Kens Metal Brochure PDF

KENS METAL INDUSTRIES LTD.
KENS METAL INDUSTRIES is a leading supplier and manufacturer of Engineering

Materials in the East African region. The company operates under ISO 9001:2008
standards offering a wide range of FERROUS and NON FERROUS METALS to meet
demands of various sectors such as Mining, Construction, Cement, Sugar,
Pharmaceutical , General Engineering and other industries.
Stockist Of:
• Stainless Steel
• Engineering Steel
• Wear Resistant Steel
• Mild Steel
• Tool steel
• Copper based Alloys (Brass, Bronze, Copper)
• Cast Iron
• Aluminium
• Nylon
Services Available:
Cutting facilities - Water Jet CNC
- Laser CNC
- Wire cut CNC
- Plasma CNC
- Oxy-gas Cut CNC
- Horizontal and Vertical Bandsaw
- Shearing and Bending
Casting Facilities - Continuous Casting

- Sand Casting
- Pressure Die Casting
- Gravity Casting
- Investment Casting
Forging
Extrusion
Metal Analysis through Spectrometers
1
Index Pg No.
STAINLESS STEEL G 304 SHEETS / TUBES / RODS / FITTINGS / PIPES 2/3

G 316 SHEETS / TUBES / RODS / FITTINGS / PIPES 4
G 205 SHEETS / TUBES 5
G 304/316 FITTINGS 6
G430/ G309 SHEETS 7
ENGINEERING STEEL EN 8 RODS 8

EN 9 RODS 9
EN 19 RODS 10
EN 24 RODS / PLATE 11
HOLLOW STEEL 12
WEAR PLATE ROC 400 13

OVERLAY PLATES CHROME CARBIDE 14
CUTTING EDGE 14
MILD STEEL PLATES / RODS / PROFILES 15

SEAMLESS PIPES SCH 20 & SCH 40 & SCH 80 & SCH 160 16
FITTINGS SCH 40 & SCH 80 17
TOOL STEEL COLD WORK D2 RODS / FLATS 18
HOT WORK H10 / H13 RODS / FLATS 19
PLASTIC MOULD P20 RODS / FLATS 20
BRONZE LG2, PB1, AB2 RODS / PROFILES / INGOTS 21/22

COPPER / WHITE METAL / PURE METALS RODS / PROFILES / SHEETS / TUBES / INGOTS 23
BRASS RODS / BUSBAR / EARTHING TAPE / SHEETS 24
CAST IRON RODS / PROFILES 25

DUCTILE CAST IRON RODS / PROFILES 26
ALUMINIUM ENG ALU 7075 RODS / FLATS 27
AA1050 / 6063 SHEETS / RODS/ANGLES 27
NYLON POM C / PA6 / NYLUBE RODS / SHEETS 28/29

TEFLON PTFE RODS / SHEETS 30
TUFNOL FIBRE SHEET 31
HARD CHROME SHAFTS 31

GRAPHITE CRUCIBLES/ BAND SAW BLADES 31
APPENDIX 1 HARDNESS CONVERSION CHART

APPENDIX 2 DEFINITIONS
APPENDIX 3 HARDNESS VALUES, ABBREVIATIONS, FORMULAE FOR
THEORITICAL MASS CALCULATION
APPENDIX 4 SOME FACTS ABOUT ALLOYING & ACCOMPANYING
ELEMENTS IN STEEL
Stainless Steel
GRADE 304
Summary 3. PROPERTIES AT SUB-ZERO TEMPERATURES
G304 is the most versatile and the most widely used of all Temperature °C -78 -161 -196
stainless steels. Its chemical composition, mechanical
properties, weldability and corrosion/oxidation resistance Tensile Strength MPa 1100 1450 1600
provide the best all-round performance stainless steel at Proof Stress (Offset 0.2%) MPa 300 380 400
relatively low cost. It also has excellent low temperature Impact Strength (Charpy V-Notch) J 180 160 155
properties and responds well to hardening by cold working.
4. CORROSION RESISTANCE
Aqueous
Typical Applications
As a rough guide the following examples are given for
G304 is used in all industrial, commercial and domestic certain pure acid-water mixtures-
fields because of its good corrosion and heat resisting
properties, Some applications include: Temperature °C 20 80
Tanks and containers for a large variety of liquids and
Concentration
solids. Process equipment in the mining, chemical, % by mass 10 20 40 60 80 100 10 20 40 60 80 100
cyrogenic, food, dairy and pharmaceutical industries.
Sulphuric Acid 2 2 2 2 1 0 2 2 2 2 2 2
Nitric Acid 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 1 2
Phosphoric Acid 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 2
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION Formic Acid 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 2 1 0
C Mn P S Si Cr Ni Key:
0.08Max 2.0 0.045 0.03 1.0 18.0 to 20.0 8.0 to 10.5 0=resistant -corrosion rate less than 100µm/year
1=partly resistant -corrosion rate 100µ to1000µm/year
2=non-resistant -corrosion rate more than 1000µm/year
Typical Properties In The Annealed Condition
The properties quoted in this publication are typical of mill Atmospheric
production and unless indicated should not be regarded as The performance of G304 compared with other metals in
guaranteed minimum values for specification purposes. various environments is shown in the following table- the
corrosion rates are based on 10 years exposure.
1. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE
Environment corrosion rate(µm/year)
Typical Min
G304 Aluminium-3S Mild Steel
Tensile Strength MPa 600 515 Rural 0.0025 0.025 5.8
Proof Stress (Offset 0.2%) MPa 310 205 Marine 0.0076 0.432 34.0
Marine Industrial 0.0076 0.686 46.2
Elongation (Percent in 50mm) 60 40
Hardness (Brinell) 170 - Thermal Processing
Endurance (fatigue) limit MPa 240 - 1. Annealing. Heat from 1010°C to 1120°C and cool
rapidly in air or water. The best corrosion
resistance is obtained when the final annealing is
2. PROPERTIES AT ELEVATED TEMPERATURES above 1070°C and cooling is rapid.
2. Hot working.
Time Elevated Temperature Tensile Strength Initial forging and pressing 1150°C to 1260°C
Temperature °C 600 700 800 900 1000 Finishing temperature 900 to 925°C
Tensile Strength MPa 380 270 170 90 50 All hot working operations should be followed by
annealing.
Creep Data Stress for a creep rate of 1% in 10 000h
Temperature °C 550 600 650 700 800 Note: soaking times to ensure uniformity of temperature are
longer for stainless steel than for carbon steel -
Strees MPa 120 80 50 30 10
approximately 1 ½ times.
Maximum Recommended Service Temperature Cold Working

(Oxidising Conditions) G304 being extremely tough and ductile, are readily
Continuous Service 925 °C fabricated by cold working. Typical operations include
Intermittent Service 850 °C bending, forming, deep drawing and upsetting.
2
Stainless Steel
STD. STOCK SIZES
S S SHEETS GRADE 304 S S ROUND TUBES GRADE 304, ST. STEEL ROUND TUBE
Size Thick mm Kg/Sheet 5.8MTRS LENGTH SCH. 40 G.304 - 5.8 MTR LENGTH
8' x 4' 0.5 11.4 Diameter Kg/mtr Thickness Dia Size Wt
8' x 4' 0.6 14 ½" 0.27 1.0mm O.D x Thickness Kg/Mtr
8' x 4' 0.8 19 5/8" 0.34 1.0mm ½" 21.34 x 2.77 1.29
8' x 4' 1.0 24 ¾" 0.44 1.0mm
¾" 26.67 x 2.87 1.71
¾" 0.53 1.2mm
8' x 4' 1.2 28 1" 33.40 x 3.38 2.54
¾" 0.59 1.5mm
8' x 4' 1.5 35 1" 0.60 1.0mm 1 ¼" 42.16 x 3.56 3.44
8' x 4' 2.0 47 1" 0.72 1.2mm
1 ½" 48.26 x 3.68 4.10
8' x 4' 2.5 58 1" 0.90 1.5mm
8' x 4' 3.0 70 1 ¼" 0.76 1.0mm 2" 60.33 x 3.91 5.50
8' x 4' 4.0 94 1 ¼" 0.92 1.2mm 2 ½" 73.03 x 5.16 8.80
8' x 4' 5.0 117 1 ¼" 1.15 1.5mm
3" 88..90 x 5.49 11.50
1 ½" 1.11 1.2mm
8' x 4' 6.0 140 4" 114.30 x 6.02 16.30
1 ½" 1.39 1.5mm
8' x 4' 8.0 188 2" 1.49 1.2mm 5” 141.50 x 6.55 22.20
8' x 4' 10.0 234 2" 1.86 1.5mm
8' x 4' 12.0 280 2 ½” 2.29 1.5mm 6" 168.28 x 7.11 28.70
8' x 4' 15.0 351 3" 2.62 1.5mm
8' x 4' 20.0 468 4" 3.73 1.5mm
6" 7.48 2.0mm ST. STEEL ROUND TUBE
8' x 4’ 25.0 585 SCH. 10 G.304 - 5.8 MTR LENGTH
8' x 4' 40.0 936 Dia Size Wt
S S SQUARE TUBES GRADE 304,
8' x 4’ 50.0 1170 5.8MTRS LENGTH O.D x Thickness Kg/Mtr
Size Kg/mtr Thickness 3/8” 17.15 x 2.11 0.60
S.S CHEQURED
Size Thick mm Kg/Sheet ¾" x ¾" 0.58 1.0mm ½" 21.34 x 2.11 1.02
8x4 2 mm 47.00 1" x 1" 0.77 1.0mm ¾" 26.67 x 2.11 1.30
8x4 3 mm 70.00 1" x 1" 0.9 1.2mm 1" 33.40 x 2.77 2.10
1”X1” 1.13 1.5mm 2.70
1 ¼" 42.16 x 2.77
S S RODS GRADE 304 11/4x11/4” 1.13 1.2mm
1 ½" 48.26 x 2.77 3.16
Size mm Kg/m Size mm Kg/m 11/2”x11/2” 1.42 1.2mm
11/2”x11/2” 1.76 1.5mm 2" 60.33 x 2.77 4.00
3 0.06 50 15.3
11/2”x11/2” 2.04 2.0mm 2 ½" 73.03 x 3.05 5.30
4.5 0.13 55 18.5
6 0.25 60 22.1 2”x 2” 2.13 1.2mm 3" 88..90 x 3.05 6.60
8 0.4 65 24.8 2”x 2” 2.39 1.5mm 4" 114.30 x 3.05 8.50
10 0.6 70 30.0 2”x 2” 3.13 2.0mm 11.4
5" 141.50 x 3.20
12 0.9 75 35.7 3”x 3” 6.38 3.0mm
6" 168.28 x 3.40 14.0
16 1.6 80 39.0
20 2.5 90 48.6 8" 219.08 x 3.76 20.3
S S RECTANGULAR TUBES
25 3.8 100 61.8 GRADE 304, 5.8MTRS LENGTH 10" 273.05 x 4.19 28.2
30 5.5 125 94.3 12” 323.85 x 4.58 36.5
Size Kg/mtr Thickness
35 7.5 150 136.5
40 9.8 180 200.0 11/2” x ¾" 1.37 1.5mm
S S ANGLES GRADE 304
45 12.2 200 247.0 2" x 1" 1.77 1.5mm
3" x 11/2" 3.93 2.0mm Size Kg/m
S S FLATS GRADE 304 20 x 20 x 3mm 1.0
4”X2” 6.24 3.0mm
Size Kg/m 6”x3” 10.56 3.0mm 25 x 25 x 3mm 1.2
25 x 4mm 0.8 30 x 30 x 3mm 1.3
40 x 4mm 1.3 40 x 40 x 4mm 2.4
50 x 5mm 1.9 50 x 50 x 3mm 2.4
60 x 6mm 2.9 50 x 50 x 5mm 3.7
60 x 60 x 6mm 5.2
80 x 80 x 6mm 7.4
3
Stainless Steel
GRADE 316
SUMMARY Properties at Sud-Zero Temperature (316)
316 is an improved version of 304, with the addition of Temperature °C -78 -161 -196
molybdenum and a slightly higher nickel content. The resultant
composition of 316 gives the steel much increased corrosion Proof stress (0.2% Offset) Mpa 400 460 580
resistance in many aggressive environments. The Tensile Strenght Mpa 820 1150 1300
molybdenum makes steel more resistant to pitting and crevice Impact Strenght (Charoy
corrosion in chloride- contaminated media, sea water and V-Notch) J 180 165 155
acetic acid vapours. The lower rate of general corrosion in
mildly corrosive environment gives the steel good atmospheric Corrosion Resistance
corrosion resistance in polluted marine atmospheres. Aqueous
316 offers higher strength and better creep resistance at higher For specific conditions, consult VRN technical staff. As a rough
temperatures than 304, 316 also possesses excellent guide, the following examples are given for pure acid-
mechanical and corrosion properties at sub-zero watermixtures.
temperatures.
Temperature°C 20 80
TYPICAL APPLICATIONS
because of it superior corrosion and oxidation resistance, good Concentration
mechanical properties and fabricability, 316 has applications in (-%by Mass) 10 20 40 60 80 100 10 20 40 60 80 100
Sulphuric Acid 0 1 2 2 1 0 2 2 2 2 2 2
many sectors of industry. Some of these include: Nitric Acid 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 2
Tanks and storage vessels for corrosive liquids. Phospharic Add 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 1 2
Specialised process equipment in the chemical, food, paper, Formic Acid 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0
mining, pharmaceutical &,petroleum industries. Architectural
applications in highly corrosives environment. Key: 0 = resistant - corrosion rate than100p.m/year
1 = partly reistant - corrosion rate 100m to 1000
Chemical Composition (ASTM A240) p.m/year
2 = non-resistant - corrosion rate more than 1000
C Mn P S Si Cr Ni Mo p.m/year
316 0.08 max 2.0 0.045 0.030 1.0 16.0 10.0 2.00 ST. STEEL ROUND TUBE SCH. 10
G.316 - 5.8 MTR LENGTH
Mechanical Properties at Room Temperature Dia Size Wt

