METRO MANILA COLLEGE

U-Site Brgy. Kaligayahan, Novaliches, Quezon City

BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
Senior High School (Grade 11)

CREATIVE
NONFICTION THE
LITERARY ESSAY

MODULE
APPROACHES and
2
POINT OF VIEW

Prepared by Ms. Jessa Mae T. Gemilla, LPT

Ms. Jean Carla N. Leonor
In this module, the students are expected to:

• Apply the objective and/or subjective approach in

describing a photo
• Write a draft of a short piece using an appropriate point
of view
• Do a close reading of creative nonfictional texts
• Analyze a text based on its use of point/s of view
 According to Hidalgo, a good piece of creative nonfiction
has a personal voice, a clearly defined point of view, which
will reveal itself in the tone, and be presented through scene,
summary and description, as it is in fiction. All its strategies
are designed to reach out to the readers and draw them in-
again, as in fiction- without losing track of the facts.

APPROACH
APPROACH may either be objective or subjective. Your
circumstances a writer determine the approach you will use.
Approach may also refer to the angle or handle you choose. This is
your “take” on your subject.

TONE and VOICE

TONE has to do with the writer’s attitude toward his subject.
Different tones are communicated through one’s own choice of words.
VOICE is related to tone. It is also related to style, which is very
difficult to define. Personal style is the mark of personality upon the
work; thus in literature style would be the writer’s particular way of
using language. STYLE is the result of many factors- gender, class,
books, films, MTV or everything which makes up the writer’s
environment.
 APPROACH
a. Objective
January 26 was a Monday

Tuesday, about 120 student leaders, representing thirty-six schools and at least a
dozen national youth organization , gathered at the Far Eastern University. NUSP
President Edgar Jopson, of the Ateneo, presided over the three-hour meeting, during
which resulotion was passed demanding the resignation of certain officials of the law
enforcement agencies, and Friday was set as the starting date of a series of rallies.
While the student were conferring at the FEU, the President was in a handle with law
enforcement official in Malacañang. He told them to be “more tolerant to the future
leader of the country,” and order them to drop the charges against the student arrested
on January 26.

The January 30 Insurrection” Jose F. Lacaba

b. Subjective
But at that moment I glanced round at the crowd that had followed me . It was
immense crowd, two thousand at the least and growing every minute. It blocked the
road for a long distance on either side. I looked at the sea of yellow face above the
garish-face all happy and excited over this bit of fun, all certain that the elephant was
going to be shot

They were watching me as they would watch a conjurer about to perform a trick.
They did not like me, but with the magical rifle in my hands momentarily worth
watching .

And suddenly I realized that I should shoot the elephant after all. The people
expected it of me and I had got to do with it; I could feel their two thousand will
pressing me forward , irresistibly. And it was at this moment, as I stood there with the
rifle in my hand, that I first grasped the hollowness, the futility of the white man’s
dominion in the East.

“ Shooting an Elephant,” George Orwell

 POINT OF VIEW
POINT OF VIEW refers to the narrator of the story, vantage point
from where readers observe the events of the story, or the writer’s special angle of
vision, the one whose perspective is told.
a. First Person P.O.V– First person is when “I” am telling the story, The character
is in the story, relating his or her experiences directly. It is limited and biased because it tells
the story through one character

Example:
We got our TV set in 1959, when I was 5. So I can barely remember life without television
. I have spent 20,000 hour of my life in front of the set. Not all my Contemporaries
watched so much, but many did, and what’s more, we watched the same programs, heard the
same commercial, were exposed to the same end-of-show lessons…

And what did all this television watching teach me ? We, I rarely swallowed the little pellets
of end-of-show moral presented in the television shows I watched (that crime does not pay,
that must always obey one’s parents) . But I observed something of the way the word
works: that life is easier if one fits in with the established conventions; that everything is
easier if one has pretty face.
“ I Remember ,” Joyce Maynard

b. Second Person P.O.V– The story is told to “you”. This POV is not common
in fiction, but can make the writing more personal to the reader.

