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Social Science Comprehensive Exams 1-10 Answer Guides
Social Science Comprehensive Exams 1-10 Answer Guides
1. B After being elected to the presidency, Franklin D. Roosevelt 16. A The Immigration acts of the mid-1920s, described by some as
surrounded himself with the best and brightest advisors, which draconian in nature, started a decline in European
he referred to as the brain trust. [USSRG:44,2,1] immigration to the United States. [USSRG:8,1,2]
2. D In order to account for inflation in wages, the United Auto 17. C The first issue addressed by President Roosevelt after taking
Workers bargained with General Motors until the Treaty of office was the bank crisis. The day after his inauguration, he
Detroit was created to include a cost of living allowance in called for a national banking holiday until he could push
employee wages every year. [USSRG:92,1,1] through the Emergency Banking Act. [USSRG:45,2,1]
3. C The Home Owners Loan Corporations advised lenders not to 18. A After putting himself through high school and Stanford
make loans to neighborhoods marked with red on their maps, University, Herbert Hoover earned a fortune as a mining
which represented a high risk for defaulted loans. [USSRG:66,1,2] engineer overseas. [USSRG:34,1,1]
4. B As a part of his Great Society welfare program, President 19. D President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s court-packing plan was
Johnson introduced Medicare as a healthcare plan for the included in the Judicial Procedures Reform Act, which did not
elderly that was to be housed within Social Security. pass through Congress successfully. [USSRG:70,2,1]
[USSRG:94,1,2]
20. D The Smoot-Hawley Tariff was passed by Congress in an
5. A At the onset of the Depression, engineers and architects were attempt to protect domestic industries from foreign
the first professional occupations to suffer due to cutbacks in competition after the stock market crash of 1929. [USSRG:20,2,2]
construction and related capital. [USSRG:16,1,2]
21. E The Bonus Army, or the Bonus Expeditionary Force, marched
6. B The term G-Men, a shortened version of "government men," on Washington D.C. in 1932 to protest the decision to
was used by the public for the agents of the newly created withhold Veteran’s bonuses until the due date in 1945.
Federal Bureau of Investigation. [USSRG:33,1,1] [USSRG:36,1,2]
7. C The Federal Reserve System is made up of twelve district 22. B Desptie discovering her husband’s affair with Lucy Mercer in
banks that serve as lenders of last resort to other banks in time 1919, Eleanor Roosevelt remained devoted to him as a
of need. [USSRG:14,1,2] political partner and friend. [USSRG:41,1,2]
8. D During the Great Depression, couples refrained from marriage 23. C Outlawed by President Hoover’s Norris-LaGuardia Act of
and thus the birthrate decreased by 14% from 1929 to 1932. 1932, yellow-dog contracts were used by companies to force
[USSRG:29,1,1]
new employees to abstain from joining unions. [USSRG:8,2,2]
9. A The allied nations’ economic conference of 1944 was held in 24. E The growing public resentment of extensive welfare spending
the small town of Bretton Woods, New Hampshire. The and the endless demands of special interest groups led to local
conference decided to place the American dollar as the taxpayer revolts in the 1970s. [USSRG:97,2,1]
principal currency for world reserves and exchanges, thus
25. E The recovery of American production and unemployment to
insuring American economic dominance in the years to come.
[USSRG:88,1,1] pre-Depression levels was brought on by World War II.
[USSRG:82,1,1]
10. D The Scottsboro boys were a group of nine African American
26. C The Mississippi Flood of 1927 served as a sneak peek at the
youths that got in a fight with a group of young white boys on
ability of future President Hoover to respond to a national
a train, and were hastily sentenced to death by an all-white
crisis and highlighted the plight of poor southern blacks.
jury. [USSRG:28,2,2] [USSRG:28,1,2]
11. C In order to halt rampant overproduction, the Agricultural 27. E Due to its relative isolation from the global economy and lack
Adjustment Act and other similar legislation called for of reliance on trade with other countries, the Soviet Union
immediate reduction in cultivation that led to the destruction actually thrived during the 1930s. [USSRG:22,1,2]
of millions of acres of crops and millions of livestock. 28. E President Truman’s Fair Deal expanded on the ideals of the
[USSRG:48,1,1]
New Deal, and thus borrowed from its name to convey
12. C The idea held by President Roosevelt and his advisors that
Truman’s desire to continue the wave of reform that President
excess crop cultivation was lowering prices is known as
Roosevelt began. [USSRG:86,1,1]
overproduction. [USSRG:49,2,1]
29. B The National Recovery Agency was declared unconstitutional
13. C The idea of “trickle-down economics” is fundamental to the
by the Supreme Court as a result of the case of Schechter v.
