Questions and Problems:

1. Describe the type of meter movement used

in analog meters.

The type of meter movement used in analog

meters is a moving coil. The core will be
pulled by magnetic force if the flow of the
current in the coil is supported by bearings
made of jewel between the poles of a
permanent magnet. As a result of this, the coil
experiences rotation to align its plane
perpendicular to the line in connection to the
poles of the permanent magnet.

2. What device is used to extend the range of

a DC ammeter and how is it connected to the
basic meter?

The device used to extend the range of a DC

ammeter must be a resistor that consist of a
very low resistance. It is connected to the
basic meter across the terminals. It can be
located in the inside or the outside.
3. What device is used to extend the range of
a DC voltmeter and how is it connected to the
basic meter?

The device used to extend the range of a DC

voltmeter must be a multiplier resistor. A
multiplier resistor is in series in which adding
the same resistance will double the range of
the voltmeter. It will then affect the voltage in
the voltmeter.

4. Why is it necessary that an ammeter be a

low resistance instrument? Why must a
voltmeter be a high resistance instrument?

It is necessary that an ammeter be a low

resistance instrument because it is in a series
path. A voltmeter must be a high resistance
instrument because it is in a parallel path and
it takes a little current.
5. What type of basic meter is configured as a
wattmeter?

An electrodynamometer is a basic meter

configured as a wattmeter. It measures an
electric power.

6. Two 150V voltmeters are being compared;

meter A has 5kΩ/V while meter B has a total
meter resistance of 750kΩ. Which is the more
sensitive meter? Why?

The sensitivity of a voltmeter is the quotient

of the total resistance and the voltage. Using
the equation:
for meter A:
5000Ω/150V= 33.33Ω/V
for meter B:
750000Ω/150V= 5000Ω/V
Meter B is higher compared to meter A which
means that meter B is more sensitive meter
in comparison with meter A.
7. What current is required for full scale
deflection of a galvanometer having a current
sensitivity of 50x10-6A per scale division? The
meter has exactly 50 divisions on either side
of the mid-scale index.

I=[(50x10-6)/division](2)(50divisions)

I=5x10-3A

8. What potential difference appears across

the galvanometer described in problem 6
when the pointer is fully deflected? The meter
resistance is 10 Ω.

V=ImRm

V=[(5x103)-1A](10Ω)

V=2x10-3V
9. Determine the series resistance needed to
convert a galvanometer to a voltmeter
reading 15V on full scale deflection if a
current of 2.5mA causes full scale deflection
and the resistance of the coil is 10 Ω.

VT=Im(Rs+Rm)

15V=(2.5x10-3A)(Rs+10Ω)

Rs=5990 Ω

10. Determine the shunt resistance needed to

convert a galvanometer to an ammeter with a
full scale reading of 10A if the scale requires
2.5mA to cause full deflection with a coil
resistance of 10 Ω.

Rsh=(ImRm)(IT-Im)-1

Rsh=[(2.5x10-3A)(10Ω)][(10A-2.5x10-3A)]-1

Rsh=2.5x10-3 Ω
Discussion

As we followed the procedure in this

experiment, we obtained the following values
in table 1.1 “Measured Data” by using the
digital multimeter and the milliammeter which
are 2184Ω, 20.7V, 9.5mA for the first attempt.
Using the obtained values, we then computed
for the Power and Resistor by using the
formulas product of voltage and current for
power while for the resistor, using three
different formulas that are derived with the
common formula voltage is equal to the
product of the current and resistor. The
computed value for power is 0.197W and for
the resistor is 2178.95Ω. We did this for 10
trials. In table 1.2 “Simulated Data” we used
the program LTSpice for getting the voltage,
current and power. The values of the resistors
depends on the values in the table 1.1 in
which we used the color coding of resistors to
get the values. The first trail is related to the
first trial in table 1.1 in which the values here
are now accurate compared to table 1.1.
Using LTSpice is accurate because it is
already programmed. In our first trial, we
input the value of the resistor that we used
for table 1.1, 2200Ω. LTSpice then showed the
values for voltage, current, and power which
are 20V, 9.09mA, and 0.181W respectively.
We repeated this for 10 trials. The computed
and accurate values can be seen in the
detached pages of the preliminary data sheet.
Conclusion

I therefore conclude that the following

objectives were accomplished:

Determining the characteristics and the

proper connection of common electrical
measuring devices such as ammeter,
voltmeter and ohmmeter where in Sir Teresa
explained it thoroughly to us. The equipments
that we used during the experiment were
power supply, DMM or digital multimeter,
analog milliammeter and toolbox filled with
different resistors and probes. We filled the
preliminary data sheet by connecting the
probes in the power supply with the input of
resistors.

Learning to read measurements of basic

electrical measuring device by knowing the
different functions in the digital multimeter
and the analog milliammeter.
 Becoming familiar with the basic circuit
training kit and learning the proper
connection of the trainer kit devices because
basic circuit such as resistors are prone to be
burning if exposed long enough by the source
and might also destroy the power supply.

The possible sources of errors in this

experiment that could have cause a different
reading compared to the actual might be the
resistor not working effectively due to the
number of usage, the knobs reading in some
equipments such as the power supply cannot
reach a specific value of voltage, the probes
might not read the accurate reading due to
short circuit or other reasons and the reading
of the multimeter in comparison with the
reading in LTSpice might have a large gap in
between of them.
Set-up and Results: