4/10/2020 TR.32.10.1.

6 Response Spectrum Specification per IS: 1893 (Part 1)-2002

TR.32.10.1.6 Response Spectrum Speci cation per IS:

1893 (Part 1)-2002
This command may be used to specify and apply the RESPONSE SPECTRUM loading as per IS: 1893 (Part 1)-2002 for dynamic analysis.

The seismic load generator can be used to generate lateral loads in the X and Z directions only. Y is the direction of gravity loads.

Note: This facility has not been developed for cases where the Z axis is set to be the vertical direction using the SET Z UP command.

General Format
The data in the following format can be contained all on a single line or broken into two or three lines, so long as the second and third lines
start with the ACC and DOMINANT or SIGN commands, respectively.

SPECTRUM comb-method 1893 ( TORSION (DECCENTRICITY f8) (ECCENTRICITY f9) ) *{ X f1 | Y f2 | Z f3 }

{ ACCELERATION | DISPLACEMENT } (SCALE f4) {DAMP f5 | CDAMP | MDAMP } (MISSING f6) (ZPA f7) (IGNNORE f13)
({ DOMINANT f10 | SIGN }) (SAVE) (IMR f11) (STARTCASE f12)

The following command (SOIL TYPE parameter or response spectra data pairs) must be in a separate line.

{ SOIL TYPE f11 | *{ P1,V1; P2,V2; P3,V3;…PN,VN } }

The following command, if present, must be on a separate line. This performs the option al soft story check.

( CHECK SOFT STORY )

The following command, if present, must be on a separate line. This performs the story drift check.

( CHECK STORY DRIFT ) (RF f14)

Where:

Table 1. Parameters used for IS: 1893 (Part 1) 2002 response spectrum

Parameter Default Value Description

DECCENTRICITY f8 When ECC > 0, DEC

(Optional input) It is a factor which when multiplied with static eccentricity
defaults to 1.5
(i.e., eccentricity between center of mass and center of rigidity) gives dynamic
When ECC < 0, DEC eccentricity. Since the applied load is acting at the center of mass, the e ect of
defaults to 1.0 inherent torsion arising due to static eccentricity is included in the analysis.

Note: The torsion arising due to dynamic eccentricity (i.e,. static eccentricity
multiplied by dynamic ampli cation factor) between center of mass and
center of rigidity is applied along with accidental torsion, as per the
recommendations of Cl. 7.8.2 of the code. The dynamic eccentricity is
automatically calculated by the program while you can specify the amount of
accidental eccentricity (if not speci ed, the default of 5% of lateral dimension
of the oor in the direction of the earthquake will be considered). For details
See Torsion Methodology.

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Parameter Default Value Description

ECCENTRICITY f9 0.05
It is a factor which indicates the extent of accidental eccentricity. For all
buildings this factor is to be provided as 0.05. However, for highly irregular
buildings this factor may be increased to 0.10. This factor is to be externally
provided to calculate design eccentricity.

Since accidental eccentricity can be on either side, you must consider lateral
force acting at a oor level to be accompanied by a clockwise or a
counterclockwise accidental torsion moment. If the f9 value is positive, it
indicates clockwise torsion whereas a negative value indicates
counterclockwise torsion.

X f1, Y f2, Z f3 0.0 Factors for the input spectrum to be applied in X, Y, & Z directions. Any one or
all directions can be input. Directions not provided will default to zero.

SCALE f4 1.0 Linear scale factor by which the spectra data will be multiplied. Usually used
to factor g’s to length/sec2 units. This input is the appropriate value of
acceleration due to gravity in the current unit system (thus, 9.81 m/s2 or 32.2
ft/s2).

DAMP f5 0.05 The damping ratio. Specify a value of exactly 0.0000011 to ignore damping.

