It is planned to form AP OSHA on 5 th September 2017 during the inaugural function of National

Seminar on EOHS at JNTUK, Kakinada.

AP OSHA’s mission is to assure safe and healthful conditions for working men & Women in
both formal and informal sectors of Industries and fields of activities by setting and enforcing
standards and providing training, outreach, education and compliance assistance.

Under the existing laws and acts in India employers are responsible for providing a safe and
Healthful work place for their workers.

AP-OSHA is inspired by the commendable work done by the United States of America Congress
by creating the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, OSHA in 1970,a National public
and Industrial Health agency dedicated to the basic proposition that no workers should have to
choose between their lives and their jobs.
OSHA has achieved remarkable progress. OSHA created a historic movement of cooperative
national reform. The OSHA law makes it clear that the right to a safe work place is a basic
human right. After OSHA implemented programs, policies & activities on improving
occupational safety & Health,. the work place injuries, illness & deaths have fallen
dramatically .OSHA has tackled with the partnership of the state agencies deadly safety hazards
& Health risk. Their strict safety standards ,enforcements actions, compliance assistance &
Cooperative programs have saved thousands of lives & prevent countless injuries & illness.
OSHA is committed to protecting employees from toxic chemicals & Major safety hazards at
work, Ensuring that vulnerable workers in high risk jobs have access to critical information
safety training & education about job risks & Hazards & Providing employers with vigorous
compliance assistance & Guidance to promote best safety practices that can save millions of
lives . Although OSHA tasks needs more time & concerted action to accomplish its objective the
progress that has been made so far gives the hope & confidence that OSHA will continue to
make a lasting impact & difference in the lives of their nations 130 million workers, their
families & their communities.

OSHA MISSION

US Congress created OSHA to assure safe & Healthful conditions for working men & Women
by setting & enforcing standards & Providing training ,out reach, education & Compliance
assistance. Under the OSHA law, employers are responsible for providing a safe & Healthful
workplace for their workers.

Progress made by OSHA

Coupled with the efforts of employers, workers, safety & Health professionals unions & and
advocates OSHA and its state partners have dramatically improved workplace safety reducing
work related deaths and injuries by more than 65%
In 1970 an estimated 14000 workers were killed on the job. in 2010 this number fell down to
4500 at the same time US employment has almost doubled to over 130 million workers at 7.2
million workers work sites. The rate of reported serious workplace injury and illness has dropped
markedly by 65%. OSHA safety and health standards including those for asbestos, fall
protection, cotton dust, trenching, machine guarding, benzene, lead and blood borne pathogens
have prevented countless work related injuries, illnesses and deaths .

In spite of the best efforts and initiation taken by OSHA significant hazards and unsafe
conditions still exist. In US workplaces each year more than 3 million employees suffers is
severe job related injuries or illness, million more are exposed to toxic chemicals which slowly
and ultimately cause illness in the future.

In addition to the direct impact on individual workers the negative consequences for America's
economy of substantial occupational injuries and illnesses cost American employees more than $
53 billions over $1 billion a week.

In workers compensation cost alone indirect cost to the Employees including last productivity
employee training and replacement cost and the cost incurred for conducting safety analysis and
investigations adds further to the above costs. Employees and their families suffers great
emotional and psychological cost in addition to loss of wages, and the cost of caring for the
injured etc.

OSHA coverage

The OSHA act covers most private sector and public sector employers and employees in the 50
states and certain territories .The OSHA act encourages States to develop and operate their own
job safety and health programs and precludes state enforcement of OSHA standards.

Federal OSHA provides coverage to cartain employee specifically excluded from the state plan.

Rights and responsibilities under OSHA law.

Employers have the responsibilities to follow all safety and health standards and must provide
their employees with a workplace that doesn't have serious hazards and health problems.
Employees must find unsafe conditions and correct them employees must eliminate or reduce
hazard by making feasible changes in working conditions rather than personal protective
equipment.

Educate employees about chemical hazards through training, labels, alarms, colour code systems
and chemical information sheets.

Keep accurate results of work related injuries and illness.

Perform test in the workplace to find out the presence of dust chemical fumes and other
pollutants.