supply side economics that motivated President Reagan’s tax
United States. [USSRG:58,1,2]
breaks in the 1980s. [USSRG:98,1,2]
30. E After a failed vice-presidential run in 1920, Franklin D.
14. A The introduction of hi-tech agricultural technology began a
Roosevelt ran for Governor of New York under the urging of
large decline in the agricultural labor force that continues to
presidential candidate Al Smith. [USSRG:43,1,1-2]
the present day, with less than three percent of the American
labor force working in agriculture. [USSRG:96,1,1] 31. E President Hoover, a man dedicated to the idea of self-reliance
and voluntarism, opposed government relief and strongly
15. E While on a family vacation in 1921, Franklin D. Roosevelt
advocated for private donations to charities and church
was stricken by the viral disease known as poliomyelitis, or
groups. [USSRG:34,2,2]
simply polio. [USSRG:40,2,2]
SOCIAL SCIENCE COMPREHENSIVE 01 PAGE 2 OF 20 DEMIDEC RESOURCES ©2010
32. D Southern Democrats of the New Deal era were often known as 48. D The area of farmland in the central United States that was
Dixiecrats for their devotion to the status quo of the South. destroyed by soil erosion and dust storms was known as the
[USSRG:67,2,3]
Dust Bowl. [USSRG:26,1,1]
33. E The FDIC, which was created to insure accounts with deposits 49. D The three presidents preceding Franklin D. Roosevelt –
up to $2,500, is officially known as the Federal Deposit Warren G. Harding, Calvin Coolidge, and Herbert Hoover –
Insurance Corporation. [USSRG:47,1,2] all belonged to the Republican Party. [USSRG:39,1,1]
34. C The Depression did little to dampen the public’s enthusiasm 50. A President Roosevelt often addressed the public through radio
for radio entertainment, leading to a drastic increase in radio broadcasts known as fireside chats. [USSRG:41,2,2]
ownership during the 1930s. [USSRG:31,2,3]
35. B In the 1970s, the term stagflation was invented to describe the
economic situation created by a lack of growth coupled with
inflation. [USSRG:97,1,2]
36. E In an effort to protect high school and college students from
dropping out of school or becoming radicalized by fascist
propaganda, the Works Progress Administration created the
National Youth Administration under the leadership of Mary
McLeod. [USSRG:62,2,3]
37. D The Works Progress Administration and other New Deal
initiatives that came before it, such as the CCC, CWA, and
PWA, were created to bring relief to the American people
through government employment opportunities. [USSRG:61,2,2;
USSRG:62,1,1]
37. E The Bank of the United States, the home bank of thousands of
Jewish immigrants, closed in December of 1930 due to the
massive depletion of cash holdings caused by the bank panic.
[USSRG:13,2,1]
12. C President Roosevelt refused to support a federal anti-lynching 28. B After World War II, many returning servicemen worked for
bill because he did not want to lose the vote of the Southern the Veterans Administration, totaling 17% of the work force.
[USSRG:89,2,2]
white Democrats that had been important in his election to
29. A The increased pressure from foreign competition coupled with
the presidency. [USSRG:74,1,3]
the expansion of the service industries caused a decline in
13. D The Ponzi scheme, a method to steal money from investors by industrial output as the American economy began to
promising a large return and paying out small dividends to modernize. [USSRG:97,2,3]
hold off fraud suspicions, is named after its originator Charles
30. E Despite the general public opinion that married women
Ponzi. [USSRG:10,1,2]
should stay out of the work force, necessity forced many wives
14. C The American Communist Party, the only political party in to find employment. [USSRG:30,1,1]
the United States to truly fight against white supremacy, came
31. B The privatization of an industry refers to the transfer of
to the aid of the Scottsboro boys. [USSRG:28,2,2]
ownership of utilities and services from the government to the
15. D The Agricultural Adjustment Administration was designed to private sector that occurred largely during the Reagan
stabilize crop prices and support farmers in general. [USSRG:47,2,3] administration. [USSRG:99,1,1]
16. B Monetarists believe that the cause of deflation in crop prices 32. E The Dawes Act, passed in 1887 to legislate the forced
during the Depression, which reduced the profits earned by assimilation of Native Americans into American society, was
farmers, was a decline in the stock of available money. passed long before the New Deal of the 1930s and is distinct
[USSRG:16,2,2]
from the Dawes Plan that restructured European debt
17. E The American plan to pump investment funds into Europe
payment after World War I. [USSRG:76,1,3; USSRG:60,1,1; USSRG:46,2,1;
after World War II to enable reconstruction as known as the USSRG:47,2,3]
Marshall Plan. [USSRG:88,2,2]
SOCIAL SCIENCE COMPREHENSIVE 03 PAGE 6 OF 20 DEMIDEC RESOURCES ©2010
our Wealth” society that pushed for the redistribution of 29. B Although the IMF was supposed to set the conditions of their
wealth based on a progressive tax. [USSRG:55,2,1] loans to developing countries, these conditions were most
14. C The only two states that the Republican candidate Alfred often set by the United States. [USSRG:89,1,2]
Landon won in the election of 1936 were Vermont and 30. C The Wagner Act, which was passed during President
Maine. [USSRG:69,1,1] Roosevelt’s second term, is considered part of the second New
15. C The All-American Canal’s construction through the Deal. [USSRG:60,1,1]
cooperation of multiple New Deal agencies marked a 31. A On the eve of the 1936 election, a poll conducted by the
significant step towards economic cooperation and recovery. Literary Digest incorrectly predicted Alfred Landon to win due
[USSRG:64,1,2] to its focus on higher demographics of the population.
