Integers and The Coordinate Plane

Integers and the
6 Coordinate Plane
6.1
6 .1
1 IIntege
Integers
Int
6.2 Comparing and Ordering Integers
6.3 Fractions and Decimals on
the Number Line
6.4 Absolute Value
6.5 The Coordinate Plane
“Don’t worry.
At negative
still under th 20 miles per hour, we’re
e speed lim
it.”
“Dear Sir: You asked me

to ‘find’ the opposite of “See, it’s wor
ź1.” “I didn’t know it king .”
was missing.”
ms_green pe_06co.indd 246 1/28/15 2:35:27 PM

What You
Learned Before “The Dog Li
cense Dep
and said th artment w
rote
positive lic at it has run out of
ense numb
ers. So
Ordering Decimals assigned m
e negative , they
3.”
Example 1 Use a number line to order 0.25, 1.15,

15, 0.2,
and 0.34 from least to greatest.
0.2 0.25 0.34 1.15
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3
Use a number line to order the numbers from least to greatest.

1. 0.01, 0.42, 0.2, 0.5 2. 1.05, 0.95, 0.75, 1.01
Complete the number sentence with <, >, or =.

7
Example 2 10 15 Example 3 0.875 —
8
On a number line, 10 is closer 875 875 ÷ 125 7
0.875 = — = — = —
to zero than 15. 1000 1000 ÷ 125 8
7
So, 10 < 15. So, 0.875 = —.
8
2
Example 4 Find three numbers that make the number sentence 1— ≤ true.
5
3 5
Sample answer: 1—, —, 2
5 2
Complete the number sentence with <, >, or =.

9
3. 2.01 2.001 4. 4.5 — 5. 3.18 3.2
2
Find three numbers that make the number sentence true.

17 1
6. — ≤ 7. 1— > 8. 0.75 ≥
2 2
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6.1 Integers
How can you represent numbers that are

less than 0?
1 ACTIVITY: Reading Thermometers

Work with a partner. The thermometers show the temperatures in four cities.
Honolulu, Hawaii Anchorage, Alaska
Death Valley, California Seattle, Washington
Write each temperature. Then match each temperature with its most
appropriate location.
a. b. c. d.
îF îF îF îF
120 120 120 120
100 100 100 100
80 80 80 80
60 60 60 60
40 40 40 40
20 20 20 20
0 0 0 0
Ź20 Ź20 Ź20 Ź20
Ź40 Ź40 Ź40 Ź40
e. How would you describe all the temperatures in relation to 0°F?
2 ACTIVITY: Describing a Temperature

Integers Work with a partner. The thermometer shows the coldest îF
In this lesson, you will
● understand positive
temperature ever recorded in Seattle, Washington. 120
and negative integers 100

and use them to describe
a. What is the temperature?
real-life situations. b. How do you write temperatures that are colder than this? 80
● graph integers on a
60
number line. c. Suppose the record for the coldest temperature in
Seattle is broken by 10 degrees. What is the new coldest 40
temperature? Draw a thermometer that shows the new 20

coldest temperature.
0
d. How is the new coldest temperature different from the
Ź20
temperatures in Activity 1?
Ź40
248 Chapter 6 Integers and the Coordinate Plane
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3 ACTIVITY: Extending the System of Whole Numbers
Work with a partner.
Math
Practice a. Copy and complete the number line using whole numbers only.
Maintain
Oversight
How does this
activity help you 0
represent numbers
less than 0?
b. Fold the paper with your number line around 0 so that the lines overlap.
Make tick marks on the other side of the number line to match the tick
marks for the whole numbers.
c. STRUCTURE Compare this number line to the thermometers from

Activities 1 and 2. What do you think the new tick marks represent?
How would you label them?
4. IN YOUR OWN WORDS How can you represent numbers that are less than 0?
5. Describe another real-life example that

îF îF
uses numbers that are less than 0. 120 120
6. REASONING How are the temperatures 100 100

shown by the thermometers at the right 80 80
similar? How are they different?
60 60
7. WRITING The temperature in a town on 40 40
Thursday evening is 25°F. On Sunday
20 20
morning, the temperature drops below 0°F.
Write a story to describe what may have 0 0
happened in the town. Be sure to include Ź20 Ź20
the temperatures for each day. Ź40 Ź40
Use what you learned about positive and negative numbers to

complete Exercises 4−7 on page 252.
Section 6.1 Integers 249

6.1 Lesson
Lesson Tutorials
Positive numbers are greater than 0. They can be written with or without a
Key Vocabulary positive sign (+).
positive numbers,
+1 5 +20 10,000
p. 250
negative numbers, Negative numbers are less than 0. They are written with a negative sign (−).
p. 250 −1 −5 −20 −10,000
opposites, p. 250
integers, p. 250
Two numbers that are the same distance from 0 on a number line, but on
opposite sides of 0, are called opposites. The opposite of 0 is 0.
Integers
Words Integers are the set of whole numbers and their opposites.
Graph opposites
Opposite
When you sit across
from your friend at Ź5 ź4 Ź3 Ź2 Ź1 0 1 2 3 4 5
negative integers positive integers
the lunch table,
you sit opposite Zero is neither negative nor positive.
your friend.
EXAMPLE 1 Writing Positive and Negative Integers

Write a positive or negative integer that represents the situation.
a. A contestant gains 250 points on a game show.
Gains indicates a number greater than 0. So, use a positive integer.
+250, or 250
b. Gasoline freezes at 40 degrees below zero.

Below zero indicates a number less than 0. So, use a negative
integer.
−40

Exercises 8–13 1. A hiker climbs 900 feet up a mountain.
2. You have a debt of $24.
3. A student loses 5 points for being late to class.
4. A savings account earns $10.

EXAMPLE 2 Graphing Integers
Graph each integer and its opposite.
a. 3
Graph 3.
Ź5 Ź4 Ź3 Ź2 Ź1 0 1 2 3 4 5
Ź3 is the same distance from 0 as 3.

Reading
You can think of the
b. −2 Graph Ź2.
negative sign (−) as
referring to the
opposite of a number.
Ź5 Ź4 Ź3 Ź2 Ź1 0 1 2 3 4 5
In Example 2(b), you
can read −2 as “the
opposite of 2.” 2 is the same distance from 0 as Ź2.
EXAMPLE 3 Real-Life Application

You deliver flowers to an office building. You enter at ground level and
Y
go down 2 floors to make the first delivery. Then you go up 7 floors to
g
make
m the second delivery.
a. Write an integer that represents each position.
a
Position Integer
You enter at ground level. 0
You go down 2 floors. −2
You go up 7 floors. +7
6 You go up seven
b.
b Write an integer that represents floors (à7).
how you return to ground level. 5
4
Use a number line to model your
3
movement, as shown.
2
The second delivery is on the fifth 1
floor. You must go down 5 floors You enter at
0
to return to ground level. ground level.
Ź1
The integer representing Ź2
“down 5 floors” is −5. Ź3
You go down
two floors (Ź2).
Graph the integer and its opposite.

Exercises 16–23 5. 6 6. −4 7. −12 8. 1
9. WHAT IF? In Example 3, you go up 9 floors to make the
second delivery. Write an integer that represents how you
return to ground level.

6.1 Exercises
Help with Homework
1. VOCABULARY Which of the following numbers are integers?

1
8, −4.1, −9, —, 1.75, 22
6
2. OPEN-ENDED Describe a real-life example that you can represent by −1200.

3. VOCABULARY List three words or phrases used in real life that indicate
negative numbers.
6)=3
9+(- 3)=
3+(- 9)=
4+(- =
1)
9+(-
Graph the number that represents the situation on a number line.

4. A football team loses 3 yards. 5. The temperature is 6 degrees below zero.
6. A person climbs 600 feet up a mountain. 7. You earn $15 raking leaves.

1 8. You withdraw $42 from an account. 9. An airplane climbs to 37,500 feet.
10. The temperature rises 17 degrees. 11. You lose 56 points in a video game.
12. A ball falls 350 centimeters. 13. You receive 5 bonus points in class.
14. STOCK MARKET A stock market gains 83 points. The next day, the stock
market loses 47 points. Write each amount as an integer.
15. SCUBA DIVING The world record for scuba diving is 318 meters below sea
level. Write this as an integer.

2 16. −5 17. −8 18. 14 19. 9
20. 30 21. −150 22. −32 23. 400
24. ERROR ANALYSIS Describe and correct the error in describing

positive integers.
✗ The positive integers are 0, 1, 2, 3, . . ..
25. TEMPERATURE The highest temperature in February is 25°F. The lowest

temperature in February is the opposite of the highest temperature. Graph
both temperatures.

Identify the integer represented by the point on the number line.
26. A 27. B 28. C 29. D
C B A D
Ź20 Ź18 Ź16 Ź14 Ź12 Ź10 Ź8 Ź6 Ź4 Ź2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
30. TIDES Use the information below.

