Republic of the Philippines

CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY

Andrews Campus, Tuguegarao City
COLLEGE OF ALLIED HEALTH SCIENCES
Department of Respiratory Therapy
NEURO ANATOMY & PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
LABORATORY MANUAL – 2nd Semester, S. Y 2019 - 2020

ACTIVITY NO. 08

Name: ______________________________________ Yr&Sec: __________

Professor: ______________________ Date: ___________ Score: _______

CIRCULATION & THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

The CNS has a privileged blood supply, as suggested by the blood-brain barrier. The
function of the tissue in the CNS is crucial to the survival of the organism, so the contents of the
blood cannot simply pass into the central nervous tissue. Because of this privilege, the CNS needs
specialized structures for the maintenance of circulation.

This begins with a unique arrangement of blood vessels carrying fresh blood into the CNS.
Beyond the supply of blood, the CNS filters that blood into cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which
is then circulated through the cavities of the brain and spinal cord called ventricles.

Establishing this barrier are anatomical structures that help to protect and isolate the
CNS. The arterial blood to the brain comes from the internal carotid and vertebral arteries,
which both contribute to the unique circle of Willis that provides constant perfusion of the
brain even if one of the blood vessels is blocked or narrowed.
(Anatomy and Physiology, OpenStaxCollege2013)

Objectives of the Activity:

Upon successfully completing this activity, the student’s will:

1. State the vessels that supply the CNS with blood.

2. Relate the blood supply to the brain.
3. Name the components of the ventricular system and the regions of the brain in which
each is located.
4. Relate the cerebrospinal fluid circulation.
5. Explain the production of cerebrospinal fluid and its flow through the ventricles.
6. Explain how a disruption in circulation would result in a stroke.

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I. Questions for Research

1. List and describe the vessels that supply the CNS with blood.

2. Trace the blood supply to the brain.

3. Describe the components of the ventricular system and the regions of the brain in which
each is located.

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4. Trace the cerebrospinal fluid circulation.

5. Discuss the production of cerebrospinal fluid and its flow through the ventricles.

6. Discuss how a disruption in circulation would result in a stroke.

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II. Draw, Label and Color the following:

Circle of Willis

Dural Sinuses and Veins

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 Complete the Table Below:
Components of the CSF Circulation
Lateral Third Cerebral Fourth Central Sub
Ventricles Ventricle Aqueduct Ventricle Canal arachnoid
space

Location
in the
CNS

Blood
Vessel
Structure

III. Key Terms - Define the following terms:

anterior spinal artery

basilar artery

carotid canal

central canal

choroid plexus

circle of Willis

common carotid artery

fourth ventricle

internal carotid artery

interventricular foramina

jugular veins

lateral apertures

orthostatic reflex

sigmoid sinuses

straight sinus

superior sagittal sinus

transverse sinuses

vertebral arteries

IV. Critical Thinking Questions

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 1. Why can the circle of Willis maintain perfusion of the brain even if there is a
blockage in one part of the structure?

2. Meningitis is an inflammation of the meninges that can have severe effects on

neurological function. Why is infection of this structure potentially so dangerous?

V. Review Questions – Encircle the correct answer.

1. What blood vessel enters the cranium a. ependymal cell

to supply the brain with fresh, oxygenated b. astrocyte
blood? c. oligodendrocyte
a. common carotid artery d. Schwann cell
b. jugular vein
c. internal carotid artery 4. Which portion of the ventricular system is
d. aorta found within the diencephalon?
a. lateral ventricles
2. Which layer of the meninges b. third ventricle
surrounds and supports the sinuses that form c. cerebral aqueduct
the route through which blood drains from the d. fourth ventricle
CNS?
a. dura mater 5. What condition causes a stroke?
b. arachnoid mater a. inflammation of meninges
c. subarachnoid b. lumbar puncture
d. pia mater c. infection of cerebral spinal fluid
d. disruption of blood to the brain
3. What type of glial cell is responsible
for filtering blood to produce CSF at the
choroid plexus?

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