LPPM UGM

Final Report
Technical Assistance to Local Government on Disaster Risk
Management and Community-Based Settlement Rehabilitation and
Reconstruction Project for Community GIS and Open Data
Management in Supporting the SIAP TEPAT Program: Network of
Excellence in Participatory Disaster Risk Reduction

LPPM UGM
I. INTRODUCTION AND DEFINITION
I.1. Background

Public participation is important in disaster risk reduction activities. As endorsed by National

Research Council (2007), successful response in disaster mitigation can be achieved by
development and utilization of appropriate spatial information. Spatially referenced
community data or known as participatory maps are considered important spatial information
for disaster mitigation and response. Through participatory maps, community groups can
identify hazard and vulnerable elements in their neighbourhood. Unfortunately, effective
means to help community groups generate community-based data to support a usable risk
map remain difficult to be realized. Further, an effective means to facilitate the integration of
government spatial plans and the generated community-based risk maps for improved
spatially-enabled disaster risk mitigation remains unclear. For example during Post Merapi
eruption response, emergency response, early recovery planning and mitigation from debris
flood and volcanic material dispersion in urban areas rely on accurate data on potential
hazard and vulnerabilities at neighbourhood levels. However, data on potential hazard and
vulnerabilities to landslide, flood, and debris at urban areas are not available. Mostly, spatial
data are available at medium or small scale (e.g. 1:25,000 or less) either estimated data (from
modelling) or from secondary data whereas the statistics data are only accessible up to village
level.
Currently at the community level and local level, community aspirations expressed in
community-based development projects (such as JRF-REKOMPAK and PNPM) often ended
up as a pile of hardcopy proposals where spatially-enabled priority decision making is
difficult (if not impossible) to be executed by analysts and decision makers at local level. The
approach proposed in this proposal try to bridge spatial data reflecting top-down initiatives
with spatially-referenced community data representing bottom-up aspirations. Through group
communication and coordination in participatory mapping activities, local needs and
problems can be identified well. The data quality issues will be resolved through validation
and on-site verification. Later the information can be integrated with spatial plans to enable
exploration, synthesis and analysis (phases in visual thinking with maps) to reach accurate
and informed-decision (see Figure 1). This would be an ideal solution to minimize overlaps
in programming actions, reducing data redundancy, and improving efficiency.
 Open Data
Management
Initiative

Participatory
Mapping

Figure 1. Conceptual framework of integrated spatially-enabled disaster risk reduction

In order to gather detailed data on exposure and neighbourhood vulnerability, participatory

mapping is a good alternative to speed up the process. Participatory mapping is a map-
making process that facilitates neighbourhood and local communities’ efforts to draw spatial
features surrounding their neighbourhood in forms of point, line, or polygon by using simple
rules of cartography. The high resolution satellite images can be used as a base layer during
participatory mapping process in order to help community members easily recognize man-
made and natural features surrounding their houses. Through communication and
coordination between group members, spatial features corresponding to community’s focus
of interest, are then drawn directly into a working paper (for example, OSM Walking Paper).
In order to enable easy compilation, colour coding was used. This method works well helping
people who can not read a topographic map. For data processing purposes, all information
they describe were documented into a separate form of hazard impact, exposure, vulnerability
and capacity information. The data taken from the field can be used to verify/check
community members’ identification and aspirations.

Participatory mapping

Participatory mapping is a map-making process that involve local communities as the main
actors in identifying and drawing spatial objects related to their neighborhood by using
simple rules of cartography on delineating polygons, marking a location that are generally
understood for layman. Maps, satellite imageries, and 3D models are usually utilised as the
data reference and used as the proxy for communities to delineate polygons, lines, and points
representing spatial objects related to their neighborhood. Participatory mapping activities
deal with processess to produce a community map either the map is developed on their own
through face-to-face meeting or the map is produced through the crowd (web). The later is
known as crowdsourcing, a combination of wiki and mapping approach in order to acquire
and validate spatial data. In crowdsourcing (e.g., openstreetmap), satellite imageries used as
the base reference to draw important spatial objects in the village or neighborhood where
community lives. In the mapping process used to assist REKOMPAK project, Bing Imagery
was used as the base reference. Through communication and coordination between group
members, spatial features are then drawn directly on the top of the imagery. In order to enable
easy compilation, color coding was used. Outstanding features are determined by looking at
their position relative to natural and artificial landmarks (such as rivers, buildings, bridges,
etc.). This method works well helping people who can not read a topographic map. For data
processing purposes, all information they described were documented into a separate form of
existing facilities and planned infrastructure. The data taken from field survey is used to
verify/check their identification and aspirations.