● Low tide is 1 foot below the average
water level.
● High tide is 5 feet higher than
low tide.
Write an integer that represents the
average water level relative to high tide.
31. REPEATED REASONING Choose any positive integer.

a. Find the opposite of the integer. b. Find the opposite of the integer in part (a).
c. What can you conclude about the opposite of the opposite of the integer?
Is this true for all integers? Use a number line to justify your answer.
d. Describe the meaning of −(−(−6)). Find its value.
32. In a game of tug-of-war, a team wins by pulling the flag

over its goal line. The flag begins at 0. During a game, the flag moves
8 feet to the right, 12 feet to the left, and 13 feet back to the right. Did a
team win? Explain.
Goal line
Goal line
Ź25 Ź20 Ź15 Ź10 Ź5 0 5 10 15 20 25
Order the numbers from least to greatest. (Skills Review Handbook)

7 1 3 3
33. —, —, —, — 34. 4.5, 4.316, 4.32, 4.312
8 2 8 4
35. MULTIPLE CHOICE The height of a statue is 276 inches. What is the height of the
statue in meters? Round your answer to the nearest hundredth. (Section 5.7)
A 1.09 m
○ B 7.01 m
○ C 108.66 m
○ D 701.04 m
○

6.2 Comparing and Ordering Integers
How can you use a number line

to order real-life events?
1 ACTIVITY: Seconds to Takeoff

Work with a partner. You are listening
to a command center before the liftoff
of a rocket.
You hear the following:
“T minus 10 seconds . . . go for main
engine start . . . T minus 9 . . . 8 . . .
7...6...5...4...3... 2...1...
we have liftoff.”
Rocket clears Launch Main engine start

launchpad tower verification
16 seconds before 3 seconds before
6 seconds after liftoff liftoff liftoff
Rocket topping Launch control Boosters ignite

sequence complete system enabled
Integers 110 seconds before 90 seconds before

In this lesson, you will liftoff liftoff Liftoff
● use a number line
to compare positive
and negative integers.
● use a number line to
order positive and

negative integers a. Draw a number line. Then locate the events shown above at appropriate
for real-life situations.
points on the number line.
b. Which event occurs at zero on your number line? Explain.
c. Which of the events occurs first? Which of the events occurs last?
How do you know?
d. List the events in the order they occurred.

2 ACTIVITY: Being Careful with Terminology
a. Use a number line to show that the phrase “3 seconds away from liftoff”
can have two meanings.
b. Reword the phrase “3 seconds away from liftoff” in two ways so that each
meaning is absolutely clear.
c. Explain why you must be very careful with terminology if you are working
in the command center for a rocket launch.
3 ACTIVITY: A Day in the Life of an Astronaut

Make a time line that shows a day
Math in the life of an astronaut. Use the
Practice Internet or another reference source
Recognize the
to gather information.
Usefulness of
Tools
● Use a number line with units
Which sources
would give you representing hours. Start at 12 hours
the most accurate before liftoff and end at 12 hours
information? How after liftoff. Locate the liftoff at 0.
do you know Assume liftoff occurs at noon.
you can trust
the information ● Include at least five events before
you find? liftoff, such as when the astronauts
suit up.
● Include at least five events after liftoff, such as when the rocket enters
Earth’s orbit.
● How do you determine where each event occurs on the number line?
4. IN YOUR OWN WORDS How can you use a number line to order
real-life events?
5. Describe how you can use a number line to create a time line.
Use what you learned about number lines to complete

Exercises 4 –7 on page 258.
Section 6.2 Comparing and Ordering Integers 255

6.2 Lesson
Lesson Tutorials
On a horizontal number line, numbers to the left are less than numbers to
the right. Numbers to the right are greater than numbers to the left.
EXAMPLE 1 Comparing Integers on a Horizontal Number Line
Compare 2 and −6.
Graph Ź6. Graph 2.
Ź7 Ź6 Ź5 Ź4 Ź3 Ź2 Ź1 0 1 2 3
2 is to the right of −6. So, 2 > −6.
On a vertical number line, numbers below are less than numbers above.
Numbers above are greater than numbers below.
EXAMPLE 2 Comparing Integers on a Vertical Number Line
Compare −5 and −3.

0
Ź1
Graph Ź3.
−5 is below −3. So, −5 < −3. Ź2
Ź3
Ź4
Ź5
Ź6
Graph Ź5.
Copy and complete the statement using < or >.

Exercises 4 – 11
1. 0 −4 2. −5 5 3. −8 −7
EXAMPLE 3 Ordering Integers
Order −4, 3, 0, −1, −2 from least to greatest.

Graph each integer on a number line.
Ź5 Ź4 Ź3 Ź2 Ź1 0 1 2 3 4 5
Write the integers as they appear on the number line from left to right.
So, the order from least to greatest is −4, −2, −1, 0, 3.

EXAMPLE 4 Reasoning with Integers
A number is greater than −8 and less than 0. What is the greatest

possible integer value of this number?
A −10
○ B −7
○ C −1
○ D 2
○
The number is greater than −8 and less than 0. So, the number must be
Study Tip to the right of −8 and to the left of 0 on a horizontal number line.
In Example 4, you can The number is
eliminate Choices A and between Ź8 and 0.
D because –10 is to the
left of –8 and 2 is to
Ź10 Ź9 Ź8 Ź7 Ź6 Ź5 Ź4 Ź3 Ź2 Ź1 0 1 2
the right of 0.
The greatest possible integer value between −8 and 0 is the integer
farthest to the right on the number line between these values, which
is −1.
C.
So, the correct answer is ○
Wallops The diagram shows the coldest

0 Wallops
Island recorded temperatures for Island: 0íF
Ź1 several cities in Virginia. Richmond:
Lynchburg: Ź12íF
a. Which city has the Ź10íF
Ź2
coldest recorded Roanoke: Ź11íF
Ź3 Norfolk
temperature? Norfolk: Ź3íF
Ź4
Graph each integer on a vertical number line.
Ź5
Ź6 −12 is the lowest on the number line. So, Richmond

has the coldest recorded temperature.
Ź7
Ź8 b. Has a negative Fahrenheit temperature ever been recorded on

Wallops Island? Explain.
Ź9
Ź10 Lynchburg The coldest recorded temperature on Wallops Island is 0°F,

which is greater than every negative temperature. So, a negative
Ź11 Roanoke
temperature has never been recorded on Wallops Island.
Ź12 Richmond
Order the integers from least to greatest.

Exercises 14–19 4. −2, −3, 3, 1, −1 5. 4, −7, −8, 6, 1
and 22
6. In Example 4, what is the least possible integer value of
the number?
7. In Example 5, Norfolk recorded a new record low last night.
The new record low is greater than the record low in Lynchburg.
What integers can represent the new record low in Norfolk?

6.2 Exercises
Help with Homework
1. WRITING Explain how to use a number

line to compare two integers.
8 in.
2. REASONING The positions of four fish
are shown. Ź4 in. Ź6 in.
a. Use red, blue, yellow, and green dots
to graph the positions of the fish on a
horizontal number line and a vertical
number line.
b. Explain how to use the number lines
from part (a) to order the positions
from least to greatest.
3. NUMBER SENSE a and b are negative integers.
Compare a and b. Explain your reasoning. a b
6)=3
9+(- 3)=
3+(- 9)=
4+(- =
1)
9+(-

1 2 4. 3 0 5. −2 0 6. 6 −6 7. 3 −4
8. −1 4 9. −7 −8 10. −3 −2 11. −5 −10
ERROR ANALYSIS Describe and correct the error in comparing the negative numbers.
12.
✗ Compare −3 and −1.
3 > 1. So, −3 > −1.
13.
✗ Compare −7 and −3.
Because −7 < −3, −7 is to the
right of −3 on a number line.

3 14. 0, −1, 2, 3, −3 15. −4, −2, −3, 2, 1 16. −2, 3, −3, −4, 4
17. −7, 2, 6, −4, 3 18. 10, −10, 30, −30, −50 19. −5, 15, −10, −20, 25
Ground Level 20. ARCHAEOLOGY An archaeologist discovers the

two artifacts shown.
a. What integer represents ground level?
ź38 cm
b. A dinosaur bone is found 42 centimeters below
ź44 cm ground level. Is it deeper than both of the artifacts?
21. TEMPERATURE The freezing temperature of nitrogen

is −210°C, and the freezing temperature of oxygen is
−223°C. Which temperature is colder?

