Jaco Pastorius

John Francis Anthony "Jaco" Pastorius III (/ˈdʒɑːkoʊ

pæˈstɔːriəs/; December 1, 1951 – September 21, 1987) was an
Jaco Pastorius
American jazz bassist who was a member of Weather Report from
1976 to 1981. He worked with Pat Metheny and Joni Mitchell, and
recorded albums as a solo artist and band leader.[1] His bass playing
employed funk, lyrical solos, bass chords, and innovative harmonics.
As of 2017, he is the only electric bassist of seven bassists inducted
into the DownBeat Jazz Hall of Fame,[2] and has been lauded as one
of the best electric bassists of all time.[3][4]

Pastorius suffered from drug addiction and mental health problems

throughout his professional life, and despite his widespread acclaim
had problems over the latter part of his life holding down jobs due to
his unreliability. In frequent financial trouble, he was often homeless
Pastorius in concert, 1986
throughout the mid 1980s. He died in 1987, as a result of injuries
sustained in a fight outside of a South Florida music club. Background information
Birth name John Francis
After his death, his work continued to influence musicians. He was
Pastorius III
elected to the DownBeat Hall of Fame in 1988. He was the subject
of the 2014 documentary film Jaco. Born December 1,
1951
Norristown,
Pennsylvania,
Contents U.S.
Biography Died September 21,
Growing up in South Florida 1987 (aged 35)
Early career Fort Lauderdale,
Weather Report Florida, U.S.
Word of Mouth
Genres Jazz Fusion
Death
Occupation(s) Musician,
Stage presence and bass techniques composer,
Equipment producer
Bass of Doom Instruments Electric bass,
Amplification and effects Drums,
Guest appearances Percussion
Awards and honors Years active 1966–1987
Discography Labels Epic, Warner
See also Bros., Columbia,
ECM, CBS,
Notes
Elektra
References
Associated acts Pat Metheny,
External links Joni Mitchell,
 Weather Report,
Biography
Trio of Doom,
Herbie Hancock,
Growing up in South Florida Wayne Cochran
and the C.C.
John Francis Pastorius was born December 1, 1951, in Norristown, Riders, Albert
Pennsylvania. He was the oldest of three boys born to Stephanie, his Mangelsdorff, Al
Finnish mother, and Jack Pastorius, a singer and jazz drummer who Di Meola
spent much of his time on the road. His family moved to Oakland
Website jacopastorius
Park near Fort Lauderdale when he was eight.[5]
.com (http://jacop
Pastorius' nickname, "Jaco", became adopted, and was partially astorius.com/)
influenced by his love for sports as well as the umpire Jocko Conlan.
In 1974, he began spelling it "Jaco" after it was misspelled by his neighbor, pianist Alex Darqui. His brother
called him "Mowgli" after the wild boy in The Jungle Book because he was energetic and spent much of his
time shirtless on the beach, climbing trees, running through the woods, and swimming in the ocean. He
attended St. Clement's Catholic School in Wilton Manors and was an altar boy at St. Clement's Church. His
confirmation name was Anthony, thus expanding his name to John Francis Anthony Pastorius. He was
intensely competitive and excelled at baseball, basketball, and football.[5]

He played drums until he injured his wrist playing football when he was thirteen. The damage was severe
enough to warrant corrective surgery and inhibited his ability to play the drums.[5]

Early career

By 1968–1969, at the age of 17, Pastorius had begun to appreciate jazz and had saved enough money to buy
an upright bass. Its deep, mellow tone appealed to him, though it strained his finances. He had difficulty
maintaining the instrument, which he attributed to the humidity in Florida. When he woke one day to find it
had cracked, he traded it for a 1962 Fender Jazz Bass.[6]

In his teens he played bass guitar for Wayne Cochran and the C.C. Riders.[7]

