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Chromalox SECT
Chromalox SECT
Chromalox SECT
37
Depending on heating power needed and pipeline
length, SKIN SYSTEM may consist of one, two or
three
(as is shown on the figure) heating elements.
Control system
For enhancement of efficiency SECT System is equipped with control system that reduces power output in response to
ambient temperature increase. That ensures reliable control of heating system status and emergency conditions.
Power supply:
up to 3 kVAC 50 Hz
Construction:
Fig. 1.2.1
Alternative current runs through the whole inner conductor section. No significant surface effect arises
in nonmagnetic material with good conductivity. In the outer ferromagnetic conductor (steel pipe) the
SKIN-effect is clear cut and the whole current runs through the internal pipe layer with about 1mm
thickness. The potential of external surface of pipe keeps on being virtually zero. Due to light thickness
of the SKIN-layer, basic heat generating (up to 80%) is being performed in the steel pipe. At the
beginning and at the end of the circuit (heating pipe segment) the outer surface of the SKIN-tube is
reliably grounded what ensures additional safety of the SEHMS system.
SEHMS advantages
Minimum quantity of heating elements power supply points. According to the designing experience
of these systems, the maximum length of ONE LINE of SEHMS may be up to 10 000m. By boosting
two segments of the line from one point, the distance between power supply points may be up to
20 000m.
Less investment costs against other heat tracing systems. That is supported by the fact that in
SEHMS SKIN-cable of a big section is discharged from heat generating and in fact performs the
function of an integrated covering power network.
Electrical safety. The external surface of heating element (tube) has a zero potential against earth, it is
grounded and shields and protects completely the current-carrying conductor located inside.
Good thermal contact. Metal heat generating element (tube) is welded directly to the main pipeline or
is tightly attached to it by using special elements. For improved heat transfer a special heat conductive
paste is applied.
Reliability. Strong heat generating elements in form of steel tubes provide mechanical strength and
protection of current-carrying conductors from damage. Heat generating elements do not have outer
insulation, which can be damaged while installing.
¾ Basic engineering data
The current project includes the construction of a 6” MNB pipeline, insulated with 10mm aerogel
(conductivity: 0.014 W/m·oC, ambient temp 10oC) heated to a max temp. of 22 °C. Temperature in
empty pipe or stagnant product shall be maintained at 20 °C.
The heater element will be installed in one 27 mm carbon steel tube, strapped every 30 cm along
the length, located at 45o of the vertical at the bottom of the pipe.
The output heat in the heat tubes should make up 27 watts/meter for the section to maintain a
pipeline temp of 20 °C.
The SKIN-EFFECT system will consist of one heating section. Power feeding will be carried out in
one place at the end of the pipeline.
Electric cubicles should be of the indoor metal enclosed and should contain all electrical protective,
indicating and operating devices including sequential control and fault indicators.
According to BS 6351, calculation of heat loss from the pipeline surface is being performed
according to the following formula:
P=(2πλ*ΔT×l)/ln(d2/d1)
where:
P – power loss intensity, W,
λ - effective heat conductivity factor, W/m·°K,
ΔT – temperature difference between the heated surface and the ambient air, K,
d2 – outer diameter of the thermal insulation, m,
d1 – inner diameter of the thermal insulation, m,
l – length, m.
Table 1-1
Technical solution
According to performed calculation the electrical heating system meets your technical requirements
and can be realized by installation of one induction-resistive heater along the pipeline, having linear
output 27 W/m
Powering of the electrical heating system is realized in one place.