4 22. REASONING A number is between −2 and −10. What is the least possible
integer value of this number? What is the greatest possible integer value of
this number?
Tell whether the statement is always,

sometimes, or never true. Explain.
23. A positive integer is greater than
its opposite.
24. An integer is less than its opposite
and greater than 0.
25. ELEVATION The table shows the highest Highest Lowest

and lowest elevations for five states. State
Elevation (feet) Elevation (feet)
a. Order the states by their highest Arkansas 2,753 55
elevations, from least to greatest. California 14,494 −282
b. Order the states by their lowest Florida 345 0
elevations, from least to greatest. Louisiana 535 −8
c. What does the lowest elevation for Tennessee 6,643 178
Florida represent?
26. NUMBER LINE Point A is on a number line halfway between −17 and 5. Point
B is halfway between point A and 0. What integer does point B represent?
27. TEMPERATURE Eleven Fahrenheit temperatures are shown on a map during

a weather report. When the temperatures are ordered from least to greatest,
the middle temperature is below 0°F. Do you know exactly how many of the
temperatures are represented by negative numbers? Explain.
28. Nine students choose integers. Here are seven of them:

5, −8, 10, −1, −12, −20, and 1.
a. When all nine integers are ordered from least to greatest, the middle
integer is 1. Describe the integers chosen by the other two students.
b. When all nine integers are ordered from least to greatest, the middle
integer is –3. Describe the integers chosen by the other two students.
Graph the decimal on a number line. (Skills Review Handbook)

29. 2.4 30. 1.3 31. 0.65 32. 2.45
33. MULTIPLE CHOICE What is the area 9 ft

of the trapezoid? (Section 4.3)
4.2 ft
A 6.3 ft2
○ B 44.1 ft2
○
C 50.4 ft2
○ D 88.2 ft2
○ 12 ft

Fractions and Decimals
6.3
on the Number Line
How can you use a number line to compare

positive and negative fractions and decimals?
1 ACTIVITY: Locating Fractions on a Number Line

On your time line for “A Day in Liftoff
the Life of an Astronaut” from
Activity 3 in Section 6.2, include Ź3 Ź2 Ź1 0 1 2 3
the following events. Represent Noon

each using a fraction or a
mixed number.
a. Radio Transmission: 10:30 a.m. b. Space Walk: 7:30 p.m.
c. Physical Exam: 4:45 a.m. d. Photograph Taken: 3:15 a.m.
Fractions and Decimals

● understand positive
and negative numbers e. Float in the Cabin: 6:20 p.m. f. Eat Dinner: 8:40 p.m.
and use them to describe
real-life situations.
● graph numbers on a
number line.

2 ACTIVITY: Fractions and Decimals on a Number Line
Work with a partner. Find a number that is between the two numbers.
Math The number must be greater than the green number and less than the
Practice blue number.
Make a Plan
How can you find a. Ź
2
Ź
1
a number between 3 3
two given numbers?
Ź3 Ź2 Ź1 0 1 2 3
b. Ź1.75 Ź1.5
Ź3 Ź2 Ź1 0 1 2 3
c. 1 1
Ź2 Ź2
2 3
Ź3 Ź2 Ź1 0 1 2 3
3 ACTIVITY: Decimals on a Number Line

Snorkeling: Scuba diving: Deep-sea diving:
−5 meters −50 meters −700 meters
a. Write the position of each diver in kilometers.

b. CHOOSE TOOLS Would a horizontal or a vertical
number line be more appropriate for representing
these data? Why?
c. Use a number line to order the positions from deepest to shallowest.
4. IN YOUR OWN WORDS How can you use a number line to compare positive
and negative fractions and decimals?
5. Draw a number line. Graph and label three values between −2 and −1.
Use what you learned about fractions and decimals on a number

line to complete Exercises 4 and 5 on page 264.
Section 6.3 Fractions and Decimals on the Number Line 261

6.3 Lesson
Lesson Tutorials
In Section 6.1, you learned that integers can be negative. Fractions and
decimals can also be negative.
EXAMPLE 1 Graphing Negative Fractions and Decimals

Graph each number and its opposite.
3
a. — 3
4 Graph .
4
1 Ź1 3 1 1 0 1 1 3 1 1
Ź1 Ź Ź Ź 1
4 4 2 4 4 2 4 4
3 3
Ź is the same distance from 0 as .
4 4
b. −1.6 Graph Ź1.6.
Ź2.0 Ź1.6 Ź1.2 Ź0.8 Ź0.4 0 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 2.0
1.6 is the same distance from 0 as Ź1.6.
Graph the number and its opposite.

Exercises 6–9 1 4
1. 2 — 2. −— 3. −3.5 4. 5.25
2 5
EXAMPLE 2 Comparing Fractions and Mixed Numbers

1 3 5 1
a. Compare − — and − — . b. Compare −4 — and −4 —.
2 4 6 6
3 1 5 1
Graph Ź . Graph Ź . Graph Ź4 . Graph Ź4 .
4 2 6 6
Ź1 3 1 1 0 Ź5 5 4 3 2 1 Ź4
Ź Ź Ź Ź4 Ź4 Ź4 Ź4 Ź4
4 2 4 6 6 6 6 6
1 3 5 1
−— is to the right of −—. −4 — is to the left of −4 —.
2 4 6 6
1 3 5 1
So, −— > −—. So, −4 — < −4 —.
2 4 6 6

EXAMPLE 3 Comparing Decimals
Compare −3.08 and −3.8.
Graph Ź3.8. Graph Ź3.08.
Ź4 Ź3.9 Ź3.8 Ź3.7 Ź3.6 Ź3.5 Ź3.4 Ź3.3 Ź3.2 Ź3.1 Ź3
−3.08 is to the right of −3.8.

So, −3.08 > −3.8.

A Chinook wind is a warm mountain wind that can cause rapid
temperature changes. The table shows three of the greatest
temperature drops ever recorded after a Chinook wind occurred.
On which date did the temperature drop the fastest? Explain.
Temperature
Date
Change
1
DISSIPATING CLOUDS
January 10, 1911 −3 — °F per minute
10
14,000 ft
5
November 10, 1911 −— °F per minute
8
1
January 22, 1943 −2 — °F per minute
3000 ft CLEAR AND DRY 5
Graph the numbers on a number line.

1 1 5
Ź3 Ź2 Ź
10 5 8
1 Ź3 1 Ź2 1 Ź1 1 0
Ź3 Ź2 Ź1 Ź
2 2 2 2
1
−3 — is farthest to the left.
10
So, the temperature dropped the fastest on January 10, 1911.

Exercises 10–18 4 1 2 5
and 20–23 5. −— −— 6. −1— −1— 7. −0.5 0.3
7 7 3 6
2
8. WHAT IF? In Example 4, a temperature change of −3— °F per minute
5
is recorded. How does this temperature change compare with the
other temperature changes? Explain.

6.3 Exercises
Help with Homework
1. NUMBER SENSE Which statement is not true?

1 2
a. On a number line, −2 — is to the left of −2 —.
6 3
2 1
b. −2 — is less than −2 —.
3 6
1 2
c. −2 — is greater than −2 —.
6 3
2 1
d. On a number line, −2 — is to the left of −2 —.
3 6
2. NUMBER SENSE Is a negative decimal always, sometimes, or never equal to a
positive decimal? Explain.
3. NUMBER SENSE On a number line, is −2.06 or −2.6 farther to the left?
6)=3
9+(- 3)=
3+(- 9)=
4+(- =
1)
9+(-
Find a fraction or mixed number that is between the two numbers.

4. Ź
3
Ź
1 5. Ź2
2
Ź2
1
4 3 5 10
Ź3 Ź2 Ź1 0 1 2 3 Ź3 Ź2 Ź1 0 1 2 3

2 1
1 6. — 7. −2— 8. −3.8 9. 2.15
3 4

1 2 1 1 3 5
2 3 10. −3 — −3 — 11. −— −— 12. −— —
3 3 2 6 4 8
2 1 5 3
13. −2 — −2 — 14. −1— −1— 15. −4.6 −4.8
3 2 6 4
16. −0.12 −0.05 17. 2.41 −3.16 18. −3.524 −3.542
19. SAND DOLLARS In rough water, a small sand dollar

1
burrows −— centimeter into the sand. A larger sand
2
1
dollar burrows −1— centimeters into the sand. Which
4
sand dollar burrowed farther?

Order the numbers from least to greatest.
3 2 1 1 5 3
4 20. −2—, −2—, −2, −2—, −3 21. −—, −—, 0, −1, −—
10 5 2 20 8 4
22. 1.3, −2, −1.8, 0, −1.75 23. −4, −4.35, −4.9, −5, −4.3
24. STARS The apparent magnitude of a star measures how bright the star appears as seen
from Earth. The brighter the star, the lesser the number. Which star is the brightest?
Star Alpha Centauri Antares Canopus Deneb Sirius

Apparent Magnitude −0.27 0.96 −0.72 1.25 −1.46
25. LOW TIDE The daily water level is recorded for seven
TIDE STATION
straight days at a tide station on the Big Marco River in
Florida. On which days is the water level higher than on
ACOUSTIC
PIER SENSOR the previous day? On which days is it lower?
Day Sun. Mon. Tues. Wed. Thurs. Fri. Sat.

