3/31/2020

Ethics
Assignment 1

Submitted by:
ZAINABWAHEED
(l1f17bssy0067)
6-Record Keeping and Fees
1) Documentation of professionals and scientific world and maintenance of
record.

Psychologists maintain, store and delete the record of their professional and scientific work for
five purposes:
1: To facilitate the provision of services , later by them or by some other professionals
2:To allow the replication of research design and analyses
3:To meet institutional requirements
4: To ensure the accuracy of billing and payments
5: To ensure compliance with law 

(2) Maintenance, Dissemination, and Disposal of confidential records of

professional and scientific work 

a) Psychologists keep the records of work confidential, whether they are available in written or
any other medium
b)Psychologist use coding or other techniques when they enter the information of the patient into
database so that if somebody else, who is not consented by the recipient, get access to the data
will not understand it 
c) Psychologist make plans in advance to protect the confidentiality of records and data

(3) Withholding records for Nonpayment:

In case of patient's emergency treatment, psychologists may not refuse to give records just
because the payment has not been received.

(4) Fees and financial arrangements:

a)Psychologists and recipients of psychologist services specify the billing arrangements and
compensations through an agreement.
b) Psychologists fee practices are consistent with law 
c) Psychologists do not misrepresent their fees.
d) Recipients of services are to be aware earlier if there can be limitations in services because of
limited financing.
e)If recipients of the services do not pay the agreed charges and psychologists are going to take
legal action to collect their payments then they will first inform the recipients that such legal
actions can be taken against them so that the person get a chance to clear the payments.

(5) Barter with clients/patients :

Bartering is the acceptance of goods, services or other non-monetary payments from clients or
patients in return for psychological services. Psychologists can only barter if :
a) It is not clinically contraindicated
b) The resulting arrangement is not exploitative

(6) Accuracy in reports to payors and funding sources:

Psychologists ensure to provide the accurate nature of the services provided or the research that
is conducted, the charges, identity of the provider(where needed) , findings and diagnosis in their
report to payor for services or sources of research funding.

(7) Referrals and fees:

The payments that psychologists receives from clients or share with other professionals are
purely dependent on the services that are provided rather than the referral itself.

7-Education and Training

(1) Design of education and training programs.

Psychologist take some steps to ensure that the program is providing proper knowledge and meet
the requirements of licensure, certification and other goals.

(2) Description of Education and Training programs

Psychologists who are responsible for education and training programs take some steps to make
sure that the program content like participation in required course , counselling , psychotherapy
or community services have accurate description or not .This kind of information is must be 
available to every interesting party.

(3) Accuracy in Teaching.

(a) psychologist take some steps to make sure that course syllabi regarding subject matter is
accurate. The instructors consider it important until students are fully aware of that nd able to
fulfill course requirements.
(b) psychologist present exact psychological information when they are involved in any kind of
teaching or training.

(4) Student Disclosure of Personal information.

In program related activities for example , relationship with parents, peers, history of abuse and
neglect it is not necessary for students to disclose their personal information only expect the
program requires this information in its admission or to evaluate personal problem results.

(5) Mandatory Individual or group therapy.

(a) it is a responsibility of a psychologist that they should allow students of graduate and
undergraduate programs, to make their opinion of selecting individual or group therapy from
practitioners who are unaffiliated with the program .
(b) Faculty are not allowed to provide therapy who are involved in evaluating student academic
performance.

(6) Assessing Student and Supervise Performance.

(a) For providing feedback to students and supervisors, psychologists make a specific process
and the student will get information about this process at the start of supervision.
(b) Students are evaluated on the basis of their actual performance on relevant program
requirements.

(7) Sexual Relationship with Students and Supervisors.

Psychologist are not allowed to involve in any kind of sexual activity with their students and
supervisors in department, agency or training center.

(9)Assessment

(1) Bases for assessment:

While in spite of reasonable efforts such an examination is not  realistic physcologists record the
efforts they made the result of those efforts , clarify the likely impact of their restrained
information on the reliability and validity of their reviews, and as it should be restrict the
character and extent in their conclusions or recommendations 

(2) Uses of assessments:

For the evolution of the client, psychologists uses different assessments techniques like
interviews, test, or instruments for the purpose of the research and evidence foe the client
problem. Psychologists uses assessment instruments which are valid and reliable and use those
methods for assessment which are appropriate to the client like language etc.

