2esuevoviy :020d VEUTSCHE NORM Novembe. 1990 Ground anchorages Design, construction and testing \Verpretanker; Kurzzetarker und Daueranker; Semessung, AusfUnrung und Prifang ‘Supersedes OIN 4125 Part 1, ‘March 1988 ecition and OIN 4125 Part 2, February 1976 eaiton. In keoping wtn current practice in standsrde published bythe Inteational Organization for Standardization (SO), acommahos been used ttvoughout as the decimal marker. ‘The design, constuction and testing of ground anchorages require sound knowledge and experience inthis mathod of con= struction. For this reason, ony companies and engineers shall be entrusted with the work who meet these requirements and ‘ {are capable of ensuring expert execution, Only such persons as possess a thorough knowledge of the construction method ‘all be eppcinted as the responsible resident engineer. Superson af the work shal be undertaken only by rig foremen, ste foramen or gangers who have aieady successtuly constructed ground ancnorages, ‘Sutficant time shall be scheduled forthe construction of ground anchorages Inthi standard, the term Toad is used for forces acting on a system from outside: this applies equal to compound terms that Include the component Toad Contents Field of application, Concepts Designation Documentation General requirements Detailing Construction Design analysis Proving test ‘On-site suitability testing 1 Field of application ‘iis standard deais with the design, construction ond testing of prestressable ground anchorage systems which, depend ing on thei design, can be used fr the temporary or perma- ont anchorage of stuctra elements i so (04 anchorages) (Frock (rock anchorages) and of rock outcrops in soi. I the case of temporary anchorages, this standard covers those which are designed fo a pecmisibie anchorage force (211900 kN (or mult-unt ansnorages or mult-oar tendons) oF TODKN (for single unit anchorages or monabar tendons), these valvesincluding afactorof safety as spectiedi table, ‘columa 4, ine 1 of the standard. ‘See DIN 21 52 Part for rock bole for use in mining and tu neling, and DIN 4128 for eastn-place ples SE ace 41 Acceptance testing : 8 12. Evaluation of sultabilty tests ‘and expression of results 1“ 13. Inservice tests 1“ 14 Inspection 16 ‘Appendix A Specimen record form for the construct tion of ground anchorages in accord ance with subciause 7. of DIN 4125 Specimen record form for the acceptance Inspection of permanent anchorages in| ‘accordance with clause ff of DIN 4125. 18 ra Appencix B ote. For those types or components of tempor ‘ages that cannot be ascessed on the bass of this ‘Stendard, proof of their sutabilly for the particular ‘apptcation shal be provided in accordance withthe bulcing regulations, e.g. by submitng a certificate of builoing Inspectorate approval (egrement)) Peemanant anchorages always require verification of ‘ete sultabity 1) Relevant information is provided by the institut fur Baur fechnik (institute of Bulding Technology), Reicnpietson- ter 74-78, 0-1000 Berin 20. Continued on pages 2 to 25 DN aTaS Engh Price group'sPage 2 ON 4125 2 Concepts 24 Types 244 Ground anchorage Ground anchorageisa structural element formed injecting grouting material around the asta section ofa ste! tendon inserted into the ground. The grout thus formed is bonded to the element or rock to be anchored va the tendon and the ‘anchor head. Unlike various other types of rock bolt or cast- ‘mrplace piles, these anchorages arent designed to transmit the load Into the ground over thalrwhote length butonly inthe zone of grout (10. the fixed anchor length). Since, under se- ‘ice conditions, ground ancharages are only subject to ten- sileloading, ther besring capactyis checked by tensile tests, 212 Soll anchora ‘Sollanchorage sa ground anchorage the fixed anchor length {also termed oad transterlangin) of which lee in (cohesion: {2s or cohesive) sol 243. Rock anchorage Rock anchorage is a ground anchorage the fixed anchor fenath of which les in rock. 2.44 Temporary anchorage ‘Temporary anchorage aground anchorage that is intended to be used for short periods only, which normally do not ‘exceed two years. 215. Permanent anchorage Permanent anchorage is a ground anchorage intended for permanent Us 21.8 Composite anchorage Composite anchorage (c.tguro 1) i a ground anchorage ‘where the load Is transmitted drecty ito the arout ia Ne tendon (Le. over the fixed anchor length). 21.7 Compression anchorage ‘Compression anchorage (ct. igure 2) ground anchorage were the load is tansterred fem the tendon tothe grout via 2 steel tube connected tothe distal endof the tendon, wich in turn is embedded in the grout 2.1.8 Anchorage with tree proximal end Ananchorage with fee proximalendis ananchorage inwhich the axial movement of the tendon i maintained over Mo cesian service ite 2.49 Anchorage with fhted proximal ond ‘Ananchorage with fixed proximal endis an anchorage where the proximal end of the tendon ie embedded i secondary ‘ut, £0 that the tendon is no longer tree to expend, 22. Lengthe 2241 Anchor length The anchor length, fy is the distance between the anchor head and the cistal end of the anchor 22.2 Froe anchor length ‘The free anchor length, ly, is the distance between the ‘anchor head and the proximal ond of the grout, 2.2.3 Fixed anchor length The fxed anchor iengt (algo termed bond tanster length), {.Jsthe length of re anchorage over which the tensile loads capable of being transmitted fo the surrounding ground 22.4 Free tendon tength The ree tendon length isthe part ofthe tendon which, by being decoupled trom the grout, is free to expand during stressing. The free tendon length as determined by calcula ing the clsplacement canbe larger or emailer than Iie. sub- clause 124. 22.5. Tendon bond tength ‘The tendon bond length, the length of tendon bonded ta ‘he groutand capable of ransmiting the applied tensleload, 226 Compression length ‘The compression length, ip, in the case of compression anchorages, isthe length of the steel tube via which the applied tensile load is tranamittad to the grout. 22.7 Grout length ‘The groutlength ox inthe case of compression anchorages, isthe length of grout capable of transmitting the appted ten: se load into the surrounding ground. 2.28 Load transfer factor ‘Theload transter factor, lyn isthe diference between lp andl, olor 23 Anchorage loads 2341 Umit load in grout “Thelimitioadin grout, Fs theload which inthe tensile test, produces a creep displacement, ky of 2mm. 23.2. Limit load in tendon The limit loadin tendon, Fs i¢ the load which ie calculated from the nominal ols polt of the steel, fa, trom which the tendon je mage, and the tendon cross-sectional area, As Using the folowing equation: Fen As-Bs o 23.3. Permissible anchorage load The permissible anchorage load, zul Fie the load that derives ‘tom Fc and Fe. taking into account the required factors of safely (sve subciauses 63 and 8). 23.4 Sate working load ‘The safe working load, Fy, isan anchorage load determined ‘on the basis of tho ioag cases stes In DIN 1064, taking into account the prestresstobe appied (ct Recommendations of ‘Committee Eaugruben ofthe Deutsche Gesellschaft fr Ed Und Grundbau ev. (German Society for Earthworks and Four: dation Engineering). 