WAVES
PRESSURE Water Level
3 7 27 13 16 53 1
SENSOR
CURRENT
of the Day −— −— −— −— −— −— −—
25 20 50 20 25 100 3
(feet)
26. PROBLEM SOLVING A guitar tuner allows you to tune a guitar string to its
correct pitch. The units on a tuner are measured in cents. The units tell
you how far the string tone is above or below the correct pitch.
Guitar String 6 5 4 3 2 1
V I D E O
Number of Cents Away
−0.3 1.6 −2.3 2.8 2.4 −3.6
from the Correct Pitch
a. What number on the tuner represents a correctly tuned guitar string?

b. Which strings have a pitch below the correct pitch?
c. Which string has a pitch closest to its correct pitch?
d. Which string has a pitch farthest from its correct pitch?
e. The tuner is rated to be accurate to within 0.5 cent of the
true pitch. Which string could possibly be correct?
3 x
27. What integer values of x make the statement −— < −— true?
x 3
Graph the integer and its opposite. (Section 6.1)

28. −7 29. 40 30. 100 31. −15
32. MULTIPLE CHOICE You pay $48 for 8 pounds of chicken. Which is an
equivalent rate? (Section 5.3)
A $44 for 4 pounds
○ B $28 for 4 pounds
○
C $15 for 3 pounds
○ D $30 for 5 pounds
○
ms_2017_green_pe_0603.indd 265 7/20/16 9:38:25 AM

6 Study Help
Graphic Organizer
You can use a summary triangle to explain a concept. Here is an example of a summary
triangle for integers.
Integers
Definition: The set of

whole numbers and
their opposites
Visual:
−3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3
negative integers positive integers
Examples: − 5, − 2, 0, and 4 are integers.
Make summary triangles to help you

study these topics.
1. positive integers
2. negative integers
3. opposites
After you complete this chapter, make

summary triangles for the following topics.
4. absolute value
5. coordinate plane
6. origin “I’m posting my new summary triangle
on my daily blog. Do you think it will
7. quadrants get me more hits?”
ms_green pe_06mc.indd 266 1/28/15 2:37:36 PM

6.1– 6.3 Quiz
Progress Check
Write a positive or negative integer that represents the situation. (S

(Section
i 6.1))
1. The price of a stock goes up $2. 2. You descend 15 feet.
Graph the integer and its opposite. (Section 6.1)

3. 8 4. −3
Copy and complete the statement using < or >. (Section 6.2)
5. −5 0 6. −7 −9
Order the integers from least to greatest. (Section 6.2)

7. 3, −2, 0, −1, −5 8. −6, 5, 3, −8, 7
Graph the number and its opposite. (Section 6.3)

3
9. — 10. −1.4
5

(Section 6.3)
2 1
11. −2 — −2 — 12. −3.28 −3.72
5 4
13. ROLLER COASTER At the top of a roller coaster

hill, you are 210 feet above ground. At the bottom
of the hill, you are 15 feet above ground. Write an
integer that represents the change in height from
the top to the bottom. (Section 6.1)
14. PLANETS The table shows the average surface temperatures of four planets.
Which planet is the coldest? Explain. (Section 6.2)
Planet Jupiter Neptune Saturn Uranus

Temperature (°C) −150 −220 −180 −214
Day Change (dollars)

15. STOCK The table shows the changes in the value
of a stock over several days. Order the numbers 1 −0.42
from least to greatest. (Section 6.3) 2 0.26
3 −0.45
4 0.37
Sections 6.1–6.3 Quiz 267
ms_green pe_06mc.indd 267 1/28/15 2:37:43 PM

6.4 Absolute Value
How can you describe how far an object is

from sea level?
1 ACTIVITY: Sea Level

Work with a partner. Write an integer that represents the elevation of each
object. How far is each object from sea level? Explain your reasoning.
5000 meters
a. Boeing 747
4000 meters
3000 meters
2000 meters
b. Seaplane
1000 meters
c. Bald eagle
0 meters
d. Leatherback turtle
Ź1000 meters
e. U.S.S. Dolphin
Ź2000 meters
f. Whale
Ź3000 meters
g. Jason Jr. Ź4000 meters
Absolute Value h. Alvin

In this lesson, you will Ź5000 meters
● find the absolute value
of numbers.
● use absolute value to Ź6000 meters
compare numbers in
real-life situations.
Ź7000 meters
i. Kaiko
Ź8000 meters

2 ACTIVITY: Finding a Distance
Work with a partner. Use the diagram in Activity 1.
a. What integer represents sea level?
b. The vessel Kaiko ascends to the same depth as the U.S.S. Dolphin. About
how many meters did Kaiko travel? Explain how you found your answer.
c. The vessel Jason Jr. descends to the same depth as the Alvin. About how
many meters did Jason Jr. travel? Explain how you found your answer.
d. REASONING Which pairs of objects are the same distance from sea level?
How do you know?
e. REASONING An airplane is the same distance from sea level as the Kaiko.
How far is the airplane from sea level?
3 ACTIVITY: Oceanography Project

Work with a partner. Use the Internet or some other resource to write a report
Math that describes two ways in which mathematics is used in oceanography.
Practice
Use Technology Here are two possible ideas. You can use one or both of these, or you can use
to Explore other ideas.
How can you find
more information
on oceanography?
What information
is useful to
your report?
Diving Bell Mine Neutralization Vehicle
4. IN YOUR OWN WORDS How can you describe how far an object is from
sea level?
5. PRECISION In Activity 1, an object has an elevation of −7500 meters. Is
−7500 greater than or less than −7000? Does this object have a depth
greater than or less than 7000 meters? Explain your reasoning.
Use what you learned about elevation and sea level to complete
Exercises 4−6 on page 272.
Section 6.4 Absolute Value 269

6.4 Lesson
Lesson Tutorials
Key Vocabulary
absolute value, Absolute Value
p. 270
Words The absolute value of a number is the distance between
the number and 0 on a number line. The absolute value
of a number a is written as ∣ a ∣.
Numbers ∣ −2 ∣ = 2 ∣2∣=2
2 units 2 units
Ź3 Ź2 Ź1 0 1 2 3
EXAMPLE 1 Finding Absolute Value

a. Find the absolute value of 3.
Graph 3 on a number line.
Ź5 Ź4 Ź3 Ź2 Ź1 0 1 2 3 4 5
3
The distance between 3 and 0 is 3.
So, ∣ 3 ∣ = 3.
1
b. Find the absolute value of −2—.
2
1
Graph Ź2 2 on a number line.
Ź4 Ź3 Ź2 Ź1 0 1
1
2
2
1 1
The distance between Ź2 2 and 0 is 2 2 .
∣
So, −2— = 2—.
1
2
∣ 1
2
Find the absolute value.

Exercises 7–14 1. ∣8∣ 2. ∣ −6 ∣ 3. ∣0∣
4. ∣ ∣
1
—
4
5. ∣ −7 ∣ 1
—
3
6. ∣ −12.9 ∣

EXAMPLE 2 Comparing Values
Compare 2 and ∣ −5 ∣.
Graph 2 on a number line. Graph Ź5 â 5 on a number line.
Ź2 Ź1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
2 is to the left of Ź5 .

So, 2 < ∣ −5 ∣.
Copy and complete the statement using <, >, or =.

Exercises 17–22 7. ∣ −4 ∣ −2 8. −5 ∣5∣
9. ∣9∣ 10 10. 3.9 ∣ −3.9 ∣
Animal Elevation (ft) The table shows the elevations of several animals.
Th
60
Shark −4 a. Which animal is the deepest? Explain. Seagull: 56
50
Sea lion 5 Graph each elevation.
Seagull 56 40
Shrimp −65 The lowest elevation represents the animal 30

that is the deepest. The integer that is lowest
Turtle −22 20
on the number line is −65.
10
So, the shrimp is the deepest. Sea lion: 5
0
Shark: Ź4
Ź10
b. Is the shark or the sea lion closer to sea level?
Ź20 Turtle: Ź22
Because sea level is at 0 feet, use absolute values. Ź30
Shark: ∣ −4 ∣ = 4 Sea lion: ∣ 5 ∣ = 5 Ź40
Ź50
Because 4 is less than 5, the shark is closer
to sea level than the sea lion. Ź60
Shrimp: Ź65
Ź70
11. Is the seagull or the shrimp closer to sea level? Explain

your reasoning.