16. E The current chairman of the Federal Reserve Board is Ben [USSRG:69,1,2]
Bernanke, who has also done research on the stock market 32. C Eleanor Roosevelt was an outspoken advocate for the rights of
crash. [USSRG:14,2,2] women and minorities, and often showed public support for
17. A The Johnson Act of 1934 regulated the international trade of these interest groups. In one such occasion the First Lady
bonds by prohibiting the trade of bonds with countries in debt insisted upon sitting in the colored section at the Southern
to the United States. [USSRG:77,2,1] Conference for Human Welfare. [USSRG:73,2,2]
SOCIAL SCIENCE COMPREHENSIVE 04 PAGE 8 OF 20 DEMIDEC RESOURCES ©2010
33. D Due to the continuing shipment of American Arms to China 50. C The mass production of homes in large suburban
during the Sino-Japanese conflict, Japanese planes attacked the neighborhoods greatly decreased the cost of housing in post-
American gunboat Panay. [USSRG:80,1,3] war America. [USSRG:92,2,4]
34. A The Judicial Procedures Reform Act is known commonly as
president Roosevelt’s court packing plan. [USSRG:70,2,1]
35. A Famous black opera singer Marian Anderson was denied use of
Constitution Hall by the Daughters of the American
Revolution. [USSRG:73,2,2]
36. C In a 6 to 3 vote the Supreme Court struck down the
processing tax used to fund the Agricultural Adjustment
Agency, thus dooming the initiative’s future. [USSRG:58,2,3]
37. B In a fireside chat broadcast made after the Emergency Banking
Act was passed, President Roosevelt convinced the American
people to return their savings to the banking system.
[USSRG:45,2,3]
38. E The Savings and Loans Crisis was caused by the removal of
geographic restrictions on investments made by Savings and
Loans institutions during President Reagan’s wave of
deregulation. [USSRG:98,2,1]
39. A After World War II, the American government urged
producers to channel their war-time production into useful
peacetime applications. This desire to transfer war production
into peace time led General Motors to mass produce the Jeep.
[USSRG:89,2,1]
40. E The main stated goal of the IMF was to stabilize the values of
world currencies by pegging exchange rates to the value of the
United States Dollar. [USSRG:89,1,1]
41. B The main missing piece of the Social Security Act was the
omission of a healthcare provision. It was not until the
Johnson administration that healthcare was added to Social
Security in the form of Medicare and Medicaid. [USSRG:67,2,1]
42. E The last day of the stock market crash, October 29th, is
known as Black Tuesday for the figurative mourning of the
financial community for the fall of the market [USSRG:12,1,3]
43. E The practice of granting concessions to an aggressive party to
achieve short term peace is known specifically as appeasement,
a term often used to describe the Western powers’ treatment of
German aggression in the 1930s.. [USSRG:80,2,2]
44. A The introduction of floating exchange rates after the value of
the dollar became too artificially high marked the end of the
Bretton Woods system of fixed exchange rates. [USSRG:88,2,1]
45. D Simon Kuznets – Nobel laureate and father of national income
accounting – was a major proponent of the mal-distribution
thesis that blamed the economic collapse on the inefficient
distribution of wealth. [USSRG:19,1,2]
46. C Adolf Berle, a member of President Roosevelt’s brain trust, was
a critic of big business and corporate America who authored
The Modern Corporation and Private Property. [USSRG:50,2,2]
47. C In 1933, the United States and the largest European powers
met at the London Economic conference. [USSRG:77,2,2]
48. B The Tydings-McDuffie Act officially denoted the Philippines
as a commonwealth on track for independence instead of
remaining as an American “island possession.” [USSRG:78,2,3]
49. B The New Deal had a significant effect in increasing the size,
influence, and power of the federal government without
drastically changing foreign policy. [USSRG:81,1,1]
SOCIAL SCIENCE COMPREHENSIVE 05
1. B The Bonus Army set up camp in an open area called Anacostia 18. E The dual errors of President Hoover’s recovery plan were of
Flats and in nearby empty federal buildings. [USSRG:37,1,1] increasing taxes and keeping a balanced budget
2. A The Civilian Conservation Corps differed from the CWA and simultaneously, which negated the effect of recovery efforts.