28 Proof load The proat load, Fs the load to which the anchorage, when tested, is subjected in given stages 2.3.8 Working oad ‘The working lose, Fo, I6 the load applied to the anchorage aftr testing, where Fy does not exceed Fy (2).O1N 4125 Page 9 On oll 6 u } oO, Fe 1. Temporary conoste anchorage wih dagranmate Key to foes tan 2 i ‘spresniatn 0 conononpotecton yao iiaiwariaat 2 Sepper pen 3 etn wa : 4 Soros | 3 Shean i & Tensen * Gout 8 Archer fot 1 2 Sonaus {| 10 Spacer to fomed cenaer) ‘ 11 Corrosion-protective sheathing ; 3 12 Seu 3 ow j 1k. thor tongn {3 Compre enh , 1B, grou erp 1 ee ance ergs 8 1 fred acter su I tea tonon ge 1S tau tanto asor 2 tendon bord enh | Figure 2. Temporary compression anchorage with diagrammatic ‘presentation of corrosion protection systemPage 4 DIN 4125 2.4 Creep displacement ‘The creep cleplacement. kis a measure of the rate of Increase in displacement of the grout with the anchorage under constant load. This fs expressed by (et houte 4) ym (52 — sig (alt) ® 4275) is the ditferentialcisplacernent 'g (ah) Ts the logarithm of the observation period (lg ~f) ‘Note. fis a quantity that i a function ofthe type of anchor- ‘age. the method of construction and the anchorage load 2.5 Anchorage tests 25: Proving teat ‘A proving test, pertormed on permanent anchorages, is intended overly the suitability of aparicuar type of anchor ‘ge for instalation in a particular type ot sail (cohesive oF ‘cohesiontess) or rock (f. clause §). 25.2 Onsito sultabity test ‘An on-site suitability tests atest intended to check whether ‘the particular type of anchorage's capable cf transiting the {design working load and proatead othe surrounding ground under the given focal concitions (of clause 10), It algo serves ‘to verity the bearing capacity ofthe grout and the associated isplacement, and to establish tho free tendon length by cal culation, 253 Acceptance test2) ‘An acceptance testis intended to verity the bearing capacity fof an anchorage after installation (et. lause 11). 254 twservice test ‘Anin-servies testis intended to check the performance ofthe anchored structural element or the beating capacity of the anchorage after acceptance testing (et clause 13). 3 Designation ‘A temporary single-unit sol (B) anchorage (TE) rated for a Permissibie anchorage load, eu! F= Fy/75, of 600 KN (oad ase 9), shall Be designated! Ground anchorage DIN 4125 — T £ 600 — B Name J DIN number Type: temporary (Dy ermanent P) ‘mult-bar (M} tendon =| ‘Anchorage toad rating, in kN “Type of ground: cit (rock F) ‘mono-bar (EY 4 Documentation ‘The folowing documentation is required 4) records of sallinvestigations as specie in DIN 4020 and root of the required geotechnical properties of the ground surrounding the anchorage, with information on the groundwater, its agaressiity ang that ofthe sol both to concrete and steel ) description ang representation of the construction ‘schedule and ofthe work mvolved: ©) descrition and drawings othe anchorage, with details of ‘he materials, dimensions. and, where required. proof ot serviceailty of the anchor head and of the joints in the tencion (eg. by submiting an agedment)); results of suitability testing ) structural analysis and working drawings, Inthe case of permanent anchorages, besides the construc: tion schedule (cf. item )} instructions shall be provided Covering thet transpor, storage and installation, with due Consideration being given to corresion protection and taking into-account the experience madeinsutabity testing. These Instructions shall be made avaiable tothe personnel on ste ' problems arise wih regard to the classification of the ‘r0und in which the anchorage sto be installed ag sol or 08 ‘rock an expert In soil mechanics shall be consulted 5 General requirements 5.1 Requirements to be met by the ground 544 Strength of ground Unvestigations of the properties of sci! and rock forthe pur- ‘Base of instling enchorages shat in adaition to tumshing root of the general suitably of he ground to accommodate the relevant anchorage toads, prove information on the ‘reep and the swoling properties of the ground, shoud the water conditions change, with due gonsideration being gien to the likely tresses both inthe ity transfer zone and the anchored zone ‘The results of these investigations shat be evalusted with ‘regard to the serviceabity ofthe anchorage over the fixed anchor length, the ree anchor length and at the anchor Need 542. Jointing in and permesbilty of rock ‘Special investigations are required to check the jointing fa ang permeabilly cf rock, such as optical borehole logging, ‘observation of he grout evel, anc water pumping tests Rook shall be as impermeable as Is necessary for satisfactory Grouting. The rock may, where necessary, be stabilzed by appropriate measures (eg, by grouting as specified in DIN £099) tthe joint with is equal to 05mm or more or a Water crain-off rate along the design fixed anchor length \which exceeds $U(min- bar) has been established in 2 water pumping test ‘The fixed anchor lengh shall e ln reek zones where shitting of joints is unlikely. i shall be eneured that in the zone de fined by the tree anchor length any shifting a ointsrormalto the shaft acsles within the scope of transverse movement of the anchorage, 513. Ground aggressivty Permanent anchorages the loadbearing steal components of hich are protected against corrosion solely by the grout cover, and temporary anchorages shall nat be installed te ‘round contains groundwater or seepage water from cups. ‘oF cezosits which involves a high risk of piting corrosion of stee| as described in able 7 of DIN50 620 Pan 3, September 1985 eaition, where wo is lose than ~ 8. For 9, see page 1 2) Reveptance testing does aot constitute inspection as, etined in DIN 1967, but is a purely technical acceptance testFurther, temporary and permanent anchorages are genecaly fot to be used i the ground or water in the zone defined by the fixed anchor length is highly aggressive to concrete (as Gelined in OIN 4030), This also applies where permanent ‘anchorages are tobe installed in soi Ifthe ground or waters classed a8 slightly aggressive onthe basi ofthe aulfate com {ent only, temporary anchorages (and permanent anchor: ages in the case of ow aggressinty) may be used provided ‘that sulfate-resisting cement is used for grout preparation, In rock, temporary anchorages may alsa be used unde highly aggressive conditions, but if classification of the rock as sightiy or highly aggressive is based primary on the sulfate content, a sulfateressting cement shal loo be used. 1m highty aggressive rock, permanent anchorages may be insalieg ian adequate bearing capacity af the anchorage is ensured (e.g. by grouting the borehole in accordance with DIN 4085, thus preventing the grout being exposed to aggros: sive water). 52. Stray currents ” Tendons shall be protected against stray currents in the ‘Ground (ct DIN 50 900 Part 2), 5.3 Dynamic effects To allow for any adverse ettects of road or ral traffic on the bearing capacity of ground anchorages, the minimum dis: tance between the groutand waticareas ahallbe 4 m. Where other dynamic effects are present. pertinent investigations shall be made, 54 Arrangement of ancillary anchorages Since, generaly, only a cough estimate can be made of the ‘probable hmitioad inthe grout, the ground anchorages shall ‘be so located that ancilary anchors can be fitted, unless the ‘same aim can be achieved by other means. 