Medical Test including hearing ability of workers and supply protective equipment as necessary
at no cost to workers.

Notify OSHA within 8 hours of a workplace fatality or within 24 hours of any major injury.

OSHA Standards on employee safety

OSHA’s construction, general industry, Maritime and Agriculture standards protect employees
from a wide range of serious hazards namely Provide fall protection prevent trenching cave- ins
prevent exposure to some infectious diseases.

Ensure the safety of workers who enter confined spaces.

Prevent exposure to harmful chemicals.

Put Guards on dangerous missions.

Provide respirators or other safety equipment and Provide training for certain dangerous jobs in a
language and vocabulary workers can understand.

Employers must also comply with the general duty clause of OSHA act.

This clause requires employers to keep their work place free of serious recognized hazards and is
generally excited when more specific OSHA standards applies to the hazard.

Enforcement:
Enforcement plays an important part in OSHA effort to reduce workplace injuries ,illnesses and
fatalities .When OSHA find some employers failing to uphold their safety and health
responsibilities the agency takes strong decisive actions as below

Inspection are initiated without advance notice by highly trained compliance officers as per the
priorities below
 Imminent danger
  Catastrophes – fatalities and hospitalization
 Workers complaints and reference
 Targeted inspection particular hazards high injury rates
 Follow up inspections

OSHA has got several enactments and laws made by the US Congress to protect the safety of the
employees, the environment, Healthcare, workplace safety in covering most of the industrial and
other field’s of activities.

A few of the important laws and acts are mentioned below

1. Worker, environmental and nuclear safety laws,

2. Asbestos hazards emergency responses act
3. Clean air acts ,
4. Comprehensive environmental response act
5. Energy reorganization act
6. Water pollution act
7. Occupational safety and Health act
8. Safe drinking water acts
9. Solid waste disposal acts
10. Toxic substance control act
11. Transportation act,- Road and Rail Road act
12. Food safety and drug acts

OSHA assistance services and programs

Several programs and services are developed and available at OSHA to help employees identify
and correct job hazards and improve their safety and health program.

 The key to save Healthful work environment and a comprehensive safety and Health
program.

 Most successful safety and health program based on a common set of key elements
including management leadership, worker participation, hazard identification, hazard
prevention and control, education and training and program evaluation and
improvement.

OSHA has developed and implemented voluntary protection programs to work cooperatively and
proactively with the participation of OSHA and small and medium Industries with their
employees can develop a system focused on work site analysis, hazards prevention and control
,training and environment with the involvement of Management plus employee commitment.
A safe workplace is sound business
OSHA has recently updated the Guidelines for Safety and Health Programs it first released 30
years ago, to reflect changes in the economy, workplaces, and evolving safety and health issues.
The new Recommended Practices have been well received by a wide variety of stakeholders and
are designed to be used in a wide variety of small and medium-sized business settings. The
Recommended Practices present a step-by-step approach to implementing a safety and health
program, built around seven core elements that make up a successful program.

The main goal of safety and health programs is to prevent workplace injuries, illnesses, and
deaths, as well as the suffering and financial hardship these events can cause for workers, their
families, and employers. The recommended practices use a proactive approach to managing
workplace safety and health. Traditional approaches are often reactive –that is, problems are
addressed only after a worker is injured or becomes sick, a new standard or regulation is
published, or an outside inspection finds a problem that must be fixed. These recommended
practices recognize that finding and fixing hazards before they cause injury or illness is a far
more effective approach.
The idea is to begin with a basic program and simple goals and grow from there. If the focus is
on achieving goals, monitoring performance, and evaluating outcomes, the workplace can
progress along the path to higher levels of safety and health achievement.
Employers will find that implementing these recommended practices also brings other benefits.
Safety and health programs help businesses:

