HEAT AND THERMODYNAMICS

UNIT - I

1. What is heat?
a. Heat is a substance called calorie which flows from heavy
body
to a light body.
b. Heat is energy that flows from a high temperature body to a
low
temperature body.
c. Heat is a motion that passes from a moving body to a
stationary
body.
d. Heat is a field passing from high potential body to a low
potential body.

2. If the temperature of patient is 40°C, his temperature on the

Fahrenheit scale will be
a. 104°F b. 72°F c. 96°F d. 100°F

3. The temperature of a block of iron is 140°F. Its temperature the

Celsius scale is
a. 108° b. 32° c. 60° d. 140°

4. The temperature at which centigrade and Fahrenheit scales give

the
same reading is
a. 40°C b. 40°R c. -40°C d. 40°F

5. In a resistance thermometer, the resistances at 0°C and 100°C are

6.74 and 7.74 ohms respectively. The temperature corresponding to
6.53 ohms resistance is
a. +53°c b. +21°C c. -53°C d. -21°C

6. No other thermometer is suitable as a platinum resistance

thermometer to measure temperature in the entire range of
a. -50°C to +350°C b. -200°C to +600°C
c. o°C to 100°C d. 100°C to 1500°C

7. For measurement of temperature of the order of 400°C, we will

prefer
a. Mercury thermometer b. Alcohol thermometer
c. Radiation thermometer d. Thermocouple

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8. The bulb of the Callendar’s compensated constant pressure air
thermometer is 800cm3. When the bulb is immersed in a bath,
200cm3 of mercury has to be drawn out of the reservoir. The
temperature of the bath on the Celsius scale is
a. 33.33°C b. 91°C c. 364°C d. none of the above
9. A constant volume gas thermometer works on
a. Archimedes principle b. Boyle’s law c. Pascal’s law
d. Charles’s law

10. A constant volume gas thermometer shows pressure reading of

50cm
and 90 cm of mercury at 0°C and 100°C respectively. When the
pressure reading is 60cm of mercury, the temperature is
a. 25°C b. 40°C c. 15°C d.12.5°C

11. The ratio of any two temperatures on this scale is equal to the
ration
of the heats absorbed and rejected by a Carnot reversible engine
working between these two temperatures. Such a temperature
scale is called_____________
a. Kelvin scale b. Celcius Scale c. Reaumer Scale d.
none

12. The branch of heat dealing with measurement of temperature is

called ____________
a. Thermometry b. Callorimetry C. Plasticity d. none

13. ____________ is an instrument used to measure the temperature of

a body.
a. Thermometer b. Pyrometer c. Callorimeter d. none

14. The relation between Celsius and Reaumur scale is

C R R C C R
a. = b. = c. = d. none
100 80 100 80 100 180

15. Fahrenheit Scale is used in

a. Medical b. Scandinavian Countries c. Internationally
d. none of the above

Answers:

1) b 2) a 3) c 4) c 5) d 6) b 7) d 8) b 9) d 10) a 11) a

12) a 13) a 14) a 15) a

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 UNIT – II

1. The number of degrees of freedom of Nitrogen molecule (N2) is

a) 2 b) 3 c) 5 d) 7

2. On the basis of kinetic theory of gases, the mean K.E of 1 mol per
degree of freedom is
a) (1/2) RT b) (3/2) RT c) (1/2) KT d) (3/2) KT
3. Oxygen and Hydrogen gases are at the same temperature T. The
Kinetic energy of an oxygen molecule will be equal to
a) 16 times the KE of a hydrogen molecule
b) 4 times the KE of a hydrogen molecule
c) The KE of a hydrogen molecule
d) One fourth the KE of a hydrogen molecule

4. The value of the ratio of specific heat capacities for rigid triatomic
molecule is
a) 1.75 b) 1.66 c) 1.4 d) 1.33

5. The average distance traveled by a molecule between two

successive
collisions is called
a) Wavelength b) mean free path c) free path
d) Molecular diameter

6. The mean free path of a gas varies with absolute temperature as

a) T b) T-1 c) T2 d) T4

7. The mean free path of a gas molecule is inversely proportional to

a) square of the diameter of the molecule
b) square root of the diameter of the molecule
c) molecular diameter
d) fourth power of molecular diameter

8. The mean free path of a gas varies with pressure as

a) P b) P-1 c) P-2 d) P2

9. The viscosity of a gas is directly proportional to

a) temperature b) square root of temperature
c) characteristic gas constant d) density of the gas