In the early 1970s, Pastorius taught bass at the University of Miami,

where he befriended jazz guitarist Pat Metheny, who was also on the
faculty. With Paul Bley, Pastorius and Metheny recorded an album, later
titled Jaco (Improvising Artists, 1974).[8] Pastorius then played on
Metheny's debut album, Bright Size Life (ECM, 1976).[9] He recorded his
debut solo album, Jaco Pastorius (Epic, 1976) with Michael Brecker,
Randy Brecker, Herbie Hancock, Hubert Laws, Pat Metheny, Sam &
Dave, David Sanborn, and Wayne Shorter.[10]

Weather Report

Before recording his debut album, Pastorius attended a concert in Miami

by the jazz fusion band Weather Report. After the concert, he approached
keyboardist Joe Zawinul, who led the band. As was his habit, he
introduced himself by saying, "I'm John Francis Pastorius III. I'm the
Pastorius on November 27,
greatest bass player in the world."[11] Zawinul admired his brashness and
1977
asked for a demo tape. After listening to the tape, Zawinul realized that Pastorius had considerable skill.[5]
They corresponded, and Pastorius sent Zawinul a rough mix of his solo album.

After bassist Alphonso Johnson left Weather Report, Zawinul asked Pastorius to join the band. Pastorius
made his band debut on the album Black Market (Columbia, 1976), in which he shared the bass chair with
Johnson. Pastorius was fully established as sole band bass player for the recording of Heavy Weather
(Columbia, 1977), which contained the Grammy-nominated hit "Birdland".[7]

During his time with Weather Report, Pastorius began abusing alcohol and illegal drugs,[5] which
exacerbated existing mental problems and led to erratic behavior.[12] He left Weather Report in 1982 due to
clashes with tour commitments for his other projects, plus a growing dissatisfaction with Zawinul's
synthesized and orchestrated approach to the band's music.[5]

Word of Mouth

Warner Bros. signed Pastorius to a favorable contract in the late

1970s based on his groundbreaking skill and his star quality, which
they hoped would lead to large sales. He used this contract to set up
his Word of Mouth big band[5] which consisted of Chuck Findley on
trumpet, Howard Johnson on tuba, Wayne Shorter, Michael Brecker,
and Tom Scott on reeds, Toots Thielemans on harmonica, Peter
Erskine and Jack DeJohnette on drums, and Don Alias on
percussion. This was the group that recorded his second solo album,
Word of Mouth (Warner Bros., 1981).[13]

In 1982, Pastorius toured with Word of Mouth as a 21-piece big

Pastorius in New York City with band. While in Japan, to the alarm of his band members, he shaved
Jorma Kaukonen behind him, left, his head, painted his face black, and threw his bass guitar into
March 1986 Hiroshima Bay.[5] He was diagnosed with bipolar disorder in late
1982 after the tour.[14][15] Pastorius had shown signs of bipolar
disorder before his diagnosis, but these signs were dismissed as
eccentricities, character flaws, and by Pastorius himself as a normal part of his freewheeling
personality.[16][17]

Despite attention in the press, Word of Mouth sold poorly. Warner Bros. was unimpressed by the demo tapes
from Holiday for Pans.[5] Pastorius released a third album, Invitation (1983), a live recording from the Word
of Mouth tour of Japan. As alcohol and drug problems dominated his life, he had trouble finding work,
finding people who would tolerate his shenanigans, and he wound up homeless. In 1985, while filming an
instructional video, Pastorius told the interviewer, Jerry Jemmott, that although he had been praised often for
his ability, he wished that someone would give him a job.[5]

Death

Pastorius developed a self-destructive habit of provoking bar fights and allowing himself to be beaten up.[5]
After sneaking onstage at a Santana concert at the Sunrise Musical Theater in Sunrise, Florida on September
11, 1987 and being ejected from the premises, he made his way to the Midnight Bottle Club in Wilton
Manors, Florida.[18] After reportedly kicking in a glass door, having been refused entrance to the club, he
was in a violent confrontation with Luc Havan, the club's manager who was a martial arts expert.[19]
Pastorius was hospitalized for multiple facial fractures and injuries to his right eye and left arm, and fell into
a coma.[20] There were encouraging signs that he would come out of the coma and recover, but they soon
faded. A brain hemorrhage a few days later led to brain death. He was taken off life support and died on
September 21, 1987 at the age of 35 at Broward General Medical Center in Fort Lauderdale.[18]

