the recognition where
you recognize that the hazard exists. After that is the evaluation where the hazards
are being quantified. After quantifying and knowing that it is beyond the exposure
level, the controls are being used. It is the final stage of industrial hygiene where
you need to do something because you already know the hazard is high. First
priority in controls is the elimination of hazards if it is feasible and is not part of
the process. The next is the engineering controls where barriers or isolation is used.
Next to it is the administrative control where the process or work is the thing being
changed or modified. the least priority is the PPE.

114
APPENDIX E
List of Materials and Costing

115
PRICE
(Php)
Arduino Nano 1 369.00 369.00

Bluetooth Module 1 325.00 325.00
MQ-3 Gas Sensor 1 200.00 200.00
MQ-9 Gas Sensor 1 200.00 200.00
MQ-135 Gas Sensor 1 200.00 200.00
Servo 2 300.00 600.00
Battery Lithium Ion Polymer 3.7v 1200mAh 2 585.00 1170.00
Cartridge with Filter 2 233.00 466.00
Thermoplastic Elastomer/Silicone Mask 1 500.00 500.00
Male to Male Pin Connector 1 100.00 100.00
Female to Male Pin Connector 1 125.00 125.00
Female to Female Pin Connector 1 125.00 125.00
Light Emitting Diode 6 3.00 18.00
TOTAL Php 4390.00
116
APPENDIX F
Program Code
117
#include <Servo.h>
Servo servo1, servo2;
int val1;
int val2;
int val3;
int sens1 = A0;
int sens2 = A1;
int sens3 = A2;
int green1 = 4;
int green2 = 5;
int green3 = 6;
int red1 = 8;
int red2 = 9;
int red3 = 10;
float val1A;
float val2A;
float val3A;
118
void setup(){
Serial.begin(9600);
servo1.attach(3); //right
servo2.attach(2); //left
pinMode(sens1, INPUT);
pinMode(green1, OUTPUT);
pinMode(red1,OUTPUT);
void loop(){
val1A = analogRead(sens1);
119
val1A = val1A + analogRead(sens1);

120

121
val1 = val1A / 16;
val2 = val2A / 16;
val3 = val3A / 16;
Serial.print("test|");
Serial.print(val1);
Serial.print("|");
Serial.print(val2);
Serial.print("|");
Serial.println(val3);
delay(500);
if((val1 <= 75) && (val2 <= 130) && (val3 <= 85))
{ state1();
idle(); }
122
if((val1 >= 75) && (val2 <= 130) && (val3 <= 85))
{ state2();
detect(); }
if((val1 >= 75) && (val2 >= 130) && (val3 <= 85))
{ state3();
detect(); }
if((val1 >= 75) && (val2 >= 130) && (val3 >= 85))
{ state4();
detect(); }
if((val1 >= 75) && (val2 <= 130) && (val3 >= 85))
{ state5();
detect(); }
if((val1 <= 75) && (val2 <= 130) && (val3 >= 85))
{ state6();
detect(); }
if((val1 <= 75) && (val2 >= 130) && (val3 <= 85))
{ state8();
detect(); }
if((val1 <= 75) && (val2 >= 130) && (val3 >= 85))
{ state7();
123
detect(); }
delay(1000);
//*******************************************************
//* Sub Function Area *
//**********************************************************************
*****
void state1(){
digitalWrite(green1, HIGH);
digitalWrite(red1, LOW);
digitalWrite(red3, LOW); }
void state2(){
digitalWrite(green1, LOW);
124
digitalWrite(red1, HIGH);
void state3(){
void state4(){
digitalWrite(red3, HIGH); }
125
void state5(){
void state6(){
void state7(){
126
void state8(){
void detect(){
servo1.write(10);
servo2.write(10); }
void idle(){
servo1.write(90);
servo2.write(90); }
127
APPENDIX G
Circuit Connection
128
129
APPENDIX H
Specification Sheets
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
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APPENDIX I
Editor’s Certification
178
179
APPENDIX J
Curriculum Vitae

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SMART FILTERING MASK FOR REDUCTION OF HAZARDOUS GAS INTAKE

WITH BUILT-IN INDICATOR DESIGNED FOR AIR MONITORING

BALTERO, Richel Mae N.

DELA CRUZ, Jay-ron D.

SEDANO, Ma. Zhaira Mae D.

Under the Supervision of

University of Perpetual Help System Laguna

CHAPTER 1 Problems and its settings

Statement of the problem……………………………………...…….…… 5

Assumption of the Study………………………………….……………... 6

Scope and Delimitation………………………………………………….. 6

Significance of the Study…………………………………………..……. 7

State of the Art……………………………………………………….……..…….. 9

Synthesis of the State of the Art………………………………………….……… 20

Gaps Bridged by the Present Study………………………………………….……20

CHAPTER 3 Research design and methodology

Population of the Study………………………………………….. 24

Instrumentation and Validation………………………...……….. 24

Data Collection Method…………………………………………. 25

Statistical Treatment of Data………………………………..….. 28

CHAPTER 4 Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation of Data

Interpretation of Data Presented…………………………………. 57

A (Project Gantt Chart) …………………………………………………………..96

B (Endorsement Letter) …………………………………………………….........98

C (Survey Questionnaire) …………………………………………………..….103

E (List of Materials and Costing) …………………………………………..…111

F (Program Code) ……………………………………………………..……....113

G (Circuit Connection) ……………………….…... …………………...…….124

H (Specification Sheet) …………………………………………………….....126

I (Editor’s Certification) ……………………………………………………...174

Figure 1 Conceptual Model

Figure 2 Operational Model

Figure 3 Prototyping Model

Figure 4 Block Diagram of the System

Figure 5 Schematic Diagram of the System

Figure 6 Flowchart of the System

Figure 7 MQ-135 Gas Sensor

Figure 8 MQ-5 Gas Sensor

Figure 9 MQ-9 Gas Sensor

Figure 12 3.7V Lithium Battery

Figure 15 Servo Motor

Figure 16 Voltage Regulator

Figure 18 MIT App Inventor 2

Figure 19 Reusable Respirator

Figure 20 6001CN Gas Cartridge

Figure 21 Hardware Design (1)

Figure 22 Filter Layers

Figure 23 MQ-5 Gas Sensor

Figure 24 MQ-9 Gas Sensor

Figure 25 MQ-135 Gas Sensor

Figure 26 Arduino Nano

Figure 27 LED Indicator

Figure 28 Hardware Design (2)

Figure 30 Hardware Design (4)

Figure 31 Schematic Diagram (1)

Figure 32 Schematic Diagram (2)

Figure 33 Sample Monitoring Display on Android Phone

Figure 34 App Installation

Figure 35 Connection of Bluetooth Device

Figure 36 Mask Design

Figure 37 Testing of Monitored Gas

Figure 38 Actual Testing

Figure 39 Mask (Outside)