10. Diffusion of gases is mainly due to

a) Newton’s law of cooling b) Pressure difference
c) Joule-Kelvin effect d) A concentration gradient of the
molecules

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11. The coefficient of diffusion is directly proportional to
a) T3/2 b) T1/2 c) T2/3 d) none of these

12. Example for non-linear molecule is

a) H2O b) CO2 c) CS2 d) none of these

13. Example for microscopic properties of the gas molecule is

a) speeds b) pressure c) temperature d) none of these

14. The KE of the gas is proportional to the absolute

a) temperature b) pressure c) volume d) none of
these

15. The total number of independent coordinates required to specify

completely its position and configuration is called
a) degrees of freedom b) equipartition of energy
c) Maxwell distribution law d) none of these

Answers:

1) c 2) a 3) c 4) d 5) b 6) a 7) a 8) b 9) b 10) d 11) a

12) a 13) a 14) a 15) a

UNIT – III

1. In the general gas equation PV=RT, Vander Waals introduced a

correction factor a/V2 in pressure. The term a/V2 represents
a) Effective area of molecules b) Mean velocity of gas molecules
c) Volume occupied by molecules d) Attraction force between molecules

2. Critical temperature can be defined as

a) Temperature at which all motion of gas ceases
b) Temperature at which a gas is converted into liquid
c) Temperature at which volume of gas becomes zero
d) Temperature above which a gas can not be liquefied no matter
how
high pressure may be.

RT c
3. The value of for a gas obeying Vander Waal’s equation is
PcVc
a) 8/3 b) 3/8 c) 1 d) 0.5

4. The relation between temperature of inversion (Ti) and Boyle

temperature (TB) is

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 a) Ti=2TB b) Ti=TB c) 2Ti=TB d) TiTB=1

5. The relation between temperature of inversion (Ti) and critical

temperature (Tc) is
a) Ti=6.75Tc b) Ti=2Tc c) Ti=Tc d) 1/Tc

6. If a gas under constant pressure is allowed to pass through an

insulated porous plug to a region of constant low pressure, the
temperature of escaping gas changes. This effect is called
a) Feltier effect b) Kelvin effect c) Joule Thomson effect
d) none of the above.
7. Critical Volume (Vc) is the reciprocal of the
a) critical density b) temperature c) gas constant d) none

8. The Critical Pressure (Pc) is

a b a a2
a) 2 b) 2 c) d)
27b 27a 27 b 27b 2

9. The Critical Volume (Vc) for argon gas is

a) 3b b) 1.4b c) 2.8b d) 5b

10. If two gases have the same reduced pressure and volume, they will
also have the same reduced
a) temperature b) momentum c) viscosity d) potential

11. Two gases are said to be in corresponding sates if the ratios of

their
actual pressure, volume and temperature and critical pressure,
critical volume and critical temperature have the
a) same value b) different value c) reciprocal of its value
d) none of the above.

12. The fall in temperature becomes zero at a particular temperature

called the
a) temperature of inversion b) critical temperature
c) critical pressure d) critical volume

13. If (2a/RT)>b, then δ T is positive. Hence there will be a

a) cooling or heating effect b) heating effect c) cooling effect
d) none of these

14. The inversion temperature (Ti) is

2a 4a 2a a
a) Ti = b) Ti = c) Ti = d) Ti =
Rb Rb Rb 2 Rb

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15. The temperature of inversion for hydrogen is
a) -800°C b) -60°C c) -180°C d) -80°C

Answers:

1) d 2) d 3) a 4) a 5) a 6) c 7) a 8) a 9) b 10)a 11) a

12) a 13) c 14) a 15) d

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 UNIT – IV

1. If a hot body is placed in vacuum, it cannot lose heat by

a) conduction b) radiation c) emission d) none

2. The average wavelength of thermal radiation is greater than that of

a) ultra violet b) visible light c) infrared d) x-ray

3. The unit for total emissive power is

a) Jm-3s-1 b) Jm-1s-1 c) Jm-2s-1 d) none

4. ________________ is the radiant energy of all wave lengths emitted

per
unit time from unit surface area of a radiating body.
a) spectral emissive power b) Stefan law
c) Boltzmann law d) Total emissive power

5. A perfectly ____________ is one which absorbs all the heat radiations,

of whatever wavelength, incident on it.
a) black body b) red body c) yellow body d) green body

6. The nature of radiation becomes _____________ of the shape, size and

material of the body.
a) dependent b) independent c) reciprocal d) none

7. The nature of radiation depends only upon the ___________ of the

body.
a) size b) shape c) temperature d) all of these

8. The total amount of heat radiated by a perfectly black-body per

second
per unit area is ____________ proportional to the fourth power of its
absolute temperature.
a) inversely b) directly c) naturally d) none

9. The value of relative emittance (e) varies between

a) 0 and 1 b) -1 and +1 c) -1 and 0 d) 0 and 2

10. If the body has an emissivity (i.e., relative emittance) e, then

( ) ( )
a) E = e 2σ T 4 − To4 b) E = eσ T 4 − To4 ( )
c) E = eσ 2 T 4 − To4 d) none

11. At what temperature a black body will radiate thermal energy at

the
rate of 1 watt per square cm?
a) 598 K b) 487 K c) 648 K d) 785 K

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12. The formula for Stefan’s constant is
m 2 c( dT dt ) mc( dT dt )
σ = b) σ =
( ) A3 (T14 − T24 )
a)
A T14 − T24
mc( dt dT ) mc( dT dt )
c) σ = d) σ =
A(T14 − T24 ) A(T14 − T24 )

13. _____________ is defined as the amount of solar energy received per

second by unit area of a perfectly black surface, held perpendicular
to the sun’s rays and placed at a mean distance of the earth from
the sun, in the absence of the atmosphere.
a) Solar constant b) Stefan constant
c) Rayleigh constant d) none of these

14. The solar constant is determined by using

a) resistance thermometer b) water flow pyroheliometer
c) Jolly’s constant volume thermometer d) none of these

15. Formula for the temperature of the sun is

1 1 1 1
d 3S  4
 d 2S  4
d 2S  4
d 2S  4
a) T =  2 o  b) T =  2 o2  c) T =  2 o  d) T =  4 o 
R σ  R σ  R σ  R σ 

16. The value of So is

a) 1400 Jm-2s-1 b) 1800 Jm-2s-1 c) 2000 Jm-2s-1 d) none

17. For a perfectly black body the relative emittance is

a) zero b) one c) two d) none of these

18. The solar spectrum was first observed by

a) Bohr b) Einstein c) Newton d) Homi J. BhaBha

19. Fraunhofer lines can be explained by applying the

a) principle of reversal b) newton’s law c) cooling method d)
none

20. The Photosphere is surrounded by a gaseous envelope called the

_____________ whose temperature is about 6000K.
a) telluric lines b) chromosphere c) fraunhofer lines d)
none

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Answers:

1) a 2) b 3) c 4) d 5) a 6) b 7) c 8) b 9) a 10) b 11) c

12) d 13) a 14) b 15) c 16) a 17) b 18) c 19) a 20) b

UNIT – V

1. The conduction of heat from hot body to a cold body is an example

of
a) reversible process b) irreversible process
c) quasistatic process d) none of the above

2. The total gain in entropy of the working substance in Carnot’s cycle

is
a) zero b) negative c) positive d) none of the above

3. A piece of ice is added to water in a cup. The entropy

a) is increased b) is decreased
c) undergoes no change d) does not enter into picture

4. The ratio of adiabatic and isothermal elasticities for any substance

is
equal to
a) Cp b) zero c) Cp-Cv d) Cp/Cv

5. The process will not be reversible if there is any loss of heat due to
a) friction b) acceleration c) velocity d) none

6. It is impossible for an engine unaided by external agency to transfer

heat from one body to another at a higher temperature. This
statement is called
a) Maxwell statement b) Heisenberg statement
c) Clausius statement d) Kelvin- Plank statement

7. The second law of thermodynamics tells us that many processes

are
a) reversible b) cyclic c) isolated d)
irreversible

8. The zero point energy is

1 1 1 2 1 2 2
a) ω b) ω2 c) ω d)  ω
2 2 2 2

9. The unit for entropy is

a) JK-3 b) JK-1 c) JK2 d) none of these

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10. The total change of entropy is _________ during a Carnot cycle of
operations.
a) two b) four c) infinity d) zero

11. The entropy of a system increases in all irreversible processes. This

is
known as the law of
a) increase of entropy b) decrease of entropy c) zeroth law
d) none of these

12. When m kg of water at T1 K is heated to T2 K, the increase in

entropy
∆ S2 is
T1 2 T1 T2
a) mC log e b) m C log e c) mC log e d) none
T2 T2 T1

13. Maxwell’s thermodynamical second relation is

 ∂S   ∂V   ∂T   ∂P 
a)   = −  b)   = − 
 ∂P T  ∂T  P  ∂V  S  ∂S V
 ∂T   ∂V 
c)   =   d) none of the above
 ∂P  S  ∂S  P

14. The second law of thermodynamics is

a) dQ = T dS b) dS = T dQ c) T dQ = dS d) none

15. The Clausius – Clapeyron equation is

dP T dP L dP L
a) = b) = c) = d)
dT L(V2 −V1 ) dT T (V2 −V1 ) dT T (V1 −V2 )
none

16. Calculate the change in entropy when 0.05 kg of steam at 100°C is

converted to water at the same temperature.
a) 302.9JK-1 b) 562.9JK-1 c) 403.9JK-1 d) none

17. The energy of the molecules at absolute zero temperature is called

a) internal energy b) free energy c) zero point energy d) none

18. The formula for Enthalpy (H) is

a) U+PV b) TdS+VdP C) TdS- VdP d) VdS+TdP

19. 10-2 kg of water is heated from 0°C to 100°C. Compute the change
in
entropy.

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 a) 13.08JK-1 b) 18.23JK-1 c) 32JK-1 d) 65.36JK-1

20. It is impossible to construct a device which, operating in a cycle,

has
the sole effect of extracting heat from a reservoir and performing
an equivalent amount of work. This statement is called
a) Maxwell statement b) Kelvin- Plank statement
c) Clausius statement d) Heisenberg statement

Answers:

1) b 2) a 3) a 4) d 5) a 6) c 7) d 8) a 9) b 10) d 11) a

12) c 13) c 14) a 15) b 16) a 17) c 18) a 19) a 20) b

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 OPTICS AND SPECTROSCOPY

UNIT – I

1. The combined focal power of two thin lenses of focal lengths f1 and
f2
in contact is
f1 f 2 f + f2 f1 + f 2
a) b) 1 c) d) f1 f 2
f1 + f 2 2 f1 f 2

2. When two convex lenses of focal lengths f1 and f2 are placed

coaxially
at a distance d from each other in air, the focal length of the
combination will be
f1 f 2 f1 + f 2 − d f1 + f 2 f1 f 2
a) b) c) d)
f1 + f 2 − d f1 f 2 f1 f 2 f1 + f 2

3. The distance of the first principal point w.r.to first lens is given by
f1d f2d
a) α = b) α =
f1 + f 2 − d f1 + f 2 − d
f1 f 2 d f1 + f 2 − d
c) α = d) α =
f1 + f 2 − d f1 d

4. When the media on the two sides of a lens system are the same
a) Principal points coincide with focal points
b) Principal points coincide with nodal points
c) Nodal points coincide with focal points
d) None

5. The point at which image is formed due to a lens by marginal rays

is
different from that due to paraxial rays. The defeft in the image
thus produced is known as
a) circle of least confusion b) chromatic aberration
c) spherical aberration d) coma

6. For minimum spherical aberration, two lenses of focal lengths f1 and

f2 are to be placed at a distance equal to
a) f1+f2 b) f1-f2 c) f1/f2 d) (f1+f2)/2

7. An achromatic doublet is made of two glasses of

a) crown b) flint c) crown and flint d) none

8. Two thin lenses of focal lengths f1 and f2 separated by a distance “d”

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 form an achromatic combination when “d” is equal to
a) (f1-f2)/2 b) (f1+f2)/2 c) f1+f2 d) f1-f2
9. For achromatic combination of two lenses in contact, the lenses
must
be
a) Both convex b) Both concave
c) One convex and the other concave d) None of the
above

10. The inability of rays of different colours of light starting from a

distant source of white light, to converge to a common point after
passing through a convex lens is referred to as
a) spherical aberration b) optical illusion
c) chromatic aberration d) astigmatism

11. The condition for achromatism for two lenses in contact is

ω1 f ω1 f ω1 f
a) =− 2 b) = 2 c) =− 1
ω2 f1 ω2 f1 ω2 f2
ω1 f
d) = 1
ω2 f2

12. A direct vision spectroscope is based upon

a) deviation without dispersion b) dispersion without
deviation
c) neither deviation nor dispersion d) all the above