[USSRG:39,1,1]
PWA in that it focused on younger workers and aimed to
complete conservation and beautification projects. [USSRG:46,2,1] 19. E The unsafe and unsanitary conditions of illegal abortions
during the Depression led to the death of 8,000 to 10,000
3. B The idea that some industries desired protection from
women every year. [USSRG:29,1,1]
dangerous competition is known as corporate liberalism.
[USSRG:53,1,2] 20. E The American people saw President Hoover’s treatment of the
4. D The many work relief programs of the New Deal – the CCC, Bonus Army as unforgivable, which hindered his chances at
CWA, and PWA – were criticized for being “make-work” reelection. [USSRG:37,1,3]
assignments that only created jobs for the sake of employment 21. C After World War I, the British Pound Sterling was reinstated
without any real objectives. [USSRG:46,2,2] to its status as the main currency of the international gold
5. E After being elected in his own right in 1948, President standard. [USSRG:20,2,2]
Truman unveiled a 21-point plan for the expansion of federal 22. D The Marshall Plan gave $13 billion in grants to European
programs to provide further relief and reform for the American countries to aid in rebuilding after World War II. [USSRG:88,2,2]
people. [USSRG:85,2,1] 23. A In 1934, the Securities and Exchange Commission was created
6. D Huey P. Long’s political career was jump started by his to regulate the stock market, taking over the job of the Federal
election to the office of Governor of Louisiana, where he built Trade Commission. [USSRG:47,2,2]
up a political powerhouse. [USSRG:55,1,3] 24. C President Reagan’s tax cuts effectively redistributed wealth
7. D The nationally syndicated CBS radio show “The Golden Hour from the poor to the wealthy. This was shown by a 75%
of the Little Flower” was hosted by the popular Father Charles increase in income for the nation’s richest 1% of people over
Edward Coughlin. [USSRG:56,1,1] the course of the 1980s. [USSRG:98,1,2]
8. E The effect of the New Deal on demand was largely negated by 25. C The Council of Economic Advisors, which was created by the
the vast decreases in state budgets during the Depression. 1946 Employment Act, was first utilized by President
[USSRG:49,2,3]
Truman. [USSRG:90,1,2]
9. D Many poor southern sharecroppers fell to diseases caused by 26. C Frances Perkins, who served as Secretary of Labor for President
nutritional deficiency such as pellagra and rickets. [USSRG:27,2,1] Roosevelt, believed that the President’s paralysis helped
10. B The National Industrial Recovery Act suspended anti-trust transform him from a “privileged playboy” into a more
laws to allow industries to create their own regulatory codes in empathetic person. [USSRG:41,1,1]
conjunction with labor unions. [USSRG:48,2,2-3] 27. C The House Committee on Un-American Activities charged
11. A Cost of Living Adjustments – COLA – were first included in the Federal Arts Project with communist propaganda, which
the 1950 Treaty of Detroit and then became an important way led to the termination of the Federal Theatre Project.