Luc Havan faced a charge of second-degree murder. He pleaded guilty to manslaughter and was sentenced
to twenty-two months in prison and five years' probation. After serving four months in prison, he was
paroled for good behavior.[21]

Stage presence and bass techniques

Jaco Pastorius, Jazz at the Opera
House, San Francisco CA 2/22/82
described Florida beach bum, he often went barefoot and shirtless. He was tall, lean, and strong, and for
someone who played sports the nickname "Jocko" fit. His thumbs were "double jointed" and his fingers
were long and thin.[5][11]
Until about 1970, most jazz
bassists played the acoustic,
upright bass, also known as
the double bass. With the
exception of the bass players
in the trios Bill Evans led,
bassists remained in the
background with the
drummer, forming the Pastorius demonstrating his
rhythm section, while the harmonics, placing his bass guitar on
saxophonist, trumpeter, or the floor
vocalist handled the melody
and led the band. Pastorius
had other ideas for the bass player. He played an electric bass from
which he had removed the frets. He played fast and loud, sang, and
did flips. He spread powder on the stage so he could dance like
James Brown. He joked around and talked to the crowd. A self-

After being taught about artificial harmonics, he added them to his technique and repertoire. (Natural
harmonics, also known as open string harmonics, are played by lightly touching the string at a fret without
pressing it to the fretboard, resulting in a note that rings somewhat like a bell. Artificial harmonics, also
called false harmonics, involve lightly touching a string with one finger, then using another finger to play
the note,[5] simultaneously playing and stopping the note.[22]) An often cited example is the introduction to
"Birdland".

He was noted for virtuosic bass lines which combined Afro-Cuban rhythms, inspired by the likes of Cachao
Lopez, with R&B to create 16th-note funk lines syncopated with ghost notes. He played these with a
"movable anchor" thumb technique on the right hand, anchoring on the bridge pickup while playing on the E
and A strings and muting the E string with his thumb while playing on higher strings. Examples include
"Come On, Come Over" from the album Jaco Pastorius and "The Chicken" from The Birthday Concert.

Equipment

Bass of Doom
Pastorius played a number of Fender Jazz Bass guitars over the
years, but the most famous was a 1962 Jazz Bass that he called the
Bass of Doom. When he was 21, Pastorius acquired the bass, which
was modified to remove the frets. It is unclear when the frets were
removed, as his recollections varied over the years. A common story
is that he used a common butter knife to remove the frets, and sealed
the fretboard with epoxy resin.[23][24]

One anecdote, as recounted by Allyn Robinson in an interview with Jaco plays the Bass of Doom at a
Robert Sturrken on his Nightlife and Music with the Maestro show with Weather Report in 1977.
program on WYLK Lake 94, claimed Pastorius removed the frets
only four hours before a gig with Wayne Cochran.

In 1986 the bass was repaired by luthiers Kevin Kaufman and Jim Hamilton, after it had been broken into
many pieces.[25] After the repair Pastorius recorded a session with Mike Stern, then the bass was stolen from
a park bench in Manhattan in 1986. It was found in a guitar shop in 2006, but the shop owner refused to give
it up. The Pastorius family enlisted lawyers to help but nearly went bankrupt in 2010. Robert Trujillo, bass
guitarist for Metallica, considered Jaco Pastorius to be one of his heroes, and he felt that the family ought to
have the bass. Trujillo helped pay to have it returned to them.[26][27]

Fender began offering a fretless version of their standard Jazz Bass in the mid 1980s, and in 1999 began
offering the "Fender Jaco Pastorius Jazz Bass" in their Artist series, and Custom Shop series. These
instruments were modelled on the Bass of Doom, with the Custom Shop version featuring a fretboard sealed
with epoxy resin.[28] In the 2000s Fender's budget brand Squier offered the "Squier Vintage Modified
Fretless Jazz Bass" which was also reminiscent of Jaco's instrument.[29]

Amplification and effects

Pastorius used the "Variamp" EQ (equalization) controls on his two Acoustic 360 amplifiers[30] (made by
the Acoustic Control Corporation of Van Nuys, California) to boost the midrange frequencies, thus
accentuating the natural growling tone of his fretless passive Fender Jazz Bass and roundwound string
combination. He also controlled his tone color with a rackmount MXR digital delay unit that fed a second
Acoustic amp rig.