13. The dispersive power of the material of a prism between red and
violet rays is given by
n − nr n − nv n − nr n − nv
a) ω = v b) ω = r c) ω = v d) ω = r
n −1 n −1 1− n 1− n

14. The deviations in the size, shape, position and colour in the actual
images produced by a lens in comparison to the object are called
___________ produced by a lens.
a) aberrations b) dispersion c) deviationd) none

15. The line joining the centres of curvature of the twosurfaces is

called
a) principal section b) principal axis c) principal mode d) none

16. The power for convex lens is

a) negative b) square value c) positive d) none

17. The failure of a lens to form a point image of a point object on the
axis is called

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 a) spherical aberration b) cubic aberration
c) elliptical aberration d) none

18. A spherical lens which is free from the defects of spherical

aberration
and coma is called
a) aplanatic point b) edge point c) focal point d) none

19. Direct Vision Spectroscope

a) can be used to make any measurements on spectra
b) can not be used to make any measurements on spectra
c) can be used to measure IR spectrum only
d) none of the above

20. An achromatic telescope objective of 1.5m focal length consists of

two
thin lenses in contact with each other and their dispersive powers
are 0.05 and 0.075 respectively. What is their focal lengths.
a) f2=-0.75m b) f2=-0.95m c) f2=-1.75m d) f2=-2.75m

Answers:

1) a 2) a 3) a 4) b 5) c 6) b 7) c 8) b 9) c 10) c 11) c

12) b 13) a 14) a 15) b 16) c 17) a 18) a 19) b 20) a

UNIT – II

1. Two sources of light are said to be coherent if the waves produced

by
them have the same
a) wavelength b) amplitude
c) wavelength and a constant phase difference
d) amplitude and the same wavelength

2. Two separate sources giving out light of the same frequency do not
produce interference because
a) The amplitude of the waves from the sources are not equal
b) The two sources are not close to each other
c) The waves are not traveling in the same direction
d) The phase difference between the waves given out by the two
sources is always changing

3. A laser is coherent source because it contains

a) many wavelengths

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 b) uncoordinated wave of a particular wavelength
c) coordinated wave of many wavelengths
d) coordinated waves of a particular wavelength

4. To demonstrate the phenomenon of interference, we require

a) two sources which emit radiation of the same frequency
b) two sources which emit radiation of nearly the same
frequency
c) two sources which emit radiation of the same frequency and
have definite phase relationship
d) two sources which emit radiation of different wavelengths
5. For the formation of colours of thin films, the source of light should
be
a) broad and monochromatic b) broad and white
c) narrow and monochromatic d) narrow and white

6. When white light is used, in interference phenomena, we get

a) dark and bright fringed b) coloured fringes
c) no fringes d) all are true

7. Which of the following phenomena produces the cours in soap

bubble
a) interference b) diffraction c) polarization d) dispersion

8. When a thin film is seen in a monochromatic light

a) even then it shows many colours
b) it shows only bright and dark fringes
c) it shows no fringes d) none of these
9. For interference in air film at normal incidence, the condition for
brightness in reflected light is
λ λ
a) 2t = 0 b) 2t = c) 2t = (2n +1) d) 2t = nλ
3 2

10. Colours of thin films are due to

a) Dispersion of light b) Interference of light
c) Diffraction of light d) Absorption of light

11. Phase-difference is equal to

2π π
a) × pathdiffer ence b) × pathdiffer ence
λ 2λ
2λ λ
c) × pathdiffer ence d) × pathdiffer ence
π 2π
12. When a light wave is reflected from the surface of an optically
denser
medium, it suffers a phase change of
a) π/2 b) 2/π c) 2π d) π

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13. If we consider two consecutive bright fringes, the fringe width β
will
be the
a) different b) constant c) square multiple d)
same

14. In a Michaelson’s interferometer

a) movable mirror is half silvered
b) stationary mirror is half silvered
c) rear side of the plane glass plate is half silvered
d) rear side of the compensating plate is half silvered

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15. When the movable mirror in Michaelson’s interferometer is moved
through a distance λ/2, the number of fringes crossing the field of
view is
a) 2 b) 1 c) 10 d) 0

16. When the two mirrors of Michealson’s interferometer are perfectly

perpendicular to each other __________ fringes will be observed
a) Straight line b) Inclined c) Circular d) Elliptical

