THEME : MATTER IN NATURE

LEARNING AREA : 1.0 WATER AND SOLUTION

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

1.1Analysing the physical characteristics of water.

1.2 Analysing the composition of water

1.3 Analysing the process of evaporation of water

1.4 Analysing solution and solubility.

1.5 Analysing acid and alkali.

1.6 Analysing the methods of water purification.

1.7 Analysing the water supply system.

1.8 Understanding the preservation of water quality

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CHAPTER 12 WATER AND SOLUTION

SUBJECTIVE QUESTION

1.0 The below diagram shows an experiment to determine the physical

characteristics of water. The water is being heated at the mouth of the test tube.

(a) What will happen to the ice cubes at the bottom of the test tube when the
water boils?

(b) If foreign substances are added into pure water, what will happen to its
(i) boiling point?

(ii) freezing point?

(c) What inference can you make from this experiment?

2.0 The below diagram shows an experiment on the electrolysis of water.

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 (a) What is the element of water?

(b) Define electrolysis.

(c) (i) What is gas Y?

(ii) What will happen when gas X is tested with a burning wooden splinter?

(iii) What is the ratio of volume of gas X and Y collected at cathode and anode?

3.0 (a) Define evaporation.

(b) List three factors that affect the rate of evaporation.

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 1.
2.
3.

(c) (i) How is evaporation different from boiling?

(ii) How is boiling similar to evaporation?

(d)

(i) Between condition X and Y, which wet clothes will dry first?

(ii) Explain your answer in (d)(i).

4.0 (a) State three characteristics of a good drinking water.

1.
2.
3.

(b) (i) What is water purification?

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 (ii) List three types of water purification methods.
1.
2.
3.

(c) The below diagram shows one of the water purification process.

(i) Name the process.

(ii) Give one disadvantage of this water purification method.

OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

1. When a liquid is freezed, the particles cannot move freely. It is because

A of the stronger forces of attraction between particles.
B of the presence of foreign substance in the liquid.
C the liquid is not 100% pure.
D the liquid become denser.

2. What is the implication if there is foreign substances in a liquid?

A Its boiling point will increase.
B Its melting point will increase and then decrease.
C Its boiling and melting point will increase.
D Its boiling and melting point will decrease.

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3.

Water is being heated at the mouth of the test tube as shown in the apparatus
set-up in the above diagram. When the water boils, the ice cubes at the bottom
of the test tube do not melt. What inference can you make from this experiment?
A The wire mesh prevents the ice cubes from melting.
B The boiling point of water is less than 100 °C.
C Water is a poor conductor of heat.
D Water is a good absorber of heat.

4.

The above diagram shows matter being converted from one state to another.
What processes represent X, Y and Z?
X Y Z
A Condensation Melting Sublimation
B Sublimation Condensation Melting
C Melting Sublimation Condensation
D Condensation Sublimation Melting

5. The electrolysis of water produces gas X and gas Y at the positive electrode and
negative electrode respectively. Which of the following statement is not true?
A Gas X is a product of photosynthesis process.
B Gas Y is needed in the photosynthesis process.
C The ratio of gas X to gas Y collected is 1:2
D Gas Y causes no change to litmus paper.

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6. When __________ passes through water, water can be decomposed into
hydrogen and oxygen gas.
A electric current
B gas bubbles
C dilute sulphuric acid
D steam

7.

The above diagram shows an apparatus set up for electrolysis of water.

Substance X is added to the water in the basin. The substance is most probably
A starch solution.
B alcohol.
C alkaline solution.
D dilute acid sulphuric.

8.

Based on the above diagram, if 10 cm³ of oxygen gas is given out at P, how
much gas is given out at Q?
A 5 cm³
B 10 cm³
C 15 cm³
D 20 cm³

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9. Name the process that cause the formation of dew drops in the early morning.
A Condensation
B Precipitation
C Electrolysis
D Evaporation

10.

The above diagram shows that iodine particles are converted into vapour. Which
process is involved in the conversion?
A Sublimation
B Evaporation
C Condensation
D Boiling

Question 11 and 12 are based on above diagram which shows the process of
water cycle.

11. What processes are represented by X, Y and Z?

X Y Z
A Evaporation Precipitation Condensation
B Condensation Evaporation Precipitation
C Evaporation Condensation Precipitation

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 D Precipitation Condensation Evaporation

12. Which of the following statements is not true regarding process X?

A It can takes place at any temperature.
B It happens at the surface only.
C It is a fast process.
D It can takes place at any time.

13. What kind of solution can be separated by filtration?

A Homogeneous
B Concentrated solution
C Electrolyte solution
D Suspension

14. The following are ways to dissolve a solid into a liquid except
A decrease the surface area of the solid.
B decrease the size of the particle.
C increase the temperature of the mixture.
D mixture.

15. The table below shows some examples of solutions with different
combinations. Which pair of combination is incorrect?
Solution Combination Example
A Aerosol Gas + solid Smoke
B Emulsion Liquid + gas Butter
C Foam Liquid + gas Whipped cream
D Sol Liquid + solid Paint

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16.
The proportions of the materials will be the same
Does not separate on stand
Will pass through the filter
Do not scatter light
The above information indicates the characteristics of a ________.
A homogeneous solution
B saturated solution
C concentrated solution
D electrolyte solution

17. The following alkalis are matched with their common names. Which pair is
incorrectly matched?
Alkalis Common name
A Sodium hydroxide Caustic soda
B Potassium hydroxide Caustic potash
C Magnesium hydroxide Milk of magnesia
D Calcium hydroxide Slaked lime

18.

The apparatus set up in the above diagram shows the reaction between nitric
acid and substance X. What could be substance X?
A Zinc
B Copper oxide
C Calcium carbonate
D Calcium hydroxide

19. Which of the following is/are true about neutralisation process?

I Titration method is used to achieve the point of neutralisation.
II At neutralisation point, the solution has pH value of 7.
III Water is produced.
A I, II, III

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 B I, II
C II, III
D I only

20.

Which of the equations shows the chemical reaction in above diagram?

I Potassium hydroxide + Ammonium chloride heat  Ammonia gas +
Sodium chloride + Water
II Calcium hydroxide + Sulphuric acid heat
 Ammonia gas + Calcium
sulphide
III Magnesium oxide + Hydrochloric acid heat
 Ammonia gas +
Magnesium sulphate
A I, II, III
B I, II
C II, III
D I only

Question 21 and 23 are based on the above diagram

21. The removal of all particles from the water and clarifying water are carried in
chamber ________.
A P
B Q

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 C R
D S

22. The following happens to the particles in P and Q except

A forms a heavy clump.
B forms a large clump.
C settles to the bottom.
D float on the surface.

23. Basin P and Q are used to remove non-settleable solids and colour from water. P
and Q are called
A pumping stations.
B sedimentation basins.
C flocculators.
D filters.

24. Drinking water must not contain the following substances except
A harmful bacteria.
B poisonous substances.
C unpleasant taste.
D any dissolved substances.

25. Which of the following is not classififed as

water pollutant?
A Industrial waste
B Animal faeces
C Oil leakage from tankers
D Open rubbish burning

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