6 Detaiting 6.1 Maintenance of safe working load {tthe anchorage loads to change as ttle as possible afterthe anchorage has been installed (eg. destressing due to pulsat- ing stress or rock deformation), an anchorage with adequats lastiy shal be used or provision shall be made for adjust billy of the tendon at the anchor head. 62. Transverse movement of the anchorage over the free anchor length "transverse movementin the rockin the zone defined by the free ancher length isto be expected, the annular space be- tween sheath and borehole wal ehallbe kept ree of grout oF Cleared iter grouting, oF transverse movement of the anchorage shall be a design feature, 63 Anchor head The anchor head shall be designed so as not to induce Secondary stresses in the tendon. Wedges (or sphorcal washers) should be fited between anenor head and suppor plinth, unless the anchor head permits compensation tor Angular deviations of the tendon trom the exal postion, AA check shall be made whether, in addition to protection ‘against corrosion, anchor heads should be given mechanical protection Proot of the sultabity of te anchor head design shall be pro- vided (e.. by submitting an agrément)). The anchor head sign for permanent anchorages. shall permit In-service tests tobe made aslong as such tests are required (et. clauso 3) DWN 4125 Page s 64 Tendon For temporary anchorages, the total cross-sectional area of ‘he tendon shall be atleast 180 mm? the diameter of an inc. ‘vidual bar in mult-ctrand tendons not exceeding 20 am Prestressed or reinforcing steel thathas been ssveganageé ‘ment, cenforcing steel as speciied in OIN 488 Part for it 17100 structural steel shall be used for tendons In the zone dotined by the bond length, tendons shall have ‘bonding characteristics similar to those ofribbedprostrecosd OF reinforcing steel, use of prestressed wire strands with a Rominal cross-sectional area of 140 mn? being, However, permitted. Tubes for compression anchorages, shal! nave fequivalnt bonding characteristics, 65 Joints in tendon ‘Tendons may have joints except within the fixed anchor length and the serviceability of any couplers shall be vetfied, 26, by submitting an agrément Tendon elarients shall only be joined outside ofthe borehole. 8.6 Corrosion protection 61 General 68:4 Tendon ‘The tendon shail be given adequate corrosion protection hich shallremein ettective throughout he designservce ite of the anchorage. The etfectiveness of the protection shall not be impaired during storage, tranepor., installation and stressing ofthe anchorage. The stoe shal not suffer mecha ‘cal damage when the plastic sheathing is removed In the zone defined by the tree tendon length, the corrosion Brotection shall not affect the freedom of the tendon to ‘expand. Before the corrosion protection is applied, any substances (0.9. dir grease, ie oricose rust particles) likely toimpair the ‘servcaaaiity of the tendon (eg. bond or corrosion resist ‘ance) shall Be removed from is surtace, Brectressing ste! tendons shall not develop more than rust ‘bioom upto the time the anchorage is inataiea Prestressing steel and preassembled anchorages shall be stored ina dy place. "Note. Rust bloom is detined a a uniform layer of ust without wide pitting, vsile to the naked eye and removable by wiping with & dry cloth (cf eubclause 65 of DIN 4227 Part 1, duly 1988 ection) 6.6.1.2. Joints in tencon The corrosion protective system applied tothe cit assembly shall be at least equivalent to that genta the ree tendon Jength and shal not hinder deformation of te tendon, 8.6.13 Anchor head ‘The anchor head shail be protected against corrosion. The Corrosion protection between anchor head andthe proxi end of the plastic sheathing inthe Zone defined by the fr tenon tength shall inclige the seal atthe proximal end If anchorages require restressing of inspection during the ser vice, care shall be taken to ensure that regrouting at the anchor head is possible, For *), see page 1Pages OWN 4125 0.2. Corrosion protection of temporary anchorages 88.21 Protection of tendon bond length In the zone defined by the bond tength, the tendon shai be ‘embedded in alayor, not lass than 20 mm thik, of cement- tious grout, a minimum layer thickness of 10 mm being fo uired in the caso of compression anchorages. This recuire- ‘ent shall be met by using spacers, checking tendons for Compliance in each case (ct, Explanatory notes) As a rule, ‘spacers shall be provided at maximum intervals of tr, larger intervals Being permitted i adequacy of the resulting grout layer can be vertied. Spacers shal be rgily bonded to the tendon, their effectiveness not being impaired when the {endonis civen home. tendons ae intended tobe inserted into unlined boreholes (ef. subclause 71), the spacers shallbe ‘designed to prevent sol being ineluded when the anchorage 'sinstalog. Spacers may bs dlsponsad with in the case of cohesionloss Soli the wall thickness of he entry casing at the nib pointsis ‘ot less than 20mm and a minimum injocton pressure of 5 bar is used. Any extruded or heat shrinkable plastic tubiog and any coat- ing shall be removed from the tendon in the zone defined by the anchorlength without this eausing demage to the tendon In the case of rock anchorages, the grout caver inthe zone efined by the bond length may be reduced to 10 mm prot vided that no water i presantin this zone throughout the ser~ vice feof the anchorage and provided that righ spacers aro sea. 68.22 Free tendon length free tendon length shallbe protectedinone ofthe folow- ing ways @) The tendon shall be onciosed by a plastic sheath with a wallthickness of ot less than 2 mm, made of PVC-U.s in DIN 7748 Parts, PE as in DIN 16776 Part 1 o° PP a In ‘DIN 16774 art. The sheath shallbe designed to prevent the ingress of water into the annular space between ‘sheath and tendon. The sheath shal be firmly bonded to the tendon, Where a plug is used asthe seat it shall be both resistant towater and be watertight I'itin itself does not offer pro- tection against corrosion, direct contact between plug and tendon shall be prevented eg. by applying a coating to the tendon), ) The tendon shat! be provided with a DIN 30672 heut- shrinkable tubing the inner surface of which shall have an anticorosive coating, factory-applied without being #xB0sed oa flame. The tubing shall havea final thickness of ‘1mm minimum. Tubing without pre-applieg inner cating may be used provided that ts inal wall thickness exceeds 1.5 mm. Each ber or strnd shail be protected separatoy. ©) The tendon shall bo enclosed by an extruded plastic sheath, with a wall thickness of a least 1. mm, which is {actory-applied. each bar or strand being protected sep rately 4) Meking a corosion allowance of at least 1mm to the Fequired diameter, this being deemed an adequate ‘means ofcomosion protection oni the yield point the steel does not exceed 500Nimm? and the cross-s6c- tional area of solid bars is not less than 600 mor the wal thickness of holow bars, not less than 8 mm, 6623 Anchor nead {tthe tendon over its fre length i protected by & plastic sheath as described in