During the final three years of his life he used Hartke cabinets because of the character of aluminum speaker
cones (as opposed to paper speaker cones). These provided a bright, clear sound. He typically used the delay
in a chorus-like mode, providing a shimmering stereo doubling effect. He often used the fuzz control built
into the Acoustic 360. For the bass solo "Slang/Third Stone From the Sun" on Weather Report's live album
8:30 (1979), Pastorius used the MXR digital delay to layer and loop a chordal figure and then soloed over it;
the same technique, with a looped bass riff, can be heard during his solo on the Joni Mitchell concert video
Shadows and Light.

Guest appearances
Pastorius appeared as a guest on many albums by other artists, including Ian Hunter of Mott the Hoople, on
All American Alien Boy in 1976. He can be heard on Airto Moreira's album I'm Fine, How Are You? (1977).
His signature sound is prominent on Flora Purim's Everyday Everynight (1978), on which he played the bass
melody for a Michel Colombier composition entitled "The Hope", and performed bass and vocals on one of
his own compositions, entitled "Las Olas". Other recordings included Joni Mitchell's Hejira and Al Di
Meola’s Land of the Midnight Sun, both released in 1976. Near the end of his career, he worked often with
guitarist Mike Stern, guitarist Biréli Lagrène, and drummer Brian Melvin.
Awards and honors
Pastorius received two Grammy Award nominations in 1977 for his self-titled debut album: one for Best
Jazz Performance by a Group and one for Best Jazz Performance by a Soloist ("Donna Lee").[31] In 1978, he
received a Grammy nomination for Best Jazz Performance by a Soloist for his work on Weather Report's
album Heavy Weather.[32]

Bass Player magazine gave him second place on a list of the one hundred greatest bass players of all time,
behind James Jamerson.[33] After his death in 1987, he was voted, by readers of Down Beat magazine, to its
Hall of Fame, joining bassists Jimmy Blanton, Ray Brown, Ron Carter, Charles Mingus, Charlie Haden, and
Milt Hinton.[34]

Many musicians have composed songs in his honour, such as Pat Metheny's "Jaco" on the album Pat
Metheny Group (1978)[35] and "Mr. Pastorius" by Marcus Miller on Miles Davis's album Amandla. Others
who have dedicated compositions to him include Randy Brecker, Eliane Elias, Chuck Loeb, John
McLaughlin, Bob Moses, Ana Popović, Dave Samuels, and the Yellowjackets.[5]

On December 2, 2007, the day after his birthday, a concert called "20th Anniversary Tribute to Jaco
Pastorius" was held at Broward Center for the Performing Arts in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, with
performances by the Jaco Pastorius Big Band and appearances by Randy Brecker, Dave Bargeron, Peter
Erskine, Jimmy Haslip, Bob Mintzer, Gerald Veasley, Pastorius's sons John and Julius Pastorius, Pastorius's
daughter Mary Pastorius, Ira Sullivan, Bobby Thomas Jr., and Dana Paul. Almost twenty years after his
death, Fender released the Jaco Pastorius Jazz Bass, a fretless instrument in its Artist Series.

