Introduction

A depressive disorder is an illness that involves the body, mood, and thoughts. It
interferes with daily life, normal functioning, and causes pain for both the person
with the disorder and those who care about him or her.

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Short Introduction

ASD is a X-year old male who sought management of insomnia ___

He was initially managed at CESH, 4ID prior to evacuation to DMHBS, AFPHSC for
further evaluation and management.

Although he was classified as Battle Casualty patient, he was admitted as a case

of Major Depressive Disorder.

Major Depressive Disorder

Depression, even the most severe cases, can be treated. The earlier that
treatment can begin, the more effective it is. Depression is usually treated
with medications, psychotherapy, or a combination of the two. If these treatments
do not reduce symptoms, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and other brain
stimulation therapies may be options to explore.

Depression can happen at any age, but often begins in adulthood. Depression is
now recognized as occurring in children and adolescents, although it sometimes
presents with more prominent irritability than low mood. Many chronic mood and
anxiety disorders in adults begin as high levels of anxiety in children.

Depression is a disorder of the brain that goes beyond feeling sad or fatigued for
a few days. Depression is a persistent condition that lasts for weeks or months at a
time and interferes with a person’s ability to function in daily life. It has a number of
causes, including genetics and neurochemical imbalances as well as environmental,
psychological, and social factors.

Statistics

<Mood Disorders in the Philippines>

<MDD cases in the Philippines> <Male vs Female> <Age Group>
<DMHBS Battle Casualty Patients case distribution as of December 2017>

Major Depressive Disorder in Philippines by Sex

Over a Lifetime

For men, the health burden of major depressive disorder in Philippines,

as measured in years of healthy life lost per 100,000 men, peaks at age
40-44. It harms men at the lowest rate at age 1-4.

Women are harmed at the highest rate from major depressive disorder
in Philippines at age 40-44. It was least harmful to women at age 1-4. At
972.8 years of healthy life lost per 100,000 women in 2013, the peak
rate for women was higher than that of men, which was 423.6 per
100,000 men.

Reason for Choosing the Case

With the resulting increase in the number Battle Casualty patients from Marawi
Siege, a lot of focus was directed on Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. There are,
however, other Mental Health Disorders which may arise from exposure to armed
conflict.

Unless a health care provider or a clinician is skilled in Mental Health

management, it is so easy to mistake Depression with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
(PTSD).

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a Mood Disorder that causes a persistent

feeling of sadness and loss of interest. It is a condition which may require long-term
treatment.

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is an Anxiety Disorder. It usually happens

after exposure to a life-threatening event or a long-lasting trauma, like sexual
assault, domestic violence, or child abuse.

Both Mental Health Disorders present similar features or symptoms, like

trouble sleeping (insomnia) or focusing, irritability (emotional lability), loss of
interest in people and things, and/or emotional detachment from other people.

This study aims to focus on one of the generally overlooked Mental Health
Disorders related to exposure to armed conflict, specifically Major Depressive
Disorder.

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

General Objective:

To conduct a comprehensive case study of a patient with Major Depressive

Disorder, in order to obtain knowledge, further enhance skills, and develop the right
attitude in managing clients with such conditions.

Specific Objectives:
1. To obtain knowledge on treatment options for MDD.
2. Skills
3. Attitude

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

A comprehensive understanding of MDD is instrumental in helping clients with

such conditions. A health care provider or a clinician who is well equipped with
knowledge and skills on the management of such conditions …

SCOPE AND DELIMITATION OF THE STUDY

This is a study of a male patient diagnosed with Major Depressive Disorder only.
This is a study of a Battle Casualty Patient from Marawi Siege only.

1. This study will not cover other forms or types of Depressive Disorders.
2. This study will not cover Depression in females or elderlies.
3. This study will not cover other Mental Health Disorders which may arise from
exposure to armed conflict.
DEFINITION OF TERMS

DMHBS - Department of Mental Health and Behavioral Science. Formerly known as

Neuro-Psychiatry Section.

DSM-5 - Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5 th ed. A

comprehensive classification of officially recognized psychiatric disorders, published
by the American Psychiatric Association, for use by mental health professionals to
ensure uniformity of diagnosis. DSM describes symptoms and does not discuss the
causes of the disorders.

MDD - Major Depressive Disorder. (refer to Introduction for definition)

PTSD - Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. (refer to Introduction for definition)

https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/depression/symptoms-causes/syc-
20356007