subeiause 6.6.22, items a) to €) th \wansition zone between it and the suppor! plinth shal be vated 30 28 to provent the ingress of water into the space ‘botween sheath and tendon, 86.24 Zone of transition between ree tenson length and bord length ln the case of single unit anchorages with a sate working load ‘of not les than 600 kN and of mult-urst anchorages with 3 ‘safe working load of not les than 750 KN, the tenon shall be provided with an adétional corrosion protection (eg. coer. ‘sted sheath tobe grouted) over a length of 1m atthe prox. ‘alendo' the bond length. its purpose lng to prevent ong tudinal cracks caused By the transmission of loads, develors ingso far asto expose tne tendon, Rock anchorages need not be provides with such a protection it may be assumed that Inthe zone éatinediby the anchor length the boreholes natu raly oy. 86.3 Corrosion protection of permanent anchorages Proof of suitability of the corrosion protaction system shallbe brovided for permanent anchorages (e.. by submitting an ‘agrément), This proof shal, among other things, 8) provide information on whether the components of the corrosion protection system are compatibie; state that ne system provides a degree of corrosion pro= tection equivalent to that of proven systems: sate that the cortosion protective agent will adversely affect the properties of te tendon neither duringits appt ‘cation nor subsequently under service conditions; state thatthe protection of the tendon extends over the full length of the sheathing, od ine tendon ie tightly ‘sealed (ef, tem 12 in igure 1) ©) state that in the anchored zone the corrosion protection oes not affect the freedom of the tendon to expand. ‘Cementitious grout shall be deemed adequate corrosion pro- {ection fin close contact with the tendon and it enclosed in @ sheath that under service conctions, resists corrosion and ‘does not permit the penetration of water. Normally. the min ‘mum grout caver shal be S mm; anchorage design and type of sheath may requie a tieker cover. ‘he corrosion protection of the tendon and the anchorage components shal be factory-aoplied. Where a conrugated sheath is used, the grout cover in the anchorage zone shalbe 10 mm minimurn tha sere thickness being eequited in the case of compression anchorages. ‘Where the corrosion protection is applied inthe form of @ coating, the specifications of DIN SS 928 arts 4 to 6 shall be ‘observed. f grout, sealing compounds, etc are used for cor Fosion protection, joose particles need not be removed tram te tendon prior tothe corrosion protection treatment. it the anchorage or pat of itis protectee against corrosion ater installation (eg. corrosion protection of anchor heed later grouting), ths work shall be supervised to ensure thet ‘oper workmanship is maintained. The date when this work 's scheduled fo begin shall Be notiied to the responsible builsing inspectorate in good time, plastic compounds are used for corrosion protection, spac rs shal be fitted to ensure an acequate thickness of the ‘compound enclosing the tendon. Where the corrosion gro tection is epplied in the form ofa coating. a material shal be introducedinto the space between the tendon and sheath so as to fil t completely end permanently unless it has been verified tat the seals fited between tendon and sheath are capable of maintaining thei function afer stressing of the ‘anchorage. Where grouting material ie used for corosion protection purposes, the sheath shall be deemed adequate ‘mechanical protection it mado of @ materia that does not permit penetration of water ° * For 1, soe page 1.7 Construction 7A Borehole driting Entry point. orientation, length and diemeter of boreholes, together with any deviations trom commonly used toler: ances, shall be specitied for each particular case. Angles of inclination of the anchorage to the vertical of between + 10° 4and~10" should be avoided where possible Otherwise prot Shall be provided that tna anchorage ean be fully routed The method of construction shall be selected to suit the ter- in and the structural conditions of any bulding on neigh: bouring sites, nit cuttings shall continuously be removed from the bore: hole (e. by fushing with air or water), Downwara inched boreholes sha be extended beyond te design bond length by the length required for 3 borehole sumpif such is neces: sary. ‘The minimum giameter of boreholes shail be S mm larger than the design ameter ofthe grout, taking into account the ‘rout cover dealt with in subciause 56. Detalis of onstruction of ground anchorages shall be speci- fied inthe Fight ofthe resuts of geotechnical investigations {nd ofthe information obtained trom the borehole. 7.2. Installation of tendon ‘The tendon shale instaled free feom defects and so as not to undergo mechanical damage licely to reduce ts bearing capacity orto attect the performance ofthe corrosion protec: tion system, Except where the ground is structurally stable and the bore- hole ise issutfcienty straight (ie. dled vsinge igh a), the tendon shall be installed using casing, It the anchor head and the means of corrosion protection used are not fitted immediately upon ination oF te te don, water shall be prevented from entering the sheath, 7.8 Grouting 7.341 Composition of grouting material Cement comoving with DIN 1164 Par 1 and mixing water as specitiod in DIN 4237 Part § shall be used to prepare tha. rout: for any adcitves employed, a valid test Corieate) shall have been igeued. Where prestressing tee! is used, DIN 4227 Part shall be observed, ‘The water/coment ratio shall le between O25 and 7, this value Being kept as low as possibie inthe case of rock anc conesive soi. 732. Mixing ‘The grouting material shall be machine-mixed, care being taken to prevent lumps forming and segregation eacuring between ming and grouting. 7.3.8 Injection Injection pressure and grouting technique shall be selected {o suit the ground and groundwater conditions encountered The grout maybe injected under hydrostatic pressure in rock, and in sof that permits griling with the borehole uniined te ‘material here being injected from the distal end ofthe anchor, ge. Post-grouting may be necessary, and the toncon fitted either before or ater grouting. Ifthe gut Isto be injected Under hydrostatic pressure andi cannotbe ruled out frat in ‘material wil enter the surrounding around. precautions (eg, *%) Test certicates are issued by the netut tr @autechnik DIN 6125 Page 7 ost-grouting rnimum injection pressure) are tobe taken to ‘ensure thatthe finished grout Is property formed over ihe species length (e. without ar oF water being etrappern For grouting upward inclined boreholes, packers shal noe ‘mally be used i which injection and vent pipes are atte 74 Post-grouting (Once the grout has hardened, post-arouting may be caried ut which involves the orginal grout Being burst if water secfor this purpose, care shallbe taken to ensure that inthe 289 of cohasive sol only small quantities of water enter the Surounéing ground. The post-grouting equipment e.g nies, tion lances with valves, tubes & manchelte) shal be con ‘ected to the tendon before this is installed 7.5 Maintenance of tree anchor length The grout shall not bear on the stueture to be anchored, ttistobs ensured that