for unions to include inflation in their negotiations for wages. [USSRG:63,1,1]
[USSRG:92,1,1]
28. D The National Association of Manufacturers, or NAM, was
12. D Famous conservative publisher William Randolph Hearst sent strongly opposed to the New Deal as it represented the
spies to university campuses to find “red” professors in an regulation of big business. [USSRG:53,1,1]
effort to stop what he saw as a communist conspiracy. 29. D During a summer outing to his family’s vacation home in
[USSRG:36,1,1]
1921, Franklin D. Roosevelt contracted the poliomyelitis virus
13. E The failure of President Hoover to come through with his
and was left with severe paralysis of the legs. [USSRG:40,2,2]
promise for civil rights reform led many African Americans to
switch their allegiance to the Democratic Party. [USSRG:28,2,1] 30. C The Glass-Steagall Act included a small provision that created
the FDIC, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, to
14. E The Mississippi Flood of 1927 gave the public a glimpse at the
protect banks and depositors through government insurance of
dismal ability of future President Hoover to deal with disaster
deposits up to $2,500. [USSRG:47,1,2]
and illustrated the racial inequality of the South. [USSRG:28,1,2]
31. B The G. I. Bill allowed millions of veterans returning from
15. A In an attempt to protect small farmers from bankruptcy,
World War Two to purchase homes. [USSRG:92,2,3]
Congress passed the Farm Credit Act. [USSRG:53,2,2]
32. B President Reagan’s chief economic advisor was Arthur Laffer,
16. C Although they had long known each other as distant cousins,
who warned against high tax rates. [USSRG:98,1,2]
Franklin and Eleanor fell in love in 1903. Franklin and
Eleanor were actually fifth cousins once removed and shared 33. B About 250,000 children took to the streets as vagrants during
the surname Roosevelt before they were married. [USSRG:41,1,2] the 1930s due to disillusionment with their homes and
communities. [USSRG:30,2,2]
17. B The author Horatio Lager perfected the use of the rags to
riches storyline that typified novels for young men before the 34. E The Reconstruction Finance Corporation was President
Depression. [USSRG:31,1,3] Hoover’s first major departure from his devotion to
voluntarism and self reliance. [USSRG:35,1,2]
SOCIAL SCIENCE COMPREHENSIVE 05 PAGE 10 OF 20 DEMIDEC RESOURCES ©2010
decrease in investment right before the stock market crash. 31. E Between his election in 1932 and his tragic death in 1945,
[USSRG:19,1,3-4] Franklin D. Roosevelt served as President of the United States
13. C After being called in to aid in rescue operations and security for 13 years. [USSRG:39,2,2]
assignments after the 1927 Mississippi Flood, the National 32. B In 1952, Jonas Salk developed an effective vaccine against
Guard abused the African American survivors. [USSRG:28,1,2] polio that has saved the lives of untold millions of people.
14. B President Lyndon B. Johnson’s dedication to civil rights [USSRG:40,2,2]
legislation pushed Southern whites into the Republican Party, 33. A In New york, the summer of 1935 was highlighted by a
which created the foundations of a new conservative citywide strike against butcher shops held by the United
movement. [USSRG:86,2,1] Council of Working-Class Women. [USSRG:53,2,4]
15. E The conservative Democrats of the South were known as 34. E Franklin Delano Roosevelt was elected to four presidential
Dixiecrats. [USSRG:67,2,3] terms before his untimely death. [USSRG:38,1,2]
16. D In keeping his promise for social reform, President Truman 35. B The Bonus Army was made up of around 20,000 World War I
created the Presidential Civil Rights Commission to begin his veterans seeking to be paid out their veterans benefits.
[USSRG:37,1,1]
social reform agenda. [USSRG:86,1,1]
36. B The idea of judicial restraint is that judges should limit the
17. A The theory of underconsumption held that a lack of
exercise of their own authority. [USSRG:58,1,1]
purchasing power in the hands of the public was perpetuating
the economic hardship of the Depression. [USSRG:54,1,3]
SOCIAL SCIENCE COMPREHENSIVE 06 PAGE 12 OF 20 DEMIDEC RESOURCES ©2010
37. C In spite of all the violence that the world witnessed in the
1930s, the United States remained devoted to isolationism.
[USSRG:80,1,1]
38. D The first major sit-down strike occurred at the Goodyear tire
and rubber plant in February of 1936, when workers refused
to work but did not leave their workspaces. [USSRG:60,2,2]
39. C Huey P. Long agreed with the neo-Austrian school of thought
that the cause of the Depression was the mal-distribution of
wealth. [USSRG:55,1,3]
40. A The Tax Reduction Act of 1964, which was designed by
President Kennedy but passed by his successor President
Johnson, is commonly identified as Keynesian in nature.
[USSRG:90,2,2]
rich elite. [USSRG:32,1,1] 31. D Terms such as “Hoovervilles” and “Hoover blankets” that were
14. A In order to reform the practices of the AAA and reclaim the used during the Depression show that the public blamed
land lost to the Dust Bowl, President Roosevelt pushed for the President Hoover for their economic hardship. [USSRG:33,2,1]
creation of the Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment 32. E The Quarantine Doctrine of President Roosevelt compared
Act. [USSRG:64,1,1] aggressor nations to diseased patients that must be isolated
15. D Shortly after the passage of the Kennedy tax cuts, government form the other nations of the world. [USSRG:80,2,1]
spending was greatly increased by the escalating violence in the 33. D A discontented middle class in Brazil supported a military
Vietnam Conflict. [USSRG:97,1,1] coup that successfully installed the pro-industrial nationalist
16. A In 1965, President Johnson signed the Medicare Bill into law, Getulio D. Vargas to the presidency. [USSRG:21,2,4]
which created a Social Security-funded healthcare program for 34. E The Soviet Union’s relative isolation and lack of international
the elderly called Medicare. [USSRG:94,1,2,] ties created insulation from the failure of global markets.
[USSRG:22,1,2]
SOCIAL SCIENCE COMPREHENSIVE 07 PAGE 14 OF 20 DEMIDEC RESOURCES ©2010
14. B The Works Progress Administration was created in 1935 by 32. A Charles Evan Hughes served as the Chief Justice of the
the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act, long after the Supreme Court from 1930 to 1941. [USSRG:58,1,1]
creation of the other major work relief initiatives. [USSRG:62,2,3] 33. C The New Deal’s fiercest opposition came from the leaders of
15. B The Tydings-McDuffie Act of 1934 made the Philippines a big business who feared regulation. [USSRG:52,2,5]
commonwealth of the United States and initiated a 10-year 34. B The Tennessee Valley Authority was very successful in a wide
program towards national independence. [USSRG:78,2,3] range of different initiatives, such as providing power and
16. E Franklin Delano Roosevelt grew up within the comfort of his creating environmental projects. [USSRG:50,2,1]
family’s estate in the small town of Hyde Park, New York. 35. D In order to halt overproduction, the AAA allowed farmers to
[USSRG:40,1,1]
destroy millions of acres of crops and slaughter millions of
17. D The American Federation of Labor remains a very large and livestock in order to drive prices up. [USSRG:48,1,1]
influential labor union to the present day as the AFL-CIO.
[USSRG:52,1,2]
36. E The Memorial Day Massacre occurred on May 30, 1937 when
18. A The American invention of artificial silk was very dangerous Chicago police broke up a picnic of organized steel workers
for the Japanese export trade, which was dependent on the from Republic Steel. [USSRG:61,1,2]
export of silk during the Depression era. [USSRG:22,2,1]
SOCIAL SCIENCE COMPREHENSIVE 08 PAGE 16 OF 20 DEMIDEC RESOURCES ©2010
47. B The Fair Labor Standards Act limited the work week to 44
hours and included a provision to gradually reduce this to 40
hours over the next two years. [USSRG:61,2,1]
48. E The Indian Reorganization Act abolished the federal policy of
forced assimilation and began to grant freedoms to Native
Americans that had been denied for over a century. [USSRG:76,1,3]
49. D Decreasing birth rates during the Depression were made
possible by the widespread availability of contraception.
[USSRG:29,1,1]
50. C At the height of the Depression, the City of New York reached
a total unemployment of one million people. [USSRG:16,1,1]
SOCIAL SCIENCE COMPREHENSIVE 09
1. A President Roosevelt attended the prestigious Groton Prep 19. B During his time as a mining engineer in China and Australia,
School before going to Harvard University. [USSRG:40,2,1] Herbert Hoover produced a standard textbook for mining
2. C President Truman appointed the conservative Edwin Nourse engineers. [USSRG:34,1,1]
as the first Chairman of the Council of Economic Advisors to 20. A The many home loan programs of the New Deal helped
appease Republicans and the business sector. [USSRG:90,1,2] expand the middle class and endear the people of the
3. B The Glass-Steagall Banking Act protected savings accounts by American suburbs to the Democratic Party. [USSRG:83,2,2]
separating investment and commercial banking. [USSRG:47,1,1] 21. B The S.S. St. Louis carried 930 Jewish passengers that were
4. E In 1947, veterans made up 70% of college student bodies due denied asylum in the United States and Cuba but eventually
to the G. I. Bill’s funding for education, making it responsible found refuge in other European countries. [USSRG:79,1,2]
for an expansion in college education. [USSRG:93,2,1] 22. B Clubs that sprang up in major cities to distribute communist
5. D A call loan is a loan that is made without a date on which the propaganda in different media were named after the
lender can demand full payment at will, which often leads to communist activist John Reed. [USSRG:38,2,1]
very long term loans. [USSRG:14,2,1] 23. E The National Association of Manufacturers, along with other
6. A The leader of the global economy before World War I was organizations like the American Liberty League, aggressively
Great Britain, but this role was passed on the the United States opposed the New Deal. [USSRG:53,1,1]
after the war due to the Dawes Plan. [USSRG:20,2,3] 24. B There were many reasons for the expansion of the middle class
7. B The Federal Reserve buys and sells government bonds on the after World War Two, but deregulation was not one of them.
