FIVE BASIC TENSES

1.      SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

Dalam bahasa Inggris Present Tense atau Simple Present Tense digunakan untuk
menyatakan peristiwa atau kejadian, kegiatan, aktivitas dan sebagainya yang terjadi saat ini.
Present Tense juga digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu Fakta, atau sesuatu yang tejadi
berulang-ulang

formula nominal :

(+) S + TO BE (IS, AM, ARE) + COMPLEMENT

(-) S + TO BE + NOT + C

(?) TO BE + S + C + ?

Example

(+) the secretary is diligent.

(-) the secretary isn’t diligent.

(?) is the secretary diligent?

yes, she is.

no, she isn’t

to be (is, am, are)

I am = I’m

you are = you’re

we are = we’re

they are = they’re

he is = he’s
she is = she’s

it is = it’s

Formula Verbal

(+) S + V-1 + S/ES + O

(-) S + DON’T/DOESN’T + V-1 + O

(?) DO/DOES + S + V-1 + O + ?

Example

(+) He works in the post office.

(-) He doesn’t work in the post office

(?)  Does he work in the post office ?

yes, he does.

no, he doesn’t.

Penggunaan do/does

I don’t

you don’t

we don’t

they don’t

he doesn’t

she doesn’t

it doesn’t

2.      Simple Past Tense

Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu peristiwa atau perbuatan yang telah terjadi pada waktu
lampau.

Formula Nominal (tanpa kata kerja )

(+) S + TO BE (WAS, WERE) + C

(-) S + TO BE (WAS, WERE) + NOT + C

(?) TO BE (WAS, WERE) + S + C + ?

Example

(+) the employee was swoon yesterday.

(-) the employee was not swoon yesterday.

(?) was the employee swoon yesterday?

yes, he/she was.

no, he/she wasn’t.

Penggunaan to be (was,were) 

I was

 you were

we were

 they were

he was

she was

it was

Formula Verbal ( dengan kata kerja )

(+) S + VERB-2 + O

(-) S + DIDN’T + VERB-1 + O

(?) DID + S + VERB-1 + O + ?

(+) My class practiced job interview last week.

(-) My class didn’t practice job interview last   week.

(?) did My class practice job interview last week

Signals of time

a few minutes ago = tadi

 just now = baru saja

 in the morning = tadi pagi

yesterday = kemarin

the day before yesterday = kemarin lusa

two days ago = 2 hari lalu

last week = minggu lalu

last month = bulan lalu

last year = tahun lalu

last night = tadi malam

3.      Present Continuous Tense

digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu peristiwa atau perbuatan yang sedang terjadi pada saat
berbicara.

Formula

(+)
 S + TO BE (IS, AM, ARE) + VERB-ING + O

(-) S + TO BE (IS, AM, ARE) + NOT + VERB-ING + O

(?) TO BE (IS, AM, ARE) + S + VERB-ING + O + ?

Example

(+) the lecturer  is teaching english business now.

(-) the lecturer isn’t  teaching english business now.

(?) is the lecturer teaching english business now.

yes, he is.

no, he isn’t.

Signals of time ( Keterangan Waktu )

now = sekarang

at present = sekarang

 at the moment = pada saat ini

4.      Simple Future Tense

digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu peristiwa atau perbuatan yang terjadi pada masa yang
akan datang.

Formula

(+) S + SHALL/WILL + VERB-1 + O

(-) S + SHAN’T/WON’T + VERB-1 + O

(?) SHALL/WILL + S + VERB-1 + O + ?

EXAMPLE:

(+) the lecturer  will teach english business tomorrow

(-) the lecturer  will not teach english business tomorrow.

(?) will the lecturer  teach english business tomorrow?

yes, he’ll

no, he won’t

 Penggunaan Shall/Will

 I shall/will = I’ll

 we shall/will = we’ll

 you will = you’ll

 they will = they’ll

he will = he’ll

she will = she’ll

it will = it’ll

Signal of Time

 tomorrow = besok

 the day after tomorrow = besok lusa

 next week = minggu depan

 next month = bulan depan

 next year = tahun depan

 next two weeks = 2 minggu ke depan

 next saturday = hari sabtu depan

tonight = nanti malam

5.      Present Perfect Tense

Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu peristiwa atau perbuatan yang telah terjadi dan masih
berhubungan dengan masa sekarang.
Formula

(+) S + HAVE/HAS + VERB 3 + O

(-) S + HAVE/HAS + NOT + VERB 3 + O

(?) HAVE/HAS + S + VERB 3 + O + ?

EXAMPLE :

(+) My sister  has started a new business

(-) My sister has not started a new business

(?) Has my sister started a new business?

yes, she has

no, she hasn’t

Penggunaan Have/ Has

I have

you have

we have

they have

he has

she has

it has

Signal of time

for = selama

since = sejak

already = sudah
Exercises 

1.SEKRETARIS  ITU TELAH MEMBUAT JADWAL MEETING SELAMA 2 MINGGU.

2.SANTY AKAN MENGIRIM SURAT LAMARAN ITU BESOK.
3.PERUSAHAAN ITU SEDANG MENERIMA LOWONGAN PEKERJAAN
4.DOKTER  ITU TERLAMBAT KEMARIN
5.YOZY MENUNGGUKU SEJAK PAGI

Grammar Exercise

Buat kalimat menggunakan kata-kata berikut ini: 

use the right tenses (Present Tense/ Present Continuous Tense/ Past Tense/ Pr Perfect
Tense)

1. owner
2. investment
3. business
4. consumer
5. customer
6. price
7. supplies
8. capital
9. global
10. trade