Example:
Even the poor can dream. A dream of time when there is money . Money for the right
kinds of food , for worm medicine, for iron pills, for toothbrushes , for hand cream, for a
hammer and nails and a bit of screaming, for a shovel, for a bit of paint , for some sheeting,
for needles and thread. Money to pay in money for a trip to town. And, oh, money for hot
water and money for a soap. A dream of when asking for help does not eat away the last bit
of pride. When the office you visit is a nice as the offices of other governmental agencies,
when there are enough workers to help you quickly, when workers do not quit in defeat
and despair. When you have to tell your story to only one person, and that person can send
you for other help and you don’t have to prove your poverty over and over and over again.

“ What is Poverty?,” Jo Goodwin Parker

c. Third Person P.O.V– The story is about “he” or “she” this is the most common
point of view in fiction. The narrator is outside of the story and relating the experience of a
particular character, without relating the thoughts or experiences of other characters.

Example:
His position was, indeed, an official one, but it was hardly the easier for that. In hospitals it
was her duty to prove the services of herself and her nurse when they were asked for by the
doctors, and not until then. At first some of the surgeon would have nothing to say her,
and, though she was welcomed by others, the majority were hostile and suspicious. But
gradually she gained ground. Her good will could not be denied, and her capacity could not
be disregarded . With consummate tact, with all the gentles of supreme strength, she
managed at last to impose her personality upon the susceptible, overwrought, discourage ,
and helpless group of men in authority who surrounded her. She stood firm; she was a rock
in the angry ocean; with her alone was safety, comfort, life.

“ Florance Nightingale” in Eminent Victorians, Lytton Strachey

Keep in mind!

 Use the first person P.O.V if you are relating an event that you
yourself witnessed or experienced. For example, you watched an
exciting volleyball game where your team won.
 The second person P.O.V may be used when you decide to write
a piece and you want to sound as if you are actually talking or
addressing another person, yourself where “you” is actually the
writer, or something abstract like love, peace, or justice, or a place
or location.
 Third person P.O.V may be used when you quote what a real
person has said which results in a “he said/she said” type of
narrative or when you are describing someone in your text.
 TASK1: EXPLORATORY ACTIVITY

Answer the question using the appropriate

point of view.

Two of your classmates, a boy and a girl, are arguing about a

school project. The three of you are members of group that needs to
submit the project on time. They blame each other for the late
submission and they enumerate the mistakes each one has done. Your
teacher calls for you and your want to know what happened and why are
two are quarreling. How would you recount the story to your teacher?
 TASK2: WRITING EXERCISE

Take a photo of anything that catches your

attention inside the school. Paste it below and write
your thoughts about the photograph you took. You
must be able to use objective or subjective
approach in describing your photo.
 The Death of the Moth
By Virginia Woolf

Moths that fly by day are not properly to be called moths; they do not
excite that pleasant sense of dark autumn nights and ivy-blossom which the commonest
yellow-underwing asleep in the shadow of the curtain never fails to rouse in us. They are
hybrid creatures, neither gay like butterflies nor sombre like their own species.
Nevertheless the present specimen, with his narrow hay-coloured wings, fringed with a
tassel of the same colour, seemed to be content with life. It was a pleasant morning, mid-
September, mild, benignant, yet with a keener breath than that of the summer months.
The plough was already scoring the field opposite the window, and where the share had
been, the earth was pressed flat and gleamed with moisture. Such vigour came rolling in
from the fields and the down beyond that it was difficult to keep the eyes strictly turned
upon the book. The rooks too were keeping one of their annual festivities; soaring round
the tree tops until it looked as if a vast net with thousands of black knots in it had been
cast up into the air; which, after a few moments sank slowly down upon the trees until
every twig seemed to have a knot at the end of it. Then, suddenly, the net would be
thrown into the air again in a wider circle this time, with the utmost clamour and
vociferation, as though to be thrown into the air and settle slowly down upon the tree
tops were a tremendously exciting experience.