6.4 Exercises
Help with Homework
1. VOCABULARY Explain how to find the absolute value of an integer.

2. REASONING Which integer is greater, −50 or 25? Which has the greater
absolute value? Explain.
3. DIFFERENT WORDS, SAME QUESTION Which is different? Find “both” answers.
How far is −3 from 0? What integer is 3 units to the left of 0?
What is the absolute value of −3? What is the distance between −3 and 0?
6)=3
9+(- 3)=
3+(- 9)=
4+(- =
1)
9+(-
Use a vertical number line to graph the location of each object. Then tell
which object is farther from sea level.
4. Scuba diver: −15 m 5. Seagull: 12 m 6. Shark: −40 m
Dolphin: −22 m School of fish: −4 m Flag on a ship: 32 m

1 7. ∣ −2 ∣ 8. ∣ 23 ∣ 9. ∣ −8.35 ∣ 10. ∣ ∣
1
—
6
11. ∣ −3 ∣2
—
5
12. ∣ 11 ∣ 13. ∣ 14.06 ∣ 14. ∣ −68 ∣
15. REASONING Write two integers that have an absolute value of 10.
✗
16. ERROR ANALYSIS Describe and correct the
error in finding the absolute value. ∣ 14 ∣ = −14

2 17. 6 ∣ −8 ∣ 18. ∣ −3 ∣ 3 19. ∣ −5.5 ∣ ∣ −3.1 ∣
20. —
3
4
∣− ∣
2
—
5
21. ∣ −6.8 ∣ ∣ 8.25 ∣ 22. −12 ∣ 12 ∣
23. CAVES Three scientists explore a cave. Which scientist is farthest underground?
Scientist A: −48 ft Scientist B: −62 ft Scientist C: −53 ft
MATCHING Match the account balance with the debt that it represents.
Explain your reasoning.
24. account balance = −$25 25. account balance < −$25 26. account balance > −$25
A. debt > $25 B. debt = $25 C. debt < $25

Order the values from least to greatest.
27. 5, 0, ∣ −1 ∣, ∣ 4 ∣, −2 28. ∣ −3 ∣, ∣ 5 ∣, −3, −4, ∣ −4 ∣
29. 10, ∣ −6 ∣, 9, ∣ 3 ∣, −11, 0 30. −18, ∣ 30 ∣, −19, ∣ −22 ∣, −20, ∣ −18 ∣
Simplify the expression.
31. ∣0∣ 32. −∣ 6 ∣ 33. −∣ −1 ∣
34. ABSOLUTE ZERO The coldest possible temperature

is called absolute zero. It is represented by 0 K on
the Kelvin temperature scale.
a. Which temperature is closer to 0 K:
32°F or −50°C ?
b. What do absolute values and temperatures
on the Kelvin scale have in common?
Tell whether the statement is always, sometimes,
or never true. Explain.
35. The absolute value of a number is greater
than the number.
36. The absolute value of a negative number
is positive.
Fahrenheit 37. The absolute value of a positive number is
its opposite.
38. PALINDROME A palindrome is a word or sentence that reads the same
forward as it does backward.
a. Graph and label the following points on a number line: A = −2,
C = −1, E = 0, R = −3. Then graph and label the absolute value
of each point on the same number line.
b. What word do the letters spell? Is this a palindrome?
c. Make up your own palindrome.
39. Find values of x and y so that ∣ x ∣ < ∣ y ∣ and x > y.
Draw the polygon with the given vertices in a coordinate plane. (Section 4.4)
40. A(1, 1), B(3, 5), C(5, 0) 41. D(0, 6), E(2, 1), F(6, 3)
42. P(2, 1), Q(4, 4), R(8, 4), S(6, 1) 43. W(1, 6), X(9, 6), Y(9, 1), Z(4, 1)
44. MULTIPLE CHOICE Which expression represents “6 less than the product of
4 and a number x”? (Section 3.2)
6
A (6 − 4)x
○ B 6 − 4x
○ C
○ — D 4x − 6
○
4x

6.5 The Coordinate Plane
How can you graph and locate points that

contain negative numbers in a coordinate plane?
You have already graphed points and polygons in one part of the coordinate
plane. In Activity 1, you will form the entire coordinate plane.
1 ACTIVITY: Forming the Entire Coordinate Plane

a. In the middle of a sheet of grid paper, construct a horizontal number line
as shown. Label the tick marks. On a different sheet of grid paper, construct
and label a similar vertical number line.
b. Cut out the vertical number line and tape it on top of the horizontal
number line so that the zeros overlap. Make sure the number lines
are perpendicular to one another. How many regions did you form by
doing this?
c. REASONING What ordered pair represents the point where the number
lines intersect? Why do you think this point is called the origin? Explain.
2 ACTIVITY: Describing Points in the Coordinate Plane

Work with a partner. Use your perpendicular number lines from Activity 1.
a. Plot and label (3, 2) on your coordinate plane. Shade this region in your
Coordinate Plane
coordinate plane. What do you notice about the integers along the number
● describe the locations lines that surround (3, 2)?
of points in the
coordinate plane.
b. Can you plot a point in your coordinate plane so that it is surrounded by
● plot points in the negative numbers on the axes? If so, where is this point? Use a different
coordinate plane given color to shade this region in your coordinate plane.
ordered pairs.
● find distances c. What do you notice about the integers along the number lines for points
between points in the in the regions that are not shaded?
coordinate plane.
d. STRUCTURE Describe how you would plot (−3, −2). How is plotting this
point similar to plotting (3, 2)? Plot (−3, −2) in your coordinate plane.
e. REASONING Where in your coordinate plane do you plot (2, −4)? Where
do you plot (−2, 4)? Explain your reasoning.

3 ACTIVITY: Plotting Points in a Coordinate Plane
Work with a partner. Plot and connect the points to make a picture.
Math Describe and color the picture when you are done.
Practice
Check Progress 1(6, 9) 2(4, 11) 3(2, 12) 4(0, 11) 5(−2, 9)
How can you check 6(−6, 2) 7(−9, 1) 8(−11, −3) 9(−7, 0) 10(−5, −1)
your progress to
make sure you are
11(−5, −5) 12(−4, −8) 13(−6, −10) 14(−3, −9) 15(−3, −10)
accurately drawing 16(−4, −11) 17(−4, −12) 18(−3, −11) 19(−2, −12) 20(−2, −11)
the picture?
21(−1, −12) 22(−1, −11) 23(−2, −10) 24(−2, −9) 25(1, −9)
26(2, −8) 27(2, −10) 28(1, −11) 29(1, −12) 30(2, −11)
31(3, −12) 32(3, −11) 33(4, −12) 34(4, −11) 35(3, −10)
36(3, −8) 37(4, −6) 38(6, 0) 39(9, −3) 40(9, −1)
41(8, 1) 42(5, 3) 43(3, 6) 44(3, 7) 45(4, 8)
y
12
10
Ź12 Ź10 Ź8 Ź6 Ź4 O 2 4 6 8 10 x
Ź2
Ź4
Ź6
Ź8
Ź10
Ź12
4. IN YOUR OWN WORDS How can you graph and locate points that
contain negative numbers in a coordinate plane?
5. Make up your own “dot-to-dot” picture. Use at least 20 points.
Your picture should have at least two points in each region of the
coordinate plane.
Use what you learned about the coordinate plane to complete

Exercise 4 on page 279.
Section 6.5 The Coordinate Plane 275

6.5 Lesson
Lesson Tutorials
Previously, you plotted points with positive coordinates. Now you will plot
Key Vocabulary points with positive and negative coordinates.
coordinate plane,
p. 276
origin, p. 276
quadrants, p. 276
The Coordinate Plane
A coordinate plane is formed by the intersection of a horizontal
number line and a vertical number line. The number lines intersect
at the origin and separate the coordinate plane into four regions
called quadrants.
y
5
Quadrant II Quadrant I
4
3
2
x-axis y-axis
1
Ź5 Ź4 Ź3 Ź2 O 1 2 3 4 5 x
The origin is
Ź2
Ź3
at (0, 0).
Ź4
Quadrant III Quadrant IV
Ź5
An ordered pair is used to locate a point in a coordinate plane.

ordered pair: (4, −2)
x-coordinate y-coordinate
EXAMPLE 1 Identifying an Ordered Pair

Which ordered pair corresponds to point T ?
y
A
○ (−3, −3) B
○ (−3, 3) 4
P
C
○ (3, −3) D
○ (3, 3) 3
S
2
1
Point T is 3 units to the right of the origin Q 3
and 3 units down. So, the x-coordinate is Ź4 Ź3 Ź2 O 1 2 4 x
3 and the y-coordinate is −3. Ź2
Ź3
Ź3
R T
The ordered pair (3, −3) corresponds
C .
to point T. The correct answer is ○
Use the graph in Example 1 to write an ordered pair corresponding

Exercises 5 –14 to the point.
1. Point P 2. Point Q 3. Point R 4. Point S

EXAMPLE 2 Plotting Ordered Pairs
4
y Plot (a) (−2, 3) and (b) (0, −3.5) in a coordinate plane. Describe the
(Ź2, 3) location of each point.
3
2 a. Start at the origin. Move 2 units left and 3 units up. Then plot
3
1
Ź2 the point.
Ź4 Ź3 Ź2 O 1 2 3 4 x
The point is in Quadrant II.
Ź2 Ź3.5
Ź3 b. Start at the origin. Move 3.5 units down. Then plot the point.
(0, Ź3.5)
Ź4
The point is on the y-axis.
Plot the ordered pair in a coordinate plane. Describe the location

Exercises 15–22 of the point.
5. (3, −1) 6. (−5, 0) 7. (−2.5, −1) 8. ( 1 1
−1—, —
2 2 )
EXAMPLE 3 Finding Distances in the Coordinate Plane
y An archaeologist divides an area using a coordinate plane in which
6
(Ź4, 5) (2, 5) each unit represents 1 meter. The corners of a secret chamber are
5
4
shown in the graph. What are the dimensions of the secret chamber?
3 The length of the chamber is the distance between (−4, 5) and (2, 5).
2 The width of the chamber is the distance between (2, 5) and (2, 1).
(2, 1)
1
(Ź4, 1) You can use absolute values to find the distances between the points.
Ź5 Ź4 Ź3 Ź2 O 1 2 3 x
Add the absolute values.