I.2. Motivation
Participatory mapping methods are considered important to help community groups identify
problems and express their aspirations. Through participatory mapping activities, spatially-
enabled community data can be collected for further spatial analysis. The methods could
provide a usable means to facilitate the integration of community maps and official spatial
plans for better planning activities including in the development of risk-mitigating plans. This
project proposes the utilization of participatory mapping methods for spatially-enabled
disaster risk reduction.

For sustainable development, the community’s capacity to be able to collect and manage data
related to hazard and disaster risk in the neighbourhood is required. The project will also
develop a mechanism to integrate community data into a typical wikimap (for example, using
OSM) through which more structured public dialogue and priority-decision making can be
done. As explicitly shown in recent Merapi response, spatially referenced neighbourhood and
participatory data is urgently required to enhance a responsive disaster management
information system for emergency response as well as for early recovery efforts. For this
reason, the project is focused to strengthen institution capacity in dealing with disaster risk
mitigation by introducing a tool related to community-based risk mapping that can be
replicated and scaled up for either other part of the same river or other river areas. Based on
the available hazard map, community members can express their aspirations and needs for
disaster preparedness activities and sustainable development in affected areas.

In addition, the community groups’ institution is also need to be enhanced in its abilities to
manage data and information as well as to collaborate with other parties and government
through meetings. Tripartite meetings through focus groups are essential to initiate
continuous improvements in infrastructure and settlements’ planning in the 13 affected zones.

I.3. Definition

OpenStreet Map (OSM)

As stated in its website, OpenStreet Map (OSM) is a collaborative project to create a free
editable map of the world. Further it is said in its website that two major driving forces
behind the establishment and growth of OSM have been restrictions on use or availability of
map information in many places across the world and the rise of low-cost portable GPS
devices.

The maps are created using data from portable GPS devices, aerial photography, other free
sources or simply from local knowledge. The data is available under the Open Database
License (OdBl).
 Figure 2. OSM wiki map
BING Satellite Imagery
Microsoft's BING High-Resolution satellite imageries are available in big cities in Indonesia
and are quite up to date. The use of imagery in this study would fill the lack of reference data
available in Indonesia.

Settlement Planning

Post Yogyakarta’s earthquake and Merapi eruption disasters, Community-based rehabilitation

and reconstruction project or known as REKOMPAK Project facilitated hundreds villages in
Yogyakarta and Central Java. The project facilitates and assists community development in
building back or improving settlement and neighborhood infrastructure impacted by disasters.
In addition, the project also facilitates improvement of contingency and mitigation planning.
For this purpose, each village community being facilitated must develop settlement planning
document that includes report and plans, community maps, and graphs.

I.4. Objective

To Support Merapi contingency plan development in Central Java and Yogyakarta in

particular, the Capacity building with BPBDs to collect exposure and important facilities in
the community through data conversion and community mapping activities in 13 impacted
villages linked with REKOMPAK project.   

I.5. Methodology

Hazard and Facilities Mapping

Hazard mapping consists of activities to gather and model data and information in relation to
potential flow of lahar or cold lava spatial phenomena. Lahar is commonly constructed from
volcanic debris or material as a result of a volcanic eruption event. Lahar (known locally as
lahar dingin or recently as lahar hujan) flows through rivers carrying out materials like
stones and sands from upstream. A high intensity rain in the river upstream can be a
dangerous trigger for a lahard hazard disaster. In order to better analyze to what extent and
how the lahar flood threatens settlements and infrastructure along rivers originating from Mt.
Merapi, including Pabelan, Putih, and Blongkeng in Magelang, Central Java, there’s a need to
get a large scale map depicting neighbourhood layout and its corresponding
terrain/topography. The river and its surrounding profiles are essential for hydrological
engineering expert to make a flood hazard model. In this regard, the data related to past lahar
hazard have been sketched by community representatives through maps available in the
community settlement planning document (known as RPP)

Spatial data conversion

Maps in community settlement planning document (RPP) was considered as a valuable
spatial information that needs to be validated and preserved. For this purpose, OSM was
chosen as the tool to store and publish the maps created by communities through RPP. In
order to create a large scale map, participatory mapping using OSM Walking Paper can be
done in which the high resolution satellite images are used as background images. Such
participatory mapping is needed to effectively and efficiently cover the 13 affected village
areas. Further, on top of The Walking Paper, identifications and assessments can be done
together with community groups in the affected zones. Alternatively, digital redrawing was
applied for each sketch map in the village in which Bing Satellite Imagery was used as the
reference to georeference spatial objects (e.g. buidlings, roads, rivers) drawn by community
members. The resulting product of such redrawing activity was the GIS data in shapefile
(.shp) format.
II. IMPLEMENTATIONS
II.1. Definition of Area of Project

The Affected area consists of 13 villages in Magelang District. The affected villages from Mt.
Merapi debris-flow lies next to some river, which are Pabelan river, Putih River, Blongkeng
river and Senowo river. The Affected Villages are shown in the map below.

KAB. MAGELANG

Figure 4: Map of Affected Villages in Magelang District

Affected Villages from Pabelan River Debris Flow

1. Adikarto Village
Adikarto Village located in Muntilan Sub-district, and is situated right next to Pabelan River.
The village’s boundaries are:
North Side : Pabelan and Menayu village
East Side : Menayu and Congkrange village
South Side : Tanjung and Progowati village
West Side : Ngrajek and Pabelan village
Adikarto has an area of 145.90 Ha, and a population of 3,265, consists of 1,689 female
residents and 1,576 male residents. The number of household in this village is 917.

2. Gondosuli Village
Gondosuli Village located in Muntilan sub-district and also situated right next to Pabelan
river. The boundaries are as follow:
North side : Gondowangi village
East side : Banyubiru village
South Side : Sedayu village
West Side : Taman Agung village
Gondosuli has an area of 323.56 Ha, with population of 3,770, consists of 2,174 female
residents and 1,596 male residents. The number of household in this village is 976.

3. Gondowangi village
Gondowangi village located in Sawangan sub-district and situated next to Pabelan River. The
boundaries of Gondowangi village are as follows:
North : Mangunsari and Sawangan
East : Banyubiru
South : Gondosuli and Taman Agung
West : Mangun Sari and Pager Sari
Gondowangi has an area of 396.40 Ha, with population of 5.740, consists of 2,940 female
residents and 2,800 male residents. The number of households in this village is 1,658.

4. Krogowanan village
Krogowanan village located in Sawangan sub-district lies next to Pabelan River. The
boundaries of Krogowanan village are as follows:
North : Jati and Gantang village
East : Kapuhan village
South : Mangunsoko and Banyudono village
West : Sawangan village
Krogowanan has an area of 302.28 Ha, with population of 3,630; consist of 1,829 female
residents and 1,801 male residents. The number of households in this village is 1,074.

5. Ngrajek village
Ngrajek village located in Mungkid sub-district, next to Pabelan river. The boundaries of
Ngrajek village are as follows:
North : Rambeanak and Paremonovillage
East : Pabelan and Adikarto village
South : Progowati and Mendut village
West : Rambeanak village
Ngrajek has an area of 281.10 Ha, with the population of 3,098; consists of 1,193 female
residents and 1.905 male residents. The number of households in this village is 921.

6. Progowati village
Progowati village is located in Mungkid sub-district, next to Pabelan River. The boundaries
of Progowati village are as follows:
North : Ngrajek and Mendut village
East : Adikarto, Tanjung, Sokorini and Blongkeng village
South : Candirejo and Sambeng village
West : Candirejo, Wanurejo, and Mendut village
Progowati village has an area of 270.00 Ha, with population of 4,021; consists of 2,077
female residents and 1,944 male residents. The number of households in this village is 1,142.

7. Taman Agung village

Taman Agung village is located in Muntilan sub-district, situated next to Pabelan River. The
boundaries of Taman Agung village are as follows:
North : Gondowangi village
East : Gondosuli and Sedayu village
South : Pucungrejo and Keji village
West : Bojong village
Desa Progowati has an area of 306.81 Ha, with population of 9,399, consists of 4,615 female
residents and 5,234 male residents. The number of households in this village is 2,693 KK.

Affected Villages from Putih River Debris Flow

8. Blongkeng village
Blongkeng is one of the village in Ngluwar sub-district. This village situated next to Putih
River. The boundaries are:
North : Sirahan village
East : Plosogede village
South : Sumbeng village
West : Sumbeng village
Blongkeng has an area of 207.73 Ha, with population of 2.965 consists of 1.501 female
residents and 1,464 male residents. The number of households in this village is 823.

9. Gulon village
Gulon is the name of one of the village in Salam sub-district. This village is also situated next
to Putih River. The village’s boundaries are:
North : Ketunggeng and Muntilan
East : Bringin
South : Jumoyo and Seloboro
West : Gunung Pring and Ngawen
Gulon has an area of 483.00 Ha, with population of 7.684, consists of 3,932 female residents
and 3,752 male residents.

10. Seloboro village

Seloboro village is located in Salam sub-district, next to Putih River. The boundaries are as
follows:
North : Gulon
East : Jumoyo
South : Tirto and Tresangede
West : Sirahan
Seloboro has an area of 147.00 Ha, with population of 2,152 consists of 1,188 female
residents and 964 male residents. The number of households is 687.

11. Sirahan village

Sirahan village is located in Salam sub-district, next to Putih River. The boundaries are:
North : Ngawen and Seloboro
East : Seloboro and Tresangede
South : Plosogede
West : Sriwedari and Ngawen
Sirahan has an area of 274.63 Ha, with the total population is 3,490, consists of 1,709 female
residents, and 1,781 male residents. The number of households in this village is 1,041.

The Affected Villages from Blongkeng River Debris Flow

12. Banyudono village
Banyudono is located in Dukun sub-district, situated next to Blongkeng River. This village
has boundaries as follows:
North : Krogowanan and Mangunsoko
East : Mangunsoko and Dukun
South : Dukun and Banyubiru
West : Krogowanan and Sawangan
Banyudono has an area of 348.83 Ha, with population of 5,305, consists of 2,595 female
residents, and 2,710 male residents. The number of households in this village is 1,596.

Affected Villages from Senowo River Debris Flow

13. Dukun Village

Dukun village is located Dukun sub-district, situated next to Senowo River. The boundaries
are:
North : Mangunsoko
East : Sumber
South : Kalibening and Wates
West : Banyudono, Banyubiru and Ngadipuro
Dukun has an area of 326.00 Ha, with population of 5,216 consists of 2,682 female residents,
and 2,534 male residents. The number of households is 1,559.

II.2. Project Activities

The mapping activities have been done trough the following steps:

A. Project Preparation

The project team members conduct internal meeting facilitated by LPPM and faculty of
Engineering. In addition to that, the team members followed OSM training in order to
advance it understanding further on OSMthrough practice sessions.
B. Stakeholder meeting

The project conducted visit to meet REKOMPAK team and facilitators on the field in order
to get to know about the project and in order to coordinate about the mapping activities.

C. Spatially-reference community data collection

The goal of this step is to have community data published in OSM though validation and
verification processes. The detail steps of the process are given as follow:

1. Community-based data collection and mapping

a. Collecting Hardcopy of Community Hand-drawn Map (RPP) in 13 Villages.
Community Hand-drawn Map (RPP) is a map made by community facilitated by
facilitator. There are many kinds of maps produced by community. All maps from the
community are maps without scale, projection systems and came with different sizes.
The informations from each village also varied. Below are the examples of
Community Hand-drawn Maps (RPP):
 Figure 5: Hardcopy of Community Hand-drawn Map (RPP)

The result of Community Hand-drawn Map (RPP) further intergrated by fasilitators

(REKOMPAK). In order to simplify the analysis, hardcopy of RPP document should
be scanned with *.jpg or *.pdf extension. Since these scanned maps were
unreferenced, the next step is to make all of the files georeferenced. The maps for
each village generally consist of these maps:
1) Peta administrasi 12) Peta evakuasi lahar
2) Peta air bersih 13) Peta fasilitas sosial dan fasilitas
3) Peta analisisi ekonomi umum
4) Peta analisis fisik 14) Peta kondisi jalan
5) Peta analisis jalan 15) Peta listrik
6) Peta analisis kependudukan 16) Peta penduduk
7) Peta analisis sarpras 17) Peta rawan bencana
8) Peta analisis sosial budaya 18) Peta persampahan
9) Peta analisis permukiman 19) Peta sanitasi
10) Peta drainase 20) Peta Tata guna lahan
11) Peta evakuasi erupsi

Figure 6: Softcopy of Community Hand-drawn Map (RPP)

b. Digitizing Scanned RPP (GIS Processes)
Digitations are a process to convert raster data into vector data. The base map that was
used to assist in digitation processes is Satellite Aerial Image from Bing Imagery.
Data from RPP (scanned maps) and BIG (village boundaries) were plotted to the
aerial image to identify the exact location, as well as their shape. Each category from
the RPP data was further classified into different layers. For example, public facilities
in each village were grouped into a layer of “public facilities”.