 Prevent workplace injuries and illnesses

 Improve compliance with laws and regulations
 Reduce costs, including significant reductions in workers' compensation premiums
 Engage workers in safety and health related programs
 Enhance their social responsibility goals
 Increase productivity and enhance overall business operations
Establishing a Safety and Health program at the job site is one of the most effective ways of
protecting the most valuable asset to the workers. Losing workers to injury or illness, even for a
short time, can cause significant disruption and cost—to the company as well as the workers and
their families. It can also damage workplace morale, productivity, turnover, and reputation.
Safety and health programs foster a proactive approach to “finding and fixing” job site hazards
before they can cause injury or illness. Rather than reacting to an incident, management and
workers collaborate to identify and solve issues before they occur. The collaboration builds trust,
enhances communication, and often leads to other business improvements. Employers who have
implemented safety and health programs, including many who are in OSHA’s Voluntary
Protection Programs (VPP) or the Safety and Health Achievement Recognition Program
(SHARP) for small and medium-sized businesses, have also found that managing for safety
results in higher-quality product or output and higher profits.

The Recommended practices provide responsible employers, workers, and worker

representatives with a sound, flexible framework for addressing safety and health issues on
diverse construction job sites. The recommended practices emphasize a proactive approach to
managing occupational safety and health. Traditional approaches are often reactive—that is,
actions are taken only after a worker is injured or becomes sick, a new standard or regulation is
published, or an outside inspection finds a problem that must be fixed. Finding and fixing
hazards before they cause injury or illness is a far more effective approach. Doing so avoids the
direct and indirect costs of worker injuries and illnesses, and promotes a positive work
environment.

THE BENEFITS OF IMPLEMENTING RECOMMENDED PRACTICES

Responsible employers know that the main goal of a Safety and Health program is to prevent
work-related injuries, illnesses, and deaths, as well as the suffering and financial hardship these
events can cause for workers, their families, and their employers. Employers may find that
implementing these recommended practices brings other benefits as well. The renewed or
enhanced commitment to safety and health and the cooperative atmosphere between employers
and workers have been linked to:

• Improvements in production and quality.

• Better employee morale.

• Improved employee recruiting and retention.

• A more favorable image and reputation (among customers, suppliers, and the community).

The importance of worker participation

Throughout these recommended practices, OSHA emphasizes the importance of worker

participation in the Safety and Health program. For a program to succeed, workers (and, if
applicable, their representatives) must participate in developing and implementing every element
of the safety and health program. This emphasis on worker participation is consistent with the
OSHA activities, OSHA standards, and OSHA policies and procedures, which recognize the
rights and roles of workers and their representatives in matters of workplace safety and health.
Several action items described in these recommended practices rely on perspectives, expertise,
and input that can come only from workers and their representatives.

NINE EASY THINGS TO GET WORK DONE ACCURATELY

If these recommended practices appear challenging, here are some simple steps

1. ALWAYS SET SAFETY AND HEALTH AS THE TOP PRIORITY

 Tell workers that making sure they finish the day and go home safely is the way we do
business. Assure them that you will work with them to find and fix any hazards that could
injure them or make them sick.
2. LEAD BY EXAMPLE
Practice safe behaviors initially and make safety part of our daily conversations with
workers.
3. IMPLEMENT A REPORTING SYSTEM
Develop and communicate a simple procedure for workers to report any injuries,
illnesses, incidents (including near misses/close falls), hazards, or safety and health
concern’s without fear of retaliation. Include an option for reporting hazards or concerns
anonymously.
4. PROVIDE TRAINING
Train workers on how to identify and control hazards using, for example, OSHA’s
Hazard Identification Training Tool.
5. CONDUCT INSPECTIONS
Inspect the job site with workers and ask them to identify any activity, piece of
equipment, or material that concerns them. Use checklists and other resources, to help
identify problems.
6. COLLECT HAZARD CONTROL IDEAS
Talk with workers about ideas on safety improvements throughout the project.
7. IMPLEMENT HAZARD CONTROLS
Assign workers the task of choosing, implementing, and evaluating the solutions.
8. ADDRESS EMERGENCIES
Identify foreseeable emergency scenarios and develop instructions on what to do in each
case. Meet to discuss these procedures and post them in a visible location at the job site.

9. MAKE IMPROVEMENTS

Set aside a regular time to discuss safety and health issues, with the goal of identifying
ways to improve the program.

