EXPERIMENT 2

DEMONSTRATION OF THE BOYLE’S GAS LAW OF GAS SYSTEM

1.0 OBJECTIVE
i. To understand the concept of Boyle’s gas law.
ii. To analyze the relationship between pressure and volume of an ideal gas

2.0 INTRODUCTION
Boyle’s law describes the inversely proportional relationship between pressure and
volume of a gas, if the temperature is kept constant within a closed system. The
mathematical equation for Boyle’s law is:
𝑷𝑽 = 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒕
As long as the temperature remains constant the same amount of energy given to the
system persists throughout its operation. By forcing the volume V of the fixed quantity of
gas to increase, keeping the gas at the initially measured temperature, the pressure P
must decrease proportionally. On the contrary, reducing the volume of the gas will
increase the pressure. The Boyle’s law is used to predict the result of introducing a
change, in volume and pressure, to the initial state of a fixed quantity of gas. The volumes
and pressure of gas before and after expansion is related by:
𝑷𝟏 𝑽𝟏 = 𝑷𝟐 𝑽𝟐
3.0 MATERIAL AND EQUIPMENTS
Boyle’s gas law experiment apparatus

Figure 3.1: Unit Construction for Boyle’s Gas Law Apparatus

1. Temperature Sensor 8. Temperature Indicator

2. Pressure Sensor 9. Pressure Indicator
3. Measuring Cylinder 10. Main switch
4. Oil Release Valve 11. Pump Switch
5. Globe Control Valve 12. Fast Coupling Pipe
6. Pressure Cylinder 13. Pressure / Vacuum Pump
7. Pressure Relief Valve
4.0 PROCEDURES
4.1 GENERAL START-UP PROCEDURES
i. Make sure all on/off button is in off position and all valves are close before starting
experiment.
ii. Add 4L of water into the pressure cylinder.
iii. To ensure an ideal atmospheric pressure, both cylinders will be vacuumed using
the vacuum pump.
iv. Use fast coupling tubing to connect pressure cylinder to vacuum pump.
v. Set vacuum to 0.1 Bar and regulate globe valve, V3 to ensure water level drop to
zero scale on measuring cylinder.
vi. Switch off vacuum pump immediately when water level is on 0 scales. Close the
control globe valve, V3.
vii. Open V1 and V2 until pressure in the pressure and measuring cylinders until reach
atmospheric pressure
viii. The equipment is ready for experiment.
4.2 EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES
PRECAUTIONS:
When carrying out the experiment, pump pressure should not exceed 2 bar as excessive
pressure may result in glass cylinder breaking.
i. Disconnect vacuum tubing from pump.
ii. Make sure all valves are close and connect compressed air tubing to the pressure
cylinder. Make sure pressure inside the measuring cylinder is 1 bar.
iii. Start compressive pump, set the pump to 2 bar.
iv. Slowly open the globe valve, V3 and observe the rise of level in measuring cylinder.
v. Regulate globe valve, V3 to take readings at every intervals of 0.1bar in measuring
cylinder.
vi. Close globe valve tightly and record level of water in the measuring cylinder.
vii. Record the reading of temperature and pressure inside the measuring cylinder.
viii. Repeat step 1 to 7 until the pressure in the measuring cylinder reach 3 bar
(Maximum pressure level).

4.3 GENERAL SHUT-DOWN PROCEDURES

i. Switch off the pump and remove both pipes from the chambers.
ii. Fully open the valves to release the air inside the chambers.
iii. Switch off the main switch and power supply.

5.0 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

i. Record the data by using the table in Appendix 2.
ii. Calculate the PV value and prove the Boyles’ Law.
iii. Calculate the ratio of volume and compares it with the theoretical value.

6.0 CONCLUSION
Based on the experimental procedure done and the results taken draw some
conclusions to this experiment.
APPENDIX 2
Total height of cylinder = 40 cm
Diameter of cylinder = 13 cm
Height of water in Volume of water in
Pressure (bar) Temp (T) (°C)
the cylinder (cm) the cylinder (cm3)