17. When the movable mirror of a Michelson interferometer is moved

by 0.0589mm, a shift of 200 fringes is observed. What is the
wavelength of light used?
a) 589nm b) 989nm c) 689nm d) 389nm

18. The fringe width (β ) is ___________

a) λD/d b) λd/D c) D/λd d) d/λD

19. Condition for sustained interference of light waves is given below.

Which one is wrong statement?
a) The two interfering sources must be coherent.
b) The two sources must be narrow
c) The separation between the two sources must be large
d) The two interfering sources should emit light of the same
frequency or wavelength

20. In Michelson’s interferometer, Light from the source S is rendered

parallel by a lens L and falls on the glass plate G, at an angle of
_____
a) 25° b) 38° c) 90° d) 45°

Answers:

1) c 2) d 3) d 4) c 5) b 6) b 7) a 8) b 9) c 10) b 11) a

12) d 13) d 14) c 15) b 16) c 17) a 18) a 19) c 20) d

UNIT – III

1. The bending of light rays about corners of an obstacle is called

a) Dispersion b) Diffraction c) Deviation d) Refraction

2. In Fraunhofer diffraction, the source and the screen are _____ from
the slit causing diffraction
a) at equal finite distance b) at unequal finite distance
c) effectively at infinite distance d) none

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3. In Fresnel’s diffraction at a straight edge, the incident wave front is
a) plane b) spherical c) cylindrical d) none

4. The ability of an optical instrument to show the images of two

nearby
point objects as separate is called
a) magnifying power b) dispersive power
c) resolving power d) none of these

5. Two closely spaced objects are said to be resolved when

a) principal maximum of one falls upon the principal maximum of
another
b) principal maximum of one falls upon the first minimum of
another
c) first minimum of one falls on the first minimum of another
d) none

6. The resolving power of a telescope is

a) limited by the diameter of its objective
b) limited by the kind of the glass used
c) independent of the wavelength of light used
d) dependent on the diameter of its eyepiece

7. Resolving power of a diffraction grating depends on

a) the order of spectrum only b) the number of lines on the
grating c) both (a) and (b) d) none

8. The correct formula for resolving power of grating is given by

a) N×n b) N2/n c) n/Nd) (N×n)2
9. The resolving power of a prism is
a) directly proportional to the rate of change of refractive index
with wavelength
b) inversely proportional to the rate of change of refractive index
with wavelength
c) inversely proportional to thickness of prism
d) independent of thickness of prism
10. The resolving power of prism of refractive index μ and base length
t
for a given wavelength λ is given correctly by the relation
dµ dλ dλ dµ
a) t b) 2t dµ c) t dµ d)
dλ dλ

11. The minimum intensity points are __________ in diffraction pattern

a) Perfectly dark b) not perfectly dark
c) Partially coloured d) none

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12. Diffraction fringes are
a) not of the same width b) the same width
c) colourful one d) none of these

13. In diffraction, _______ can be observed

a) all fringes b) only a few fringes
c) all the same width fringes d) all the different width fringes

14. In diffraction, the interaction occurs between the secondary

wavelets
originating from different points of the exposed parts of the
_________
a) different wave front b) multi level wave front
c) same wave front d) none of these

15. A diffraction grating has 0.15m of surface ruled with 6×105 lines/m.
What is its R.P. in the first order?
a) 9×105 b) 9×107 c) 9×106 d) 9×104

Answers:

1) b 2) c 3) c 4) c 5) b 6) a 7) c 8) a 9) a 10) a 11) b

12) a 13) b 14) c 15) d

UNIT – IV

1. The discovery of Polarization of light confirmed that, Light waves

are
a) neither waves are nor particles b) longitudinal in character
c) transverse in nature d) all of the above

2. Plane of polarization and plane of vibration are

a) one and the same b) Coplanar
c) Perpendicular to each other d) none

3. Plane polarized light can be produced by

a) simple reflection b) nicol prism
c) pile of plates d) all of the above

4. Polaroid sun glasses decrease glare on a sunny day because they

a) refract the light b) completely absorb the
light
b) have a special colour d) block a portion of light

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5. A calcite crystal is placed over a dot on a piece paper and rotated.
On
seeing through the crystal, one observes
a) one stationary dot b) two rotating dots c) two stationary
dots d) one stationary and the other rotating about the stationary dot
6. Nicol prism is based on the action of
a) refraction b) double refraction c) scattering d) none