Safety and Health program, all workers:

• Are encouraged to participate in the program and feel comfortable providing input and
reporting safety or health concerns.

• Have access to information they need to participate effectively in the program.

• Have opportunities to participate in all phases of program design and implementation

• Do not experience retaliation when they raise safety and health concerns; report injuries,
illnesses, and hazards; participate in the program; or exercise safety and health rights.

Encourage workers to report safety and health concerns Workers are often best positioned to
identify safety and health concerns and program shortcomings, such as emerging job site
hazards, unsafe conditions, close calls/near misses, and actual incidents. By encouraging
reporting and following up promptly on all reports, employers can address issues before someone
gets hurt or becomes ill.
How to accomplish it

• Establish a simple process for workers to report injuries,

illnesses, close calls/near misses, hazards, and other safety
and health concerns, and respond to reports promptly.
Include an option for anonymous reporting to reduce fear of
reprisal.

• Report back to workers routinely and frequently about

action taken in response to their concerns and suggestions.

• Emphasize that management will use reported information only to improve job site safety and
health, and that no worker will experience retaliation for bringing such information to
management’s attention

• Empower all workers to initiate or request a temporary suspension or shutdown of any work
activity or operation they believe to be unsafe.

• Involve workers in finding solutions to reported issues.

Give workers access to safety and health information. Sharing relevant safety and health
information with workers fosters trust and helps organizations make more informed safety and
health decisions.

How to accomplish it

• Give workers the information they need to understand safety and health hazards and control
measures on the job site. Some OSHA standards require employers to make specific types of
information available to workers, such as: — Safety Data Sheets (SDSs) — Injury and illness
data (prevent disclosure of sensitive and personal information as required) — Results of worker
exposure monitoring conducted at job sites (prevent disclosure of sensitive and personal
information as required)

• Other useful information for workers to review can include: — Chemical and equipment
manufacturer safety recommendations — Job site equipment and vehicle inspection reports —
Incident investigation reports (prevent disclosure of sensitive and personal information as
required) — Job hazard analyses (JHAs) and/or job safety analyses (JSAs)

Identify health hazards Identifying workers’ exposure to health hazards is typically more
complex and less obvious than identifying physical safety hazards. For example, gases and
vapors may be invisible, often have no odor, and may not have an immediately noticeable
harmful health effect. Health hazards include chemical hazards (solvents, adhesives, paints, toxic
dusts such as lead and silica, etc.), physical hazards (noise, radiation, heat, etc.), biological
hazards (infectious diseases), and ergonomic risk factors (heavy lifting, repetitive motions,
vibration from operating tools and earthmoving equipment).
How to accomplish it

• Identify chemical hazards—review SDSs and product labels to identify chemicals at the job
site that have low exposure limits, highly volatile, or are used in large quantities or in
unventilated spaces. Identify activities that may result in skin exposure to chemicals.

• Identify physical hazards—identify any exposures to excessive noise (areas where one must
raise their voice to be heard by others), elevated heat (indoor and outdoor), or sources of
radiation (radioactive materials, X-rays, or radiofrequency radiation).

• Identify biological hazards—determine whether workers may be exposed to sources of

infectious diseases, molds, toxic or poisonous plants, or animal materials (fur or scat) capable of
causing allergic reactions or occupational asthma.

• Identify ergonomic risk factors—examine work activities that require heavy lifting, work
above shoulder height, repetitive motions, or tasks with significant vibration.

• Conduct quantitative exposure assessments, when possible, using air sampling or direct reading
instruments.

HAZARD PREVENTION AND EFFECTIVE CONTROLS

Protect workers from hazards; help avoid injuries, illnesses, and incidents; minimize or eliminate
safety and health risks; and help employers provide workers with safe and healthful working
conditions.
To effectively control and prevent hazards, employers should:

• Involve workers, who often have the best understanding of the conditions that create hazards
and insights into how they can be controlled.

• Identify and evaluate options for controlling hazards, using a “hierarchy of controls.”

• Use a hazard control plan to guide the selection and implementation of controls, and implement
controls according to the plan.

• Develop plans with measures to protect workers during emergencies and non-routine activities.