the anchorage loadin the zone defined ‘by the thed anchor length canbe transmitted into the ground, In the case of composite anchorages, fy (cl. igure 1) & not less than 0.5 mand not greater than 0.25 ig For compression anchorages, fs (ct. igure 2) shal not exeeeda value equalto 025 dig ~ fo. ‘The design free anchor length shall be achieved by flushing out excess grout unless It can be demonstrated by analysis {atthe above requirements canbe eatished asa resulta! the rout level dropping when the essing is withsrawn or i 3 Packer's used. For fiushing a flushing hose emiy attached ts the anchorage or alateraly perfratedtance, andes shina ‘media, non-nardening substances such as water or bentonite suspension, shall be used. Whan flushing out excsce grace, flushing fui shall rise up between casing and surrourding ‘round: otherwise the Borehole shal be flushed again eter withdrawal of the easing Maintenance ofa specific fxed anchor lengths not required itthe ground eonaitions encountered prectudeloas tranamic, sion in the zone defined bythe fee anchor length ana dest contact between grout and the anchored structure along te design fixed ancho: length. in thie context, the sirengttand deformation behaviour of the ground inthe zone delined By the design fixes anchor length and the tree anchor length, es wellas the compressive stres that can be transmitted na ne hardened grovt shal be taken into eccount 7.6 Workmanship 781 General Ground anchorages shall be constructed by the same tech: ‘igve arto the same size asthe tial anchorages that have lundlergone suitability testing (ct. clause 10), 7.5.2. Multvbar tendons ‘Tha bars or strands of mult-bar tendons shall inthe zone ‘defines by the bond length. be epaced so.as to ensure that al {endon units are completely urrounsed by grouting materia ‘The units shallbe ted to prevent thei being unraveled durag instalation, \tdamage due to subsidence is to be expected as a resutof the borehole colapsingin the zone delinedby the tres ancher length, the borehole shal be filed with a bentonite-cement suspension, for example, without this, however giving rise to 4 redistibution of forees in that zone.ol Pages OWN 4125, 7.84 Conatruction of anchorage hydrostatic proesure If groundwater is encountered in eiling, measures shal be taken to prevent soll or grouting materia being fushed oUt 7.85 Spacing of grouts ‘The cente-to-centre spacing of grouts sna bet m minimum for safe working Inads upto 700 kN and 5 m for sate working loads up to 1300 kN, intermediate vaives being determined by interpolation. Where necessary, the arrangement of tne anchorages shal be fan-shaped and staggered, or anchor: ages shall be tested by groups, in accordance with subclause 108. The fixed anchor length of an anchorage shall not extend ‘rough types of sol witha diferent deformation behavioue 7.88 Records Ail detals of anchorage construction shal be recorded (see ‘3ppencls A for specimen record form), thisinetuding forme" tton on the drlling technique uses, borehole orientation, ‘epth and eiamete. Records shal also be kept of the strata Boundaries encoun- Fed during cling, grout composition, quantity of grout ‘material used, injection pressure, design fixed anchor length, ‘and any special features of anchorage construction, 7.7 Stressing ‘tor hardening of the grout material, ganeraly one week ater the grouting operation, the anchorage shal be sub lected to suitably tosting and acceptance teting and ten- sioned to Its working load, In the presence of 8 Design analysis 84 Safe working load The safe working load of ground anchorages, Fy. ib to be is | >a | e120 | 210] >s | > | >s | >15 a in men $20 520 510 $20 1) tis to.be read trom the tnear section of the tme-cieplacement curve tDIN 4125 Page 19 Proof load, Fy —— OS Osh, fy WA 125K Sa = Displacement, s 7 FPaue 7. Loac-depacement dagram (example established in an acceptance test fra temporary anchorage) ‘11 Acceptance testing TA Procedure Esch anchorage chall be subjected to aeceptance testing. ‘Starting trom a pre-oed, Fy, the load shal be increesed, & ‘S1492¢ (as specified in table 2) untl a proot load, Fp equal to 128 Fw tor ermporary anchorages (et ligure 7) and ecusl to ‘ak: Fy for permanent anchorages, witha maximum of 09 Fe, '8 feached. The anchorage shall then be unloaded. At each stage, the displacement in subclause 114. With the proot toad kept constant, the displacement shall be ‘measured aver 2 period ofa least five minutes for cohesion: less sll and rock, and 15 minutos (e.g, ater 1, 2.5, 10 and To ‘minutes) for cohesive go, The minimum absanvation poses shall be extended it 4) for coheisionless soll and rock the cisplacoment fora pe ‘lod betwaen two and five mutes exceeds 0.2 minor ») for cohesive sail and rack, the displacement fora period ‘between § and 15 minutes exceeds 0.25 mm (both values ing @ creep displacement of more than O'S mer), The observation shallbe continued unt clear-cut value off, 45 described in subctause 102 ean be determined, The procedure described for cohesive sol shall be followed for heterogeneous sol! and sock Fotiowing this test the anchorage shallbestrased until Fis ‘tached, taking into account the ep atthe anchor Head. tre iiforence, due to the hysteresis, between Fo and the actual ‘anchorage foad may normally be disregarded. fg seed ot necsssariy be applied immediately aiter acceptance testing 112 Records Zhe results of acceptance testing shall be recorded in table form. The records shall gv, for tne relevant proot lead, the Permissible mits of elastic displacement (cepresented by lines a and b. as shown in figure 8), the changes in displace, ‘ment for an abservation period between twoand ve minotee and between 5 and 15 minvtes, respectively, and the reside) ‘displacement when unloading to Fy For permanent anchorages, forms as shown in appendix 8 ‘shall be used for evaluation, Deviations from test procedure and evalvation as specifed here are permitted subject to agreement between contractor and the expert body having ‘supervised the suitablity test. Normally, supervision of oo acceptance testis not required. 113 Acceptance criteria The acceptance test shallbe doomed to have been passedif with the anchorage under proof load, the slastic wepisce, ‘ment les within the tints defined by ines ¢ and as shonin figute 8 andi (et. table 2) 9) for the relevant proct load, the increase in ieplacemnent, 4s.in cohesiontess sol and rock for period Between tne, ane five minutes does not exceed 0:2 mm or. for cohesive 430i the coplacement fora period between Sand Sint wes d00s not exceed 0.25 mm (both values giving en ‘approximate creep displacement of 5 mim or lossy or ) for aroionged ebservation periods (ct. table 3), he creep Gisplacement does not exceed Imm for tomporay anchorages and 2 mm for permanent anchorages, lhe anchorage falls the tet the action tobe taken shall be agreed with the tesponsibie bulding inspectorate. (ae extended acceptance testing, reduction of works [eas placing of agetonal anchorages) ‘Adctional provisions may have to be made and tests per- formed i the resicual isplacement and eraep dlplavonsent fare greater than inthe suitability tase, 114 Measuring equipment Displacements during tensile testing hall be measured using ial gauges with 001mm