The same energy which inspired the rooks, the ploughmen, the horses, and
even, it seemed, the lean bare-backed downs, sent the moth fluttering from side to side
of his square of the window-pane. One could not help watching him. One was, indeed,
conscious of a queer feeling of pity for him. The possibilities of pleasure seemed that
morning so enormous and so various that to have only a moth's part in life, and a day
moth's at that, appeared a hard fate, and his zest in enjoying his meagre opportunities to
the full, pathetic. He flew vigorously to one corner of his compartment, and, after
waiting there a second, flew across to the other. What remained for him but to fly to a
third corner and then to a fourth? That was all he could do, in spite of the size of the
downs, the width of the sky, the far-off smoke of houses, and the romantic voice, now
and then, of a steamer out at sea. What he could do he did. Watching him, it seemed as
if a fibre, very thin but pure, of the enormous energy of the world had been thrust into
his frail and diminutive body. As often as he crossed the pane, I could fancy that a
thread of vital light became visible. He was little or nothing but life.
 Yet, because he was so small, and so simple a form of the energy that
was rolling in at the open window and driving its way through so many narrow
and intricate corridors in my own brain and in those of other human beings, there
was something marvellous as well as pathetic about him. It was as if someone had
taken a tiny bead of pure life and decking it as lightly as possible with down and
feathers, had set it dancing and zig-zagging to show us the true nature of life.
Thus displayed one could not get over the strangeness of it. One is apt to forget
all about life, seeing it humped and bossed and garnished and cumbered so that it
has to move with the greatest circumspection and dignity. Again, the thought of
all that life might have been had he been born in any other shape caused one to
view his simple activities with a kind of pity.

After a time, tired by his dancing apparently, he settled on the

window ledge in the sun, and, the queer spectacle being at an end, I forgot about
him. Then, looking up, my eye was caught by him. He was trying to resume his
dancing, but seemed either so stiff or so awkward that he could only flutter to the
bottom of the window-pane; and when he tried to fly across it he failed. Being
intent on other matters I watched these futile attempts for a time without
thinking, unconsciously waiting for him to resume his flight, as one waits for a
machine, that has stopped momentarily, to start again without considering the
reason of its failure. After perhaps a seventh attempt he slipped from the wooden
ledge and fell, fluttering his wings, on to his back on the window sill. The
helplessness of his attitude roused me. It flashed upon me that he was in
difficulties; he could no longer raise himself; his legs struggled vainly. But, as I
stretched out a pencil, meaning to help him to right himself, it came over me that
the failure and awkwardness were the approach of death. I laid the pencil down
again.

The legs agitated themselves once more. I looked as if for the enemy
against which he struggled. I looked out of doors. What had happened there?
Presumably it was midday, and work in the fields had stopped. Stillness and quiet
had replaced the previous animation. The birds had taken themselves off to feed
in the brooks.
The horses stood still. Yet the power was there all the same, massed outside
indifferent, impersonal, not attending to anything in particular. Somehow it was
opposed to the little hay-coloured moth. It was useless to try to do anything. One
could only watch the extraordinary efforts made by those tiny legs against an
oncoming doom which could, had it chosen, have submerged an entire city, not merely
a city, but masses of human beings; nothing, I knew, had any chance against death.
Nevertheless after a pause of exhaustion the legs fluttered again. It was superb this last
protest, and so frantic that he succeeded at last in righting himself. One's sympathies,
of course, were all on the side of life. Also, when there was nobody to care or to know,
this gigantic effort on the part of an insignificant little moth, against a power of such
magnitude, to retain what no one else valued or desired to keep, moved one strangely.
Again, somehow, one saw life, a pure bead. I lifted the pencil again, useless though I
knew it to be. But even as I did so, the unmistakable tokens of death showed
themselves. The body relaxed, and instantly grew stiff. The struggle was over. The
insignificant little creature now knew death. As I looked at the dead moth, this minute
wayside triumph of so great a force over so mean an antagonist filled me with wonder.
Just as life had been strange a few minutes before, so death was now as strange. The
moth having righted himself now lay most decently and uncomplainingly composed. O
yes, he seemed to say, death is stronger than I am.
 TASK3: LET’S DO THIS!

Read the text The Death of the Moth by Virginia

Woolf. After reading, answer the following
questions.

1. What point or points of view did the writer use? Cite an example.

2. Did the writer succeed in using the point or points or points of view in
emphasizing her point? Explain your answer.