He has been called "arguably the most important and ground-breaking electric bassist in history" and
"perhaps the most influential electric bassist today".[36][37]

William C. Banfield, director of Africana Studies, Music and Society at Berklee College, described
Pastorius as one of the few original American virtuosos who defined a musical movement, in addition to
Jimi Hendrix, Louis Armstrong, Thelonious Monk, Charlie Christian, Bud Powell, Charlie Parker, Dizzy
Gillespie, John Coltrane, Sarah Vaughan, Bill Evans, Charles Mingus and Wes Montgomery.[38]

Discography

See also
Jaco, a 2014 documentary
List of jazz bassists

Notes
1. Harrison, Angus (March 6, 2015). "Jaco Pastorius Is the Most Important Musician You Might
Have Never Heard Of | NOISEY" (http://noisey.vice.com/en_uk/blog/jaco-pastorius-is-the-most
-important-musician-youve-never-heard-of). Noisey.vice.com. Retrieved January 14, 2016.
2. "DownBeat Archives" (http://downbeat.com/archives/detail/downbeat-hall-of-fame).
downbeat.com. Retrieved September 22, 2018.
3. "Readers Poll: Top 10 Bassists of All Time" (https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-lists/rolli
ng-stone-readers-pick-the-top-ten-bassists-of-all-time-10325/6-john-paul-jones-103049/).
Rolling Stone. March 31, 2011. Retrieved September 22, 2018.
 4. Johnson, David. "The Greatest Bass Player In The World: Jaco Pastorius" (https://indianapubli
cmedia.org/nightlights/greatest-bass-player-world-jaco-pastorius/). Indianapublicmedia.org.
Retrieved March 30, 2019.
5. Milkowski, Bill (1995). Jaco: The Extraordinary and Tragic Life of Jaco Pastorius, "The World's
Greatest Bass Player". San Francisco: Miller Freeman. ISBN 0-87930-361-1.
6. Bob Bobbing (2007), Jaco and the upright bass; Jaco Pastorius official website biography
7. "Jaco Pastorius Opens Up in His First Guitar World Interview From 1983" (http://www.guitarwor
ld.com/jaco-pastorius-opens-his-first-guitar-world-interview-1983). Guitar World. August 28,
2013. Retrieved May 31, 2017.
8. Yanow, Scott. "Jaco" (http://www.allmusic.com/album/jaco-mw0000759043). AllMusic.
Retrieved May 31, 2017.
9. Ginell, Richard S. "Bright Size Life" (http://www.allmusic.com/album/bright-size-life-mw000018
8524). AllMusic. Retrieved May 31, 2017.
10. "Jaco Pastorius Credits" (http://www.allmusic.com/album/jaco-pastorius-mw0000188533/credit
s). AllMusic. Retrieved May 31, 2017.
11. Trjullo, Robert (Producer) (2015). Jaco (DVD). Los Angeles: Slang East/West.
12. Tom Moon 1987
13. Yanow, Scott. "Word of Mouth" (http://www.allmusic.com/album/word-of-mouth-mw000019769
5). AllMusic. Retrieved June 1, 2017.
14. " 'Jaco,' a Documentary About the Jazz Musician Jaco Pastorius" (https://www.nytimes.com/20
15/11/28/arts/music/review-jaco-a-documentary-about-the-jazz-musician-jaco-pastorius.html).
Nytimes.com. Retrieved September 22, 2018.
15. "Metallica's Robert Trujillo On His Hero, Jaco Pastorius" (https://www.npr.org/2015/11/28/4573
84082/metallicas-robert-trujillo-on-his-hero-jaco-pastorius). Npr.org. Retrieved September 22,
2018.
16. Milkowski 2005
17. Grayson, 2003
18. Stanton, Scott (2003). The Tombstone Tourist (https://archive.org/details/tombstonetourist00st
an_0) (2nd ed.). New York: Pocket Books. ISBN 0-7434-6330-7.
19. Stratton, Jeff (November 30, 2006). "Jaco Incorporated" (http://www.browardpalmbeach.com/n
ews/jaco-incorporated-6343952). New Times Broward-Palm Beach. Retrieved July 19, 2011.
20. Krause, Renee (September 16, 1987). "Noted Musician Listed As Critical After Altercation" (htt