(3) Informed consent in assessments:

Knowledgeable consent includes an evidence of the nature and reason of the evaluation,
expenses, involvement of third events, and boundaries of confidentiality and enough opportunity
for the client/patients to ask questions and receive solutions. It is responsibility of the
psychologist to have the information before start the session or evaluation.

(4) Release of test data:

The clients test data which includes records of diagnosis, evaluation, recordings during
examination etc. Psychologists are not allowed to breach any information of the patient to any
other person as in case of misuse. It is only allowed to the law or court to access any
information. 

(5)Test construction:

Psychologists who develop tests and different assessment techniques use appropriate
psychometric approaches and cutting-edge scientific or professional knowledge for check design,
standardization, validation, discount or removal of bias, and recommendations to be used.
Knowledgeable consent includes an evidence of the nature and reason of the evaluation,
expenses, involvement of third events, and boundaries of confidentiality and enough opportunity
for the client/patients to ask questions and receive solutions. It is responsibility of the
psychologist to have the information before start the session or evaluation.

(6) Interpreting assessment results:

When deciphering assessment results, including automatic interpretations, psychologists keep in

mind the motive of the evaluation as well as the numerous test factors, take a long at-taking
competencies, and different characteristics of the character being assessed, which include
situational, personal, linguistic, and cultural differences, that might have an effort on
psychologists' judgements or lesson the accuracy in their interpretations.

(7) Assessments by unqualified  persons: 

Psychologists do nit sell the use of mental assessment techniques by way of unqualified men and
women, besides when such use is carried out for schooling functions with suitable supervision.

(8) Obsolete tests and outdates test results: 

Psychologists do not base their evaluation or intervention decisions or hints on statistics or test
effects that are outdated for the current cause and the Psychologist do not base
such choices or recommendations on tests and measures that are out of date and not useful for
the current motive.

(9) Test scoring and interpretation services:

Psychologists  who offer assessment or scoring services to the other professionals correctly
describe the purpose, norms, validity, and applications of the procedures and any special
qualifications applicable to their use. Psychologists pick out scoring and interpretation offerings
(inclusive of automated services) on the bases of evidence of the validity of this system and
techniques as well as on other appropriate concerns. 

(10) Explaining assessment results: 

Psychologists are responsible that the explanation of results are given to the individual or
distinctive representative until the character of the of the connection precludes provision of a
proof of effects. 

(11) Maintaining test security: 

Psychologists make affordable efforts to maintain the integrity and security of take a look at
substances and other assessment strategies consistent with regulation and contractual obligations,
and in a way that permits adherence to this Ethics code.

(10) Therapy

(1) Informed Consent To Therapy:

a) Psychologists need informed consent from the clients in which every necessary thing is
mentioned such as nature’s of therapy, fee, involvement of third party, confidentiality and
opportunity for clients to ask questions.
b) Psychologists informed the clients nature of treatment, potential risks, alternative treatment
and voluntary nature of participation.
C)If the therapist is a trainee is being supervised by a supervisor and is given the name of
supervisor.

(2) Therapy Involving Couples And Families:

a) If psychologists provide services to couples and families they should  have boundaries that
which individuals are patients and the psychologist will have relationship with each person.
b) As there are also family psychologists so if the couple get divorced and if the matter goes to
court then psychologist cannot be a witness of one party because he is the psychologist of both of
them to avoid conflicts.

(3) Group Therapy:

Psychologists set the boundaries while providing group therapy and tell roles and limitations of
privacy to all parties.
(4) Providing Therapies To Those Served By Others:

Psychologists ask clients or other legal authorized person on behalf of client as he or she already
receiving mental health treatment in orders to minimize the risk of confusion or conflicts.

(5) Sexual Intimacies With Current Patient:

Psychologists cannot maintain the sexual relationships with current patients.

(6) Sexual Intimacies With Relatives Of Current patients:

Psychologists cannot make sexual Intimacies with relatives guardian or significant others of
current patients and cannot discontinue therapy to overcome this standard.

(7) Therapy With Formal Sexual Partners:

Psychologists do not treat those patients persons with whom they have sexual relationships.

(8) Sexual Intimacies With Former Therapy Clients:

a) Psychologists cannot make sexual relationship with previous patients for two years after
termination of therapy.
b)Having sexual relationships with previous clients even after two years is rarely acceptable and
the psychologists who are involved in this activity after the termination of therapy have to go
through some difficulties as the amount of time after terminating therapy and the duration,
circumstances of termination , patients personal history and mental status and any statements or
actions made by psychologists that welcomes the post-end sexual and sentimental relationships
to check if any exploitation has made.