If CDAMP is speci ed, then composite damping is used as determined by

the values for material damping (and spring damping, if speci ed).
Refer to TR.26.2 Specifying Constants for Members and Elements
If MDAMP is speci ed, then modal damping is calculated using the
method de ned in a DEFINE DAMPING INFORMATION command, which
must be included in the input le. Refer to TR.26.4 Modal Damping
Information

MISSING f6  
Optional parameter to use "Missing Mass" method.  The static e ect of the
masses not represented in the modes is included.  The spectral acceleration
for this missing mass mode is the f6value entered in length/sec2 (this value is
not multiplied by SCALE). 

If f6is zero, then the spectral acceleration at the ZPA f7frequency is used.  If
f7is zero or not entered, the spectral acceleration at 33Hz (Zero Period
Acceleration, ZPA) is used.  The results of this calculation are SRSSed with the
modal combination results.

Note: If the MISSING parameter is entered on any spectrum case it will be

used for all spectrum cases.

ZPA f7 33 [Hz] The zero period acceleration value for use with MISSING option only. Defaults
to 33 Hz if not entered. The value is printed but not used if MISSING f6 is
entered.

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Parameter Default Value Description

IGNORE f13 0.009

(Optional input) It indicates the mass participation (in percent) of those modes
to be excluded while considering torsion provision of IS-1893. Depending
upon the model it may be found that there are many local modes and
torsional modes whose mass participation is practically negligible. These
modes can be excluded without much change in the nal analysis result. If not
provided all modes will be considered. If none provided the default value of
0.009% will be considered. If IGN is entered on any one spectrum case it will
be used for all spectrum cases.

Note: If the value of f14 is considerable it may lead to considerable variation

of analysis result from the actual one. Hence caution must be taken while
using IGNORE command.

If the MODE SELECT command is provided along with the IGNORE command,
the number of modes excluded from the analysis will be those deselected by
the MODE SELECT command and also those deselected by the IGNORE
command.

DOMINANT f10 1 (1st Mode) The dominant mode method. All results will have the same sign as mode
number f10 alone would have if it were excited then the scaled results were
used as a static displacements result. Defaults to mode 1 if no value entered.
If a 0 value entered, then the mode with the greatest % participation in the
excitation direction will be used (only one direction factor may be nonzero).

Note: Do not enter the SIGN parameter with this option. Ignored for the ABS
method of combining spectral responses from each mode.

IMR f11 1 The number of individual modal responses (scaled modes) to be copied into
load cases. Defaults to one. If greater than the actual number of modes
extracted (NM), then it will be reset to NM. Modes one through f11 will be used.
Missing Mass modes are not output.

STARTCASE f12 Highest Load Case No. + The primary load case number of mode 1 in the IMR parameter. Defaults to
1 the highest load case number used so far plus one. If f12 is not higher than all
prior load case numbers, then the default will be used. For modes 2 through
NM, the load case number is the prior case number plus one.

SOIL TYPE f11  

The soil type present. Depending upon time period, types of soil and
damping, average response acceleration coe cient, Sa/g is calculated.

1 = for rocky or hard soil

2 = medium soil
3 = soft soil sites

custom P1,V1; P2,V2;   Data is part of input immediately following spectrum command for a
P3,V3; … Pn,Vn "custom" response spectrum. Period - Value pairs (pairs separated by
semicolons) are entered to describe the spectrum curve. Period is in seconds
and the corresponding Value is acceleration (current length unit/ sec2). If data
is in g acceleration units then the factor by which spectra data will be
multiplied is g to the current length unit (9.81, 386.4, etc).

Note: Do not enter if a SOIL TYPE f11 value is speci ed.

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Parameter Default Value Description

RF f14  
The response reduction factor. If not speci ed, the program will look for the
factor de ned under DEFINE 1893 LOAD (refer to TR.31.2.9 IS:1893 (Part 1)
2002 & Part 4 (2005) Codes - Lateral Seismic Load). If none is provided there
either, a factor of 1.0 is assumed.