Ź4 2 Ź4 à 2 â4 à 2 â6
y
6
Reading
4
An archaeologist
3
studies ancient ruins 5
2
and objects to learn
about people and 1 Subtract the absolute values.
cultures. Ź5 Ź4 Ź3 Ź2 O 1 2 3 x 5 Ź 1 â5 Ź 1 â4
The secret chamber is 6 meters long and 4 meters wide.
9. In Example 3, the archaeologist finds a gold coin at (−1, 4), a silver

Exercises 25–30 coin at (−4, 2), and pottery at (−4, 4). How much closer is the
pottery to the silver coin than to the gold coin?

You can use line graphs to display data that is collected over a period of time.
Graphing and connecting the ordered pairs can show patterns or trends in
the data. This type of line graph is also called a time series graph.

A blizzard hits a town at midnight. The table shows the hourly
temperatures from midnight to 8:00 A.M.
Hours after
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Midnight, x
Temperature, y 7°F 5°F 3°F 0°F −1°F −4°F −5°F −2°F 2°F
a. Display the data in a line graph. Hourly Temperatures

y
Write the ordered pairs.
7 (0, 7)
Temperature (degrees Fahrenheit)

(0, 7) (1, 5) (2, 3) 6
(1, 5)
5
(3, 0) (4, –1) (5, −4) 4
(2, 3)
3
(6, −5) (7, −2) (8, 2) (8, 2)
2
Plot and label the ordered pairs. 1
(3, 0)
0
Then connect the ordered pairs 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 x
Ź1
with line segments. (4, Ź1)
Ź2
(7, Ź2)
Ź3
Ź4
(5, Ź4)
b. Make three observations Ź5
(6, Ź5)
Study Tip from the graph.
Hours after midnight
The observations given Three possible observations follow:
in Example 4(b) are ● The hourly temperatures decrease from midnight to 6:00 a.m.
sample answers. You
can make many other ● The hourly temperatures increase from 6:00 a.m. to 8:00 a.m.
correct observations.
● The greatest decrease in hourly temperatures from one hour to
the next is 3°F. This happens twice: from 2:00 a.m. to 3:00 a.m. and
from 4:00 a.m. to 5:00 a.m.
10. In Example 4, the blizzard hits another town at noon. The table
shows the hourly temperatures from noon to 6:00 p.m.
Hours after
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Noon
Temperature 6°F 7°F 5°F 1°F 1°F 0°F −3°F
a. Display the data in a line graph.

b. Make three observations from the graph.

6.5 Exercises
Help with Homework
1. VOCABULARY How many quadrants are in a coordinate plane?

2. VOCABULARY Is the point (0, −7) on the x-axis or the y-axis?
3. WHICH ONE DOESN’T BELONG? Which point does not belong with the
other three? Explain your reasoning.
(−2, 1) (−4, 5) (2, −3) (−1, 3)
6)=3
9+(- 3)=
3+(- 9)=
4+(- =
1)
9+(-
4. Plot and connect the points to make a picture.

1(5, 0) 2(2, −3) 3(2, −2) 4(0, −2) 5(−3, −2)
6(−3, 0) 7(−3, 2) 8(0, 2) 9(2, 2) 10(2, 3)
Write an ordered pair corresponding to the point. C y

4
1 5. Point A 6. Point B 3
G D
2
7. Point C 8. Point D A
1
I
9. Point E 10. Point F Ź4 Ź3 Ź2 O 1 2 3 4 x
B E
11. Point G 12. Point H Ź2
Ź3
13. Point I 14. Point J H F J
Ź4
Plot the ordered pair in a coordinate plane. Describe the location of the point.
2 15. K(4, 3) 16. L(−1, 2) 17. M(0, −6) 18. N(3.5, −1.5)
19. P(2, −4) 20. R(−4, 1) ( ) 1

21. S 2 —, 0
2
22. T(−4, −5)
ERROR ANALYSIS Describe and correct the error in the solution.
✗ ✗
23. 24.
To plot (4, 5), start at (0, 0) To plot (−6, 3), start at (0, 0)
and move 5 units right and and move 6 units right and
4 units up. 3 units down.
Plot the points and find the distance between the points.
3 25. (2, −3), (6, −3) 26. (4, 2), (4, −1)
27. (−1, 1), (−1, 7) 28. (−5, −2), (4, −2)
29. (−3, 4), (5, 4) 30. (−2, −4), (−2, 1)

31. REASONING The coordinates of three vertices of a square y
3
are shown in the figure. What are the coordinates of the 2
fourth vertex? (3, 1)
1
Ź4 Ź3 Ź2 O 1 2 3 4 x
Draw the figure with the given vertices in a coordinate plane.
Find the perimeter and the area of the figure. Ź2
Ź3
32. D(1, 1), E(1, −2), F(−2, −2), G(−2, 1) (Ź2, Ź4)
Ź4
(3, Ź4)
33. P(−2, 3), Q(5, 3), R(5, −1), S(−2, −1)

34. W(−3, 2), X(2, 2), Y(2, −7), Z(−3, −7)
City Population
35. POPULATION The line graph shows the
population of a city from 2005 to 2013. y
150
(thousands)
Population
a. Estimate the population of the city 140
in 2012. 130
120
b. Between which two years did the 110
population increase the most? 0
2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 x
c. Estimate the total change in Year
population from 2005 to 2013.
36. MODELING The table shows the total miles run through 18 weeks for a
marathon training program.
Week 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Total Miles 22 46 72 96 124 151 181 211 244
Week 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Total Miles 279 317 357 397 437 473 506 530 544
a. Create a table for the distance run during each week of training.
b. Display the data from part (a) in a line graph.
c. Make three observations from the graph.
d. Explain the pattern shown in the graph.
37. PROFITS The table shows the profits of a company from 2007 to 2013.
Years since 2000, x 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Profit (millions of dollars), y 0.6 −0.2 −1.2 1.2 0.8 1 −0.6
a. Display the data in a line graph.

b. Make three observations from the graph.
c. What was the total profit from 2007 to 2013?
d. How could you include profits from the years 1990 to 2006 on your graph? Explain.
Describe the possible location(s) of the point (x, y).

38. x > 0, y > 0 39. x < 0, y < 0 40. x > 0, y < 0
41. x > 0 42. y < 0 43. x = 0, y = 0

Tell whether the statement is sometimes, always, or never true. Explain your reasoning.
44. The x-coordinate of a point on the x-axis is zero.
45. The y-coordinates of points in Quadrant III are positive.
46. The x-coordinate of a point in Quadrant II has the same sign as the
y-coordinate of a point in Quadrant IV.
ZOO In Exercises 47–51, use the map

of the zoo. y
3
47. Which exhibit is located at (2, 1)? Tickets
The
48. Name an attraction on the Outback Flamingo Reptiles
Wetland
Kayaking
Café
positive y-axis.
Ź8 Ź5 Ź3 Ź2 Ź1 1 2 3 4 7 x
49. Is parking available in
Quadrant II? If not, name a Safari
Ź2
Rain Forest
Africa
quadrant in which you can park. Ź3
50. Write two different ordered Eagles
pairs that represent the Ź5

location of the Rain Forest. Parking Parking
51. Which exhibit is closest to (−8, −3)?
52. NUMBER SENSE Name the ordered pair that is 5 units right and 2 units down
from (−3, 4).
53. OPEN-ENDED The vertices of triangle ABC are A(−6, −3) and B(2, −3). List four possible
coordinates of the third vertex so that the triangle has an area of 24 square units.
54. Your school is located at (2, −1), which is 2 blocks east and 1 block
south of the center of town. To get from your house to the school, you walk 5
blocks west and 2 blocks north.
a. What ordered pair corresponds to the location of your house?
b. Is your house or your school closer to the center of town? Explain.
c. You can only walk along streets that are north and south or streets that are
east and west. You are at the center of town and decide to take the shortest
path home that passes by the school. When you are at the school, what
percent of the walk home remains?
Write the phrase as an expression. (Section 3.2)

55. 4 less than a number y 56. the product of 18 and a number b
57. a number x increased by 9 58. a number w divided by 3
59. MULTIPLE CHOICE What is the ratio
of ducks to swans? (Section 5.1)
A 4:9
○ B 4:5
○
C 5:4
○ D 5:9
○