scale intervals. Loads. may be pied by means of hydraulic jacks for which information {2vallabie on the lead carried by them as a function of the bhyéraul pressure for loading andunioading The accuracy at the instrument shall be such that the indisation aroune fhe ‘root toad does not cifer by more than 6 % from the mane ‘mum value as obtained trom the oad/dlaplacementelasram, ‘The hydraulic pressure shal be measured using calnated Pressure gauge complying with class 1.0 ae epeciig is Bin'51 220.Page 14 IN 4125 115 Extended period of use itor any reason, temporary anchorages remainin service for ‘ora than two years, the responsible bulding inspectorate ‘shallbe notified. Any action requiredto mine rake shallbe cides for each particular case, an expert being consuited equited. The following action shalbe taken atleast at ‘adequate intervais: 4) visual examination of anchorage where accecsbie; ) check wnether the anchocages are stl under straes. Geodetic checks shall vo made at reguar intervals to estab- lish any cisplacemont of tho anchored structure #0 that cor Ccsions can be drawn a to the stabil. 12 Evaluation of suitability tests and ‘expression of results 124 Genorat Evaluation of the results shall be mage as specified in sub- clauses 122 to 124, 12.2 Limiting lines Unies @ and b (ct. figure 6) shal be establened a folows. 4) Line ais represented by equations (6) and (7): EAs \8* 3, for composite snchorages, and san BA (ig 4) © Fr-F EAs {or compression anchorages. sant Is ” ) For Fp 2 0.75 nx- Fy + fine bis represented by equa tion &) Fro canoe EP is © ‘and for Fe 5075 ng- Fuy+ F by the complexiine FR plus RS, the coordinates of points R and S being obtained from table 4 Table 4. Coordinates of points R and S (cf. fgure 8) Point Ordinate se ‘Abscissa Fp R 0 ONS nx-F + A, tg S| 08K Fw S— | 075 me: Fw 8 ng Fon | O78 1 Ft The complex tine FR plus RS allows for restraint on the anchorage system due to friction loses during prestrese- ing ©) Is recommended that tne sqiforce curve being com ‘arog to nee which represents the elastic deformation ‘fa tendon having the desiga free tendon length, 12.3. Expression of results The resus of tensile testing shall be plotted as losdixsplace- ‘ment cures (ct. figure 82) the dlaplacement measured ai the anchorhead being broken downintoits elastic and pasts (eesicuat) components, a follows. Figure @ a) shows for a given proot load, the total displace ‘ment. s, which, when the anchorage is unloaded to Fy to ‘reduced bythe elastic component of cisplacement, a, ton, (blastic componond. Both components shall be plotted sepa fately or Fas a function ofthe proot ioad, ae shown in figure Di, AS an example, the displacement for a toed equal to 1.25 Fy, 5. entered in tgure & 0) (point C). As a result of loading, the elastic and plastic components, Scat and Sen {are obtained, which shall be entered in the diagram for alee ‘qua! to 125 Fy. 124 Determination of free tendon length ‘The design tee tendon length calls, is tobe derived ftom the straight section ofthe elastic displacement curve using the equation (9) Ase \ cally = Bay noe ® were ‘set BFP" is tho slope ofthe straight section of tho curve: z 's the elastic modulus of steel; As 's the cross-sectional area of the tencons, 13 In-service tests Where detormations otf the anchorage/stucture/gcound system are to be exnected which may give rze to changes the anchorageioadikelytoadversely affect te performance ‘ofthe anchorage or siructue, in-service tess are to be par: formed, Scope and frequency of teting and the number of anchorages tobe tested shalibe selected with due consider- ation being given to geotechnical aspects, to the pe of structure to be anchored and the results of sultabity and acceptance testing The {ests shall be conducted by observingimonitoring the Structure of by measuring the anchorage load, ‘Any findings and measurement results shall be recorded,Displacement. a Bhat Roskdual Gispiacement, » Figure & Se ‘dspiacement, sq 7 OWN 4125, Page 15 ress ee eee ee = 2) Total isplacement 1) Elastic and residual cisplacements and limiting ines ‘oad-asplacement clagram (example established in a suitably test fora tempocary anchorage)oll Faye 16 O1N 4125 14 Inspection Inteenal contro! of anchorages and anchorage components shal be performed as detailed in table 5, Table 6 Detals of intemal contro! (Object of test ‘Scope of test/check Item to be checkedirequirement(s) Frequency Prestressed stee! Consignment (steel grade and Giameter) against certieate of approval Marking: roa of quality contra: ‘no damage, no excessive staining Every consignment ‘Transport vehicles ‘Steel suppiied dry: ro soiling, Every consignment ‘Storage facies Stored under dry conditions; no song 10 contact with potentially corrosive media, ‘As required Reinforcing steet | Check of consignment for steet_ | Marking asin ON 488 Fart tor aude | Every consignment bars rade and clameter mission of an agrément ‘Structural stee! Consignment (steel grade and | As epecited in OIN 17100 Every consignment size) ' ‘Anchor heads, Proof of serviceabilty (ct. subciauses | Every consignment couplers 83 and 65) Grouting material | Constituents ‘dentitiction of constituents (et. sub- | Every consignment clause 7.3) trop oceament | Stessing and measuring equ | As specie in sibcause 05 orig | Onee a year uring equipment | mont Stressing Loads end displacements ‘As apecitied in clauses 19 or 1 Every anchorage Grouting Records ‘As specified in subclaute 7.88. Every anchorage Corrosion protection system Proof of serviceabilly (ef. subciause 663) Every consignment‘Appendix A ‘Specimen record form for the construction of ‘The note in the mar {Ground anchorages in accordance with subclause 7.6 of DIN 4125 ‘9 on Page" Eronting reproduction of any part he standard doesnot apy to the folowing epecenen OWN 4125. Page 17 form Designation of site and structural element: sheet Ne. Toeation and nario of anchorages ‘umber, and ameter of tendon bars ov evand hm ‘bor lath yn Ficed anchor enh am inaination of anchorogs n= ring method and ipe of aa | Resting medium 3 [Orting machine 2 Cased: Entry casing: 5, 9), in mm : Ra Cail. mm Uneases:_ “Dab 9, @ [pe and peterar & | Spacing mm e Outer diameter (unconstrained). in m By | Pee Type and matenal 58 umber: ameter mm 38 Nave pe aF) Numer, ocation Date Casedioa cepih OL am § | Urcased to depth ot nm Stata boundaries (rom enty ah nm 3 ly tenga enarape oom EP | shlong of water oss of tuning nos, dtng soecd and pressure, clsr of ‘| material tushed out appearance of, ‘overs See maior) Borehoe teste (pumping Tost scanning) | Oat of erowtng (Gn and secondary Tse [sar |e] ea ear | sosting Sen 130} ena) iso _| cana) g [Ties of cement [ects type and percentaany & | Wateemant ae 1 Quanity of cement used akg roving pressure: n bar “ee Method offing prov tna 38 [Deon t prone entot porn w 85 Resting pees bar Note ig foreran Namo of contractor “1 Oniy relevant for rock anchorages. "") By: outside damalers ds nside diameterPage 18 ov 4125 Appendix B ‘Specimen record form for the acceptance inspection of permanent anchorages in accordance with clause 11 of DIN 4125 ‘he note inthe margin on page 1 prohibiting reproduction of any part of the standard does not apply tothe following specimen form. Designation