The response reduction factor represents ratio of maximum seismic force on

a structure during speci ed ground motion if it were to remain elastic to the
design seismic force. Actual seismic force is reduced by a factor RF to obtain
design force.)

1893 indicates the analysis as per IS:1893(Part 1)-2002 procedures.

comb-method = { SRSS | ABS | CQC | ASCE | TEN | CSM | GRP } are methods of combining the responses from each mode into a total
response.

Note: CQC, SRSS, and CSM Grouping methods are recommended by IS:1893 (Part 1) –2002.

SRSS Square Root of Summation of Squares method.

ABS Absolute sum. This method is very conservative and represents a worst case combination.
CQC Complete Quadratic Combination method (Default). This method is recommended for closely spaced modes
instead of SRSS.
Resultants are calculated as:
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
F = √∑ ∑ f ρ f
n m n nm m

where

ρnm =
2 2/3
8ζ (1+r)r

2 2 2 2
(1−r ) +4ζ r(1+r)

r = ωn/ωm ≤ 1.0

Note: The cross-modal coe cient array is symmetric and all terms are positive.

ASCE NRC Regulatory Guide Rev. 2 (2006) Gupta method for modal combinations and Rigid/Periodic parts of modes
are used. The ASCE4-98 de nitions are used where there is no con ict. ASCE4-98 Eq. 3.2-21 (modi ed Rosenblueth) is
used for close mode interaction of the damped periodic portion of the modes.
TEN Ten Percent Method of combining closely spaced modes. NRC Reg. Guide 1.92 (Rev. 1.2.2, 1976).

CSM Closely Spaced Method as per IS:1893 (Part 1)-2002 procedures.

GRP Closely Spaced Modes Grouping Method. NRC Reg. Guide 1.92 (Rev. 1.2.1, 1976).

TORSION indicates that the torsional moment (in the horizontal plane) arising due to eccentricity between the center of
mass and center of rigidity needs to be considered. See Torsion for additional information.

Note: If TORSION is entered on any one spectrum case it will be used for all spectrum cases.

Lateral shears at story levels are calculated in global X and Z directions. For global Y direction the e ect of torsion will
not be considered.

ACCELERATION or indicates whether Acceleration or Displacement spectra will be entered. The relationship between acceleration
DISPLACEMENT and displacement values in response spectra data is:
2
Displacement = Acceleration × (1/ω)

where

ω = 2π/Period (period given in seconds; ω in cycles per

second)

DAMP, MDAMP, and select source of damping input:

CDAMP
DAMP indicates to use the f2 value for all modes
MDAMP indicates to use the damping entered or computed with the DEFINE DAMP command if entered, otherwise
default value of 0.05 will be used

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CDAMP indicates to use the composite damping of the structure calculated for each mode. You must specify
damping for di erent materials under the CONSTANT speci cation

SIGN This option results in the creation of signed values for all results. The sum of squares of positive values from the
modes are compared to sum of squares of negative values from the modes. If the negative values are larger, the
result is given a negative sign. This command is ignored for ABS option.

CAUTION: Do not enter DOMINANT parameter with this option.

SAVE This option results in the creation of a acceleration data le (with the model le name and an .acc le extension)
containing the joint accelerations in g’s and radians/sec2. These les are plain text and may be opened and viewed with
any text editor (e.g., Notepad).
CHECK SOFT indicates that soft story checking will be performed. If omitted from input, there will be no soft story checking.
STORY Refer to TR.28.2.1 Soft Story Checking for details.

CHECK STORY indicates that a story drift check is to be performed.

DRIFT
Tip: This is done in place of post-analysis story drift checks for IS 1893-2002.

Methodology
The design lateral shear force at each oor in each mode is computed by STAAD.Pro in accordance with the Indian IS: 1893 (Part 1)-2002
equations 7.8.4.5c and 7.8.4.5d.