[USSRG:92,2,1]
open market to any available markets in order to manipulate
the domestic money supply. [USSRG:12,1,1] 25. E The economist Joseph Schumpeter believed that the under-
consumption of the 1920s was a product of wages not keeping
8. C The “Kingfish” was the former Governor of Louisiana and
up with labor productivity, causing workers to not be able to
Senator, Huey P. Long. [USSRG:55,2,2]
afford the products they made. [USSRG:19,1,3]
9. E Dr. Francis Townsend campaigned for a federally funded old-
26. E The main financial stimulus of the Cold War was the creation
age pension of $200 per month paid to every American citizen
of a military-industrial complex that pumped money into the
over 60 years old. [USSRG:56,2,1]
American economy. [USSRG:82,1,3]
10. E Veterans’ benefits were basically the only form of government
27. A President Hoover rationalized his decision to remove the
assistance prior to the New Deal. [USSRG:36,1,2]
Bonus Army from its encampments by saying that they were
11. E The term stagflation – simultaneous stagnation of growth and communist agitators that threatened the very existence of the
inflation – symbolized the limitations of Keynesian demand government. [USSRG:37,1,4]
management by showing how it can fail to produce results.
[USSRG:97,1,2]
28. A A prominent activist and reformer, Eleanor Roosevelt was an
12. C The rising costs of the Vietnam Conflict in the late 1960s important member of the League of Women Voters.
[USSRG:41,1,2]
caused CEA Chairmen Walter Heller to urge President
29. E At its peak from 1933 to 1934, the Civil Works
Johnson for a tax increase. [USSRG:97,1,1]
Administration employed 4.2 million workers in various
13. E The idealistic director of the Resettlement Administration, an public works projects. [USSRG:46,1,2]
organization designed to help resettle farmers whose land had
30. C Unemployment in the Soviet Union was almost nonexistent
been destroyed by erosion, was Rexford Tugwell. [USSRG:64,2,3]
during the Great Depression due to the nature of the
14. E In comparison to the 90% of German and French farms that command economy and booming agricultural and
had access to electricity in 1934, only 11% of American farms manufacturing industries . [USSRG:23,1,2]
had the same access. [USSRG:64,1,3]
31. B The first major relief effort undertaken by President Hoover
15. B Although unemployment relief remains a key facet of modern was the creation of the Reconstruction Finance Corporation to
welfare programs, the CCC did not make it out of the bail out failing banks. [USSRG:35,1,2]
Depression era. [USSRG:83,1,3]
32. E The Soil Conservation Service encouraged the creation of
16. E In 1918, three years before he contracted polio, Franklin D. “shelterbelts” made of brush and trees to break up wind
Roosevelt contracted influenza and was unable to serve in the patterns that were eroding exposed fields. [USSRG:64,1,2]
military during World War I. [USSRG:40,2,1]
33. A While speaking to a group of American legionnaires in Florida,
17. B John L. Lewis, a member of the United Mine Workers, then President-elect Roosevelt was shot at by Italian
organized the CIO after becoming dissatisfied with the construction worker Guiseppe Zangara, whose bullets missed
American Federation of Labor. [USSRG:60,1,3] him but fatally wounded Chicago Mayor Anton Cermak.
18. B Louis McHenry Howe served President Roosevelt as his [USSRG:39,2,1]
publicity manager and closest advisor. [USSRG:41,2,1] 34. B The main work relief program of the second New Deal was
the Works Progress Administration, which was created in
1935 and employed a total of 8 million people during its eight
years of existence. [USSRG:61,2,2]
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40. E The 1932 election saw the incumbent Herbert Hoover lose in
a landslide, as the up and coming Franklin D. Roosevelt
received 472 electoral votes out of the 531 possible. [USSRG:39,1,2]
41. D Considered by many to be the crowning achievement of the
second New Deal, Social Security is still very important to the
present day. Medicare is a component of Social Security that is
very important but was not signed into law until 1965.