p://articles.sun-sentinel.com/1987-09-16/news/8703140076_1_jaco-pastorius-police-
probation). Sun Sentinel. Retrieved February 15, 2014.
21. Zimmerman, Lee (December 1, 2011). "Happy Birthday, Jaco Pastorius!" (http://www.browardp
almbeach.com/music/happy-birthday-jaco-pastorius-6429418). New Times Broward-Palm
Beach. Retrieved June 12, 2017.
22. Stix, John (2000). Bass Secrets: Where Today's Bass Stylists Get to the Bottom Line (https://b
ooks.google.com/books?id=0V1dT3Q4u3AC&pg=PA46). Cherry Lane Music Company.
pp. 46–. ISBN 978-1-57560-219-6. Retrieved June 26, 2017.
23. "The Life of Jaco" (http://jacopastorius.com/life/). jacopastorius.com. Retrieved June 20, 2017.
24. Duffy, Mike (June 21, 2010). "Metallica's Trujillo Rescues Jaco Pastorius' Bass of Doom" (htt
p://www2.fender.com/experience/artists/metallicas-trujillo-rescues-jaco-pastorius-bass-of-doo
m/). Fender News. Retrieved June 20, 2017.
25. "Remembering Jaco Pastorius: A Tribute to His Favorite Gear" (https://reverb.com/au/news/re
membering-jaco-pastorius-a-tribute-to-his-favorite-gear). reverb.com. Retrieved May 24, 2018.
26. Johnson, Kevin (May 31, 2010). "Robert Trujillo Helps Pastorius Family Reclaim Jaco's "Bass
of Doom" " (http://www.notreble.com/buzz/2010/05/31/robert-trujillo-helps-pastorius-family-recl
aim-jacos-bass-of-doom/). No Treble. Retrieved June 11, 2017.
27. Bradman, E.E. (January 15, 2016). "Jaco! The Story Behind Robert Trujillo's Intense New
Documentary" (http://www.bassplayer.com/artists/1171/jaco-the-story-behind-robert-trujillos-int
ense-new-documentary/56024). BassPlayer.com. Retrieved June 11, 2017.
28. Bacon, Tony; Moorhouse, Barry. (2008). The bass book: a complete illustrated history of bass
guitars. Hal Leonard Corporation, second edition. p. 101-103. ISBN 0-87930-924-5
29. "Squier Vintage Modified Fretless Jazz User Reviews | zZounds" (https://www.zzounds.com/pr
oductreview--SQU326608). Zzounds.com. Retrieved October 4, 2019.
30. "Acoustic 360 amplifiers" (https://web.archive.org/web/20110723144727/http://acoustic.homeu
nix.net/twiki/bin/view/Acoustic/BassPreamp360). Acoustic.homeunix.net. Archived from the
original (http://acoustic.homeunix.net/twiki/bin/view/Acoustic/BassPreamp360) on July 23,
2011. Retrieved July 19, 2011.
31. "Grammy Awards 1977" (http://www.awardsandshows.com/features/grammy-awards-1977-22
5.html), Awards and Shows, retrieved July 1, 2013
32. "Grammy Awards 1978" (http://www.awardsandshows.com/features/grammy-awards-1978-22
6.html), Awards and Shows, retrieved July 1, 2013
33. "The 100 Greatest Bass Players of All Time" (http://www.bassplayer.com/artists/1171/the-100-
greatest-bass-players-of-all-time/61989). BassPlayer.com. February 24, 2017. Retrieved
June 11, 2017.
34. "DownBeat Hall of Fame" (http://www.downbeat.com/default.asp?sect=stories&subsect=story_
detail&sid=1020), DownBeat, retrieved July 1, 2013
35. Metheny, Pat (2000). Pat Metheny Song Book (Songbook ed.). Milwaukee, WI: Hal Leonard
Corp. p. 439. ISBN 0-634-00796-3.
36. Belew, Adrian; Di Meloa, Al; Fripp, Robert; McLaughlin, John (1986). Casabona, Helen (ed.).
New directions in modern guitar. Milwaukee, WI: Hal Leonard. ISBN 0881884235.
37. Starr, Eric; Starr, Nelson (2008). Everything Bass Guitar Book. Holbrook, MA: F+W Media.
ISBN 9781605502014.
38. Banfield, William C. (2010). Cultural codes : Makings of a Black Music Philosophy. Lanham:
Scarecrow Press. p. 161. ISBN 9780810872868.