Qik = Ak⋅ϕik⋅Pk⋅Wk

and
n

V ik = Σ Qik
i=i+1

Note:  All symbols and notations in the above equation are as per IS: 1893(Part 1)-2002.

STAAD.Pro utilizes the following procedure to generate the lateral seismic loads.

1. You provide the value for Z/2⋅I/R as factors for input spectrum. You calculate the expression Z/2⋅I/R and provide these values using
the terms f1, f2, and f3 and applicable, where these terms an explained in the table below.
2. The program calculates time periods for rst six modes or as speci ed.
3. The program calculates Sa/g for each mode utilizing time period and damping for each mode.
4. The program calculates the design horizontal acceleration spectrum value Ak for each mode.
5. The program then calculates mode participation factor for each mode.
6. The peak lateral seismic force at each oor in each mode is calculated.
7. All response quantities for each mode are calculated.
8. The peak response quantities are then combined as per the speci ed method (SRSS, CQC, ABS, CSM or TEN) to get the nal results.

Individual Modal Response Case Generation

Individual modal response (IMR) cases are simply the mode shape scaled to the magnitude that the mode has in this spectrum analysis case
before it is combined with other modes. If the IMR parameter is entered, then STAAD.Pro will create load cases for the rst speci ed
number of modes for this response spectrum case (i.e., if ve is speci ed then ve load cases are generated, one for each of the rst ve
modes). Each case will be created in a form like any other primary load case.

The results from an IMR case can be viewed graphically or through the print facilities. Each mode can therefore be assessed as to its
signi cance to the results in various portions of the structure. Perhaps one or two modes could be used to design one area/ oor and
others elsewhere.

You can use subsequent load cases with TR.32.11 Repeat Load Speci cation combinations of these scaled modes and the static live and
dead loads to form results that are all with internally consistent signs (unlike the usual response spectrum solutions). The modal applied
loads vector will be omega squared times mass times the scaled mode shape. Reactions will be applied loads minus sti ness matrix times
the scaled mode shape.

With the Repeat Load capability, you can combine the modal applied loads vector with the static loadings and solve statically with P-Delta or
tension only.

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4/10/2020 TR.32.10.1.6 Response Spectrum Specification per IS: 1893 (Part 1)-2002

Note: When the IMR option is entered for a Spectrum case, then a TR.37 Analysis Speci cation & TR.38 Change Speci cation must be
entered after each such Spectrum case.

Refer to TR.32.10.1.1 Response Spectrum Speci cation - Custom for additional details on IMR load case generation.

Notes
a. The design base shear VB, calculated from the Response Spectrum method, is compared with the base shear Vb, calculated by
empirical formula for the fundamental time period. If VB is less than Vb, all of the response quantities are multiplied by Vb /VB as per
Clause 7.8.2.

For this, the following input is necessary before de ning any primary load case.

DEFINE 1893 LOAD

ZONE f1 1893-spec

SELFWEIGHT

JOINT WEIGHT

joint-list WEIGHT w

MEMBER WEIGHT

UNI v1 v2 v3

mem-list

CON v4 v5

CHECK SOFT STORY

1893-Spec = {RF f2, I f3, SS f4, (ST f5), DM f6, (PX f7), (PZ f8), (DT f9)}

Refer to TR.31.2.9 IS:1893 (Part 1) 2002 & Part 4 (2005) Codes - Lateral Seismic Load for full details on this command structure.

Note: STAAD.Pro does not calculate the fundamental frequency of the structure needed for the empirical base shear Vb. calculation;
so you must enter either the ST parameter or the PX and PZ parameters in the DEFINE 1893 LOAD data.

b. The following interpolation formula is adopted for interpolation between damping values as given in Table 3.