of site and structural element: ‘Sheat No, ‘Jack type No: Pressure gauge No, Load cal type: No Location and number of anchorages Tendon: number, and diameter of bars, mm 1 steel tensile strength, (a Nim cross-sectional aroa, As, in mm? ‘Anchor length iy in Tendon extension’), i nm Tendon bond length fin m | Free tendon tength, ig = by + = a nm 5 ‘Compression length, fp in CO) | [Factor of safety ny fo proot load \ Loaahyeraue presie/dplceront cy [es aC Prevading A x I 9.50 Fy ) z O76 Fy 1) | 3 [Rateworg oa 100 Fw : Proot oa) Faia Fy Fe= ng + Fw j Dapacemet 5 : arta 4 yi} ‘ater 2 min 5 : =| eters min 5 ( : er min | fe] 7 fae 3 | | & | s2és0z0mm 7m ys after 10 min 30 B | Ther min a ner fas B | sis- 585.025 mm Fyesinol4) 7 g after ... min s 1 | 8 | onerscmin = > erin : 1 | | [eee sepaconent i 18720 nm earl imal mT » | [See page 19 fr totesDWN 4125. Page 19 Teeaion ad mie of anonoagee ihre pressreaplacerent ar lf cae a Preoeing a ms we 2 ¥ [ening a ay a Prestressing force (with allowance for slip}s) [asm (iearal i BE linterna 3 $4 [tos tne we rea * | au) between a and & fyesino| yor Oat ot epee Jack pater: ; 1) Extension due to stressing and measuring equioment. 2) In the tensile test, Isis greater by an amount equal tod than after stressing of anchorage. ®) For r= x. Fu shallbe taken as 125 for temporary anchorages and a 150 for permanent anchorages or as 1 (end 1.25 respectively) for load case 2 of 3 (et able 9). ‘ fthe condition sg $20.2 mmitor cohesionless soil and sj_~ 5g $025 mm for cohesive sol isnot met, the observation shall ‘be continued unt a clear-cut value of k, can be determined For temporary anchorages, k, shall not exseea tone cere Permanent anchorages, not exceed 20mm. 5) The sip to be considered shail be taken from the agrémeat. ©) Su can be determined on the basis ofthe rests of suitabity testing, 2 Sn 6 tobe ealetated trom the maximum daplacement under proot load minus sy ater unloading to Fy ®) Thetimits of elastic displacement are defined: by limiting nes and forthe proof load, derived fom the free tendon length in accordance with subclause 122,Page 20. on 4125 Standards and other documents referred to DIN 485 Part Reinforcing steel; grades. properties and marking ON 1045 ‘Structural use of concrete; design and construction DIN 1058 Permissible loading of subsoil DIN” 1168 Part Fortand, Portland basturnaco, blastfumace sag and trate coment; concepts, constivents,requements and suppiy DIN 1961 Tendering and performance stipulations in contracts for constuction works (VOB). Part 8: General conal- tions of contract relating tothe execution of construction works DIN 4020 Geotechnical investigations for civ engineering purposes DIN 4030 ‘Analysis of water, soll and gases aggressive to concrete om 4085 Principles forthe calculation of earth pressure OWN 4003 ‘Ground treatment by grouting: planning, routing procedure and testing Din 4126 Excavations and trenenes; slopes, working space, and support DIN 4128 Castivplace concrete and composite ples; design, contruction and permisibe lading DIN 4227 Part 1 Prestressed concrete; partaly end fully prestressed ordinary concrete componente DIN 4227 Part 5 Prestressed concrete; grouting of tendon ducts DIN” 7748 Part Plasto mouking materials; unplastcized polyvinyl choriée (PVC) moulding matorals;cassiication and esignation Pasties mouking materiale; polypropylene (PP) mouiding materials; classlfeation and designation Plastic moulding materas: polyethylene (PE) moulding materials: clasifcation and designation Hot~oiled non-alloyed steel products for general structural applications Ft Rock anchorages for mining and tunneling: concepts Corrosion protection tapes and Neat shrinkable sleevng for buried pipework Corrosion of metal; sectrachemical concepts Suzcaptnty 1 corrosion of metalic pipework and bung components in coqlact wth sl and water Materials testing machines; generat Corrosion protection of ste! structures by organic and metalic coatings: preperation and testing of surfaces Searetion protection of sta! struetures by organic and metalic costings; coating materiale and protective systems Gorosion protection of steel structures by organic and metalic coatings; workmanship and inspection of ‘corresion protective wark Waren Eat sac Gammtee Bougraben of te Deutsche Gesotschat fir Ed nd Gundbay eV, obtainable tom Vedeg Watteim Ernst & Sohn, Bertin, DIN 16774 Pan 1 OWN 16776 Pan IN 17 100 DIN 21 621 IN 30672 DIN 50 900 Part 2 DIN 50.929 Part 3 IN 51220 DIN 55 928 Part 4 DIN 55028 Par S DIN 85.028 Pant 6 Previous editions DIN 4125 Part 1:08:72, 0388; DIN 4125 Part 2:02.78 Amendments the tne erat March 1988 edton and DIN 4125 Part 2, February 1976 eation, have been combined to form cne standard and the title amended accordingly. Explanatory notes Re clause + This standard desis only with anchorages designed fora per- Iissible anchorage oad of 1300 &N since, when tis standard 2s prepared, adequate and rllable data were avalable only for anchorages rated for these loads. Re subctause 5.1.3 ‘Ground or groundwater that Is highly aggressive (as defined in DIN 4020) ivowvas the risk of the bearing capacity being Arorsely affected by the time-dependent reduction In sia friction. Under these conditions, anchorages may be Installed IK was not deemed necessary to restrict the use of anchor ‘2925 to ground of adequate Beating capacity (as in he cae of castin-place piles) because, owing to tho fact that a “anchorages are subjected to acceptance testing, due allow” ance can be made for different ground eonsltions by specty. ing the permissibie working load accordingly, itprootis providedin the formotan expertise thatthe level of {round or water aggressvty doesnot alter the bearing caps. ty sianeanty curing the service feof the anchorage In the case of rook anchoreges, there are generally ony local “eductions in skin ction due to mountain water penetrating via cracks in the rack,Re subctause 6.3 ‘The tern ‘dynamic effects is understood to include vibration ‘oads rom machine foundations and sesmic action. Anchor, ages the tited anchor length of wich is located in sol ot homogeneous structure are pericuarly sensitive to such effects. Consultation of an expert is recommended here Re subclause 6:1 The requirement spectied here can be satisfied by using a tendon of higher elasticity. by providing fora facility of pos. Seessing the anchorage atthe anchor head, or by sombre tion of bot, Re subclause 6.3 Inthe case oftomporary anchorages may alsobenecessary to design the anchor head so that in-eervice checking or poet ‘stressing of the enchorage is possible “Most anchor heads are Gesigned so that proof of thelr set weeabiity (€9. in the form of an agrément) cannot bo pro. Vided as requited by the bulding regulations instead, euch root may be furnished ina diferent way (by submittingarcor, ‘cate of approval fora permanent anchorage ora paricuay stressing method), provides the means of streseing the anchorage (e.. wedges, ruts) are the same and are scbject to tied party inspection. Furthermore the support soncltons {(aiity ofthe support size of borehol) must be suchas sot fo adversely affect the anchorage performance, To eneure this intermediate elements In the form of plates may be instated, the structural adequacy