[USSRG:66,2,2]
46. A The case of Louisville Joint Stock Land Bank v. Radford struck
down the Emergency Farm Mortgage Act, which set a
precedent for the end of the AAA that was brought about by
United States v. Butler. [USSRG:58,2,3]
47. C The Tax Reduction Act of 1964, which was created by
president John F. Kennedy, was passed by President Lyndon
B. Johnson after his predecessor’s tragic death. [USSRG:90,2,2]
48. C Southern California was the hardest hit area of the State,
which was shown by the fact that half of the State’s 350,000
unemployed workers lived in the city of Las Angeles.
[USSRG:26,2,2]
6. E While speaking at the Seventh International Conference of 25. D Aided by a Brazilian middle class that was frustrated by the
American States in Montevideo, Uruguay, President Roosevelt Great Depression, Getulio D. Vargas was able to take power.
[USSRG:21,2,4]
enumerated his “good neighbor policy” for the first time.
[USSRG:78,1,2] 26. A The immigration acts of 1921 and 1924 placed draconian
7. D The drug Thalidomide caused a wave of birth defects and led immigration restrictions that greatly reduced the amount of
to the adoption of the Kefauver-Harris Amendment to the immigration to America. [USSRG:8,1,2]
Food Drug and Cosmetic Act. [USSRG:87,1,3] 27. C The first relief program created by the Roosevelt
8. B The Daughters of the American Revolution owned Administration after passing the Emergency Banking Act was
Constitution Hall in Washington D.C. during 1939, when FERA, the Federal Emergency Relief Administration.
[USSRG:45,2,4]
black opera singer Marian Anderson was denied the right to
28. A The expansion of the German state in the 1930s was
sing there. [USSRG:73,2,2]
rationalized by the ideologically charged concept of
9. A A total of 1.1 billion shares were traded on the stock market in Lebensraum, which combined elements of anti-Semitic hatred
1929, a far cry from the 317 million that were traded a decade and national autarky. [USSRG:22,2,1]
earlier in 1919. [USSRG:11,1,1]
29. B Nobel laureate Simon Kuznets contributed to the mal-
10. D Companies that decide to “go public” have decided to sell distribution thesis on the cause of the Depression, which
shares of their business on a stock exchange. [USSRG:10,2,2] blamed the great collapse on an inefficient distribution of
11. E Marriner Eccles, who would later serve as the Chairman of the wealth. [USSRG:19,1,2]
Federal Reserve Board, created the National Housing Act to 30. B The Economic Opportunity Act of 1964 established job
make home loans more available and safe. [USSRG:65,2,2] training camps as a part of President Johnson’s “War on
12. C From 1924 to 1938, the number of female union members Poverty.” [USSRG:96,2,2]
quadrupled from 200,000 to 800,000. [USSRG:76,1,1] 31. C President Roosevelt always sought to maintain the support of
13. D President Franklin D. Roosevelt wrote for the Harvard big business, which he did so through bringing in conservative
Crimson while in college. [USSRG:41,2,1] advisors and appointing Joseph P. Kennedy as the head of the
14. D The Johnson Act prohibited the trading of bonds with SEC. [USSRG:52,2,4]
countries in debt to the United States. [USSRG:77,2,1] 32. E The stagflation of the 1970s resulted from a combination of
15. A The Rural Electrification Administration was created to bring stagnant growth and inflation. [USSRG:97,1,2]
energy resources to rural farmers who had previously been 33. A From 1928 until his election to the Presidency in 1932,
unable to obtain electricity. [USSRG:64,1,4] Franklin D. Roosevelt served as Governor of New York for
16. B Despite the many aggressive offensives of the axis powers prior two terms. [USSRG:44,1,1]
to 1939, it was not until the German invasion of Poland that 34. D The Glass-Steagall Banking Act protected the savings of the
France and England entered World War II. [USSRG:80,2,3] American people by separating investment from commercial
17. E The 1934 Securities and Exchange Act created the Securities banking and creating the FDIC to insure deposits. [USSRG:47,1,1-2]
and Exchange Act to regulate the Stock Market. [USSRG:47,2,2] 35. D The Tennessee Valley Authority spanned across seven states
18. D Famed economist Irving Fisher proclaimed that stock prices and was very successful in its electrification, conservation, and
were at a permanently high level, just two weeks before the flood control efforts. [USSRG:50,2,1]
great crash. [USSRG:10,2,1] 36. E President Roosevelt’s advisor Harold Ickes compared the
19. D The Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1935 created the President’s fight against monopolies to President Andrew
Works Progress Administration. [USSRG:62,1,2] Jackson’s fight against the United States Bank during the
1830s. [USSRG:73,1,1]
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