Interpolation and/or extrapolation of ground response acceleration for a particular mode has been made for determining the
spectrum ordinates corresponding to the modal damping value for use in Response Spectrum analysis. The relationship that shall be
used for this purpose is de ned by:

Sa = Ae-ξ + B/ξ

Where:

Sa = Spectrum ordinate
ξ = damping ratio

Constants A and B are determined using two known spectrum ordinates Sa1 and Sa2 corresponding to damping rations ξ1 and ξ2,
respectively, for a particular time period and are as follows:

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4/10/2020 TR.32.10.1.6 Response Spectrum Specification per IS: 1893 (Part 1)-2002
Sa 1ξ −Sa 2ξ
1 2
A =
−ξ −ξ
ξ e 1 −ξ e 2
1 2

−ξ −ξ
ξ ξ (Sa 2e 1 −Sa
1
e 2)
1 2
B =
−ξ −ξ
ξ e 1 −ξ e 2
1 2

Where:

ξ1 < ξ < ξ2

c. The story drift in any story shall not exceed 0.004 times the story height as per Clause 7.11.1. To check this, the following command
should be given after the analysis command.

PRINT STOREY DRIFT

A warning message will be printed if story drift exceeds this limitation.

d. If any soft story (as per de nition in Table 5 of IS:1893-2002) is detected, a warning message will be printed in the output.

Torsion
The torsion arising due to dynamic eccentricity (i.e., static eccentricity multiplied by dynamic ampli cation factor) between center of mass
and center of rigidity is applied along with accidental torsion, as per the recommendations of Cl. 7.9.2 of the IS 1893 code. The dynamic
eccentricity is automatically calculated by the program (in both cases of TOR and TOR OPP options), while the amount of accidental
eccentricity can be speci ed through the ECC option (if not speci ed, default of 5% of lateral dimension of the oor in the direction of the
earthquake will be considered).

Non-symmetric or torsionally unbalanced buildings are prone to earthquake damage due to coupled lateral and torsional movements (i.e.,
the translational vibration of the building couples with its torsional vibrations within elastic range). The level of coupling between lateral and
torsional vibrations of the building can be larger, thus leading to signi cantly higher lateral-torsional coupling than that predicted by elastic
analysis.

Cl. 7.8.4.5 of IS 1893 (Part 1) : 2002 is valid for buildings with regular or nominally irregular plan con gurations. For buildings which are
irregular in plan, it is better to consider torsion from dynamic eccentricity into analysis; even if torsionally coupled vibration is
considered during response spectrum analysis.
Cl. 7.9.2 Note 2 of Amendment No. 1 January 2005 states that, in the case that a 3D dynamic analysis is carried out, the dynamic
ampli cation factor 1.5—as given by Cl. 7.9.2—can be replaced by 1.0. This implies that the code also recommends to use Cl. 7.9.2 for
all types of buildings by including torsion from both dynamic and accidental eccentricity in the response spectrum analysis.

Torsion Methodology
As per IS1893-2002 code, provision shall be made in all buildings for increase in shear forces on the lateral force resisting elements
resulting from the horizontal torsional moment arising due to eccentricity between the center of mass and the center of rigidity.

In response spectrum analysis all the response quantities (i.e. joint displacements, member forces, support reactions, plate stresses, etc)
are calculated for each mode of vibration considered in the analysis. These response quantities from each mode are combined using a
modal combination method (either by CQC, SRSS, ABS, TEN PERCENT, etc) to produce a single positive result for the given direction of
acceleration. This computed result represents a maximum magnitude of the response quantity that is likely to occur during seismic loading.
The actual response is expected to vary from a range of negative to positive value of this maximum computed quantity.

No information is available from response spectrum analysis as to when this maximum value occurs during the seismic loading and what
will be the value of other response quantities at that time. As for example, consider two joints J2 and J3 whose maximum joint displacement
in global X direction come out to be X1 and X2 respectively. This implies that during seismic loading joint J1 will have X direction
displacement that is expected to vary from -X1 to +X1 and that for joint J2 from -X2 to +X2. However, this does not necessarily mean that the
point of time at which the X displacement of joint J1 is X1, the X displacement of joint J2 will also be X2.

