TWT analysis using the CST

modules

Richard Cousin, CST France

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 Structure Description

50 mm

• Helical structure of 40 turns

• The first and 4 last turns are embedded in
resistive couplers
• Turns 4-36 constitutes the linear gain region
• The RF signal is introduced at turn 4 and
Structure reference:
analyzed through the different voltage probes
A.J. Theiss, Litton and D. Smithe, MM-Wave
Folded-Waveguide TWT Hot-Test Simulation,
Second IEEE International Vacuum Electronics
Conference, Noordwijk, Netherlands, Apr. 2001.

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 CST MICROWAVE STUDIOTM
Eigenmode solver

The eigenmode solver is a very specialized tool for closed cavities. No

s-parameters are generated, only eigenmodes which are single
frequency results.
Well suited applications: Narrow band, resonant cavities, periodic
structures.

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 Eigenmode solver @ 5 GHz

• Two different algorithm (AKS, JDM)

• Display the 3D-EM field inside the structure
• Take into account the losses
• Perform Q-factor calculations

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 Study of 1 period of the SWS

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 Dispersion Diagram

BW

TW

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 CST PARTICLE STUDIOTM
PIC (Particle-In-Cell) solver

Self-consistent transient field and particle solver including full space

charge effects at all frequencies.

Simulation MW-Tubes (TWT, Klystron, Magnetron,...) Multipactor in

filters

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 Introduction of the e-beam inside
the tube without RF injection

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 Electron beam interaction inside the
SWS at 5 GHz
RF input @ 5 GHz V_inter1 V_inter2 V_inter3

Growing RF field inside the

helical structure
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 Synchronism conditions in the SWS
Evidence of the e-beam modulation

Ve > V
• If electron velocity = phase
velocity, no global energy transfer
occurs because the energy
transferred to the EM wave amplified
is equal the energy transferred to the
electron beam from the EM slow
wave.
• If the electron velocity is slightly
Impedance on which the over the phase velocity of the wave
interaction takes place some EM power is transferred mainly
from the e-beam to the RF-structure

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 Evidence of the Travelling Wave
Amplification process at 5 GHz

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 Amplification process: Small-Signal Gain
Gain vs. Distance at Different Frequencies

10.0
3 GHz

• Evidence of the amplification

4 GHz
5 GHz CST PS
process along the TWT 5.0 6 GHz
7 GHz

dB
• Growing RF field at 5 GHz
0.0

• Results in good agreement with

the ones expected -5.0
4 9 14 19 24 29 34
Turn Number

5 GHz

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 On the use of CST PARTICLE STUDIOTM
Conclusions

• Well suited for Electron Device applications

• The Tracking solver can be used to design the electron Gun
• This gives the main parameters which can then be introduced for a
PIC analysis (import particle interface option)
• Complete 3D-approach with beam profile study and applied external
static field for focusing elements
• The PIC solver points out the transient interaction process inside Electron
Devices
• Self-consistent analysis taken into account
• Possible of Co-simulation with CST MICROWAVE STUDIOTM for a complete
study with and without beam.

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