7. Nicol prism is used for

a) production of plane polarized light only
b) detection of plane polarized light only
c) production and detection of polarized light
d) none of the above

8. In a nicol prism, the extraordinary ray

a) passes straight through b) undergoes total internal
reflection
c) is bent twice as much as the ordinary ray
d) is at right angles to the ordinary ray

9. Along the optic axis, the velocity of O-wave is

a) greater than the velocity of E-wave
b) less than the velocity of E-wave
c) the same as the velocity of E-wave
d) none

10. In doubly refracting crystal no and ne are the refractive indices of

the
crystal for O–rays and E-rays. Then along the optic axis of the
crystal
a) no > ne b) no = ne c) no < ne d) all the above

11. If Vo and Ve are the velocities of ordinary and extra-ordinary rays

along the optic axis of a doubly refracting crystal
a) Vo >Ve b) Vo= Ve c) Vo < Ve d) none

12. Quarter wave plate introduces a path-difference

a) λ /2 b) λ /4 c) λ d) 2λ

13. The phase difference introduced by a quarter wave plate between

the
ordinary and the extra ordinary rays is
a) 2π b) π c) π/4 d) π/2

14. When the principal planes of the polarizer and analyzer are

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 perpendicular ( or when the two nicols are crossed) if plane
polarized light is examined, the intensity of light will be
a) zero b) maximum c) minimum d) uniform

15. In elliptically polarized light

a) amplitude of vibrations changes in direction only
b) amplitude of vibrations changes in magnitude only
c) amplitude of vibrations changes in magnitude and direction
both
d) none of the above
16. If the intensity of light examined by an analyzer remains uniform,
the
light is
a) plane polarized b) partially polarized
c) elliptically polarized d) ordinary or circularly polarized

17. Two Nicols are being used as polarizer and analyzer respectively.
When the analyzer is rotated from o to 2π, the transmitted
intensity
remains same. What conclusion can be drawn about the light’s
polarization charactertics?
a) it could be unpolarised or circulary polarized or a mixture of
the
two b) elliptically polarized c) plane polarized
d) mixture of plane polarized and circularly polarized light

18. The term optical activity refers to

a) degree of polarization produced when ordinary light is passed
b) decrease in polarization when plane polarized light is passed
c) rotation of the plane of polarization when plane polarized light
is
passed
d) none of the above
19. For a given thickness of the optically active substance, the angle of
rotation is approximately
a) proportional to the wavelength of light
b) inversely proportional to the wavelength
c) directly proportional to square of the wavelength
d) inversely proportionally to square of the wavelength

20. Instrument used to measure optical rotation is called

a) Optometer b) Photometer c) Polarimeter d) Rotometer

Answers:

1) c 2) b 3) d 4) d 5) d 6) b 7) c 8) a 9) c 10) b 11) b

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12) b 13) d 14) a 15) c 16) d 17) a 18) c 19) d 20) c

UNIT – V

1. Infrared radiations are detected by

a) heating effect b) fluorescence c) phosphorescence d)
none

2. The source of ultraviolet radiation used in the laboratory is

a) Nernst glower b) Globar c) mercury vapour lamp d)
none

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3. Raman frequency is found to be dependent on
a) incident frequency
b) angle between the direction of incidence and scattering
c) scattering substance
d) none of the above

4. The apparent change in frequency of the wave due to relative

motion
between the source and the observer is known as
a) Raman effect b) Doppler effect c) Faraday effect d) none

5. Numerical aperture of the optical fibre is

a) NA = sinim b) NA=tan im c) NA=cos im d) none

6. Who was the discoverer of IR radiations?

a) Faraday b) Newton c) Einstein d) Herschel

7. The wavelengths of IR radiations range from ______ to _____.

a) 750nm to 1mm b) 350nm to 2mm c) 950nm to 1mm d)
none

8. What is the natural source of infrared radiations?

a) Pluto b) Moon c) Saturn d) Sun

9. Incandescent solid bodies at temperatures of _____ to ____ emit

radiations throughout the infrared.
a) 1000°C to 2500°C b) 1000°C to 1500°C
c) 1500°C to 2500°C d) none

10. The lines having wavelengths greater than that of the incident
wavelengths are called
a) Stokes lines b) Anti-stokes c) Rayleigh lines d) none

Answers:

1) a 2) c 3) c 4) b 5) a 6) d 7) a 8) d 9) b 10) a

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