For the reason stated above, torsional moment at each oor arising due to dynamic eccentricity along with accidental eccentricity (if any) is
calculated for each mode. Lateral story shear from this torsion is calculated forming global load vectors for each mode. Static analysis is
carried out with this global load vector to produce global joint displacement vectors for each mode due to torsion. These joint
displacements from torsion for each mode are algebraically added to the global joint displacement vectors from response spectrum
analysis for each mode. The nal joint displacements from response spectrum along with torsion for all modes are combined using
speci ed modal combination method to get nal maximum possible joint displacements. Refer to the steps explained below.

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4/10/2020 TR.32.10.1.6 Response Spectrum Specification per IS: 1893 (Part 1)-2002

Steps
For each mode following steps are performed to include Torsion provision.

1. Lateral story force at each oor is calculated. Refer Cl. 7.8.4.5c of IS 1893 (Part 1) : 2002. (Qik at oor i for mode k)

2. At each oor design eccentricity is calculated. Refer Cl. 7.9.2 and Cl. 7.9.2 Note 2 of Amendment No. 1 January 2005 of IS 1893 (Part 1)
: 2002.

Thus, design eccentricity edi = f15×esi + f12×bi where f15 = 1.0 and f12 = (±) 0.05

Where:

esi = dynamic eccentricity arising due to center of mass and center of rigidity at oor i (static eccentricity multiplied by dynamic
ampli cation factor 1.0 for response spectrum analysis),
bi = oor plan dimension in the direction of earthquake loading.
3. Torsional moment is calculated at each oor. (Mik = Qik × edi at oor i for mode k)
4. The lateral nodal forces corresponding to torsional moment are calculated at each oor. These forces represent the additional story
shear due to torsion.
5. Static analysis of the structure is performed with these nodal forces.
6. The analysis results (i.e., member force, joint displacement, support reaction, etc) from torsion are algebraically added to the
corresponding modal response quantities from response spectrum analysis.

Modal Combination
Steps 1 to 6 are performed for all modes considered and missing mass correction (if any). Finally the peak response quantities from
di erent modal response are combined as per CQC or SRSS or TEN PERCENT or CSM method.

Notes
After the analysis is complete following les are generated.

a. Story shear for each mode for each load case is given in the le <filename>_RESP1893.txt.
b. Rotational sti ness of each oor is given in the le <filename>_ROT1893.txt.
c. Center of mass, center of rigidity, design eccentricity at each oor level and additional shear due to torsion at each oor level for each
mode for each load case is given in the le <filename>_TOR1893.txt.

Dynamic Eccentricity
The static eccentricity is generally de ned as the distance between the center of mass (CM) and the center of rigidity (CR) at respective
oors levels. Accidental eccentricity generally accounts for factors such as:

the rotational component of ground motion about the vertical axis,

the di erence between computed and actual values of the mass, sti ness, or strength, and
uneven live mass distribution.

The provision for design eccentricity edi at ith oor of a building is given by the following equation:

edi = DEC×esi + ECC×bi

where

esi = static eccentricity at ith oor

bi = plan dimension of the ith oor normal to the direction of ground motion

ECC and DEC = Factors to determine the design eccentricity. These are input parameters.
IS 1893-2002 clause 7.8.2 de nes two equations:

edi = 1.5×esi + 0.05×bi

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4/10/2020 TR.32.10.1.6 Response Spectrum Specification per IS: 1893 (Part 1)-2002
edi = 1.0×esi - 0.05×bi

By including the optional command TORSION, the rst equation is used by default. To account for the second equation, you may simply
specify DEC -0.05 (at which point the default for ECC is then 1.0).

Example
Refer to V. IS 1893 2002 Response Spectrum for a detailed explanation of this example.

LOAD 1 LOADTYPE None TITLE RS_X

SPECTRUM SRSS 1893 X 0.036 ACC DAMP 0.05
SOIL TYPE 1

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