O.D x thick Kg/Mtr
316 S316L 316Ti 1/2" 21.34 X 2.11 1.02
. Typ Min Typ Min Typ Min 3/4" 26.67 X 2.11 1.30
1" 33.40 X 2.77 2.13
Tensile Strength MPa 580 515 570 485 600 515
1 1/2" 48.26 X 2.77 3.16
Proof Stress 2" 60.33 X 2.77 3.99
(0.2% offset) MPa 310 205 300 170 320 205 2 1/2" 73.03 X 3.05 5.34
3" 88. 90 X 3.05 6.56
Elongation 4" 114.30 X 3.05 8.50
(Percent in L=5.65So) 55 40 60 40 50 40 6" 168.28 X 3.41 14.04
Hardness (Brinell) 165 - 165 - 165 - S.S SHEET GRADE 316

Erichsen Cup Test Value mm 8-10 - 10-11 - - - Size Thick KG/SHEET
8’ x 4’ 1.0 24
Endurance (fatigue) limit Mpa 260 - 260 - 260 -
8’ x 4’ 1.5 35
8’ x 4’ 2 47
Short Time Elevated Temperature Tensile Strength
S.S ROD G 316 8’ x 4’ 3 70
Temperature °C 600 700 800 900 1000 8’ x 4’ 4 94
Size mm KG/MTR
Tensile Strength Mpa 460 320 190 120 70 8’ x 4’ 6 140
12 0.9
CREEP DATA 16 1.6 S.S ROUND TUBE G 316
Stree for a creep rate of 1% in 10 000 hours 20 2.5 DIA KG/MTR THICKNESS
Temperature °C 500 600 650 700 800 25 3.8 1/2" 0.48 1.5
30 5.5 1" 0.96 1.5
Tensile Strength Mpa 160 120 90 60 20
40 9.8 11/2" 1.51 1.5
Recommended Maximum Service Temperature 50 15.3 2" 1.88 1.5
(Oxidising Conditions)
65 24.8 2 1/2" 2.35 1.5
Continuous Service 925'C 75 35.7 3" 2.82 1.5
Intermittent Service 870'C 100 61.8
4
Stainless Steel
GRADE - 205 / SSLN1
Stainless steels with Low Nickel are Chrome-Manganese Chrome - Manganese stainless steel can offer good
Austenitic Stainless Steel which are characterized by formability (ductility) and strength. The typical Mechanical
considerably reduced nickel content and addition of properties in annealed condition of these grades are given
manganese, nitrogen and copper. The most typical below.
chrome-manganese grades are referred to simply
according to their nickel content namely ‘4% Nickel’ and 1% GRADE UTS (Mpa) YS (Mpa) % Elongation Hardness
Nickel’
(HRB)
Manganese and Nitrogen additions render this grade more 205 650 min 325 min 40 min 100 Max
economical while endowing it with good strength and high 304 515 min 205 min 40 min 92 Max
formability making it highly suitable for a wide variety of
consumer and structural applications. Significant cost FABRICATION
saving can be achieved by switching products made from Welding
Chromium-Nickel grade 304 to 205. On account of its
Type 205 can be welded by all conventional methods
higher strength, it also provides some advantages over 304
grade in certain structural applications. applied to 18/8 type of austenitic stainless steel. Filler wire
or electrodes of the conventional Chromium-nickel 300
Presence of copper in this steel reduces work hardening series stainless steel can be used.
rate and improves drawability. Nitrogen improves
resistance to printing corrosion. The alloy is non-magnetic Cold Forming
in annealed condition like 304. Thus 205 can display a wide Tough and ductile and readily amenable to drawing,
range of mechanical strength depending on the degree of
bending, stretch forming and spinning.
cold working, which is essential for certain structural
applications.
TYPICAL APPLICATIONS FOR AISI 205
Catering - Shallow/medium drawn utensils, Tableware,

Type 205 can be used in fully annealed condition and in Cutlery, Stands for water filters, In-house water tanks and
temper rolled as well as cold rolled condition.
Dog pots.
CHEMICALS COMPOSITION % 205 Consumer Durables - Steel furniture, Fruit Stands, Flower
vases, Decorative pipes and tubes, Gas stoves and Gift
CARBON (C) 0.12 Max
items.
SILICON (Si) 0.75 Max
MANGANESE (Mn) 10.0 Max Architecture Building and Construction - In-house
CHROMIUM (Cr) 14.00 - 16.00 panels, Hands rails, and Structural support framework,
NICKEL (Ni) 0.9 - 1.7 Door Knobs, Hinges and Dust bin.
PHOSPHOROUS (P) 0.075 Max
Transport - Roll formed sections and Conveyors.
SULPHUR (S) 0.030 Max
COPPER (Cu) 2.2 Max Industrial - Material handling equipment
NITROGEN (N) 0.20 Max
The above grade should not be used for external application in coastal area. This grade is not recommended for
handling / storage of acid and other highly corrosive industrial chemical.
SS SHEET 205 / SSLN1 HAIRLINE FINISH SS ROUND TUBE 205 / SSLN1 SS SQUARE TUBE 205 / SSLN1
Size Thick mm Kg/St Size Thick mm Kg/St Dia Thick mm Kg/Mtr Size Thick mm Kg/Mtr
8' x 4' 0.8 19 8' x 4' 0.8 19 3/4” 1.0 0.44 1" x 1" 1.2 0.92
8' x 4' 1.0 24 8' x 4' 1.0 24 1" 1.5 0.90 1 ¼" x 1 ¼" 1.2 1.18
8' x 4' 1.2 28 8' x 4' 1.2 28 1 ½" 1.5 1.39 1 ½" x 1 ½" 1.5 1.76
8' x 4' 1.5 35 8' x 4' 1.5 35 2" 1.5 1.86 2" x 2" 1.5 2.39
8' x 4' 2.0 47 8' x 4' 2.0 47 2 ½" 1.5 2.29
8' x 4' 3.0 70 3" 1.5 2.62
8' x 4' 4.0 94
8' x 4' 6.0 140
5
Stainless Steel
GRADE 309
GRADE 430 CHEMICALS COMPOSITION %(ASTM A240)
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION SX C Mn P S Si Cr Ni
309s 0.08 Max Max Max Max Max 24.0 15.0
C CR NI MN P S Other
0.12 14-18 0 1.0 ma 0 0 Balance

Alloy 309/309S austenitic stainless steel is typically used
for elevated temperature applications. Its high chromium
and nickel content provides comparable corrosion
resistance, superior resistance to oxidation, and the
retention of a larger fraction of room temperature strength
than the common austenitic Alloy 304.
309 is a highly alloyed austenitic stainless steel used for its

excellent oxidation resistance. high temperature strength
and creep resistance. The lower nickel content of SX309
SS SHEET GRADE 430 MIRROR FINISH PVC improves resistance to sulphur attack at high temperature.
It is tough and ductile. and can be readily fabricated and
SIZE THICKNESS KG/SHEET machined.
8' X 4' 0.6 MM 14
309S is the low-carbon version of 309, and is
8' X 4' 0.7 MM 16
recommended for applications where sensitisation. and
8' X 4' 0.8 MM 19 subsequent corrosion by high temperature gases or
8' X 4' 1.0 MM 24 condensates during shutdown may pose a problem.309 is
manufactured to ASTM A 167 and 309S to ASTM A240
8’ X 4’ 1.5 MM 35
specifications.
SX 309 / 309S is used exclusively for its high temperature
oxidation resistance. It is common for SX 309, 310 and 321
to be used in the same piece of equipment in the various
temperature regions.
Properties at Elevated Temperatures

The values quoted are those for SX 309
Short Time Elevated Temperature Tensile Stress
Temperature °C 550 650 750 850 950 1050

Tensile Stress Mpa 440 360 240 150 70 30
Maximum Recommended Service
Temperature
(Oxidising Conditions)
Continuous 1 100°C
Intermittent 980°C
SS SHEET GRADE 309S

Size mtr Thick mm wt/pc
2.5 x 1.2 6 147
2.5 x 1.2 8 196
2.5 x 1.2 12 302
2.5 x 1.2 15 377
2.5 x 1.2 20 503
6
Stainless Steel Fittings
GRADE - 304 & 316
GRADE 304 SCH 10 G304 SCH 10 G316
BENDS ELBOW REDUCER G 316
BENDS
1/2” 0.01 Kg 1/2” 0.08 Kg 3/4” x 1/2” 0.02 Kg
1/2” 0.01 Kg
3/4” 0.02 Kg 3/4” 0.10 Kg 1” x 1/2” 0.02 Kg
3/4” 0.02 Kg
1” 0.06 Kg 1” 0.14 Kg 1” x 3/4” 0.02 Kg
1” 0.04 Kg
11/4” 0.06 Kg 11/4” 11/4”x3/4” 0.04 Kg
11/4” 0.06 Kg
11/2” 0.10 Kg 11/2” 0.32 Kg 11/4”x1” 0.04 Kg
11/2” 0.10 Kg
2” 0.16 Kg 2” 0.52 Kg 11/2”x1/4” 0.04 Kg
2” 0.16 Kg
21/2” 0.28 Kg 21/2” 0.88 Kg 11/2”x1/2”
21/2” 0.28 Kg
3” 0.48 Kg 3” 1.14 Kg 11/2”x3/4” 0.08 Kg
3” 0.48 Kg
4” 0.92 Kg 4” 2.18 Kg 11/2”x1” 0.06 Kg
4”
6” 5.48 Kg 2” x 1” 0.10 Kg
6”
TEES 2” x 11/4” 0.08 Kg
8” 10.84 Kg
2” 0.24 Kg ELBOW 2”x11/2” 0.12 Kg
3” 0.74 Kg TEE SCH 10 G 304
1/2” 0.06 Kg 21/2”x11/4” 0.16 Kg
1”
3/4” 0.08 Kg 21/2x11/2” 0.16 Kg
BALL VALVE 11/2” 0.60 Kg
1” 0.16 Kg 21/2” x 2” 0.16 Kg
1/2” 0.22 Kg 2” 0.80 Kg
11/2” 0.30 Kg 3”x11/2” 0.22 Kg
3/4” 0.62 Kg 21/2” 1.22 Kg
2” 0.52 Kg 3”x2”
1” 0.80 Kg 3” 1.62 Kg 3”x21/2” 0.24 Kg
4” 2.34 Kg
11/4” 1.00 Kg 4” 2.54 Kg 4”x2” 0.38 Kg
11/2” 1.14 Kg 6” 5.56 Kg 4”x21/2” 0.32 Kg
TEE G 316
2” 1.80 Kg 4”x3” 0.40 Kg
ELBOW SCH 40 G 304 1/2”
21/2” 3.12 Kg
1/2” 0.08 Kg 3/4” 0.06 Kg
3” 4.5 Kg
3/4” 0.12 Kg 1” 0.06 Kg
REDUCER 1” 0.16 Kg 11/4” 0.12 Kg
11/4” X 1” 0.04 Kg 11/2” 0.38 Kg 11/2”
2’ x 11/4” 0.10 Kg 2” 0.62 Kg 21/2”
2’ x 11/2” 0.10 Kg 3” 2.04 Kg 3” 0.76 Kg
4” 4.12 Kg
UNION UNION G 316
CLIP ON QUICK FIT
1” 0.18 Kg
3/4” 11/4” 0.26 Kg
1/2” 11/2” 0.48 Kg
1” 2” 0.52 Kg
11/4” 21/2” 0.80 Kg
11/2” 0.46 Kg 3” 1.00 Kg
2” 0.52 Kg 4” 1.60 Kg
21/2” 0.52 Kg
3” 0.54 Kg 0.98 Kg BUTTERFLY
4” 0.74 Kg VALAVE G 316
1/2” 1.08 Kg
3/4” 1.08 Kg
1” 1.12 Kg
11/4” 1.06 Kg
11/2” 1.14Kg
2” 1.34 Kg
21/2” 1.90 Kg
3” 2.22 Kg
7
En8
En8 is an unalloyed medium carbon steel which is used in applications where better properties than mild steel are required but where
the costs do not justify the purchase of a steel alloy. En8 can be heat treated to provide a good surface hardness and moderate wear
resistance by flame or induction hardening processes. From the automotive trade to wider general engineering applications. En8 is a
popul;ar steel in industry.
Properties minima unless stated
Tensile Yield Limiting
Bs970 of 1955 En8 Impact
Ruling
Heat Strength Stress
Treatment Section
European Ck40, CK45 A min on Izod KCV Hardness
Rm Re Rp0.2
Werkstoff No. 1.0511, 1. 1186, 1. 1189 5.65 S0 ft.lb J HB
MPa MPa MPa mm
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION N 660 530 495 7 - - - >6 <13

Carbon 0.36 - 0.44 650 510 485 8 - - - >13 <16
Silicon 0.10 - 0.40
R 620 480 435 9 - - - >16 <40
Manganese 0.60 - 1.00
Sulphur 0.05 Max S 600 465 370 10 - - - >40 <63
Phosphorus 0.05 Max T 570 430 350 10 - - - >63 <76
Forging: STD STOCK SIZES

Preheat the steel carefully, then DIA
raise temperature to 1050°C for Size mm Kg/m
forging. Do not forge below 16 1.6
850°C. After forging cool slowly, 20 2.5
preferably in a furnace.
25 3.9
Annealing: 30 5.6
Heat slowly to 680-710°C. Soak 35 7.6
well and cool slowly in the furnace 40 9.9
45 12.5
Hardening 50 15.5
Heat the component slowly to 820- 55 18.7
860°C and allow it to be heated 60 22.2
through. Quench in oil, or water 65 26.4
70 30.2
Tempering 75 35.1
T temperature, between 550/660°C 80 39.5
and hold at heat for one hour per 90 50.0
inch of total thickness. 100 61.7
130 104.2
150 138.7
160 157.8
TYPICAL USES:
Dynamo and motor shafts, heat treated bolts, crankshafts, connecting rods, driving rings and flanges, railway couplings,
axles, brackets, housings and parts not subjected to high stresses or severe wear.
8
En9
En9 is an unalloyed medium carbon steel. It is supplied at the hardness obtained after hot rolling or cold drawing hardness normally
within the range of 180 to 230 HB.

Bs970 of 1955 En9 Impact
Ruling
070M55 Heat Strength Stress
Treatment Section
W.Stoff (German) 1.1203 A min on Izod KCV Hardness
Rm Re Rp0.2
AISI (American) 1055 5.65 S0 ft.lb J HB
MPa MPa MPa mm
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION N 700 355 - 12 - - 201/255 63

Carbon 0.50 - 0.60 600 310 - 13 - - 170/223 250
Silicon 0.10 - 0.40
R 700/850 415 385 14 - - 201/255 100
Sulphur 0.05 Max S 775/925 480 450 14 - - 233/277 63
Phosphorus 0.05 Max T 850//1000 570 555 12 - - 248/302 19
Forging: Hard Chromium Plating STD STOCK SIZES STD STOCK SIZES
Heat slowly and uniformly to After hard chromium plating, the DIA DIA
1100°C. After forging cool slowly. steel should be tempered for Size mm Kg/m Size mm Kg/m
approximately 4 hours at 180°C, in 16 1.6 100 62.0
Annealing: order to avoid hydrogen
Heat uniformly to 700°C. Soak 20 2.5 115 82.0
embrittlement.
well and cool slowly in the furnace 25 3.9 130 104.0
Welding 30 5.6 160 163.0
Hardening Firstly heat to approximately 35 7.6 180 206.0
Heat uniformly to 820/840°C until 100-350°C. Use an unalloyed basic 40 9.9 200 254.0
heated through. Quench in oil, or electrode, for welding unalloyed 45 12.5 210 280.0
water structural steels. 50 15.5 230 336.0
55 18.7 250 397.0
Tempering Stress Relieving: 60 22.2 280 504.0
Heat uniformly and thoroughly at After rough machining tools 65 26.4 305 603.0
the selected tempering should be stress relieved. Soaking 70 30.4 350 778.0
temperature, between 550/660°C time 2 hours after the whole piece 75 35.1 400 1029.0
and hold at heat for one hour per has attained a temperature of 80 39.5 450 1301.0
inch of total thickness. approximately 675°C. Cool in 90 50.0 500 1606.0
furnace to approximately 500°C 600 2313.0
Normalising and then freely in air.
Normalise at 840-870°C and cool
in air.
Physical Properties
Density Coefficinent of Thermal Expansion Modulus of Elasticity
kg/m per c from 20 c N/mm
7800 11.6 x 10-6 206000
N.B.
1) Actual mass will vary from theoretical mass due to manufacturing tolerances.
2) A 6% allowance should always be made for removal of surface defects during machining.
3) Normalised Hardness given for guidance only.
4) Condition “T” may not always be obtained by bulk heat treatment but the properties can be achieved by appropriate heat
treatment of components.
TYPICAL USES:
Sprockets, cylinders, cams, crankshafts, keys, small gears, machine tools, grinding balls for ball mills, ball race rings
requiring moderate wear resistance.
9
En24
En24 is a high quality, high tensile, alloy steel. Usually supplied readily machinable in ‘T’ condition, it combines tensile strength, shock
resistance, good ductility and resistance to wear.

BS970 of 1955 EN24 Tensile Yield
Impact
Limiting
BS970 Pt 1 of 1983 817M40 Heat Strength Stress
Ruling
W.stoff (German) 1.6582 Treatment

A min on Izod KCV Hardness
Section
Rm Re Rp0.2
MPa MPa MPa mm
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION T 850/1000 650 635 13 30 35 248/302 250

Carbon 0.36 - 0.44 850/1000 680 665 13 40 50 248/302 150
Silicon 0.10 - 0.35 U 925/1075 755 740 12 35 42 269/331 100
V 1000/1150 850 835 12 35 42 293/352 63
Nickle 1.30 - 1.70
W 1075/1225 940 925 11 30 35 311/375 29
Chromium 1.00 - 1.40
Molybdenum 0.20 - 0.35 X 1150/1300 1020 1005 10 25 28 341/401 29
Sulphur 0.035 Max Y 1225/1375 1095 1080 10 18 21 363/429 29

Phosphorus 0.040 Max Z 1550 1235 1125 5 8 9 444 29
PLATE STOCK SIZE STD STOCK SIZES DIA

Hardening:
Heat uniformly to 823/850°C until through. Quench in oil. Size mtr Thick mm Size mm Kg/m
2.2 X 1.2 100 20 2.5
Tempering: 1.7 X 1.0 150 25 3.9
Heat uniformly and throughly at the selected tempering 30 5.5
temperature, up to 660°C and hold at heat for two hours per 35 7.7
inch of total thickness. Tempering between 250-375°C is 40 9.9
not recommended as this can seriously reduce the steel 45 12.7
impact value.
50 15.4
Stress Relieving: 55 18.9
Heat slowly to 650-670°C, soak well before cooling the 60 22.2
furnace or in air. 65 27.0
70 30.0
N.B. 75 35.0
1) Sizes above limiting ruling section will be heat treated 80 40.0
to a Hardness only, with no guarantee on mechanical 90 50.0
properties. 100 62.0
2) Actual mass will vary from theoretical mass due to
manufacturing tolerances. 115 82.0
3) A 6% allowance should always be made for removal 130 104.0
of surface defects during machining. 160 163.0
180 206.0
203 262.0
TYPICAL USES: 230 336.0
Automobile main shafts, axles, connecting rod bolts, high 250 397.0
duty connecting rods, push rods, high tensile bolts, 300 579.0
studs, differential shafts, pinion sleeves, mandrels for 400 1029.0
tube manufacture, gun barrels, breech mechanism parts, 500 1607.0
various parts of machine tools i.e. spindle gears and 600 2313.0
compensating washers, power transmission slide gears
and slide cams.
10
En19
En19 is a high quality, high tensile alloy steel usually supplied readily machinable in T condition, giving good durability and shock
resistance properties combined with resistance to wear.

BS970 OF 1955 EN19 Impact
Ruling
BS970 Pt of 1983 709M40 Heat Strength Stress
Treatment Section
W. Stoff (German) 1.7225 Rm Re A min on Izod KCV Hardness
Rp0.2
MPa MPa MPa mm
R 700/850 495 480 15 25 28 201/255 250

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
S 775/925 555 540 13 20 22 223/277 250
Carbon = 0.36 - 0.44
Silicon = 0.10 - 0.35 775/925 585 570 15 40 50 223/277 150
Manganese = 0.70 - 1.00 T 850/1000 680 665 13 40 50 248/302 100
Chromium = 0.90 - 1.20
U 925/1075 755 740 12 35 42 269/331 63
Molybdenum = 0.25 - 0.35
Sulphur = 0.035 max V 1000/1150 850 835 12 35 42 293/352 29
Phosphorus = 0.040 max W 10751225 940 925 12 30 35 311/375 19
STD STOCK SIZES

DIA
Size mm Kg/m
20 2.40
30 5.50
40 9.80
50 15.4
This steel is good machinable and it doesn't show brittleness in tempering. 60 22.1
It can be used at temperatures up than 400°C for shaft and connecting rod. 70 30.0
it can be nitrated. 80 40.0
100 62.0
Hardening
115 82.0
Heat Uniformly to 820/840°C until heated through. Quench in oil.
130 104.0
160 163.0
Tempering
Heat Uniformly and thoroughly at the selected tempering temperature, and 180 206.0
hold at heat for one hour per inch of total thickness. 200 258.0
230 336.0
250 397.0
N.B.
1) Sizes above limiting ruling section will be heat treated to a hardness only, with no guarantee on mechanical properties
2) Actual mass will vary from theoretical mass due to manufacturing tolerances
3) A 6% allowance should always be made for removal of surface defects during machining
4) For sizes not listed please contact our sales department - we may be able to assist you.
5) Condition “W” may not always be obtained by bulk heat treatment, but the properties can be achieved by appropriate heat
treatment of components.
TYPICAL USES:
Axles, crankshafts, connecting rods, gears, high tensile bolts and studs, propeller shaft joints, rifle and breech
mechanisms for small arms and induction hardened track pins.
11
Hollow Steel
CARBON STEEL
Chemical Composition SIZE mm Kg/m SIZE mm Kg/m
Carbon 0.22 40 x 25 7.30 140 x 104 56.0
Manganese 1.60 56 x 28 15.80 150 x 90 91.0
Sulphur 0.05 63 x 40 15.05 168 x 106 108.0
70 x 41 20.30 180 x 145 72.0
Phosphorus 0.05
85 x 55 26.60 203 x 153 113.0
Silicon 0.55 89 x 60 27.40 224 x 160 156.0
90 x 63 26.30 245 x 145 248.0
102 x 62 42.00 253 x 190 177.0
102 x 70 35.00 273 x 201 217.0
Mechanical Properties
106 x 71 40.00 299 x 223 246.0
Ultimate Tensile Strength: 560/610 Mpa 114 x 77 45.00 300 x 225 250.0
114 x 90 29.00 325 x 253 258.0
Yield Stress: Wall Thickness Mpa
125 x 81 58.00 355 x 305 204.0
< 16mm 350 133 x 92 58.00 405 x 325 371.0
>16 - 30mm 335 419 x 347 350.0
> 30mm 315 457 x 377 424.0
Elongation: 21% min 508 x 428 476.0
Manufacturing Tolerances:
Wall Tolerances: For sizes up to 300mm OD ± 7.5% -10%, depending on OD to wall ratio.
For sizes over 300mm OD ± 12.5%
APPLICATIONS:
Hollow bar is suitable for wide variety of general Engineering purposes: Whenever a circular component is being
manufactured, hollow bar is a potential raw material; whether the component is a plain bush or a complex precision part.
The steel specification brings together many of the properties required for the production of hollow components, including
bosses, bushes, cylinders, rams, piston rods, hubs, shafts, spacers, collars, couplings and axles.
To a greater or lesser extent ST 52 may be used throughout all industries in which machining is involved, with applications
frequently found in automotive, earth moving, agricultural and machine tool industries and in equipment used for drilling,
mining and mechanical handling.
12
Wear Resistance Plate
ROC 400
Available in the following sizes plate
2mtr x 6mtr 6mm to 50mm thick

The following table is valid for bending angles up to 90°,
WEAR PLATES/ROC 400 PLATES Kg/Pc where t =Plate thickness
2Mtr x 1Mtr x 6.0mm 94.5
2Mtr x 1Mtr x 8.0mm 128.0 Bending direction (Bend axis) Minimum inside bending radius Minimum V-block opening
2Mtr x 1Mtr x 10.0mm 160.0 Perpendicular to rolling direction 4t 12 t
2Mtr x 1Mtr x 12.0mm 192.0 Parallel to rolling direction 5t 14 t
2Mtr x 1Mtr x 15.0mm 240.0
2Mtr x 1Mtr x 20.0mm 320.0
2Mtr x 1Mtr x 25.0mm 400.0
Welding (In accordance with NF: EN 1011)
2Mtr x 1Mtr x 30.0mm 480.0
2Mtr x 1Mtr x 40.0mm 640.0 Readily weldable under normal conditions using MMA, MIG
2Mtr x 1Mtr x 50.0mm 800.0 and SAW without preheat, up to a combined thickness of
60mm provided hydrogen electrodes are used. All welding
2.5Mtr x 1.2Mtr x 6.0mm 147.0 consumables should be dried.
2.5Mtr x 1.2Mtr x 8.0mm 196.0
2.5Mtr x 1.2Mtr x 10.0mm 245.0 Welding: can be successful carried out using heat inputs in
the range of 1.5 - 3 OkJ/mm.
2.5Mtr x 1.2Mtr x 12.0mm 294.0 The interpass temperature should not exceed 250°C
2.5Mtr x 1.2Mtr x 15.0mm 370.0
2.5Mtr x 1.2Mtr x 20.0mm 490.0 Welding: The following minimum preheat temperature
2.5Mtr x 1.2Mtr x 25.0mm 615.0 should be observed 75°C (170°F) for plate thickness from
30up to 50 100°C (215°F))
2.5Mtr x 1.2Mtr x 75.0mm 1839.0
2.5Mtr x 1.2Mtr x 100.0mm 2452.0 Flame cutting
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
Ladle analysis All conventional oxy-gas or plasma methods can be used.
Thickness C Mn Si S P Ni Cr Mo V B Nb Pre-haet temperatures:
0-50mm; 75° C along the cutting line.
10mm 0.15 1.30 0.40 0.015 0.030 0.20 0.30 0.03 0.08 0.005 0.05
> 50mm: 100°C along the cutting line.
Hardness as supplied 370 - 440 HBW - 400 HB on average
Mechanical properties Drilling
Typical values for 15mm plate
8% cobalt high speed steel drills (grade M24) in styles having
Yield Strength Tensile Strength a slow helix, a short flute length, a thick web and a point
1000 N/mm³ (145 KSI) 1300 N/mm³ (190 KSI) thinned angle of 130° are recommended. A very rigid set-up
is essential with an abundant flow of cutting fluid. The work
piece should preferably be securely clamped to a mild steel
Elongation Toughness backing plate and positioned close to the drill post. The
12% 30 J (22 Ft - Lbf) at - 40° C (-40°F) following speeds/feed are appropriate
5 mm dia 10 mm dia 15 mm dia 20 mm dia 30 mm dia

Cold Bending
rpm feed rpm feed rpm feed rpm feed rpm feed
mm/rev mm/rev mm/rev mm/rev mm/rev
Cold bending should be carried out at a minimum
570 0.05 290 0.10 190 0.16 150 0.20 90 .30
temperature of 10° C. The bending radius should be as large
as possible considering the minimum stated parameters. It Hot Bending
is advisable to use as generous a radius as possible and
ensure plates are above 10°C. Power requirements are The grade is not suitable for hot forming. Heating above
extremely high and spring back must be allowed for. To 200°C. reduces the as-supplied hardness.
avoid cracking, flame cut plate edges should have a 2-3mm
wide chamfer ground on the top and the bottom edges.
13
Wear Resistance
OVER LAY PLATES CUTTING EDGE - ROC 400
Mild steel plates which has been overlaid by bulk welding,
sometimes known as cast welding. Using an electric arc Size range C
D
welding process. The plate is clad with a layer of chromium
D
carbide alloy consisting of very hard carbides in a matrix of H
iron. It is especially suitable in applications of high stress B
severe abrasion combined with moderate impact and heat A

resistance. The plate can be cut,
formed, rolled and welded in to most shape. Dimensions (mm) Weight
Length
A H B D C (Kg/M)
Properties:
150 20 5 5 23° 6000 21.7
Type of alloy: Iron based + High Chromium Iron 200 20 6 8 23° 6000 29.6
Microstructure: 200 25 11 8 23° 6000 36.7
Hyper-Eutectic with MN7 Cr3 primary Chromium carbides 250 25 6 10 23° 6000 44.8
in an austenitic eutectic matrix.
250 30 11 10 23° 6000 55.8
Cracks: 300 30 8 8 23° 6000 66.2
Cracks are present in large numbers and are evenly 300 40 8 8 23° 6000 89.5
distributed in the overlay generally at right angles to the
direction of welding. The cracks do not penetrate in to the
base plate.
Abrasion resistance:
Mechanical properties
Excellent. This product offers a wear life of 6 to 8 times
longer than that of a typical through hardened 400 Brinell Toughness
plate. Tensile Yield Elongation KCV - 20°C
strength strength J/cm²
Temperature resistance:
Will retain hardness and wear resistance up to 600 degree 1430 N/mm² 1130 N/mm² 11% 27
C (1100 degree F )
Machining:
Not possible except by grinding or electro erosion. Hardness Min Max
as supplied
Cutting: 380 440
Only possible by plasma , laser, and water jet high pressure
with added abrasives.
Advantages of a weld- overlay plates:

— High wear resistance properties
— Maintenance costs reduction. last longer, less
maintenance - economies
— Good resistance to shoks
— Good resistance to temperature
Surface Chemical composition:

Element C Mn Si Cr HRC
Composition 3.5 1.1 0.8 18.0 54-57
Stock Sizes
SIZE IN METER KG/PC
2.5 mtr X 1.25 mtr X 8 mm (5+3) 208
2.5 mtr X 1.25 mtr X 10 mm (6+4) 254
2.5 mtr X 1.25 mtr X 12 mm (6+6) 294
2.5 mtr X 1.25mtr X 20mm (10+10) 504
14
Mild Steel
BS970 of 1955 EN3 Impact
Ruling
AISI (American) 1020 Condition Strength Stress
Section
Rm Re A min on Izod KCV Hardness
Rp0.2
5.65 S0 ft.lb J HB
MPa MPa MPa mm
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION HR CD or 433 345 420 10 - - - 6 13

Carbon 0.16 - 0.24 CD & G 433 345 390 12 - - - 13 16
Silicon 0.10 - 0.40
418 290 340 12 - - - 16 40
Sulphur 0.05 Max 430 260 290 13 - - - 40 63
Phosphorus 0.05 Max 441 265 280 14 - - - 63 76
MILD STEEL PLATES BRIGHT BARS STD STOCK SIZES
Size mm Kg / Pc SQUARE SIZE ROUND SIZE ROUND SIZE

8’X 4’X 1.0 23 INCHES KG/MTR INCHES KG/MTR INCHES KG/MTR
8’X 4’X 1.2 28 3/8” 0.7 5/16” 0.4 3” 35.8
8’X 4’X 1.5 35 ½” 1.3 3/8” 0.6 3 ½” 48.7
8’X 4’X 2.0 48 5/8” 2.1 ½” 1.0 4” 63.6
8’X 4’X 3.0 70 3/4” 3.1 5/8” 1.6 4 ½” 81.5
8’X 4’X 4.0 94
7/8” 4.2 3/4” 2.2 5” 99.5
8’X 4’X 6.0 140
8’X 4’X 8.0 187 1” 5.5 7/8” 3.0 6” 147.5
8’X 4’X 10.0 234 1 1/4” 8.6 1” 4.0 7” 211.6
8’X 4’X 12.0 280 1 ½” 12.3 1 1/8” 5.0 8” 270.3
8’X 4’X 15.0 350 2” 20.5 1 1/4” 6.2 9” 342.2
8’X 4’X 18.0 420 2 ½” 34.4 1 3/8” 7.5 10 1/4” 433.8
8’X 4’X 20.0 467 3” 49.5 1 ½” 9.0 11” 504.0
8’X 4’X 25.0 584 4” 88.0 1 3/4” 12.2 12” 593.0
8’X 4’X 32.0 748 2” 15.9 13 3/4” 787.4
8’X 4’X 38.0 887 2 1/4” 20.2 15 3/4” 1028.0
8’X 4’X 50.0 1170 2 ½” 24.9
8’X 4’X 63.0 1472 2 3/4” 30.0
8’X 4’X 75.0 1755
8’X 4’X 100.0 2340 HEXAGONAL SIZE HEXAGONAL SIZE
8’X 4’X 130.0 3042 INCHES KG/MTR MM KG/MTR
8’X 4’X 150.0 3510 ½” 1.2 70 35.0
5/8” 1.9 75 40.0
3/4” 2.7 80 45.0
7/8” 3.6 85 51.0
1” 4.7 90 56.0
1 1/8” 6.3 95 63.0
1 1/4” 6.8 100 69.0
1 ½” 10.7
1 3/4” 14.5
2” 19.0
2 1/4” 24.0
2 ½” 30.0
TYPICAL USES:
Shafts, Bolts, Nuts, Studs, Couplings, and machinery components where a low tensile strength material is required.
15
Seamless Pipes
Chemical Composition
ASTM A106 Grade B C Mn P S Si Cr Mo Ni
0.30 max 0.29/1.06 0.05 0.06 max 0.10 max 0.40 0.15 0.40
SCH-20
STANDARD STOCK SIZE PRESSURE/TEMPERATURE RATING
Size Nominal Outside Wall Internal Mass Kg/Pc Temp °C -29 to 343 371 399 413
Inch bore diameter thickness diameter (approx) (5.8m) 103
Allowable Stress MPa 99 89 82
mm mm mm mm Kg/m Maximum working pressure, Mpa
8” 200 219.1 6.35 206.40 33.31 193.2 5.36 5.13 4.63 4.24
10” 250 273.0 6.35 260.30 41.46 242.21 4.28 4.10 3.70 3.39
12” 300 323.8 6.35 311.10 49.72 288.38 3.60 3.45 3.11 2.85
14” 350 355.6 7.92 339.76 67.9 393.82 4.10 3.92 3.54 3.24
16” 400 406.4 7.92 390.56 77.83 451.42 3.58 3.42 3.09 2.83
18” 450 457.2 7.92 441.36 107.03 620.78 3.18 3.04 2.74 2.52
SCH-40
STANDARD STOCK SIZES PRESSURE/ TEMPERATURE RATING
Inch bore diameter thickness diameter (approx) (5.8m) Allowable Stress MPa103 99 89 82
3/8” 10 17.1 2.31 12.48 0.85 5.0 5.45
½” 15 21.3 2.77 15.76 1.27 7.4 7.6 7.27 6.56 6.55
¾” 20 26.7 2.87 20.96 1.68 9.7 6.87 6.58 5.94 5.90
1” 25 33.4 3.38 26.64 2.50 14.5 8.27 7.92 7.14 5.49
1 ¼” 32 42.2 3.56 35.08 3.38 19.6 7.43 7.12 6.42 4.94
1 ½” 40 48.3 3.68 40.94 4.05 23.5 6.93 6.63 5.98 6.64
2” 50 60.3 3.91 52.48 5.43 31.5 6.24 5.97 5.38 5.97
2 ½” 65 73.0 5.16 62.68 8.62 50.0 8.39 8.03 7.25 7.82
3” 80 88.9 5.49 77.92 11.29 65.5 7.54 7.21 6.51 6.87
4” 100 114.3 6.02 102.26 16.07 93.0 9.88 9.45 8.53 6.24
5” 125 141.3 6.55 128.20 21.78 126.0 8.68 8.31 7.49 5.50
6” 150 168.3 7.11 154.08 28.26 164.0 7.88 7.52 6.81 4.98
8” 200 219.1 8.18 202.74 42.53 246.0 6.94 6.64 5.99 4.66
10” 250 273.0 9.27 254.46 60.29 350.0 6.29 6.01 5.43 4.58
12” 300 323.8 10.31 303.18 79.82 464.0 5.89 5.63 5.09 4.59
14” 350 355.6 11.13 333.34 94.40 548.0 5.78 5.54 4.99 4.58
16” 400 406.4 12.70 318.00 123.00 715.0 5.79 5.54 5.00 4.35
18” 450 457.2 14.27 428.66 156.00 904.0 5.78 5.53 4.99
20” 500 508.0 15.06 477.88 183.00 1062.0 5.50 5.25 4.74
SCH-80
3/8 10 17.1 3.20 10.70 1.1 6.4
½” 15 21.3 3.73 13.84 1.62 9.4 16.78 16.05 14.49 13.25
¾” 20 26.7 3.91 18.88 2.18 12.8 14.56 13.93 12.58 11.53
1” 25 33.4 4.55 24.30 3.24 18.8 15.73 14.65 13.22 12.13
1 ¼” 32 42.2 4.85 32.50 4.48 26.0 13.37 12.79 11.54 10.58
1 ½” 40 48.3 5.08 38.14 5.39 31.3 12.56 12.01 10.84 9.94
2” 50 60.3 5.54 49.22 7.50 43.5 11.45 10.96 9.89 9.07
2 ½” 65 73.0 7.01 58.98 11.39 66.1 13.39 12.81 11.56 10.60
3” 80 88.9 7.62 73.66 15.25 88.5 12.26 11.73 10.58 9.70
4” 100 114.3 8.56 97.18 22.31 129.4 14.31 13.69 12.36 11.33
5” 125 141.3 9.52 122.26 30.94 179.5 12.80 12.25 11.05 10.13
6” 150 168.3 10.97 146.36 42.56 246.9 12.36 11.82 10.67 9.79
8” 200 219.1 12.70 193.70 64.63 374.9 10.95 10.47 9.38 8.67
10” 250 273.0 15.07 242.88 95.91 556.3 10.41 9.96 8.98 8.24
12” 300 323.8 17.35 289.10 31.89 765.0 10.15 9.71 8.76 8.03
16
Seamless Pipes & Fittings
SCH-160
½” 15 21.3 4.78 11.74 1.94 11.252 27.21 26.03 23.50 21.55
¾” 20 26.7 5.56 15.58 2.89 16.762 27.70 26.50 23.91 21.93
1” 25 33.4 6.35 20.70 4.23 24.534 26.70 25.55 23.06 21.14
1 ½” 40 48.3 7.14 34.02 7.22 41.876 21.33 20.40 18.42 16.89
2” 50 60.3 8.74 42.82 11.09 64.322 22.32 21.35 19.27 17.67
3” 80 88.9 11.12 66.66 21.33 123.714 20.26 19.39 17.50 16.04
4” 100 114.3 13.49 87.32 33.49 194.242 23.30 22.29 20.11 18.58
CONCENTRIC
REDUCER WELDED NECK
SCH 40 SCH 40 FLANGES C 150
SCH 80
ELBOW 90 DEG. 3/4”x1/2” 0.07 ELBOW 90 Deg.
1/2” 0.1 Kg 1”x3/4” 0.18 1/2” 0.54 Kg
3/4” 0.1 Kg 1”x1/2” 0.18 3/4” 0.78 Kg 1/2” 0.1 Kg
1” 0. 2 Kg 11/2”x1” 0.28 1” 1.12 Kg 3/4” 0.1 Kg
11/2” 0.4 Kg 11/2”x3/4” 0.25 11/4” 1.50 Kg 1” 0.2 Kg
2” 0.7 Kg 2”x11/2” 0.40 11/2” 1.96 Kg 11/4” 0.3 Kg
21/2” 1.3 Kg 2”x1” 0.34 2 11/2” 0.5 Kg
3” 2.0 Kg 21/2”x2” 0.68 21/2” 4.10 Kg 2” 0.9 Kg
4” 3.8 Kg 21/2”x11/2” 0.62 3” 21/2” 1.7 Kg
5” 6.5 Kg 3”x11/2” 0.80 4” 3” 2.7 Kg
6” 10.0 Kg 3”x21/2” 0.90 5” 9.10Kg 4” 5.3 Kg
8” 20.0 Kg 3”x2” 0.80 6” 6” 15.3 Kg
10” 36.0 Kg 4”x2” 1.40
SOCKETED (BLANK) SLIP ON
12” 53.0 Kg 4”x21/2” 1.50 WELD FLANGE C150 FLANGES C150
14” 68.0 Kg 4”x3” 1.50 1/2” 0.42 Kg
1/2” 0.42 Kg
16” 89.0 Kg 5”x3” 2.50 3/4” 0.60 Kg
3/4” 0.54 Kg
18” 113.0 Kg 6”x3” 3.60 1” 0.82 Kg 1” 0.80 Kg
20” 140.0 Kg 6”x4” 3.70 11/4” 1.04 Kg
11/4” 1.02 Kg
8”x3” 5.00 11/2” 1.04 Kg
TEE 11/2” 1.32 Kg
8”x4” 4.80 2 2.10 Kg
3/4” 0.11 Kg 2 2.00 Kg
8”x6” 6.00 21/2” 3.50 Kg
1” 0.14 Kg 21/2” 3.30 Kg
10”x4” 10.0 3” 4.10 Kg
11/2” 0.71 Kg 3”
10”x6” 9.80 4” 5.60 Kg
2” 0.99 Kg 4” 5.40 Kg
10”x8” 9.70 5” 6.50 Kg
21/2” 1.90 Kg 5” 6.30 Kg
6”
3” 2.85 Kg ECCENTRIC 6”
REDUCERS 8” 8.10 Kg
4” 4.83 Kg 8”
SCH 40
5” 8.00 Kg 10”
6” 10.20 Kg 3”x11/2 0.77 SEAMLESS 12”
8” 22.90 Kg 3”x2” 0.81 END CAP SCH 40
10” 36.60 Kg 4”x2” 1.36 1/2”
4”x21/2” 1.47 3/4”
4”x3” 1.53 1” 0.11 Kg
6”x3” 3.63 11/2” 0.17 Kg
6”x4” 3.74 2” 0.23 Kg
8”x3” 5.0 21/2” 0.39 Kg
8”x4” 4.80 3” 0.66 Kg
17
Cold Work Tool Steel
D2
BS EN ISO 4957:2000 X153CrMOV12 Nominal Chemical Analysis %

Supersedes BS4659 BD2
C 1.50
Cr 12.00
WKSTOFF 1.2379 Mo 0.80
V 0.90
HEAT TREATMENT
Delivery Condition Annealing
Annealed 250 BHN Max 800 / 850 °C for 4 hours approx.
.
Cool slowly in the furnace at 20 °C maximum per
Characteristics
hour.
D2 is a high carbon, high chromium tool steel giving a
Stress Relieving
combination of excellent wear resistance, high hardness
650 / 700ºC for 2 hours approx.
and good toughness. it is extremely stable in hardening and
Cool in still air. Always stress relieve before
is capable of being nitrated
. hardening.
Applications
D2 is suitable for many cold working applications: Hardening
Fine blanking tools, heavier duty press tools, Punches and Pre-Heating
dies shear blades, granulating knives, slitting cutters, 1) 400ºC Holding time at temperature:
clipping tools thread rolling dies, molds for abrasive 1 min / mm effective section approx.
compounds, forming rolls, deep drawing tools, cold 2) 650ºC Holding time at temperature:
extrusion tools, spinning tools. 30 sec / mm effective section approx:
3) 850ºC Holding time at temperature:
30 sec /mm effective section approx.
STD STOCK - ROUND STD STOCK - FLATS Austenitizing
SIZE SIZE 980/1020ºC Holding time at temperature:
Dia mm Kg/m SIZE mm Kg/m 90 sec / mm effective section approx.
16 1.6 40x20 6.6 D2 is suitable for Vacuum Hardening.
20 2.5 60x20 9.8 Quenching:-
25 4.0 60x30 15 • Quench in Air or,
40 10.0 100x20 17 • Quench in Oil or,
50 15.5 100x30 25 • Quench into Neutral Salts (Martempering) at
65 26.0 100x40 33 500 / 550ºC then cool slowly in still air.
.
80 40.0 150x20 24 Temper immediately after quenching whilst tools are still
100 64.0 150x30 37 hand warm.
130 108.2 150x40 49 TEMPERING
160 163.8 200x20 33 70 Consult the tempering diagram
180 207.3 200x30 50 66 and temper according to
200 256.0 200x40 65 requirements.
62
220 309.7 300x20 48 58 Temper for 1 hour/ 25mm
Rockwell C
250 400.0
Hardness
300x30 74 54 effective section for a minimum

of 2 hours then cool in still air.
300 576.0 300x40 98 50
500x65 255 46 For guidance, temper at:
42 150 / 220ºC for
maximum hardness
38 Oil Quenched 250 /300ºC for
from 1020ºC
34 hardness with toughness
Temperature°C 450/550ºC for
Plate available thickness 30
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 maximum toughness
600x20
Triple tempering is recommended, cooling to room temperature
600x40 between tempers.
600x60 NB. Lower hardness values will tend to result when hardening larger sections.
18
Hot Work Tool Steel
H13
HEAT TREATMENT
BS EN ISO 4957:2000 X40CrMoV5-1
Supersedes BS4659 BH13 Annealing
850 / 870 °C for 4 hours approx.
WKSTOFF 1.2344
Cool slowly in the furnace at 20 °C maximum per
hour.
Nominal Chemical Analysis % Stress Relieving
C 0.40 600 / 650ºC for 2 hours approx.
Si 1.00 Cool in still air. Always stress relieve before
Cr 5.25 hardening.
Mo 1.40
V 1.00 Hardening
Pre-Heating
Delivery Condition 1) 400ºC Holding time at temperature:
Annealed 230 BHN Max 1 min / mm effective section approx.
.
2) 650ºC Holding time at temperature:
Characteristics 30 sec / mm effective section approx:
H13 is a versatile hot work tool steel giving good hot 3) 850ºC Holding time at temperature:
toughness and wear resistance. it has good 30 sec / mm effective section approx.
thermal shock resistance and will tolerate a degree of water Austenitizing
cooling in service . H13 may be nitrided but care should be 1020/1060ºC Holding time at temperature:
taken not to impart too great a depth of 30 sec / mm effective section approx.
hardness as shock resisting capacity will be reduced. H13 is suitable for Vacuum Hardening.
.
Applications Quenching:-
H13 is suitable for many hot work applications: pressure • Quench in Air or,
diecasting tools, extrusion tools, forging dies, hot shear • Quench in Oil or,
blades and stamping die. It may also be used for • Quench into Neutral Salts (Martempering) at
plastic mould tools. 500 / 550ºC then cool slowly in still air.
.
Temper immediately after quenching whilst tools are still

STD STOCK - ROUND hand warm.
SIZE mm Kg/m
25 3.9
TEMPERING
50 15.4
75 34.7 70 Consult the tempering
Rockwell C
66 diagram and temper

Hardness
100 62.0 according to requirements.

62
130 105.4
58
150 139.0 Temper for 1 hour/ 25mm
54 effective section for a
180 202.0 50 minimum of 2 hours then
200 247.0 46 cool in still air.
250 390.0 42
300 561.6 For guidance, temper at:
38 Air
Cooled 550 / 580ºC for
34 maximum hardness,
STD STOCK - FLATS Temperature°C
30 600 /620ºC for
Size mm Kg/m 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
hardness with toughness.
510 x 80 320.0 Triple tempering is recommended, cooling to room temperature
520 x 55 225.0 between tempers.
NB. Lower hardness values will tend to result when hardening larger sections.
Note: H10 Tool Steel available in the following sizes

Sizes of FLATS
Size mm Kg/m
220 x 80 139.0
220 x 100 173.0
19
Plastic Mould Tool Steel
P20
Nominal Chemical Analysis %
BS EN ISO 4957:2000 40CrMnNiMo8-6-4
Supersedes BS4659 BP20 C 0.40
Mn 1.50
WKSTOFF 1.2311 Cr 2.00
Mo 0.20
HEAT TREATMENT
Delivery Condition Annealing
720 / 750°C for 4 hours approx.
Hardened and tempered to 280 - 325 BHN. Cool slowly in the furnace at 20 °C maximum per
hour.
Characteristics Stress Relieving
580 / 600ºC for 2 hours approx.
2311 is hardened and tempered mould steel supplied Cool in still air. Always stress relieve before
at 280 - 325 BHN. (1000 Nmm²). It takes a good hardening.
polish, is suitable for texturing and may be nitrided to
increase surface hardness. Hardening
Pre-Heating
Applications 1) 400ºC Holding time at temperature:
1 min / mm effective section approx.
2311 is suitable for plastic mould tools where further 2) 650ºC Holding time at temperature:
heat treatment and consequent risk of distortion is to 30 sec / mm effective section approx:
be avoided. It is also suitable for pressure die casting
tools. If a higher hardness is required the tools Austenitizing
should first be annealed and then the following 830 / 870ºC Holding time at temperature:
details observed. 1 min / mm effective section approx.
Quenching:-
Where section over 415mm thick are required, grade
• Quench in Oil or,
1.2738 is supplied.
• Quench into Neutral Salts (Martempering) at
180 / 220ºC then cool slowly in still air.
.
STD STOCK - ROUND STD STOCK - FLATS Temper immediately after quenching whilst tools are still
Dia mm Kg/m SIZE mm Kg/m hand warm.
20 2.6 200x20 33
25 4.1 200x25 41
40 10.5 200x30 49 TEMPERING
50 16.4 200x40 65 70 Consult the tempering
diagram and temper
Rockwell c
200x60 98 66
65 27.7
Hardness
62 according to requirements.
70 32.1 300x20 49
58
80 42.0 300x25 62 Temper for 1 hour/ 25mm
54 effective section for a
100 65.0 300x30 74
50 minimum of 2 hours then
130 110.0 300x40 98 cool in still air.
46
150 147.0 300x60 147 42
400x20 66 For guidance, temper at:
200 262.0 38 Oil Quenched
from 840ºC 500 / 600ºC for most
250 410.0 400x30 99 34 applications.
300 590.5 400x40 132 30 Temperature°C
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
400x60 197
450 1328.4
600x100 471 NB. Lower hardness values will tend to result when hardening larger
sections.
Plate available in
20mm, 30mm,40mm, 60mm & 100mm
thickness.
20
Bronze
LG2
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

TIN 4% to 6% 0.2% PS N/mm² 110
ZINC 4% to 6% UTS N/mm² 250
LEAD 4% to 6% Elongation % 13
COPPER Balance Hardness HB 65
Weight Varies By +/- 5% Weight Varies By +/- 5% Weight Varies By +/- 5%

BRONZE SOLID BRONZE HOLLOW CENTRIFUGAL CASTING SIZES
Size Inch Kg/mtr Size Kg/mtr Size Kg/mtr STD Size x Length Kg/Ft
¾“ 3.35 1½ x ¾ 9.87 4½ x 3 64.50 7 x 4 x 300mm 47
1" 5.40 1¾ x ¾ 14.18 5x2 104.80 7 x 5 x 300mm 34
1¼" 8.00 2x1 16.80 5x3 84.80 8 x 4 x 300mm 69
1½" 11.64 2¼ x 1¼ 20.70 5½ x 2 128.00 8 x 5 x 300mm 56
1¾" 15.95 2½ x 1 27.68 5½ x 3 109.60 8 x 6 x 300mm 40
2" 20.20 2½ x 1½ 23.10 5½ x 3½ 95.90 9 x 4 x 300mm 96
2¼" 25.76 2¾ x 1½ 28.90 6x2 156.70 9 x 5 x 300mm 83
2½" 31.10 3x1 40.90 6x3 136.67 9 x 6 x 300mm 97
2¾" 36.90 3 x 1½ 36.30 6x4 108.17 10 x 5 x 300mm 111
3" 44.31 3x2 30.30 6½ x 2 186.10 10 x 6 x 300mm 95
3¼" 51.21 3¼ x 1 47.80 6½ x 3 166.10 10 x 7 x 300mm 75
3½" 58.60 3½ x 1 55.20 6½ x 4 137.60 11 x 5 x 300mm 141
3¾" 66.50 3½ x 2 44.60 7x2 215.30 11 x 6 x 300mm 126
4" 76.34 3½ x 2½ 35.60 7x3 195.30 11 x 7 x 300mm 107
4½" 98.50 3¾ x 2 52.50 7x4 166.80 12 x 6 x 300mm 159
5" 118.80 4x1 72.96 8x2 285.56 12 x 7 x 300mm 141
5½" 143.58 4x2 62.34 8x3 265.56 12 x 8 x 300mm 120
6" 170.67 4x3 42.34 8x4 237.06 13 x 6 x 300mm 196
6½" 200.10 13 x 8 x 300mm 156
7" 229.30
8" 299.56
Good general purpose alloy. Corrosion resistant
including sea water. Water & steam fittings to 270
°C. Moderate duty bearing. Intricate pressure tight
castings. Suitable for plastic mold tools.
Services available in LG2

7 Continuous casting any rounds; profiles; hollows; flats etc.
7 Bronze Ingots
7 Gravity die casting
7 Centrifugal casting
* Profiles
21
Phos. Bronze
PB1
Phosphor bronze casting alloys generally contain Chemical Composition ROUND SOLID HOLLOW
from 8 up to 15% of tin and from 0.1% up to in a
Copper Balance DIA inches Kg/mtr DIA inches Kg/mtr
few cases, 1.5% of phosphorus. Phosphorus raises 1” 5.40 1½ x ¾ 9.87
Tin 8%-10%
the hardness of bronze appreciably due to its 1½” 11.64 2x1 16.80
property of forming hard, uniformly dispersed Phosphorus 0.5%min 2” 20.20 2½ x 1¼ 23.10
particles of copper phosphide (Cu3P) throughout 2½” 31.10 3 x 1½ 36.30
the cast metal structure. It is the structure of 3” 44.31 3½ x 2 44.60
phosphor bronze which imparts the excellent 3½” 58.60 4x2 62.31
4” 76.34 4½ x 3 64.05
heavy duty bearing properties for which these
4½” 98.05 5 x 2½ 104.80
alloys are renowned; the essential requirements of 5” 118.80 5½ x 3½ 95.90
a bearing being the ability to undergo some 6” 170.67 6x3 136.67
deformation and yet be sufficiently hard to resist 7” 229.30
rapid wear. 8” 299.56
Typical Applications Services available in PB1 material

Excellent bushing/bearing material, Good lubricating properties. 7 Gravity casting
COMPARISON CHART (MECHANICAL PROPERTIES) 7 Continuous casting
Alloy UTS 0.2% Proof Stress Elongation% Hardness

N/mm² N/mm² HB
BS 1400 Sand Die Cont. Sand Die Cont. Sand Die Cont. Sand Die Cont.
PB1 250 310 350 130 170 170 5 2 5 60 85 85
LG2 200 220 250 90 110 110 13 6 13 60 65 65
AB2
Alu. Bronze
STD STOCK SIZES (ROUND SOLID) CHEMICAL Typical Applications
OUT DIA SOLID OUT DIA SOLID COMPOSITION Suitable for plastic mould tools. High strength & excellent corrosion
Al 8.5 - 10.5 resistance. Many marine uses including propellers, heavy duty pumps,
Inch Kg/Mtr Inch Kg/Mtr Petro-chemical engineering. Superheated steam. Oxidation resistant.
Fe 3.5 - 5.5 Non sparking tools etc.
1" 3.90 5" 95.00 Ni 4.5 - 6.5 Services Available In AB2
2" 15.00 6" 135.00 Cu Balance 7 Gravity castings Extrusion
3" 33.40 7" 183.00 7 Pressure die casting 7 Forging
7 Continuous casting 7 Ingots
4" 60.00 8" 239.00
TYPICAL PROPERTIES OF ALLOYS USED FOR WEARING AGAINST STEEL SURFACES
Alloy Specification Cast Aluminium Cast Phosphor Cast Steel Cast Iron Wrought Alu. Steel En8
Bronze Bronze B.S. 592 B.S. 1452 Bronze B.S. 2033
B.S. 1400: AB2 B.S. 1400: PB1 Grade C Grade 17 Rolled Heat treated
Normalized Heat treated
0.1% proof Stress ton/in² 18.0 8.0 18.0 . 28.8 35.0 14.0 23.0
kg/mm² 28.3 12.6 28.3 - 44.1 55.1 22.0 36.2
Tensile strength ton/in² 42.0 15.0 35.0 18.0 46.0 50.0 35.0 47.0
kg/mm² 66.1 23.6 55.1 28.3 72.4 78.7 55.1 74.0
Elongation per cent 18.0 5.0 18.0 - 20.0 15.0 20.0 19.0
Hardness HV 160 90.0 180.0 250.0 230.0 280.0 170.0 200.0
Izod value ft lb kg/m 18.0 8.0 18.0 15.0 15.0 13.0 30.0 50.0
2.5 1.1 2.5 2.1 2.1 1.8 4.2 6.9
Fatigue strength (108 cycles) 14.0 5.0 14.0 7.0 18.0 22.0 - 18.0
ton/in² kg/mm² 22.0 7.9 22.0 11.0 28.3 34.6 - 28.3
Coefficient of Friction* 0.45 0.35 0.8 0.4 0.45 0.45 0.8 0.8
*Against steel: starting friction without lubrication.
22
Copper
COPPER BUS BARS (FLATS)
Size mm Kg/m Rating Amps Chemical Composition
20 x 5 0.90 355 Copper 99.99%
20 x 10 1.80 540
30 x 5 1.40 496
30 x 10 2.80 740 LIGHTING ARRESTER SYSTEM
40 x 5 1.80 632 7 Earthing tape
40 x 10 3.60 932 7 Earth rod
50 x 5 2.30 764 7 Earth plate
50 x 10 4.60 1118 7 Multiple spike/arrester
60 x 5 2.70 894 7 Ridge/flat saddles
60 x 10 5.40 1301 7 Test clamps
80 x 5 3.60 1146 7 Saddles/Clips
80 x 10 7.20 1657 7 Connector - Rod to
100 x 5 4.50 1391 Rod
100 x 10 9.00 2003 Rod to Tape
125 x 5 5.60 1690 Tape to Tape
125 x 10 11.20 2426
150 x 5 6.90 Typical Applications
150 x 10 13.80 General purpose mechanical and
200 x 30 54.00 electrical applications; EDM for
Formulae for calculating current rating spark erosion, earth rods,
as a function of constant area. electrodes for spot welding,
I = 7.73 x A0.5P0.39 bushes, bus bars, connectors etc.
I = Current in amperes
Where
A = Cross sectional area in mm²
P = Perimeter of conductor in mm
COPPER ROUND BARS COPPER SHEETS

EARTHING TAPE
Dia mm Kg/m Size Thick Kg/Pc
13 1.1 2m x 1m 0.5mm 8.4 Size Kg/m Rating Amps
16 1.8 2m x 1m 1.0mm 16.8 25 x 3mm 0.67 298
20 2.5
2m x 1m 1.5mm 26.8
25 4.4
32 7.2 2m x 1m 2.0mm 33.8
2m x 1m 3.0mm 50.8 SQUARE BAR
40 9.8 Sizes KG/MTR
50 17.5 2m x 1m 6.0mm 101.6
1”X1” 5.80 Kg
65 29.0 2m x 1m 10.0mm 169.4 13.0 Kg
11/2”X11/2”
75 42.5 2m x 1m 15.0mm 254.1 23.0 Kg
2”X 2”
100 75.5 2m x 1m 20.0mm 338.8 52.0 Kg
3”X 3”
130 143.0
150 158.4
WHITE METAL. R11 PURE METALS

Chemical Composition
Sn Balance Nickel
Sb 7.78% Tin,
Cu 3.32% Zinc
Ni 0.26% Lead
Cd 1.15% Aluminum
23
Brass
STD STOCK SIZES
Approximate Kg/m CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
Size Round Hexagon Square Copper 58%-62%
3/16" 0.15 - - Lead 1% - 3%
¼" 0.27 0.30 - Zinc 37%-42%
5/16" 0.42 0.46 -
3/8" 0.60 0.66 0.76
½" 1.07 1.18 1.36 BRASS FLATS BRASS ANGLE
5/8" 1.67 1.85 2.10 Size mm Kg/m Size mm Kg/m
¾" 2.41 2.66 3.09 20 x 3 0.50 20 x 20 x 3 1.0
7/8" 3.27 3.61 30 x 3 0.75 25 x 25 x 3 1.1
1" 4.30 4.72 5.51 40 x 4 1.34 30 x 30 x 3 1.3
1 1/8 " 5.40 5.80 50 x 5 2.10 40 x 40 x 3 2.4
1¼" 6.70 7.50 8.60 60 x 6 3.00
1½" 9.70 10.70 12.30
1¾" 13.10 14.50 BRASS SHEETS
2" 17.20 19.00 Size Thick Kg/Pc
2¼" 21.70 2m x 1m 0.5mm 8.4
2½" 26.80
2m x 1m 0.7mm 11.8
3" 38.60 - -
2m x 1m 1.0mm 16.8
3½” 55.00 - -
4" 68.60 - - 2m x 1m 1.5mm 26.8
5" 120.00 - - 2m x 1m 2.0mm 33.6
6" 170.00 - - 2m x 1m 3.0mm 50.4
2m x 1m 6.0mm 101.6
2m x 1m 10.0mm 169.4
* Profiles 2m x 1m 15.0mm 254.1
etc
2m x 1m 20.0mm 338.0
BRASS T Section available
BRAZING RODS (1mtr Length)
Size mm Pcs/Kg
1.5 66.0
BRASS TUBES BRASS SQUARE TUBES
3.0 17.0
Round Thick Square Thick
4.5 7.5
¼" 1.0mm ½" x ½" 1.0mm
3/8" 1.0mm ¾" x ¾" 1.0mm
½" 1.0mm 1" x 1" 1.0mm
5/8" 1.0mm 1¼" x 1¼" 1.0mm
¾" 1.0mm 1½" x 1½" 1.0mm Services available in Brass material
1" 1.0mm 7 Extrusion of profiles
1¼" 1.0mm 7 Gravity casting
1½" 1.0mm 7 Pressure die casting
2" 1.2mm 7 Forging
2½" 1.2mm 7 Brass Ingots
3" 1.2mm
24
Cast Iron
DUCTILE 500-7
STD. STOCK SIZES
Dia mm Kg/m Characteristics: Offers higher wear resistance, strength & heat-treatment response while
50 15.4 still possessing reasonable machinability and excellent surface finishes.
Noise and vibration damping are good in this grade.
80 39.5
100 61.7
130 104.2
Chemical Composition:
160 157.8
200 251.5 Element Typical %
230 326 Carbon 3.40 - 3.85
Silicon 2.30 - 3.10
Sulphur 0.02 Maximum
Phosphorous 0.10 Maximum
Balance Residual
Major global Hydraulics manufacturers are taking advantage of Unibar quality assured continuously Cast Irons, in the
production of Hydraulic Manifold Blocks for Cartridge Systems and Hydraulic Cylinder components. Utilising the superior
characteristics of Unibar to achieve significant improvements in their Production and manufacturing process with increased
overall cost saving and GREATLY IMPROVED MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS resulting in an improved end product.
COMPARISON PROPERTIES
Cast Iron 250 Ductile 500-7
Characteristics Offers a good Offers higher wear
combination of strength resistance, strength and
and ware resistance, heat-treatment response
while possessing good compared to unibar
machinability and surface 400-15 possesses good
finish. Noise and machinability and surface
vibration damping are finish. Noise and
excellent in this grade vibration damping are
excellent
in this grade.
Specifications EN -- 1561 - GJL - 250 EN - 1563 - Gjs - 500 - 7

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
UTS Newtons/mm² (Min) 115 - 230 500
0.2% Proof Stress (Min) Not reportable 320
Elonagation % (Min) 0.8% 7%
Brinel Hardness depends on secis are taken across the entire
Hardness Range BHN 160 - 230 180 - 240
material capabilities
Test Pressure Bar 242 781
Test Pressure Psi 3512 11328
Test Pressure N/mm² 24.39 78.67
port Dimension mm 20 20
Wall Dimension mm 2 2
Density 7.2g/cm
25
Cast Iron
STD. STOCK SIZES Chemical Composition
Dia mm Kg/m Dia mm Kg/m Total Carbon 3.35%
30 5.50 370 843 Silicon 2.50%
40 9.90 400 999 Sulphur 0.01%
50 15.4 420 1120 Phosphorus 0.70%
Manganese 0.55%
60 22.2 450 1250
Balance Iron
70 30.0 500 1560
80 40.0 600 2246
90 50.0 Currently 50% of the global pumps and compressors
100 62.0 manufacturers use continuously cast iron. The unibar
110 75.0 range 250 nodular and speciallised iron offer unique
115 82.0 properties & a wide range of advantages over comparative
130 104.0 materials and manufacturing process. Superior
160 158.0 machinability and improved mechanical characteristics
170 178.0 SQUARE make unibar an ideal material for the production of
180 202.0 compressor Rotors.
SIZE mm Kg/m
200 251.0
50 x 50 20
230 326.0
150 x 150 178
250 386.0 250 x 250 492
300 562.0 300 x 300 709
350 754.0 350 x 350 965
! Improved dimensional stability on rotor components ! Low residual stress, a product of the Unibar process
during operation
! Elimination of Spailing, during metal-to-metal contact
! Excellent damping properties for both noise and
vibration ! Elimination of costly patterns and dies no restriction of
design changes
! Improved wear, corrosion along with self-lubrication a
product of Unibar ! Reduced abortive machining costs and scrap
! 10% lighter than comparative steel products

! Freedom from usual defect associated with other
production methods and materials
! Unibar is extremely versatile in supply, grades and
shapes
! Strength and ductility of Unibar is comparable to some
steels
TYPICAL USES:
MACHINE TOOLS HYDRAULIC & TEXTILE GLASS GENERAL
PNEUMATIC MACHINERY BOTTLES ENGINEERING
Gear Blanks Piston Cam Shaft Neck Rings Guide Valve
Timer Pulleys Glands Wharves Guide Bush Plungers
Bushes Rotors Drum of- Plugs Inking Rollers
Drum Cam Couplings Cone Winding M/c Funnel Gears
Spacers Hydraulic press Rams Guide Tube for- Bottom Plate Pulleys
Control Valves Spinning Looms Cams
Maniford blocks Rolls
Valve Bodies Maintenance Items
26
Aluminum
ENG. 7075
AIZn5, 5MgCu (AZ5GU) High Resistance Grade
7075 is a zinc based, heat treated high strength aluminum alloy commonly used in motor sport components & a wide variety of high strength engineering
application
Chemical Analysis
Si Fe Cu Mn Mg Cr Zn Ti Others AI
0,40 0,50 1,2-2,0 0,3 2,1-2,9 0,18-0,28 5,1-6,1 0,15 0,15 The rest
Properties:
Machinability Homogeneity Stability Wear Weldability Ability for Corrosion
resistence polishing resistance
7075
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES STD STOCK SIZES STD STOCK SIZES

Plates FLATS RODS
Grade Thickness (mm) Rm (Mpa) Rm 0.2 (Mpa) A % min Hardness Size mm Kg/m Dia (mm) Kg/m
From To Min Min A HBS
60,0 80,0 495 420 4 147
200 x 65 35.95 50 5.50
T651 80,0 90,0 490 390 4 144 200 x 80 44.40 75 12.20
100,0 120,0 410 300 2 119 200 x 100 55.30 100 21.00
ALUMINIUM 7075 PLATES 250 x 65 44.07 125 34.00
SIZES IN METER KG/PC 250 x 80 54.25 160 55.70
2.5 MTR X 1.2 MTR X 20MM 161
2.5 MTR X 1.2 MTR X 30MM 241
250 x 100 67.80 175 68.00
2.5 MTR X 1.2 MTR X 40MM 322 300 x 65 53.95 200 88.00
2.5 MTR X 1.2 MTR X 50MM 402 300 x 80 66.10
2.5 MTR X 1.2 MTR X 65MM 523
2.5 MTR X 1.2 MTR X 80MM 544 300 x 100 82.40
2.5 MTR X 1.2 MTR X 100MM 805
ALU. PLAIN SHEET HALF HARD

Grade AA1050 PVC COATED SHEET ALUMINUM ANGLES 6.4 MRT LENGTH
Size Thick mm Kg/sheet Size Thick mm Kg/sheet Size mm Kg/pc
8’ x 4’ 0.4 3.22 8’ x 4’ 1.0 8.05 20x20x3x6.4 2.0 Kg
8’ x 4’ 0.7 5.60 8’ x 4’ 1.5 12.1 25x25x3x6.0 2.5 Kg
8’ x 4’ 0.8 6.45 8’ x 4’ 3.0 24.2 40x40x3x6.4 3.5 Kg
8’ x 4’ 1.0 8.05 50x50x3x6.0 5.0 Kg
8’ x 4’ 1.2 9.65
8’ x 4’ 1.5 12.10
8’ x 4’ 2.0 16.10
8’ x 4’ 3.0 24.20
8’ x 4’ 4.0 32.20 ALLOY 6063 -RODS Typical Applications
8’ x 4’ 6.0 48.25 Dia mm Kg/m General purpose mechanical uses like gears, bushes, pulleys,
8’ x 4’ 8.0 64.40 spacers, pistons, glands, couplings and many other maintenance
12.5 0.34
items.
8’ x 4’ 10.0 80.50 20 0.76
8’ x 4’ 12.0 96.60 25 1.36
8’ x 4’ 15.0 120.75 40 3.10 Services Available In Aluminium Material
8’ x 4’ 20.0 161.02 50 5.50 7 Pressure die casting
8’ x 4’ 25.0 201.30 75 12.20 7 Gravity casting
8’ x 4 40.0 322.00 100 21.60
8’ x 4 50.0 402.50 125 34.00
ALU. CHEQUERED PLATE 150 49.00
Size Thick mm Kg/sheet 180 70.50
8’ x 4’ 2.0 21.00 200 88.00
8’ x 4’ 3.0 26.65 250 136.00
27
Nylon
POM C
The Copolymer grade is the ideal combination of strength, stiffness and wears resistance. It absorbs very little moisture, is
easily machinable and is genuinely porosity-free making it the preferred grade for food contact and medical applications.
The product exhibits elevated resistance to hydrolysis, strong alkalis and thermal-oxidative degradation when compared to
acetal homopolymer.
POM C SHEETS POM C RODS POM C RODS
Size Dia mm Kg/sq.Mtr Size Dia mm Kg/Mtr Size Dia mm Kg/Mtr
1000mm x 1000mm x 6mm 10.18 5 0.03 70 5.69
1000mm x 1000mm x 12mm 19.02 10 0.12 80 7.45
1000mm x 1000mm x 15mm 23.44 15 0.27 90 9.43
1000mm x 1000mm x 20mm 30.80 20 0.47 100 11.65
1000mm x 1000mm x 25mm 38.18 25 0.74 130 19.79
1000mm x 1000mm x 40mm 61.18 40 1.87 160 29.94
1000mm x 1000mm x 50mm 75.92 50 2.92 180 38.00
1000mm x 1000mm x 70mm 107.10 60 4.20 200 48.00
1000mm x 1000mm x 100mm 153.00 65 4.91
Nylube RODS RODS

This supreme wear resistance grade contains Size Dia mm Kg/Mtr Size Dia mm Kg/Mtr
a combined liquid / solid lubricant system,
which allows for a coefficient of friction as low 50 2.50 90 8.00
as 0.08. The material has outstanding 60 3.60 100 9.90
pressure- velocity capabilities and is 70 4.90 130 16.60
particularly suited to dry running bearing
application throughout a wide load speed 80 6.60 160 24.50
range
PA6 RODS RODS

This general-purpose grade offers an
Size Dia mm Kg/Mtr Size Dia mm Kg/Mtr
excellent blend of mechanical and impact
strength, vibration damping and wear 15 0.22 100 9.42
resistance. Complimenting these properties 20 0.38 130 16.60
are good electrical insulation and favorable
25 0.60 160 24.20
chemical resistance.
40 1.51 180 31.30
50 2.36 200 39.50
60 3.46 250 60.90
65 3.97 300 86.90
70 4.60 350 118.70
80 6.02 400 154.00
90 7.62
Applications:
Rollers, Bushes, Gears, Guides, Sheaves, Thrust, Washers, Pulleys, Chain Guide, Cutting Boards, Wear Strip, Starwheels,
Scrolls, Clamps, Spacers, Liners, Ploughs, Mandrels, Sprockets, Cams, Seals etc.
Industrial Users:
Petrochemical, Aerospace, Railways, Ship building, Food and Food Packaging, Bottling and Canning, Pharmaceutical, Steel
Mills, Quarrying/Mining, Cranes, Shoe Manufacturing, Conveyors etc.
28
Nylon
PROPERTY METRIC UNITS IMPERIAL UNITS

GENERAL PA6 POMC NYLUBE
Colour Neutral White/Black
Density g/cm3 1.135 1.41 1.145
Moisture Absorption (Equilibrium) % 3 0.1 -
Water Absorption (24 hours) % - 0.20 -
Water Absorption (Saturation) % 9.50 0.90 -
MECHANICAL
Tensile strength Mpa 75 70 80
E-modulus Mpa 3500 2700 4000
Elongation at break % >30 >15 >20
Compressive Strength Mpa 90 110 95
Compressive Modulus Mpa 2600 2600 2600
Flexural Strength Mpa 80 80 105
Flexural Modulus Mpa 2100 2600 3400
Izod Impact Strength KJ/m2 8.00 7.20 6.00
Charpy Impact Strength KJ/m
2
- - -
Hardness (Shore D) - - 85 84
Coefficient of Friction (Dynamic) - - 0.25 0.08
Limiting PV Mpa/m.min - 6 -
Wear Rate mg/km - - -
K-Factor mm3/Nm - + 0.25x104
THERMAL
Melting Temperature
0
C 220 170 220
Glass Transition Temperature (Tg)
0
C 60 -60 -
Heat Deflection Temperature HDT/A
0
C 70 110 -
Heat Deflection Temperature HDT/B
0
C 160 160 -
Maximum Intermittent Service Temperature
0
C 160 140 180
Maximum Continuous Service Temperature
0
C 90 90 110
Minimum Intermittent Service Temperature
0
C - - -100
Minimum Continuous Service Temperature
0
C -40 - - 40
Coeffecient of Linear Thermal Expansion (TMA) C
0 -1
8.5 x 10-5 9.2 x 10
-5
8 x 104
Thermal Conductivity W/m0C 0.26 0.31 -
Flammability - HB HB HB
ELECTRICAL
Dielectric Constant - 3.5 3.8 3.7
Dielectric Constant (Low Frequency) - 3.9 - 4
Dissipation Factor Hz 0.021 0.005 -
Dielectric Strength kV/mm 25 16.5 25
Volume Resistivity ohm.m 1 x 1013 1 x 10
13
1 x 10
13
Surface Resistivity ROA ohm.m 1 x 1012 1 x 10

13
1 x 1012
Comparative Tracking Index CTI 600 600 600
29
Teflon PTFE
(Poly Tetra Fluoro Ethylene)
Virgin
PTFE Basic Poperties Sr. No Property Unit
PTFE
1 Density gm/cc 2.1 -2.2
PTFE is a polymer which is extensively used in chemical,
mechanical electronic & electrical industries due to its unique 2 Tensile Strength kgf / cm² 210 – 375
characteristics. 3 Elongation of Break % 250 - 400
- chemical inertness to all known chemicals, however attacked
4 Compressive Strength kgf/ cm² 40-50
by molten alkali metals, chlorine, trifluorides, fluorine & related
fluorine complexes at elevated temperature & pressure. 5 Compressive Modulus kgf / cm² 3500-4000
- resistance to solvents, insoluble in all solvents upto 260°c. 6 Deformation under load (Max.)
Certain high fluorinated oils swell & dissolve PTFE at
A. 2 Hrs. 23°C 113 kgf 12
temperatures close to crystalline melting point.
- wide operating temperature range -250°c to +260°c,at 8. 24 Hrs. 23°C 113 kgf % 15
Mechanical
atmospheric pressure. C. Permanent 8
D. 2 Hrs. 150°C 113 kfg 55
- lowest coefficient of friction among all known metals & non-
metals 7 Flexural Strength kgf/ cm² 50-57
- nontoxic & antisick properties 8 Flexural Modulus kgf/ cm² 3500 - 6300
- negligible water absorption
9 Impact Strength
flammable
- resistance to radiation, electrical properties remain practically A. -20°C cm kgf/ cm² 9
unchanged during & after irradiation, both in air and vaccum. B. +20°C 15
Excellent weathering resistance Shore D
10 Hardness 52-58
PTFE Applications 11 Coefficient of friction
A. DynamicP-7 kg / cm²V-o.5 - 0.04-0.06
Chemical process industries B. Static P-35 kg/cm² 0.05-0.08
- Rods, Bushes, Tubes, Sheets 12 Wear Rate (Max.) gm/s 0.01
- Expansion Joints, Bellows, Line Bellows, Valve Bellows, 13 Continuous Service Temp. At °c -250 to +260
PTFE & GFT Composite Bellows, Custoln Bellows. Atmospheric Pressure
- Gaskets, Envelope Gaskets, Ready Cut Gaskets, Universal
Rope Gaskets, Fused Joint Circular/Elliptical Equipment 14 Heat Resistance ( Max. ) % 0.01
Envelope Gaskets. 15 Thermal Conductivity ( Max. ) 10 cal cm S°C
1
6
Thermal
- Mechanical Packings, Chevron Packings, O/V/D/U Rings, Cup 16 Liner Thermal Expansion ( Max.) A R
Seals.
- Valve Components Ball Seats, Stem Seals, Body Seals, Plug A. 30 -150°C 1.5 1.5
Sleeves, Diaphragms, Butterfly Valve Seats. B. 30- 200°C % 2.4 2.3
- Pumps Components Mechanical Seals, Balls, Diaphragms. 13 3O-250°C 3.4 3.6
- Laboratory Ware Beakers, Plug Cocks.
- Thread seal tapes. 17 Dimensional stability
A. Length % 1.5 - 3
Mechanical Industries: B. Diameter 0.5 - 1
- Liners for machine tool guide ways & slideways.
Electrical
- Piston rings for non-lubricated air compressors 18 Dielectric Strength kv/mm 22- 24
- Chemically treated sodium itched sheet. 19 Volume Resistivity ohm cm > 101b
- low load, high speed bush bearing. 20 Surface Resistivity ohm > 101b
- Guidebands &piston seals for hydraulic pneumatic actuators
- Thin walled tubings 21 Water Absorption (Max.) % 0
- Hydraulic & pneumatic seals 22 Chemical Resistance ( Max.)
Chemical
- Hystersis friction washers for clutches A. Permeability % 0.01

- Bridge bearings, pipeline expansion supports
B. Dissolution 0.01
Electrical & Electronic Industries 23 PTFE is chemically inert & unaffected by all known chemicals
- Nozzles for sf6 circuit breakers. except molten or dissolved alkali metal.
- Sintered in slatiotape for insulation.
- Capacitor film RODS RODS
- Chemically treated insulator bushes for traction machines
- Brush holders Solid Kg/mtr Solid Kg/mtr
- Thin walled spaghetti tubings for insulation. 20 0.75 80 11.5
SHEETS 25 1.15 100 18
Size Dia mm Kg/Sheet 30 1.65 130 31.1

40 2.8 150 41.4
1mtr x 1mtr x 6mm 13.5
50 4.6 200 73.6
65 7.7
30 1mtr x 1mtr x 100mm 225.0
Tufnol
TECHNICAL DATA (Fabric Base Industrial Laminates Grade F3)
GRADE : LPF-3 (F3)
DESCRIPTION : LPF - 3 Grade material is manufactured from coarse weaved Grey Cotton Fabric. The material of this
grade is strong and tough with good machining properties. It is suitable for heavy duty gears and other
applications requiring high impact strength.
TOLERANCES : Sheets are supplied as per tolerance specified in IS:2036

PROPERTIES UNITS AVERAGE VALUES AS PER
TEST RESULTS IS 2036-1995
MECHANICAL
Tensile Strength Kgf/cm2 700 525 Min TUFNOL SHEETS
Flexural Strength /
Cross Breaking Strength Size Thick mm Kg/sheet
Kgf/cm2 1300 1000 Min
Shear Strength Kgf/cm2 735 650 Min 4’ x 4' x 3mm 6.10
Impact Strength (Edgewise) KJ/m2 10.0 8.8 Min 4’ x 4' x 6mm 12.90
(Charpy Method) 4’ x 4' x 10mm 21.10
Specific Gravity 1.35 ----- 4’ x 4' x 12mm 25.90
4’ x 4' x 15mm 31.20
ELECTRICAL
Electric Strength in oil at 900C 4’ x 4' x 20mm 41.30
• Flat wise 1.6 mm Thk Kv Withstood 1.2 for 1 Min 1.2 Min 4’ x 4' x 25mm 52.50
• Edgewise 3.2 mm Thk Kv Withstood 2Kv for 1 Min. 1.0 Min 4’ x 4' x 30mm 60.80
Insulation Resistance Meg Ohms 10.0 0.5 Min 4’ x 4' x 40mm 85.50
after immersion in water 4’ x 4' x 50mm 105.00
or 24 hours at 20°C 4’ x 4' x 70mm 150.00
Water Absorption (Specimen size - 50+ 1mm square) 4’ x 4' x 100mm 210.00
•• Thickness mm 1.6 6.0 20 25
•• Average Test Results mg 116 188 195 250
•• Maximum Values mg 220 277 384 420
SPECIFICATIONS MET: BS: 2572::1955::GRADE F3 / BSEN-60893-3-4-PFCC201

DIN: 7735 GRADE HGW: 2082
GRAPHITE CRUCIBLES BAND SAW BLADE HARD CHROME SHAFT

Std Stock Sizes
TYPE HEIGHT TOP BOTTOM BRIMFUL (1) 20 X 0.90 X 2360 - 4/6 tpi SIZE mm Kg/m
SIZE DIA DIA CAPACITY (2) 27 X 0.90 X 3810 - 4/6 tpi 12 0.9
mm mm mm LITRES (3) 27 X 0.90 X 3200 - 4/6 tpi 16 1.6
AI - 10 200 175 120 2.48 (4) 41 X 1.30 X 4870 - 2/3 tpi 18 2.0
AI - 80 400 314 210 15.26 (5) 20 X 0.90 - 4/6 tpi in roll form 20 2.5
22 3.0
AI - 100 410 340 240 21.00 (6) 27 X 0.90 - 4/6 tpi in roll form
25 3.8
AI - 150 470 370 260 28.15 (7) 41 X 1.25 - 2/3 tpi in roll form 28 4.8
TP - 287 600 527 305 76.48 30 5.5
TP - 982 800 440 295 73.51 32 6.3
36 8.0
38 8.9
40 9.8
45 12.5
Refractory Bricks 50 15.4
- 9” x 4 ½” x 3” 56 19.3
60 22.1
Ferro Silicon Lumps 63 24.4
65 26.0
Graphite for Spark Erosion 70 30.1
75 35.7
Pig Iron 80 39.0
85 43.9
Foundry chemicals 90 48.6
100 60.8
31
Hardness Conversions
The values in the table must be taken as approximate only and are based on DIN. 50150 (May 1957) and
EURONORM 8-55 (July 1955) Values converted according to ASTM may differ.
Vickers Brinell Rockwell Tensile Vickers Brinell Rockwell Tensile
hardness hardness hardness strength hardness hardness hardness strength
Inden- Inden-
tation tation
HV HB (10mm HRB HRC MPa HV HB (10mm HRB HRC MPa
ball) ball)
80 80 6.48 36.4 275 360 359 3.22 37.0 1213
85 85 6.32 42.4 295 370 368 3.18 38.0 1240
90 90 6.16 47.4 315 380 376 3.15 38.9 1269
95 95 6.01 52.0 325 390 385 3.11 39.8 1301
100 100 5.87 56.4 345 400 392 3.08 40.7 1326
105 105 5.76 60.0 365 410 400 3.05 41.5 1354
110 110 5.63 63.4 385 420 408 3.02 42.5 1385
115 115 5.52 66.4 390 430 415 3 43.2 1409
120 120 5.42 69.4 410 440 423 2.97 44.0 1438
125 125 5.32 72.0 420 450 430 2.95 44.8 1462
130 130 5.22 74.4 440 460 (437) (2.92) 45.5 (1490)
135 135 5.12 76.4 460 470 (443) (2.90) 46.3 (1520)
140 140 5.04 78.4 470 480 (450) (2.88) 47.0 (1550)
145 145 4.96 80.4 490 490 (457) (2.86) 47.7 (1580)
150 150 4.88 82.2 500 500 (464) (2.84) 48.3 (1610)
155 155 4.81 83.8 520 510 (471) (2.82) 49.0 (1640)
160 160 4.74 85.4 540 520 (478) (2.80) 49.6 (1670)
165 165 4.67 86.8 550 530 (485) (2.78) 50.3 (1700)
170 170 4.60 88.2 570 540 (491) (2.76) 50.9 (1730)
175 175 4.54 89.6 590 550 (497) (2.74) 51.5 (1760)
180 180 4.48 90.8 610 560 (504) (2.73) 52.1 (1780)
185 185 4.42 91.8 620 570 (510) (2.71) 52.7 (1810)
190 190 4.37 93.0 640 580 (516) (2.69) 53.3 (1840)
195 195 4.32 94.0 655 590 (523) (2.68) 53.8 (1870)
200 200 4.26 95.0 665 600 (529) (2.66) 54.4 (1900)
205 205 4.21 95.8 685 610 54.9
210 210 4.17 96.6 705 620 55.4
215 215 4.12 97.6 715 630 55.9
220 220 4.07 98.2 735 640 56.4
225 225 4.03 99.0 755 650 56.9
230 230 3.99 19.2 765 660 57.4
235 235 3.95 20.2 785 670 57.9
240 240 3.91 21.2 805 680 58.4
245 245 3.87 22.1 825 690 58.9
250 250 3.83 23.0 835 700 59.3
255 255 3.80 23.8 855 720 60.2
260 260 3.76 24.6 875 740 61.1
265 265 3.73 25.4 885 760 61.9
270 270 3.70 26.2 900 780 62.7
275 275 3.66 26.9 920 800 63.5
280 280 3.63 27.6 940 820 64.3
285 285 3.60 28.3 950 840 65.0
290 290 3.57 29.0 970 860 65.7
295 295 3.54 29.6 990 880 66.3
300 300 3.51 30.3 1010 900 66.9
310 310 3.45 31.5 1040 920 67.5
320 320 3.41 32.7 1080 940 68.0
330 330 3.36 33.8 1110
340 340 3.31 34.9 1150
350 350 3.26 36.0 1175 ( ) = Values very doubtful
APPENDIX - 1
Definitions
TENSILE TEST
Test pieces are used for establishing mechanical properties. When the test is done. Four values (1, 2, 3 and 4) are obtained.
1. TENSILE STRENGTH
The stress required to rupture in tension (pull), expressed in Magapascals(MPa). Also called Breaking Strength, Ultimate
Strength and Ultimate Tensile Strength.
2. YIELD STRENGTH
The stress at which a material exhibits a specified limiting set, commonly taken by the offset method as 0.20 per cent of the
specimen's original length, expressed in Megapascals.
3. ELONGATION
The amount of permanent stretch, after fracture in tension, expressed as a percentage of the specimen's original length.
4. REDUCTION OF AREA
The difference between the original cross sectional area of a specimen and the least cross sectional
area after rupture in tensile tests, expressed in percentage of the original cross-sectional area.
5. IMPACT STRENGTH
A measure of toughness. The force to fracture a notched specimen with a single blow. Expressed in Joules (J) or foot-
pounds of energy absorbed. Designated as "Charpy" or "Izod" Impact Strength, depending on the testing machine used
6. HEAT TREATMENT
An operation or combination of operations involving the heating and cooling of a metal to obtain certain desirable conditions
or properties, and not for the sole purpose of mechanical working.
7. ANNEALING
Heating and cooling primarily:
a) To induce softness
b) To relieve internal stresses
c) To obtain the optimum combination of strength and ductility.
8. DUCTILITY
The property which permits deformation under tension without rupture. Values of "Elongation" and
"Reduction of Area" are generally taken as a measure of Ductility.
9. HARDNESS
Resistance to plastic deformation by indentation, penetration, scratching or bending. Expressed by means of "Brinell",
"Rockwell", "Scleroscope" or "Vickers" Hardness numbers, depending upon the testing machine used and should be read in
conjunction with specified mechanical required.
10. STRESS RELIEVING

Heating and cooling to effect the release of stresses contained in material induced by heat treatment, welding or machining.
11. TEMPERING
Bringing about an intermediate condition in steel between being ductile and very hard, to provide a desired combination of
hardness and ductility, to achieve prescribed mechanical properties.
12. QUENCHING
This is the process carried out after material has been heated to the required hardening temperature. The material is then
immersed in specific cooling agents to attain hardnesses which is dependant on the cooing speed which is possible for the
hardening temperature concerned.
13. CASE HARDENING

In applications where it is necessary for components to have great toughness but, at the same time must have a high
resistance to wear, the required hardness can be achieved by case hardening the outer surface by means of one of the
following methods:
Carburising Nitriding Tuftriding Induction Hardening

Carbonitriding Nitrocarburising Flame Hardening
14. LIMITING RULING SECTION

The maximum Section on which certain mechanical properties are guaranteed according to the British Standard
Specification, BS 970 Pt 1 of 1983.
APPENDIX - 2
Hardness Values
ABREVIATION
Symbol ton F/Sq in. MPa Hardness (Brinell) MPA Mega Pascal (1 Mpa = 1 Newton/mm2)
N/mm² Newtons per mm squared
P 35/45 540/695 83 - 96 HRB HR Hot Rolled
(152/207) CD Cold Drawn
Q 40/50 618/772 88 - 99 HRB
CD & G Cold Drawn & Ground
(179/229)
HB Hardness Brinell
R 45/55 695/849 95B - 24 HRC
HRC Hardness Rockwell "C" Scale
(201/255)
S 50/60 772/926 18 - 27 HRC HRB Hardness Rockwell "B" Scale
(223/277) HV Hardness Vickers
T 55/65 849/1004 23 - 30 HRC kg/m Kilograms per metre
(248/302) KCV Charpy V Notch
U 60/70 926/1080 27 - 34 HRC J Joules
(269/331) Rm Tensile Strength
V 65/75 1004/1158 29 - 36 HRC Re Yield Stress
(293/352)
Rp 0.2 Yield at 0.2% offset
W 70/80 1080/1235 31 - 39 HRC
LRS Limiting Ruling Section
(311/375)
X 75/85 1158/1312 35 - 41 HRC N Normalised
(341/401) AISI American Iron and Steel Institute
Y 80/90 1235/1390 38 - 45 HRC BS British Standard
(363/429)
Z 100 MIN 1544 MIN 47 - HRC MIN
(444 MIN)
Formulae For Theoretical Mass Calculations
Section Formula x Spec Al Brass Bronze Copper Steel Stainless
D DxDX 0.002132 0.006657 0.006924 0.007010 0.00616 0.00631

Round
t
D
(D - t) x t x 0.0085 0.026 0.02778 0.028 0.02466 0.0253
Hollow
W
t wxtx 0.002712 0.00848 0.00882 0.00889 0.00786 0.00804
Flat
D
DxDx 0.002712 0.00848 0.00882 0.00889 0.00786 0.00804
Square
D
Hexagon DxDx 0.00235 0.007344 0.007638 0.00776 0.0068 0.006963
All dimension in “mm”, Mass = Kgs
APPENDIX - 3
SOME FACTS ABOUT ALLOYING AND ACCOMPANYING ELEMENTS IN STEEL
Al. Aluminium
This is the most powerful de-oxidiser used which also combines with Nitrogen, thereby reducing the susceptibitily to strain
ageing. Small additions assist fine-grained structure. As Aluminium forms very hard nitrides with Nitrogen, it is usually an
alloying element in nitriding steels. Aluminium improves the scale resistance and is therefore often used as an alloying
element in ferritic heat resisting steels.
C Carbon
Carbon is the most important and influential alloying element in steel. In addition to Carbon every unalloyed steel contains
Silicon, Manganese Phosphorus and Sulphur which occur unintentionally during manufacture. The addition of further
alloying elements to achieve special effects and intentional increase of Manganese and Silicon contents, result in alloy steel.
With increased Carbon content the strength and hardenability of steel increase but its ductility, forgeability and machineability
reduces. The Carbon content in steel has virtually no effect on the steel corrosion resistance to water, acids and hot gases.
Cr. Chromium
Chromium increases the hardenability of steel while the ductility is effected minimally. Higher Chrome content in steel
increases its corrosion resistance, and by forming carbides the edge holding quality of steel increases. The tensile strength of
steel increases by 8 100 N/mm² for every 1% Chrome added. The yield strength also increases but the notch impact value
reduces.
Mn. Managanese
Manganese increases the strength of steel to a lesser degree than Carbon while it favourably influences the forgeability,
weldability and markedly increases the hardness penetration depth.
Mo. Molybdenum
While Molybdenum improves the tensile strength and increases the heat resistance and weldability of steel, the forgeability of
steel with a high Molybdenum content decreases. When used in combination with Chromium and Nickel, Molybdenum may
produce high yield points and tensile strength values.
Ni. Nickel
By adding Nickel to steel the notch toughness is increased significantly and is therefore alloyed for increasing toughness in
case-hardening, heat-treatable and subzero toughness steels. Nickel combined with Chromium ensures good through
hardening. Chrome-Nickel steel are stainless, heat resistant and resistant to scaling. Nickel does not impair the welding
properties of steel.
P Phosphorus
Phosphorus is normally regarded as being detrimental to steel and every endeavour is therefore made to keep Phosphorus
content in high grade steels to maximum of 0.03 to 0.05%.
Pb. Lead
Lead is added in free cutting steels in amounts of 0.20 0.50%. Because of its fine homogenous distribution, formation of
shorter chips and clean faces of cut is achieved., thus improving machineability. The stated lead content does not effect the
mechanical properties of steel.
S Sulphur
Sulphur produces the most pronounced segregation of all steel accompanying elements. It leads to red shortness or hot
shortness. Sulphur is added to steels for automatic machining in quantities of up to 0.40%. This reduces the friction on the tool
cutting edges by means of a lubricating action, thereby increasing tool life. It also produces shorter chips during machining.
Sulphur also increases susceptibility to welding cracks in steel.
Si. Silicon
Silicon, like Manganese is contained in all steels as iron ore contains Silicon in various quantities, depending on overall
composition. Silicon is also absorbed from the furnace refractory linings during the melting process. However, only steels
containing more than 0.40% of Silicon are called Silicon steels. Silicon is a deoxidize and promotes graphite precipitation, it
also increases the strength and wear resistance of steel while significantly increasing the elastic limit, thus being a useful
alloying element in spring steels. Because of Silicons ability to greatly reduce electrical conductivity, extensive use is made of
it in electrical steels.
V Vanadium
Vanadium is used as a primary grain refiner in the manufacture of steel. It is also a strong carbide former, thus providing
increased wear resistance, edge holding and high temperature strength. Vanadium is therefore used primarily as an alloying
element in high speed, hot forming and creep resistant steels.
APPENDIX - 4
Brass Items
Aluminum Railing Head
APPENDIX - 5
Notes
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KENS METAL INDUSTRIES LTD.

KENS METAL INDUSTRIES is a leading supplier and manufacturer of Engineering

Casting Facilities - Continuous Casting

STAINLESS STEEL G 304 SHEETS / TUBES / RODS / FITTINGS / PIPES 2/3

ENGINEERING STEEL EN 8 RODS 8

WEAR PLATE ROC 400 13

MILD STEEL PLATES / RODS / PROFILES 15

BRONZE LG2, PB1, AB2 RODS / PROFILES / INGOTS 21/22

CAST IRON RODS / PROFILES 25

NYLON POM C / PA6 / NYLUBE RODS / SHEETS 28/29

HARD CHROME SHAFTS 31

APPENDIX 1 HARDNESS CONVERSION CHART

Maximum Recommended Service Temperature Cold Working

Mechanical Properties at Room Temperature Dia Size Wt

Hardness (Brinell) 165 - 165 - 165 - S.S SHEET GRADE 316

Catering - Shallow/medium drawn utensils, Tableware,

0.12 14-18 0 1.0 ma 0 0 Balance

309 is a highly alloyed austenitic stainless steel used for its

Properties at Elevated Temperatures

Temperature °C 550 650 750 850 950 1050

SS SHEET GRADE 309S

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION N 660 530 495 7 - - - >6 <13

Forging: STD STOCK SIZES

Properties minima unless stated

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION N 700 355 - 12 - - 201/255 63

Properties minima unless stated

W.stoff (German) 1.6582 Treatment

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION T 850/1000 650 635 13 30 35 248/302 250

Sulphur 0.035 Max Y 1225/1375 1095 1080 10 18 21 363/429 29

PLATE STOCK SIZE STD STOCK SIZES DIA

Properties minima unless stated

R 700/850 495 480 15 25 28 201/255 250

Phosphorus = 0.040 max W 10751225 940 925 12 30 35 311/375 19

STD STOCK SIZES

2mtr x 6mtr 6mm to 50mm thick

5 mm dia 10 mm dia 15 mm dia 20 mm dia 30 mm dia

severe abrasion combined with moderate impact and heat A

Advantages of a weld- overlay plates:

Surface Chemical composition:

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION HR CD or 433 345 420 10 - - - 6 13

MILD STEEL PLATES BRIGHT BARS STD STOCK SIZES

Size mm Kg / Pc SQUARE SIZE ROUND SIZE ROUND SIZE

BS EN ISO 4957:2000 X153CrMOV12 Nominal Chemical Analysis %

300x30 74 54 effective section for a minimum

Temper immediately after quenching whilst tools are still

66 diagram and temper

100 62.0 according to requirements.

Note: H10 Tool Steel available in the following sizes

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

Weight Varies By +/- 5% Weight Varies By +/- 5% Weight Varies By +/- 5%

Services available in LG2

Typical Applications Services available in PB1 material

Alloy UTS 0.2% Proof Stress Elongation% Hardness

*Against steel: starting friction without lubrication.

COPPER ROUND BARS COPPER SHEETS

WHITE METAL. R11 PURE METALS

Specifications EN -- 1561 - GJL - 250 EN - 1563 - Gjs - 500 - 7