Extension R
Refl
e ecting Points in the
6.5 Coordinate
Co Plane Lesson Tutorials
You can reflect a point in the x-axis, in the y-axis, or in both axes.
The red points are mirror images of each other y (1, 3)
3
in the x-axis because the x-coordinates are the 2
same and the y-coordinates are opposites. So, (Ź4, 1) (4, 1)
1
the red points are 3 units from the x-axis in
Ź4 Ź3 Ź2 O 1 2 3 4 x
opposite directions. The red points represent
a reflection in the x-axis. Ź2
(1, Ź3)
Ź3
The blue points are mirror images of each other
in the y-axis because the y-coordinates are the same and the x-coordinates
are opposites. So, the blue points are 4 units from the y-axis in opposite
directions. The blue points represent a reflection in the y-axis.
Reflecting a Point in the Coordinate Plane

● To reflect a point in the x-axis, use the same x-coordinate and take
the opposite of the y-coordinate.
● To reflect a point in the y-axis, use the same y-coordinate and take
the opposite of the x-coordinate.
EXAMPLE 1 Reflecting Points in One Axis
a. Reflect (−2, 4) in the x-axis. (Ź2, 4) y

4
Plot (−2, 4). 3
2
To reflect (−2, 4) in the x-axis, use 1
the same x-coordinate, −2, and take
Ź4 Ź3 Ź2 O 1 2 3 4 x
the opposite of the y-coordinate.
The opposite of 4 is −4. Ź2
Ź3
(Ź2, Ź4)
So, the reflection of (−2, 4) in Ź4
the x-axis is (−2, −4).
b. Reflect (−3, −1) in the y-axis. y
4
Coordinate Plane Plot (−3, −1). 3
In this extension, you will To reflect (−3, −1) in the y-axis, use 2
● understand reflections 1
of points in the the same y-coordinate, −1, and take
coordinate plane. the opposite of the x-coordinate. Ź4 Ź3 Ź2 O 1 2 3 4 x
The opposite of −3 is 3. (Ź3, Ź1)

Ź2
(3, Ź1)
Ź3
So, the reflection of (−3, −1) in Ź4
the y-axis is (3, −1).
ms_green pe_0605b.indd 282 1/28/15 2:45:10 PM

EXAMPLE 2 Reflecting a Point in Both Axes
Reflect (2, 1) in the x-axis followed by the y-axis.
Step1: First, plot (2, 1). y

3
2
Step 2: Next, reflect (2, 1) in the x-axis. (2, 1)
1
Use the same x-coordinate, 2, and
Common Error take the opposite of the y-coordinate. Ź4 Ź3 Ź2 O 1 2 3 4 x
(2, Ź1)
The opposite of 1 is −1. Ź2
When reflecting a
Ź3
second time, be sure to The point (2, 1) reflected in the
use the reflected point x-axis is (2, −1).
and not the original
point.
Step 3: Finally, reflect (2, −1) in the y-axis. y
3
Use the same y-coordinate, −1, and
2
take the opposite of the x-coordinate. (2, 1)
1
The opposite of 2 is −2.
Ź4 Ź3 Ź2 O 1 2 3 4 x
The point (2, −1) reflected in the (Ź2, Ź1) (2, Ź1)
Ź2
y-axis is (−2, −1). Ź3
So, (2, 1) reflected in the x-axis followed

by the y-axis is (−2, −1).
Reflect the point in (a) the x-axis and (b) the y-axis.
1. (3, 2) 2. (−4, 4) 3. (−5, −6) 4. (4, −7)
5. (0, −1) 6. (−8, 0) 7. (2.5, 4.5) 8. ( 1

−5 —, 3
2 )
Reflect the point in the x-axis followed by the y-axis.
9. (4, 5) 10. (−1, 7)
11. (−2, −2) 12. (6.5, −10.5)
13. REASONING A point is reflected in the x-axis. The reflected point is (3, −9).
What is the original point? What is the distance between the points?
14. REASONING A point is reflected in the y-axis. The reflected point is (5.75, 0).
What is the original point? What is the distance between the points?
15. a. STRUCTURE In Exercises 9−12, reflect the point in the y-axis followed by the
x-axis. Do you get the same results? Explain.
b. LOGIC Make a conjecture about how to use the coordinates of a point to

find its reflection in both axes.
16. GEOMETRY The vertices of a triangle are (−1, 3), (−5, 3), and (−5, 7). How would you
reflect the triangle in the x-axis? in the y-axis? Give the coordinates of the reflected
triangle for each case.
Extension 6.5 Reflecting Points in the Coordinate Plane 283
ms_green pe_0605b.indd 283 1/28/15 2:45:15 PM

6.4–6.5 Quiz
Progress Check
Find the absolute value. (Section 6.4)

1. ∣ −12 ∣ 2. ∣4∣

(Section 6.4)
3. 5 ∣ −9 ∣ 4. ∣ −11 ∣ ∣ −10 ∣
Write an ordered pair corresponding to the point. y

4
(Section 6.5) 3
C
5. Point A 2
1
D
6. Point B Ź4 Ź3 Ź2 O 1 2 3 4 x
7. Point C Ź2
B
Ź3
8. Point D A
Ź4
(Section 6.5)
9. Q(2, 5) 10. R(1, −4) 11. S(−2.5, 3.5) 12. T 0, −1— ( 1

2 )
Reflect the point in (a) the x-axis and (b) the y-axis. (Section 6.5)
13. (1, 3) 14. (−2, 6)
Reflect the point in the x-axis followed by the y-axis. (Section 6.5)
15. (3, −2) 16. (−4, −5)
17. HIKING The table shows the elevations of several Checkpoint Elevation (feet)
checkpoints along a hiking trail. (Section 6.4)
1 110
a. Which checkpoint is farthest from sea level? 2 38
b. Which checkpoint is closest to sea level? 3 −24
c. Is Checkpoint 2 or Checkpoint 3 closer to 4 12
sea level? Explain. 5 −142
18. GEOMETRY The points A(−4, 2), B (1, 2), C (1, −1), and
D(−4, −1) are the vertices of a figure. (Section 6.5)
a. Draw the figure in a coordinate plane.

b. Find the perimeter of the figure.
c. Find the area of the figure.
ms_green pe_06ec.indd 284 1/28/15 2:36:42 PM

6 Chapter Review
Vocabulary Help
Review Key Vocabulary

positive numbers, p. 250 integers, p. 250 origin, p. 276
negative numbers, p. 250 absolute value, p. 270 quadrants, p. 276
opposites, p. 250 coordinate plane, p. 276
Review Examples and Exercises

6.1 Integers (pp. 248–253)
Write a positive or negative integer

to represent losing 150 points in a
pinball game.
“Lose” indicates a number less than 0.

So, use a negative integer.
−150

1. An elevator goes down 8 floors. 2. You earn $12.

3. −7 4. 13 5. 4 6. −100
6.2 Comparing and Ordering Integers (pp. 254–259)
Order −3, −4, 2, 0, −1 from least to greatest.
Graph each integer on a number line.
Ź5 Ź4 Ź3 Ź2 Ź1 0 1 2 3 4 5
Write the integers as they appear on the number line from left to right.
So, the order from least to greatest is −4, −3, −1, 0, 2.

7. −5, 4, 2, −3, −1 8. 5, −20, −10, 10, 15
9. Order the temperatures −3°C, 8°C, −12°C, −7°C, and 0°C from
coldest to warmest.
Chapter Review 285

6.3 Fractions and Decimals on the Number Line (pp. 260–265)
7 3
Compare −3 — and −3 —.
8 8
7 3
Graph Ź3 . Graph Ź3 .
8 8
Ź4 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Ź3
Ź3 Ź3 Ź3 Ź3 Ź3 Ź3 Ź3
8 8 8 8 8 8 8
7 3
−3 — is to the left of −3 —.
8 8
7 3
So, −3 — < −3 —.
8 8

2 3
10. −— 11. 1— 12. −1.2 13. 2.75
5 4
1 5 1 1
14. −2 — −2 — 15. −— −— 16. −3.27 −2.68
6 6 3 8
6.4 Absolute Value (pp. 268–273)
Find the absolute value of −3.
Graph Ź3 on a number line.
Ź5 Ź4 Ź3 Ź2 Ź1 0 1 2 3 4 5
3
The distance between Ź3 and 0 is 3.
So, ∣ −3 ∣ = 3.
17. ∣ −8 ∣ 18. ∣ 13 ∣ 19. ∣3 ∣6

—
7
20. ∣ −1.34 ∣
Copy and complete the statement using <, > , or =.
21. ∣ −2 ∣ 2 22. ∣ 4.4 ∣ ∣ −2.8 ∣ 23. ∣ ∣ ∣− ∣

1
—
6
2
—
9
ms_green pe_06ec.indd 286 5/25/16 10:09:33 AM

6.5 The Coordinate Plane (pp. 274–283)
a. Plot (−3, 0) and (4, −4) in a coordinate plane. Describe the location of
each point.
y
To plot (−3, 0), start at the origin. Move 3 units left. 2
Then plot the point. 1
(Ź3, 0) Ź3 4
To plot (4, −4), start at the origin. Move 4 units Ź4 Ź3 Ź2 O 1 2 3 x
right and 4 units down. Then plot the point. Ź2 Ź4
Ź3
The point (−3, 0) is on the x-axis.
Ź4
The point (4, −4) is in Quadrant IV. (4, Ź4)
b. Reflect (2, −3) in the x-axis.