of wich ia to be veri, Re cubelouse 6.8.1.2 Corrosion srtection inthe zone of jents inthe tendon poses {he probiem thatnot only a continuous protection oschnese far as ihe tree tendon length is to be provided but alee The felative cisplacemont of the protective systems. during anchorage instalation and stressing is 10 be. prevenion Fogure 19 tustrates a possibie solution of the problem, Sines the change in cross section a the joint involves the risk of the anchorage catching when the easing is introduced of extracted, casings for anchoragee with jointed tendons sh have a large diameter and be of adequate rigidty to ensure & iraight hole. The casings used should have a smooth ier Surface and the entry casing shallnot have aomalier diameter than the other casings. Re subclause 6.6.2.1 {he type and shape of spacers isto be selected as atunction os number of factors, suchas type of eo, borehole diameter 804 ny lining ofthe Borehole A distinction ie made betwece springy and ‘igi, and between concentric and eccontee spacers. Hollow spacers with aot leas than six arms have proved satistactory Since tne consistency of the grouting material ean be ariecte by the soil the latter is major factor inthe selection (of he grout cover. n the case of gol permeable to water ike ormally cohesionless soi) the water, at an injection gree {ure of 5 bar or mora is extracted from the grout to euen on extent that the grout is capeble at supporting the tendon as t leaves the casing Inthe case of solimpermeasie to ators ormally, cohesive sol), the consistency of the groctiog ‘material is not altered while tise injected. For these roscoe, ‘Sbacers ate not required where anchorages are installed ia ohesionless soil provided that the conditions specified in sudclause 663 are satisied. Auntoim grout covet san slog be obtained by using righ spacers alone or by combining such spacers with an adequate easing sze (ct figure 9) OWN 4125 Page 21 In the case of cohesive sol the grouting materia by itself is ‘not suitable to enaure an adequate grout cover 80 that sect tS are to be employed. which may be springy er rigid de former case, a check shal be made that when the spacer nos assed through the casing, it opens to ks design pecan i sufcienty 19 eneure an adequate grout cover (of pure ior ln he case of untied boreholes. tis racommanded thatthe spacers take the form ilustrated in figure 10 to prevent to being included. Holow spacore may be used wnere. tre spacer arme are not too narrow, Eccentric spacers should ony be used if they cannot be cis: laced and f thet postion can be checked by means of a ‘ark atthe proximal ond of the tendon, e652 Figures 11 and 12 show examples of seals at the proximal and Glstal endsot the anchorage wrich have bean found satisfac tory tis at the point of transition between anchored and anchor= 298 zone that cracks due {o st0ss concentrations and com sequential redistrbutionot forces at chanigesin cross section ate to be expected Tho distal seal ofthe sheath shal, under these conditions, be capable of preventing the penetration of moisture, ‘See figure 11 for examples of corrosion protection systems. Seaing plugs shail be made of absorbent materi Re subctause 66.23 Transitions between anctorage elements are problem areas in respect of corrosion protection. They should be of es ‘imple a design as possitie and be executed with parteus care. This appies especially tothe anchor Nead beseuss its ot only exposed to mechanleal stress but slo to sutoes water Figure 12 shows an example ofa cerrosion protection system {or a temporary anchorage extancing trom the ancher roee to the proximal end of the tendon ln the case of temporary anchorages, bearing plates and sither thick-walled components af the anchor head may be eemad adequately sercoabie without corrosion protection being required. Where there ae gape between wedges hus, | zt 2) Monabar tendon 1 | Pau. Baro fsrngy lasts or tool spacere fr tery encorgesIN 4125. Page 23 II Qe Tt ol oO |Page 2¢ IN 4125 Re subclause 7.3.3, For upward oriented rock anchorages of a strength atleast equal to that of the grout, packers need not be used, Re subclause 7.4 Post-grouting generally results in higher bearing capacity ‘owing tothe stronger bond between grout and ground thus produced, Re aubclauee 7.5 the anchor hesdis exposed to water under pceseure andthe ‘ixod anchor length cannot be achieved by flushing out or by the grout level dropping the Borehole canbe fited as he cas ing is withdrawn (eg. by means of bentonite suspension) tak- ing careto prevent abond withthe tendon eg. byintroducing an elastic or compressible agent into the zone of transition between tree and fixed anchor length). ‘similar method may be used if unstable boreholes may ge ‘ise to damage of buildings situated above, due to settiement Ro subclause 7.6.2 Spreadershave generally proved suitable meansto ensure an ‘adequate spacing of thetencon bars. Acentalyiocatedtube (of adequate diameter for secondary grouting may assume the function of spreaders. Mult-unit tendons tend to unravel atthe distal ond; this can be prevented by tying the bars with steel strap, for example, Re subclause 7.6.6 ‘The borehole records may also be used to check tha ground ‘cancitons inthe zone defined by the fixed anchor length. Is recommended, when dillng In fock, that records be kept of the drilling stages, drilling preseure, Nushing media and the type of dit cutings. 1 Tendon 2 Sheath 3 Seal 4 Protective tube 5 Coupler Re subclause 0.3 ‘reduction in Fs may become necessary the way in which the tendonisantachad at the anchorhead causes areduction im the force at which the tencon starts to yield, Fe subclouse 8.5 ') Measurements made on anchored walls situated beside trafic routes have cemorstrated that the actual fluctuations in stressin prestressed anchorage/ground system are very low. ©) In special cases due consideration shalibe given to the limitation of deformation (0.9. whien anchoring Buildings oF securing g2s pipework), ‘Re subclause 12 ‘The method of evaluation permits, with adequate accuracy {or practical purposes, assessment of @ ground anchorage In respect of bearing capaci, fee tendon length, permanent displacement and losses de to fltion during prestressing. Limiting res 2 andro (figure 8) constitute the timite be- {ween which the elastic displacement tie to enaure that ‘the calculated foe tendon fength does not der significantly {rom the design tree tendon length and friction losses remain within acceptable limit. Re subclause 12.4 Normally, the calculated tree tendon length can be deter- mined with adequate accuracy (om equation (9). Where large friction loses or tieton tosses varying with increasing anchorageloadare likely, the ree tendon length should, more ‘accurately.be determined from the slope ofthe cure plotted {or the last loading cycle (as shown in figure 8 a). Figure 19. Corrosion protection of coupler of a temporary anchorageOl) ‘DIN 4125 Page 25 oO of ee On oll eo ] otf Section A~A 9 “noe > 1 Tendon Hy 2Sheatn 3 Seat 4 Corrugated sheath | 5 Spreacer | 8 Grout 7 Spacer yf Figure 14 Zone of transition between free tendon length and tendon bond length of a temporary anchorage Oo} Intemational Patnt Clasitcation 5 coro see eerpane ty £020 21100 yt corre