• Evaluate the effectiveness of existing controls to determine whether they continue to provide
protection, or whether different controls may be more effective. Review new technologies for
their potential to be more protective, more reliable, or less costly.
How to accomplish it

• Eliminate or control all serious hazards (hazards that are causing or are likely to cause death or
serious physical harm) immediately.

• Use interim controls while developing and implementing longer-term solutions.

• Select controls according to a hierarchy that emphasizes engineering solutions (including

elimination or substitution) first, followed by safe work practices, administrative controls, and
finally PPE.

• Avoid selecting controls that may directly or indirectly introduce new hazards. Examples
include exhausting contaminated air into occupied work spaces or using hearing protection that
makes it difficult to hear backup alarms.

• Review and discuss control options with workers to ensure that controls are feasible and
effective.

• Use a combination of control options when no single method fully protects workers.

Develop and update a hazard control plan

A hazard control plan describes how the selected controls will be implemented. An effective plan
will address serious hazards first. Interim controls may be necessary, but the overall goal is to
ensure effective long-term control of hazards. Control plans at a construction site may need to be
updated and modified often as the project develops and the site conditions and hazards change.
How to accomplish it

• List the hazards needing controls in order of priority.

• Assign responsibility for installing/ implementing the controls to a specific person or persons
with the power or ability to implement the controls.

• Establish a target completion date.

• Plan how to track progress toward completion.

• Plan how to verify the effectiveness of controls after they are installed or implemented.

 Increase productivity and enhance overall business operations

OSHA

The Department of Industrial Relations (DIR) protects and improves the health, safety, and
economic well-being of over 20 million wage earners and helps their employers comply with
state labor laws. DIR is housed within the Labor & Workforce Development Agency.

The Department of Industrial Relations (DIR) was established after the rapid industrialization. Its
mission is to improve working conditions for wage earners and to advance opportunities for
profitable employment. DIR administers and enforces laws governing wages, hours and breaks,
overtime, workplace safety and health, apprenticeship training programs, and medical care and
other benefits for injured workers. DIR also publishes materials and holds workshops and
seminars to promote healthy employment relations, conducts research to improve its programs,
and coordinates with other agencies to target egregious violators of labor laws and tax laws in the
underground economy.

Young Workers' Program

Each year, teens enter the workforce through summer jobs or part-time employment. However,
many teens are unaware of their employment rights and the possible hazards that they can
encounter in the workplace. The Department of Industrial Relations (DIR) and the Commission
on Health and Safety and Workers' Compensation (CHSWC) recognize these dangers and are
dedicated to ensuring that ALL teens have a healthy and positive work experience. DIR and
CHSWC are committed to providing necessary education and resources about health and safety
requirements including employment rights so that teens can be safe in the workplace. It is critical
that new entrants into the labor force learn good and safe habits early on so that they can use
safety practices throughout their career in order to minimize potential wage loss and lost work
time, and avoid potential permanent physical impairment and the damage to their dreams and
career expectations. Safety Is the Best Policy! Spread the word!
In addition to the traditional resources, voluntary organizations can form  partnerships with key
government agencies and statewide organizations representing educators, employers and parents
to effectively protect young workers from being injured in the workplace. DIR collaborates with
these partners to sponsor workshops, career fairs, and contests. These events are organized by
youth and are designed to encourage teens to take an active role in learning about health and
safety requirements including employment rights. These lessons learned will be the stepping
stone that can benefit teens throughout their lifetime.
Resources for Women in the Workforce
Resources available through the Department of Industrial Relations (DIR), as well as other
resources relevant to women working.
Employers are required to have an effective written Injury and Illness Prevention Program
(IIPP). The benefits of an effective IIPP include improved workplace safety and health, better
morale, increased productivity, and reduced costs of doing business.
Preventing and Reducing Costly Injuries and Illnesses
An effective IIPP can reduce or prevent costly injuries and illness in workplace. Besides the
trauma to the workplace of experiencing an employee injury or illness there are effects on the
injured employee(s) and their families. Injured employees may experience pain and suffering,
lose their salary, and miss opportunities for future job advancement.
Also, injuries and illness increase the cost of doing business. These direct costs to the workplace
can include medical treatment, higher worker's compensation insurance premiums, indemnity,
and litigation.
On average, costs per injury can add up to more than $50,000.00 for a back injury, $62,000.00
for a slip and fall injury, and $40,000.00 for a Repetitive Motion Injury. These costs do not
include additional indirect costs associated with injuries and illnesses such as lost productivity,
re-training, hiring new employees, administrative time, repair and replacement of equipment, etc.