Plot (2, −3). 3
y (2, 3)
To reflect (2, −3) in the x-axis, use the same 2

1
x-coordinate, 2, and take the opposite of the
y-coordinate. The opposite of −3 is 3. Ź4 Ź3 Ź2 O 1 2 3 4 x
So, the reflection of (2, −3) in the x-axis is Ź2

(2, Ź3)
Ź3
(2, 3).
c. Reflect (2, −3) in the y-axis.

Plot (2, −3). 3
y
To reflect (2, −3) in the y-axis, use the same 2

1
y-coordinate, −3, and take the opposite of the
x-coordinate. The opposite of 2 is −2. Ź4 Ź3 Ź2 O 1 2 3 4 x
So, the reflection of (2, −3) in the y-axis is (Ź2, Ź3)

Ź2
(2, Ź3)
Ź3
(−2, −3).
Plot the ordered pair in a coordinate plane. Describe the location

of the point.
24. A(1, 3) 25. B(0, −3)
26. C(−4, −2) 27. D(−1, 2)
Reflect the point in (a) the x-axis and (b) the y-axis.
28. (4, 1) 29. (−2, 3)
30. (2, −5) 31. (−3.5, −2.5)

32. (1, 2) 33. (−4, 6)
34. (3, −4) 35. (−3, −3)
Chapter Review 287

6 Chapter Test
Test Practice

1. 0, −2, 3, 1, −4 2. −8, −3, 5, 4, −5

3. 14 4. −40
1
5. −1 — 6. 1.75
3

7. ∣ −7 ∣ 8. ∣ −11 ∣
2 3
9. −— −— 10. 1.55 −2.46
3 5
11. ∣ −6 ∣ −3 12. −2.5 ∣ 2.5 ∣
13. J(4, 0) 14. K(−3, 5)
15. L(1.5, −3.5) 16. M(−2, −3)

17. (2, 4) 18. (−5, 1)
19. POOL A diver is on a springboard that is 3 meters above the

surface of a pool. Another diver is 2 meters below the surface
of the pool.
a. Write an integer for the position of each diver
relative to the surface of the pool. 3 meters
b. Find the absolute value of each integer.

2 meters
c. Who is farther from the surface of the pool?
20. OPEN-ENDED Two vertices of a triangle are F (1, −4) and

G(6, −4). List two possible coordinates of the third vertex
so that the triangle has an area of 20 square units.
21. MELTING POINT The table shows the melting points (in degrees Celsius) of
several elements. Compare the melting point of mercury to the melting point
of each of the other elements.
Element Mercury Radon Bromine Cesium Francium

Melting Point (°C) −38.83 −71 −7.2 28.5 27

6 Cumulative Assessment
Test-Takin
g Strateg
Read All y
1. What is the value of the expression below Choices B
efore Ans
when a = 6, b = 5, and c = 4? wering
8a − 3c + 5b
A. 11 C. 61
B. 53 D. 107
2. Point P is plotted in the coordinate

plane below.
P y
3 “Readin
g
2 can get all choices be
you a lo fo
t more y re answering
1 ummy tr
eats!”
Ź5 Ź4 Ź3 Ź2 O 1 2 3 4 5 x
Ź2
Ź3
Ź4
What are the coordinates of point P ?

F. (−5, −3) H. (−3, −5)
G. (−5, 3) I. (3, −5)
3. What is the value of the expression below?

1 1
4— ÷ 5—
8 2
4. Which list of numbers is in order from least to greatest?
A. 2, ∣ −3 ∣, ∣ 4 ∣, −6 C. −6, ∣ −3 ∣, 2, ∣ 4 ∣
B. −6, ∣ 4 ∣, 2, ∣ −3 ∣ D. −6, 2, ∣ −3 ∣, ∣ 4 ∣
4
5. Which percent is equivalent to — ?
5
F. 20% H. 80%
G. 45% I. 125%
Cumulative Assessment 289
ms_green pe_06sa.indd 289 1/28/15 2:38:10 PM

6. Which property is illustrated by the statement below?
4 + (6 + n) = (4 + 6) + n
A. Associative Property of Addition
B. Commutative Property of Addition
C. Associative Property of Multiplication
D. Distributive Property
7. You bought 0.875 kilogram of mixed nuts. What MIXED NUTS

was the total cost, in dollars, of the mixed nuts $6.72 per
kilogram
that you bought?
8. On Saturday, you earned $35 mowing lawns. This was x dollars more than
you earned on Thursday. Which expression represents the amount, in dollars,
you earned mowing lawns on Thursday?
F. 35x H. x − 35
G. x + 35 I. 35 − x
9. Helene was finding the percent of a number in the box below.
75% of 24 is what number?
3
75% of 24 = 24 ÷ —
4
= 32
What should Helene do to correct the error that she made?
A. Divide 24 by 75. C. Multiply 24 by 75.

3 3
B. Divide — by 24. D. Multiply 24 by —.
4 4

10. In the mural below, the squares that are painted red are marked with
the letter R.
R R R R R R
R R R R R R
R R R R R R
R R R R R R
R R R R R R
R R R R R R
R R R R R R
R R R R R R
What percent of the mural is painted red?
F. 24% H. 48%
G. 25% I. 50%
11. Use grid paper to complete the following.
Part A Draw an x-axis and a y-axis in the coordinate plane. Then plot
and label the point (2, −3).
Part B Plot and label four points that are 3 units away from (2, −3).
12. Which expression is equivalent to the expression below?
1
k ÷ 3—
3
⋅ 103
A. k — C. k ÷ —
3
10
⋅ 103
B. k — D. k ÷ —
7
3
Cumulative Assessment 291

Integers and The Coordinate Plane

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Integers and the

“Dear Sir: You asked me

ms_green pe_06co.indd 246 1/28/15 2:35:27 PM

Example 1 Use a number line to order 0.25, 1.15,

Use a number line to order the numbers from least to greatest.

Complete the number sentence with <, >, or =.

Complete the number sentence with <, >, or =.

Find three numbers that make the number sentence true.

ms_green pe_06co.indd 247 1/28/15 2:35:53 PM

How can you represent numbers that are

1 ACTIVITY: Reading Thermometers

100 100 100 100

Ź20 Ź20 Ź20 Ź20

Ź40 Ź40 Ź40 Ź40

e. How would you describe all the temperatures in relation to 0°F?

2 ACTIVITY: Describing a Temperature

and negative integers 100

temperature? Draw a thermometer that shows the new 20

248 Chapter 6 Integers and the Coordinate Plane

ms_green pe_0601.indd 248 1/28/15 2:40:06 PM

c. STRUCTURE Compare this number line to the thermometers from

5. Describe another real-life example that

6. REASONING How are the temperatures 100 100

happened in the town. Be sure to include Ź20 Ź20

the temperatures for each day. Ź40 Ź40

Use what you learned about positive and negative numbers to

Section 6.1 Integers 249

ms_green pe_0601.indd 249 1/28/15 2:40:25 PM

EXAMPLE 1 Writing Positive and Negative Integers

b. Gasoline freezes at 40 degrees below zero.

Write a positive or negative integer that represents the situation.

250 Chapter 6 Integers and the Coordinate Plane

ms_green pe_0601.indd 250 1/28/15 2:40:37 PM

Ź3 is the same distance from 0 as 3.

EXAMPLE 3 Real-Life Application

Graph the integer and its opposite.

Section 6.1 Integers 251

ms_green pe_0601.indd 251 1/28/15 2:40:41 PM

1. VOCABULARY Which of the following numbers are integers?

2. OPEN-ENDED Describe a real-life example that you can represent by −1200.

Graph the number that represents the situation on a number line.

Write a positive or negative integer that represents the situation.

Graph the integer and its opposite.

24. ERROR ANALYSIS Describe and correct the error in describing

✗ The positive integers are 0, 1, 2, 3, . . ..

25. TEMPERATURE The highest temperature in February is 25°F. The lowest

252 Chapter 6 Integers and the Coordinate Plane

ms_green pe_0601.indd 252 1/28/15 2:40:44 PM

Ź20 Ź18 Ź16 Ź14 Ź12 Ź10 Ź8 Ź6 Ź4 Ź2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

30. TIDES Use the information below.

31. REPEATED REASONING Choose any positive integer.

32. In a game of tug-of-war, a team wins by pulling the flag

Ź25 Ź20 Ź15 Ź10 Ź5 0 5 10 15 20 25

Order the numbers from least to greatest. (Skills Review Handbook)

Section 6.1 Integers 253

ms_green pe_0601.indd 253 1/28/15 2:40:45 PM

How can you use a number line

1 ACTIVITY: Seconds to Takeoff

Rocket clears Launch Main engine start

Rocket topping Launch control Boosters ignite

Integers 110 seconds before 90 seconds before

order positive and