c. Development of Mapping Specification and Standard Operating Procedure

A technical specification of mapping processes was developed to ensure the quality of
the result. The technical specification was made with the corresponding scale for the
expected map (i.e. 1:2500 to 1:5000). Those scales were chosen to deal with the area
of the villages, which varied from large area to smaller ones.
A list of Exposure, Vulnerability and Capacity mapping components were created to
guide the participatory mapping and validation processes in the community. The
attributes of the data was also selected and determined to compromise existing list of
attributes from the RPPs.
In order to comply with the requirements of the data to be uploaded to
OpenStreetMap (OSM) server, a set of so called ‘presets’ or data attributes collection
were developed. The preset contains standardized field names and attribute values
which adapt OpenStreetMap default tag and key values, with slight modifications
where needed.
d. Attribute data completion
As the exact position of RPP data has been determined, the attribute data, which are
also from RPP documents, were given to the corresponding features. Some problems
with the attribute data is that it isn’t always represent correct feature in the real world,
or sometimes came with incomplete data. In order to fill this gap, additional processes
were conducted in form of public participation, i.e. participatory map verification,
which will be described in the next point.
e. REKOMPAK/facilitator meeting
As an initial step prior to the participatory mapping, a small group meeting was held
with the facilitator team from REKOMPAK. This meeting was held to obtain more
actual information of the residents in target villages. The meeting was held twice in
each region. The upper villages’ region meeting was held in Dukun village, and
consist of 6 villages in total. The rest of the villages’ meeting was held in Gulon
village.

Figure 7: Collecting Data and meeting with facilitators

f. Community meetings/Map Verification
Digitized data from RPP are sometimes misleading, as the spatial and attribute aspect
of the feature are based merely on visual interpretation of the satellite imagery. Thus,
the data needs to be verified in order to guarantee its quality. Public participation was
used in this process, where focal points (representation of residents of the villages) sat
together to identify the result of previous map making processes.
Digitized maps from RPP documents were printed in large piece of paper with legend
that explains each of the preset categories. The focal points were then asked to verify
whether those data are correct or not, or whether it needs additional data or reduce the
existing data. All of this was done by drawing the correct version on top of the printed
maps and participation forms, assisted by facilitators. The result is a village map
which have a minimum error and complete attribute data.
Commity meetings involving representatives from 13 villages.
Cluster 1 : Gulon, Seloboro, Sirahan, Blongkeng
Cluster II: Tamanagung, Gondosuli, Banyudono, Dukun
Cluster III : Adikarto, Progowati, Ngrajek
Cluster IV : Gondowangi, Krogowanan
Figure 8: Verification Activity with representative of each village.
 Formulir Usulan Upload Data Rencana per-Kategori
Tanggal/ Jam Validasi : Desa :
Fasilitator Pemetaan : Kecamatan :
Narasumber :
Peserta Validasi :

Tindak Lanjut
No Kategori dalam RPP Usulan
Ya Tidak
 Formulir Validasi Peta RPP per-Kategori
Tanggal/ Jam Validasi : Desa :
Fasilitator Pemetaan : Kecamatan :
Narasumber :
Peserta Validasi :

No Kategori dalam RPP Anotasi Hasil Validasi Warga Catatan

Jalur Evakuasi Lahar

1 JEL
Dingin

2 Jalur Evakuasi Erupsi JEE

Tempat Pengungsian
3 TPA
Akhir
Tempat Pengungsian
4 TPS
Sementara
DRE
5 Daerah Rawan Erupsi

Daerah Rawan Lahar

6 DRL
Dingin

7 Daerah Terdampak DTK

8 Batas Desa BDS

9 Batas Dusun BDU

10 Sungai SNG

11 Jalan JLN
12 Fasum :
a) Puskesmas PKS
b) Balai Desa BD
c) Gereja GRJ
d) Kamar Mandi KMU
Umum
e) Makam MKM
f) Mesjid MJD
g) Pasar PSR
h) Pos Ronda POS
i) Rumah RMH
j) Sekolah SKL
g. Updating The Maps and Map Finalization
The existing village map database was then updated with new data from the previous
step. The corrections were to add new features, modify misplaced data, and to update
an incomplete and/or wrong data.
As a result of this process, proper map components and layout were added. The
information that was provided by the maps are:
a. Lahar Evacuation route (Jalur evakuasi lahar dingin)
b. Merapi Eruption Evacuation Route (Jalur evakuasi erupsi)
c. Evacuation points: Final Refugee Post and Temporary Refugee Post (Pos
evakuasi: tpa dan tps)
d. Disaster Prone Areas: Eruption, Lahar, and affected area (Daerah rawan bencana:
erupsi, lahar dingin, dan area terdampak)
e. Administrative boundaries: Hamlets and Villages (Batas administrasi: dusun dan
desa)
f. Rivers: Stream and Creek (Sungai: besar dan kecil)
g. Roads: Tertiary roads, secondary roads, and primary roads (Jalan: jalan desa, jalan
kabupaten, jalan lingkungan)
h. Public Facilities (Fasilitas umum), consist of:
1) Health center (Puskesmas)
2) Village Meeting Hall (Balai desa)
3) Church (Gereja)
4) Public Toilets (Kamar mandi umum)
5) Cemetery (Makam)
6) Mosque (Masjid)
7) Market (Pasar)
8) Security Post (Pos ronda)
9) Houses (Rumah)
10) Schools (Sekolah)
 Below is an example of the final REKOMPAK map with layout:

Figure 9: Picture of final layout

2. GIS & Studio works

 Compilation and synchronization of collected participatory data
All of the data (raw data from RPPs and processed participatory map) were compiled
into a spatial database. Each feature is grouped based on the village where it is
located. A metadata was also described for each of the data so as to make the data
more understandable for the people who want to use the data.

 Performing GIS Analyses on the collected data

GIS analyses were performed to identify which features in the village that is affected
by the disaster (lahar flood and Merapi eruption), and which features is located in area
that is prone to the disasters. As a result, a list of further mitigation efforts could be
determined to prevent more losses in the disaster event.
  Uploading the data to OpenStreetMap (OSM) Server
In order to optimize the dissemination of the data and to encourage the community to
participate in building their own spatially-enabled disaster data, the data were
uploaded into OpenStreetMap, which provides tools for participatory and online
mapping.

3. Community Training and Assistance in Participatory Mapping Processes

The Community Training and Assistance in Participatory Mapping Processes had been done
in the Office of Bappeda Kabupaten Magelang. The participants of the training were the
representatives from 13 targeted villages that have been facilitated by REKOMPAK project
as well as REKOMPAK facilitators and staff from local agencies. In total, 30 persons
participated in the training activity. Training topics include techniques to edit, to validate and
correct geometry and attribute errors, to add new data, to upload and to maintain community
data utilising OpenStreetmap (OSM). Among the objectives of this training is to facilitate the
community representatives in the targeted 13 villages to be able to utilise OSM data in order
to support their needs to develop their own contingency plan.

This training, held on On 10th Nopember 2012, involving representatives from 13 villages in
Magelang.
 The training activity include the following topics:
A. introduction to OSM
In this step,OpenStreetMap is introduced to help participants get started with
OSM. OSM is simple enough that participants can get started creating maps, and can
do more interesting things.
OpenStreetMap is a tool for creating and sharing map information. Anyone
can contribute to OSM, and thousands of people add to the project every day.
Drawing a map on a computer is not all that different from drawing on paper. The
participants still draw lines to represent roads, fields, and anything else, and still
represent all the other things with symbols. The important thing is that OSM maps
are saved on the internet, and anyone can access them at any time. First of all, The
participants have to an email address to sign up in website OpenStreetMap. If they
don't have an email address,the trainers will help to sign up for one. There are many
websites where they can get a free email address, such as www.gmail.com or
mail.yahoo.com.
B. Introduction on the use of JOSM software
In this step, the participants learned how to download and install JOSM, the
Java OpenStreetMap software editor. JOSM is a software application for OSM that
enable users (known as contributors) to add, edit, download and upload data. The
participants learned the interface and basic operations of this software as well as the
main use of this software in participatory mapping activities.

C. Download data via JOSM

The participants started to download their existing data particulary the data
located in their villages. Through this activity, they could examined whether the
spatial data that have been uploaded is correct or not. They could modify the data
based on their knowledge on the villages.

D. Using Bing Sattelite Imagery as the Background

In this step, the participants could add new features in forms of nodes, lines
and polygons on their JOSM canvas as a result of drawing or digiting process. For
effective and accurate digitizing process, participants were asked to use high-
resolution satellite imagery (Bing Sattelite Imagery) to help participants draw building
features on top of their map.