What an IIPP Is and How It Works

The Injury and Illness Prevention Program (IIPP) is a basic written workplace safety program.
Every employer has to develop and implement an effective IIPP. An effective IIPP improves the
safety and health in the workplace and reduces costs by good management and employee
involvement. The 8 required Injury and Illness Prevention Program elements are:

1. Responsibility
2. Compliance
3. Communication
4. Hazard Assessment
5. Accident/Exposure Investigation
6. Hazard Correction
7. Training and Instruction
8. Record keeping
To be effective your IIPP must:

 Fully involve all employees, supervisors, and management

 Identify the specific workplace hazards employees are exposed to
 Correct identified hazards in an appropriate and timely manner
 Provide effective training
 Remember, how well you actually put into practice your IIPP in the workplace is
what will determine how effective it is. It must regularly review and update the IIPP
in order for it to remain effective
Regulations Related to the IIPP
Depending on the type of business, there may be additional requirements related to your IIPP.
Examples include:

 Petroleum – Industry
 Ship Building, Repair and Breaking
o IIPP requirements for construction. For Construction,
o "Every employer shall establish, put into place, and maintain an effective Injury
and Illness Prevention Program”
o Every employer shall adopt a written Code of Safe Practices which relates to the
employer's operations.
o "Supervisory employees shall conduct Toolbox or Tailgate safety meetings, or
equivalent, with their crews at least every 10 working days to emphasize safety"
Additional Regulations
Their are a number of important regulations on workplace safety and health. The specific
requirements that apply to the workplace depend on the types of work activities that employees
are actually performing and the specific hazards they may be exposed to. The regulations that are
relevant to the workplace and employees should be applied.
About Partnership Programs

The Division of Occupational Safety and Health has long recognized its limitations in improving
occupational safety and health in industry. Safety and health standards, no matter how carefully
conceived and crafted, will never address all work activities and conditions. Available resources
are insufficient to conduct regular or exhaustive inspections of all the state's workplaces.
However, the Division has long since recognized the potential for improving workplace safety
and health when industry, labor and OSHA work together in a cooperative manner.
This Division is first in the nation to develop a program that relies on industry, labor and OSHA
to work as partners in encouraging and recognizing workplace safety and health programs that
effectively prevent and control injuries and illnesses to workers. Currently, the Division offers
four different structured partnership programs, and is always interested in developing special
alliances between industry, labor, and OSHA.
Benefits

Participation in one of the Division's partnership programs will provide the following benefits.

 Lower worker's compensation costs

 Reduction in injuries and illnesses
 Improvement in employee motivation
 Higher quality and productivity
 Community recognition as a leader
 Statewide recognition from their industry and government as a quality employer
 Increased job referrals and bid acceptance

The International Labor Organization (ILO) was founded in 1919, became the first
specialized agency of the United Nations in 1946 with the most important task of development,
promotion and monitoring of International Labor standards. The main subject areas contained in
the 8 core labor standards of ILO are freedom of association, right to organize, collective
bargaining, abolition of forced labor, minimum wage for employment, abolition of child labor,
work place discrimination and equal pay for men & women for equal work.

ILO made it very clear that the Government is required to hold consultations with the employers
and workers organization to establish effective co ordination to formulate the policies procedures
for implementing Occupational safety & health rules & regulations by the respective
Governments of the member countries.

Main areas of action as advised by the ILO to prevent Occupational accidents and diseases and to
continuously improve the working environment are:
1) Controlling the material elements of work
2) Adapting the working environment to the workers Physical and mental capacities
3) Providing adequate training to persons involved
4) Communication and co operation
5) Protection of workers and their representatives

Adopting to the work place environment and prevention of Occupational safety health problems
can be achieved through proper design, installation, maintenance of the equipment and
machinery and proper control of the ambient temperature, ventilation and lighting of the work
place. According to the National policy suggested by ILO the member country should make
provision for OSH related trainings at all levels to facilitate acquisition of and maintenance of
knowledge and skills necessary to operate a National OSH system.

Communication and co operation are very essential between the employers and the employees to
successfully implement OSH systems. There should also be central body for consultation of
organizations of employees and workers and their participation in policy and development
review of the OSH systems from time to time.

In Industrially and economically developed countries such as Australia, Canada and other
countries proposals concerning OSH are exchanged between different provincial and state
jurisdictions of the countries to achieve better harmonization of OSH laws and regulations.
Some countries like Sweden have created National body of Occupational safety and health to
achieve better co operation co ordination and consultation to attain excellent results in
development and implementation of OSH systems.

Consultation: In practice many countries provide for consultation on a continuous basis with
organizations of employers and workers for formulating, implementing and reviewing the
National OSH policy and facilitate development of appropriate legislation and infrastructure to
administer the National OSH systems.

Implementation of OSH at the National level: Many countries of the world have adapted the
provisions made by ILO related to OSH together with labor codes or factories acts. Other
countries have made special legislations for OSH. 19 countries have developed integrated
regulatory OSH frameworks.

OSH is an area where guidelines, codes of practice and technical standards play a very important
role.
Technical standards complement legislative measures and are developed through collaborative
mechanism at the National or International level based on knowledge and experience of
government, employers and workers plus experts in the field. Labor inspectors are empowered
to inspect the works and enforce the legal provisions relating to working conditions and
protections of workers, as part of the OSH systems. In several countries of the world labor
inspectorates are being restructured to improve efforts in achieving improvement in OSHA
initiatives and actions.

As noted in general survey on labor inspections more responsibility is taken on the Occupational
Safety & Health for identifying and evaluating Occupational hazards and improving the work
place OSH systems. OSH systems also suggested conducting voluntary safety audits and
inspections with a view to identify and reduce unsafe conditions and prevent accidents.
Guidance and information on OSH: The governments will provide guidance and information on
OSH including technical and scientific principles to the employers and workers to prevent
workers exposure to hazards and risks.

During 2006-2007 department of labor carried out 3,378 information and education visits and
seminars for New Zealand businesses and their employees. The department cooperates with
other injury prevention agencies on prevention and education strategies as part of OSH systems.
Efforts to provide guidance, information, education and enhance awareness of OSH have sturdily
increased over the past 25 years and helped achieving better knowledge of OSH legislation.
In the USA OSHA is the focal point for the regulatory and technical OSH information. National
Institute for Occupational safety & health which conducts research and recommends for
preventing work related diseases and injuries has proposed 55 laws over the last 50 years in USA
and OSHA has implemented and regulated all the above laws successfully.

Most of the National Institutions involved in OSH regulation have, built up substantial libraries
of OSH related books and laws.

European agency for OSH: EU-OSHA’s mission is to make work places safer and healthier and
more productive. The main safety and health information network is operated by each member
state and shared by the EU which communicates and shares the data with other states.
EU member states operate several magazines and share information on Occupational Safety and
Health issues with all the states to improve their knowledge and efficiency.
ILO was a pioneer in starting International Occupational safety and health information center in
1959 and grown to global network of 150 nations covering all continents and furnishing all OSH
information.

It is recognized that OSH education and training are essential not only to the Industries but also
to the societies to improve their knowledge and awareness. Industries and the societies should
understand and believe in preventive safety and health culture and built upon and maintain it
through education, training and raising awareness. Even in African countries OSH education
and training are provided to employers, supervisors and workers to achieve reduction in
accidents and Occupational diseases.

Some EU countries OSH issues and trainings are included in the educational systems in the
schools and colleges to improve the awareness of the public and the Industries employees to
reduce the accidents and improve OSH systems.

