OTN OVERVIEW

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 Transmission Systems
SDH- Synchronous Digital Hierarchy

DWDM-Dense Wavelength Division

Multiplexing

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 Optical Transport Network
OTN has the best of both technologies
DWDM & SDH
Vast Capacity of DWDM meets the strong
management features of SDH
Multiplexing Hierarchy of OTN is called
Optical Transport Hierarchy(OTH)
OTN is also known as DIGITAL WRAPPER
Very strong FEC

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 OTH Principles
Payload can be SDH signal or Ethernet or IP
or any other protocol
Granularity of payload is 2.5 Gbps
Hierarchy provides generation of payload
unit of 10 Gbps by mmultiplexing 4 nos.of 2.5
Gbps tributaries
Alternatively 10 Gbps(STM-64 or 10 G
Ethernet) can be received directly
10 Gbps payload units are again multiplexed
to form a 40 Gbps unit

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 OTH Principles
Or Alternatively 40 Gbps can be received
directly
These 40 Gbps units is converted into an
Optical Channel(Och) of a particular
wavelength
Several such Wavelengths are multiplexed
together to form a CWDM or DWDM System

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 OTH Principles
Provision exists for conversion of either
2.5G/10G tributary to be directly converted to
an optical wavelength if the situation desires.
It is also possible to transmit a single
wavelength in case there are no more
wavelengths to be multiplexed.

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Multiplexing Structure of OTN

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Multiplexing Structure of OTN
OPU Optical Payload Unit
 First structure in OTH
 Client signal is accepted by this unit
 Bit Rate JUSTIFICATION is done in OPU
 Overhead bytes for PAYLOAD TYPE(PT) identification
ODU Optical Data Unit
 Formed by adding OH to OPU
 Overheads for various Management functions such as
– TCM(Tandem Connection Monitoring)
– Error monitoring through BIP-8
– End to End path monitoring
– APS
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Multiplexing Structure of OTN
OTU Optical Transport Unit
Features of FEC & some more overheads for Trace
Identifications
BIP 8 calculations for error detection
General Management etc are provided to the ODU to
form OTU
OTU completes all OAM functionalities required
OTU is last information structure on Electrical Domain
Functionality of OH of OTU is equivalent to that of
SOH in case of SDH

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Multiplexing Structure of OTN
Och Optical Channel
Electrical to Optical conversion after adding OH for
management
OCC Optical Channel Carrier
OCC assigns a specific wavelength out of the WDM
wavelengths to each other
OCG Optical Channel Group
Many Ochs are multiplexed together to form the
OCG,the multiplexed optical WDM Signal

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Multiplexing Structure of OTN
Optical Transport Module (OTM)
 OCG is added with an OH called OTM overhead
signal(OOS) to form the OTM the transport module that is
transmitted across the network
Optical Multiplex Section(OMS)
 OMS is similar to the multiplex section of SDH where adding
and dropping of Optical tributaries is carried out.
 Part of OTH Hierarchy containing OCC & OCG belongs to
Multiplex Section layer
Optical Transmission Section (OTS)
 Last component of OTH Hierarchy
 Similar to Regenerator Section Layer of SDH

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Multiplexing Hierarchy of OTN
Digital Signals are accepted at the nominal bbit
rates of 2.5,10,40 Gbps
2.5 Gbps signal is added with an overhead to form
OPU-1
OPU1 + OH=ODU1
4* ODU1= OPU2
However if there are no more ODU1s to be
multiplexed, the ODU1 can directly go to the final
module on the electrical domain OTU1.

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Multiplexing Hierarchy of OTN
OPU2 is payload for next level multiplexing
OPU2 is formed by multiplexing 4 nos. of ODU1s
ODU2 is formed by adding necessary OH in a
similar manner as ODU1 was formed from OPU1
Alternatively OPU2 is formed by directly mapping
a payload of 10 Gbps
3rd level of multiplexing involves multiplexing of
ODU2 with 3 more such ODU2s called OPU3
Alternatively ODU2 can be directly mapped onto
OTU2 by adding necessary OH if there are no
more ODU2s to be multiplexed
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Multiplexing Hierarchy of OTN
OPU3 can also be formed by directly mapping 40
Gbps client signal
It is also possible to multiplex 16 nos.of ODU1s to
OPU3
OPU3 is mapped onto an ODU3 & finally to OTU3
in a similar manner as is done for lower levels
Thus it is possible to have OTU1,OTU2 & OTU3
available for conversion to Optical domain

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Multiplexing Hierarchy of OTN
Subscript 1,2 or 3 to OPU,ODU & OUT
Example OPUk,ODUk & OTUk
K=1 represents payload of 2.5 Gbps
K=2 represents payload of 10 Gbps
K=3 represents payload of 40 Gbps

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Multiplexing Hierarchy of OTN

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Multiplexing Hierarchy of OTN

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Multiplexing Hierarchy of OTN
The tributaries of the OTU level formed from the
client’s signals could beany of the these levels, i.e.,
OTU1, OTU2, OTU3….
Each of these tributaries is allotted a particular
wavelength as a carrier
After conversion from electrical to optical domain. The
carrier OCC represents one of the wavelengths of the
WDM band of operation.
All the OCCs are multiplexed together using the
WDM techniques to form the OCG.
The number of OCCs (and thus the number
of OTUs) can be anything subject to the total number
of wavelengths that can be carried by the WDM
system designed to operate.

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