G. OpenStreetMap editing with JOSM

The participants learned on how to edit the data in OpenStreetMap server
using JOSM as a platform. The editing part includes exercises on how to draw new
features (polygon and lines) on top the Bing Imagery using JOSM. Subsequently,
exercises were also guided activities to modify/update the spatial attribute of the data
(such as to change its shape or move the feature to a new location). Also, the
participants were introduced to use and implement presets available in JOSM, and
how do they could add or modify the attributes of the feature. All of this were done in
the participant’s village, respectively. This way, they could add the data in
OpenStreetMap server based on their local knowledge and actual condition on their
own village.
H. Upload changes to OSM and see the changes on the Map
Once participants were able to change and edit the data, the participants were
asked to upload the new data they entered or the correction they made onto OSM via
JOSM. They could see the effect from the changes they made by opening the
http://openstreetmap.org/ and then searching for their own village.
 J. OSM data download through HOT-Export
The participants learned to use the HOT-Export website (http://hot-
export.geofabrik.de) to download any available OSM data in their village. They also
learned to use some existing presets. During the training, the building preset that is
available from http://josm.openstreetmap.de/wiki/Presets/building.xml was used as
the example.
 Target of Training
 Local communities of targeted villages
 REKOMPAK facilitators
 Local agencies in Kabupaten Magelang including Bappeda and BPBD
 Invitation to participants
Attached
 Training materials
Attached
 Training’s Schedule
Attached

All the subjects were successfully covered. The training was opened by head of section for
Infrastructure and Planning of Bappeda Magelang, Ir. Bambang Sudono and were facilitated
by team of LPPM UGM. The training activity has successfully introduced:
 The dissemination of the results of participatory mapping to local communities at
13 villages facilitated by REKOMPAK.
 The principle of collaborative mapping using OpenStreetMap (OSM) to local
communities and REKOMPAK Facilitators
 JOSM as the OSM tool to the community representatives in the 13 targeted
villages to add, modify and update the data in OpenStreetMap
Figure 10. Community Training Activity and Assistance in Participatory Mapping Processes

4. Result of Participatory Mapping Activities

The result of this project is a spatial database based upon the existing condition of basic
features including houses and roads in forms of hardcopy and softcopy maps. These maps are
based on Community HandDrawn Maps from REKOMPAK project activities. Below are
some examples of the final draft of the maps. After the map production, verification and
validation were done to ensure the OSM data quality.

that the
 Figure 11. Picture of Hardcopy Maps

All map features were taken from Community Settlement Planning (CSP) or known as RPP.
Once the data were uploaded, these data can now be accessed online by local communties as
well as local government agencies and relevant stakeholders. Here's an example of the
building and road features that had been uploaded.

Figure 12. Screenshots of uploaded data in OpenStreetMap Server

III. RESULTS AND LESSONT-LEARNT
III.1. Results
The results of the project can be drawn as a list of outcomes below:
1. A GIS database that consists of village-level spatail data and attributes regarding:
- Sub-village boundaries and basic infrastructures (road, drainage)
- Lahar-flood impacted area
- Community settlement planning
in 13 villages facilitated by REKOMPAK project
2. Digital and hardcopy village maps as the result of digitalization process
3. OSM data reprenting REKOMPAK community maps
4. Training materials
5. Technical specification on community mapping using OSM for REKOMPAK and
other similar community-based mapping projects

III.2. Analysis

From executing the project activities, analysis regarding mapping process and capacity
development can be made.

III.2.1. Community Mapping Process

The REKOMPAK project has mandated that the community maps were mandatory for
community when developing community settlement planning. This has been an appropriate
approach to collect and manage community aspirations and ideas on their own neighborhood
and further on their plans about their environment. Unfortunately the community maps that
were facilitated by REKOMPAK project mostly was a collection of sketch maps where each
community topic of interect was drawn as a single map. As a sketch map, the map was really
not a map since it has no coordinate reference either is not scalable although the field
measurements were done but the field measurements were stored as the table only and not
represented on the map.

From that situation, topographic condition and community infrastructure location in the
community area could not be captured accurately yet effectively. Further the aggregation of
village maps in a single adminitrative boundary (e.g. sub district or district) will be
impossible to be reached. Hence, further use of the community maps will only be limited to
serve that specific project goal as the supplementary materials to the community planning.
Further use for data compilation and integration broader from the scope of the project is
lacking. In addition to that, given the nature of the skecth maps is not in the digital format,
data sharing and publication became difficult. This will hinder plannng transparency and
broader community participation.

With the introduction of the OSM to the data, the community maps now became more useful
and accessible. It is more useful as the maps are now scalable and have georeferenced so they
can be integrated with other spatial data for supporting local planning and monitoring
activities. It is more accessible as more community members can access and download the
community data thus neighborhood infrastructures can be validated and mapped in detail.

During the project activities, data conversion from community sketch maps into GIS data
(that then be converted into OSM data) needs at least three essential steps to follow:
1. Data conversion through digitizing process
This process consist of manual redrawing of sketch maps and CSP in 13 villages. In
order to aid the process, satellite imageries on the area help operators to identify and
reconstruct the spatial features drawn. The data quality depends highly on the quality
of the original sketch maps and RPP as well as on the operator skills. For this purpose,
backup and confirmation from project facilitators that involved in the community
mapping process became essential to improve efficiency of the process.
2. Data verification and validation
This process were done through a mapping session by face-to-face meeting involving
community representatives in 13 villages.
3. Data publication
This process includes the selection of spatial features to be uploaded and the use of
OSM editing software like JOSM to prepare and upload community data into the
OSM web.
III.2.1. Capacity development

During the coordination and consultation with the government agencies, validation and
verification activities that innvolve community members and village officers as well as
REKOMPAK facilitators, it can be concuded that:
1. Government agency could potentially use the available community-based plans and
maps using Opensource application and tool but the capacity to do this has not been
there because there is no mandating policy to use and implement GIS tools to collect
and organise community-based maps in order to support local planning.
2. Community representatives could work effectively and efficiently in a group using a
map when doing validation and verification the digital map (converted CSP) using
hardcopy maps.
3. Community representatives and facilitators were very enthusiastic in learning on how
to use OSM as the platform for community mapping.
4. REKOMPAK Facilitators were able to swiftly work with OSM tools so future
participatory mapping would potentially be mandated to be done using OSM tools or
any digital open mapping tools.
IV. CONCLUDING REMARKS
This project has significantly reached the objective based on the following facts and
observation:

IV.1. Conclusion

The objective is: To Support Merapi contingency plan development in Central Java and
Yogyakarta in particular, the Capacity building with BPBDs to collect exposure and
important facilities in the community through data conversion and community mapping
activities in 13 impacted villages linked with REKOMPAK project. This objective has been
done through coordination, validation, verification using OpenStreetMap in 13 impacted
villages, where communities and REKOMPAK facilitators have been actively involved in the
process. Community-based spatial preparedness data have been collected and combined into
a spatial database. The data were also disseminated through OpenStreetMap server to
encourage community to contribute and validate the infastructure and disaster preparedness
related data.
Specific Objectives Conclusion in terms of milestones
To support Merapi contingency plan  Collected and integrated existing data
development (hand drawn map) from local
communities into GIS ready map.
 Coordinated meetings with
REKOMPAK facilitators regarding
the GIS data.
The Capacity building with BPBDs to collect  Successful community meetings in 13
exposure and important facilities in the villages resulting spatially-referenced
community participatory planning
 Successfully held the OpenStreetMap
training between Bappeda,
REKOMPAK fasilitators and village
representatives to introduce
OpenStreetMap as a platform for
participatory mapping.
Community mapping activities in 13  All of the data had been uploaded to
impacted villages linked with REKOMPAK OpenStreetMap server and is ready to
 project be used by stakeholders and
government agencies.
 The participant of the
OpenStreetMap training were
successfully add, modify, and update
the data in their own village.

IV.2. Suggestions

From the project activities, some suggestions can be given:

1. REKOMPAK’s CSP has been proven to be detailed and well-planned document that
will be very unfortunate if the community maps in the document were not digialised.
Now it becomes an open quetion how about other REKOMPAK’ CSPs? Where would
they be stored by the community, found by other community members and
stakeholders and updated for other projects?
2. In-place policy is required to push local government agencies and communities to
complete community maps using GIS tools that allow the collection and management
of community maps as digital maps.
3. Community settlement planning should adopt georeferenced maps instead of had-
drawn maps for the sake of their potential to be integrated and used for supporting
local planning and disaster mitigation.
4. More capacity development for community members and local government agencies
on OSM and community mapping processes will be needed to improve community
representatives and local staff’ skills on survei and mapping, including the use of
OSM.
5. Technical specification and organization of information that have been proposed in
this project need to be assessed its potential to be used as a common guideline and
further to be used as a standard for REKOMPAK and similar community-based
projects that require community mapping process.
6. More systematic approach involving universities, local government, and community
as well as project donors are required to empower community representatives in
digitalizing spatial features of other CSPs so large scale maps depicting detail location
 information and status about infrastructures and settlements can be provided for all
villages facilitated by REKOMPAK and other similar projects.
7. A showcase on the usefulness of integration of spatially-referenced community data
and government data for supporting planning and disaster management purposes is
needed to be created in the Project area in order to raise awareness and further to
improve utilization of geospatial data for community development. The use of
internet, open tools and open data will provide a good example to boost community
and stakeholders’ interest to work with maps and spatial data in dealing with their
local planning challenges. A local spatial data infrastructure could be the next
necessary platform to be developed for realizing such a showcase.