OSHA division of ILO have articulated some provisions of identification, assessment, control,
review and progressive actions toward improvement are part of the management of Occupational
hazards. In a number of developing countries, efforts have been made and continue to extend
their coverage progressively due to presence of multi nationals which will improve of OSH
presence. The increase in number of goods and machinery imported improved the global
awareness of OSH in those countries.

Use of chemicals in the industries has become an integral part of life in the society. These
chemicals if not used and handled properly can cause Occupational safety and health hazards.
It is the duty and responsibility of the employers or the government members to initiate
preventive actions and systems to control the unsafe situations and conditions to protect the lives
of the employees and people.

32 million organic and inorganic substances are in use in the world. OSHA is fully equipped
with the knowledge of the hazards and methods controlling them totally.

It is essential for OSHA to train and develop the work force and systems to effectively to prevent
all accidents and health hazards carefully. It is very important for the OSHA for introducing a
system of record keeping, notification and statistics of accidents, safety and health problems to
prepare the budgets generate periodical reports and conduct review meetings.
Knowledge and risk assessments: The continues need for adaptation to technological progress
makes it necessary to establish specialists in OSH areas like risk assessment, equipment testing,
certification etc. For OSH it is essential to have the specialist mentioned above to develop reports
and suitable actions. It is advisable for the Industries to look for specialists in the locally
available Institutions, colleges and Universities for the required talent pool.

The exponential growth of trade and advances in technology have resulted in major efforts
needed to regulate, standardize and harmonize materials machines and processes to ensure
uninterrupted, safe and reliability of production systems respond to global pressures to address
OHS concerns.

In technologically advanced countries, experts from governmental agencies contribute to the

development of National, regional and International standards. The development and provision
of information on the correct use of chemical substances and products and on their hazards are a
daunting task, which request cooperation between governments and Industries to assess the
hazardous properties of chemicals and develop the relevant safety and health regulations. The
chemicals are classified based on the toxicity, corrosive property and labeled by chemical safety
data sheets.

It is the duty and responsibility of the employers and the rights and duties of workers, as well as
the cooperation and collaboration required to ensure the safe and healthy working environment
and to take measures to provide OHS services and advice.

In India the employer must prepare and review periodically adequate plans and procedures to be
followed in the event of emergency or serious and imminent danger as per OSHA regulations.
The resources needed to comply with OSH regulations at the work place may be considerable in
some cases. There is a need for legislation to enable employers to pool up resources to meet
OSH requirements.

Introduction:
It is the Goal & Mission of AP OSHA to reduce occupational hazards and improve the safety of
the people working in various industries with the efforts and cooperation of employers
employees, safety and health professionals. It is also aims at improving the health standards and
safe practices for considerable reduction in work place injuries and illness. In this context it is
planned to interact with employers, employees and organizations involved in the promotion of
health & safety to achieve remarkable reduction in occupational injuries and Health issues
through conducting awareness programs, safety training, skill development programmes to the
employees. It also will undertake safety inspection, safety audits, hazard identification & risk
assessments. Study and suggest safety solution by improving plans layout, modifications and
feasible changes.
AP OSHA provides industrial safety services for preparing onsite and offsite emergency plans,
and train the employees and help in conducting mock drills to improve their readiness to meet
any emergency.

Special training will be provided on request in the following topics:-

 Confined space entry & Work.
 Chemicals handling, storage & Transportation.
 Permit to work system.
 Training in handling of highly toxic, corrosive and flammable materials
 Safety in plant maintenance & overhauls
 Training in safety in plant & Machinery erection, including ODC (Over dimensional
Consignments)
 To improve safety in working at heights.
 Safe conductance of different tests like Hydro test, pneumatic test and NDT Test.
 AP OSHA undertakes process safety management(PSM) systems
 Training of employees on behavioral safety and improvement of team work, building
mutual trust and morale which results in the following benefits.
The benefits that follow on account of the above training and orientation programs
1. Reduction in accidents
2. Reduction in absenteeism
3. Better cooperation among all employees
4. Better production and output
5. Helps improving better understanding and team work.
6. Improves quality and productivity
7. Overall development on the shop floor and process plants
8. Better participation in the safety schemes and use of personal protective equipment.