Treatment Works

Screening Process

The water from the source such as groundwater enters the Water Treatment Plant, passing through
screens, which filter the water of larger debris before entering the treatment process. A screen
removes 20-35% of suspended solids.

Coagulation/Flocculation

To be able to treat the turbidity of water coagulation/flocculation was done.This process is one of the
most important steps to eliminate or reduce the turbidity, color and microorganisms in water. There are
two chemical coagulants that can be use the Polyaluminum chloride and corn starch the maximum
removal efficiency of turbidity in initial turbidity of 50 NTU belonged to poly aluminum chloride with 5
ppm dosage and corn starch with 0.7 ppm dosage which removed and reduced the initial turbidity to
98.48% and 5 NTU, respectively.

Aeration

Aeration brings water and air in close contact in order to remove dissolved gases (such as carbon
dioxide) and oxidizes dissolved metals such as iron, hydrogen sulfide, and volatile organic chemicals
(VOCs). Aeration is often the first major process at the treatment plant. During aeration, constituents
are removed or modified before they can interfere with the treatment processes. Aeration also helps
remove dissolved metals through oxidation, the chemical combination of oxygen from the air with
certain undesirable metals in the water. Once oxidized, these chemicals fall out of solution and become
particles in the water and can be removed by filtration or flotation. The BOD removal through aeration is
up to 80.95%.

pH adjustment

pH is an indicator of the acid or alkaline condition of water. The pH scale ranges from 0-14; 7 indicates
the neutral point. The normal pH range of drinking water is 6.5 – 8.5. The pH is mostly a result of natural
geological conditions at the site and the type of minerals found in the local rock. The pH can also be
affected by acid rain. Water with a pH value less than 7 is acidic and tends to be corrosive. Acidic water
(low pH) can leach metals from plumbing systems, which can cause pipes to leak. Metals that leach from
the pipes (lead from lead pipes or copper from copper pipes) may also cause health problems. Water
with a value greater than 7 indicates alkalinity and tends to affect the taste of the water. pH correctors
can be done by adding neutralization chemical such as 98% of sulfuric acid or 50% of sodium hydroxide.

Reverse Osmosis

It is a method for treating water and wastewater in order to reduce dissolved solids or “salts” in the
effluent discharge. This technology is used globally in drinking water and industrial applications. The
process involves applying pressure to the influent water stream to overcome osmotic pressure and
reverse the natural osmosis process, filtering out salt ions down to 0.0001 microns. This process
removes 95-99% of TDS (total dissolved solids), organic matter, bacteria and 99%+ of all suspended
solids.