References
"Jacopastorius.co.uk" (https://web.archive.org/web/20080118070458/http://www.jacopastorius.
co.uk/index2.html). Jacopastorius.co.uk. Archived from the original (http://www.jacopastorius.c
o.uk/index2.html) on January 18, 2008. Retrieved June 27, 2007.
"Jaco Pastorius: 20 Years Later" (https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=14578
299&sc=nl&cc=mn-20071007). NPR. Retrieved March 4, 2008.
United Press (September 22, 1987). "Jazz Musician Jaco Pastorius Dies" (http://jonimitchell.co
m/library/view.cfm?id=1094). JoniMitchell.com. Retrieved June 4, 2009.
Moon, Tom (September 20, 1987). "Dark Days for a Jazz Genius" (http://jonimitchell.com/librar
y/view.cfm?id=924). Miami Herald. JoniMitchell.com. Retrieved June 4, 2009.
Cole, George (2005). The Last Miles: The Music of Miles Davis, 1980–1991 (https://books.goo
gle.com/books?id=H5r-mzXMJfEC). Michigan: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 978-0-472-
03260-0.
Currin, Grayson (August 6, 2003). "Continuum" (http://www.indyweek.com/gyrobase/Content?o
id=oid%3A19967). IndyWeek.com. Retrieved June 3, 2009.
Metheny, Pat (2000). "The Life and Music of Jaco Pastorious" (https://web.archive.org/web/200
90305053221/http://www.jacopastorius.com/biography/life.asp). Liner Notes to Jaco's
eponymous debut album. Archived from the original (http://www.jacopastorius.com/biography/li
fe.asp) on March 5, 2009. Retrieved May 23, 2009.
 Miller, Marcus (2002). "Perspectives on Jaco" (https://web.archive.org/web/20090305053240/h
ttp://www.jacopastorius.com/features/guestartists/marcusmiller.asp). JacoPastorius.com.
Archived from the original (http://www.jacopastorius.com/features/guestartists/marcusmiller.as
p) on March 5, 2009. Retrieved June 19, 2009.
Milkowsi, Bill (1984). "Bass Revolutionary: Jaco Pastorius Interview". Guitar Player (August
1984).
Prasad, Anil (1997). "Joe Zawinul, Man of the people" (https://web.archive.org/web/200906151
71022/http://www.innerviews.org/inner/zawinul.html). Innerviews. Archived from the original (htt
p://www.innerviews.org/inner/zawinul.html) on June 15, 2009. Retrieved June 11, 2009.
Rosen, Steve (1978). "Portrait of Jaco" (https://web.archive.org/web/20090923185540/http://w
ww.jacopastorius.com/features/interviews/portrait.asp). JacoPastorius.com. Archived from the
original (http://www.jacopastorius.com/features/interviews/portrait.asp) on September 23,
2009. Retrieved June 12, 2009.
Salloum, I.M.; Thase, M.E. (2000). "Impact of substance abuse on the course and treatment of
bipolar disorder". Bipolar Disorders. 2 (3 Pt 2): 269–80. doi:10.1034/j.1399-5618.2000.20308.x
(https://doi.org/10.1034%2Fj.1399-5618.2000.20308.x). PMID 11249805 (https://pubmed.ncbi.
nlm.nih.gov/11249805).

External links
Jaco Pastorius (http://www.jacopastorius.com) – official site
Jaco Pastorius (https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/1995) at Find a Grave
Pastorius (https://web.archive.org/web/20070706133936/http://www.jacop.net/HomePage0.ht
ml) family site
Jaco Pastorius 1978 radio interview (http://www.ricksuchow.com/music-15.html)

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jaco_Pastorius&oldid=951964088"

This page was last edited on 19 April 2020, at 21:24 (UTC).

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this
site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia
Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.