DESIGN OF COMBINED FOOTING

TRAPEZOIDAL COMBINED FOOTING:

When to use a trapezoidal combined footing?
 Use a trapezoidal footing when the load of the EXTERIOR COLUMN is GREATER THAN that of the interior column.
(Exterior column is the column near the PROPERTY line.)
Exterior Interior
Column Column Interior Exterior

!" #!$% &'#

Column Column
!" #!$% &'#

Property Line is on the right side

Property Line is on the left side

NOTE: The resultant of column loads must be located at the centroid of the footing.
Where is the centroid of a trapezoid?

ℎ ℎ ,

1
) 2
2

( )
!

̅
!

PREPARED BY: ENGR. JAEUS M. SEGUNDO

 DESIGN OF COMBINED FOOTING

Varignon’s theorem:
1 1
̅ + , * + ,
2 2 2 3
.
1 1 1 1
+ * , . .
/ * 0
2 2 3 2 3 3 3
̅
1
2

2
̅
3

PROBLEM: DESIGN OF A TRAPEZOIDAL FOOTING SUPPORTING ONE EXTERIOR AND ONE INTERIOR COLUMN

An exterior column (600mmx600mm) with DL = 1210kN and LL =955 kN and an interior column (600x500) with D =
810kN and 780 kN are to be supported by a combined footing whose outer end is 0.40m from the center of the exterior
column. The center to center distance between the columns is 5.5m and the allowable soil bearing pressure of the soil is
280 kPa. The bottom of the footing is 1.80m below grade and a surcharge of 7kPa is specified on the surface. Design the
footing using fc’=28Mpa, fy = 415 MPa and 123 4 18.50 kN/m3.

SOLUTION:
0.40m 5.50m 0.25m

PDL=1210 kN R=3755 kN PDL=810 kN

PLL=955 kN PLL=780 kN

Property line ̅

A. PROPORTIONING OF FOOTING
For the length:
ℎ, 0.40 5.50 0.25 6.15:

1 1
* 1 1@ ABC D * 280 * 23.60 18.50 1.80 * 7 235.11 G
;<<=3> ;
2 ? 2

;<<=3> 1
2
2 3755
235.11 ; 5.152015323:
6.15

I 5.30:

PREPARED BY: ENGR. JAEUS M. SEGUNDO

 DESIGN OF COMBINED FOOTING

1210 955 2165G'

( 810 780 1590G'
! 1590 2165 3755 G'
KL @ N N OP 0
0.40 ( 0.40 5.50 ! ̅
2165 0.40 1590 5.90 3755 ̅
̅ 2.7289:

2
̅
3

6.15 2
2.7289
3

6.15
2.7289
3

6.15 5.30
2.7289 ; 1.7552:
3 5.30
3.5448 :

∴I 1.7552:, 3.5448 : 6.15:

B. STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF FOOTING:

R 1.20B 1.60 1.20 1210 1.60 955 2980G'
R( 1.20B 1.60 1.20 810 1.60 780 2220G'
RS3 ;4 2220 2980 5200 G'

R 5200
T. ! 1.3848
3755

3755
230.4034361 G'/:.
1 1
2 2 6.15 5.30

; 230.4034361 1.7552 404.402 G'/:

V 230.4034361 3.5448 816.736 G'/:

816.736 * 404.402 G'

P N 67.04616719 /:
6.15 :

PREPARED BY: ENGR. JAEUS M. SEGUNDO

 DESIGN OF COMBINED FOOTING

LOAD, SHEAR and MOMENT DIAGRAM:

2165 G' ( 1590 G'

; 404.402 G'/:

V 816.736 G'/:
1486.804272

321.3307345

*103.1957281

1843.669265

64.62372647
12.81216632

2255.616768

PREPARED BY: ENGR. JAEUS M. SEGUNDO

 DESIGN OF COMBINED FOOTING

> O
O * *
; O *
*

> *
> * *+ ,
*
* O
> *+ ,

* 3.5448 * 1.7552
3.5448 * + ,
>
6.15

> 3.5448 * 0.29099465

2165 G'

* 0.40

816.736 67.04616719

816.736 1
67.04616719 33.52308359 .
2
1
3

0.50

Wℎ # I :
XY *33.52308359 .
816.736 * 2165

L :
: # I
1
LY 816.736 0.50 * 33.52308359 . + , * 2165 * 0.40
3
LY *11.1743612 Z 408.3680349 . * 2165 866

PREPARED BY: ENGR. JAEUS M. SEGUNDO

 DESIGN OF COMBINED FOOTING

BEAM SHEAR:
The critical section is also at a distance “d” from the face of the column.

( 5.65 *

0.70

Face of the column

X(

X
Face of the column

Shear at a distance “d”

from the face of
INTERIOR COLUMN
Shear at a distance “d”
from the face of
EXTERIOR COLUMN

XY *33.52308359 .
816.736 * 2165

@# [ PI: : 0.70

X * *33.52308359 0.70 .
816.736 0.70 * 2165
X 33.52308359 * 769.8037528
.
1609.711062

XR T. ! X 1.3848 33.52308359 . * 769.8037528 1609.711062

XR 46.42344466 * 1066.039817
.
2229.160459

X?\ ]X ] 0.17 ^_ ) ` >

> 3.5448 * 0.29099465
> 3.341112293 * 0.29099465

X?\ ]X 0.75 0.17 1 A√28D 1000 3.341112293 * 0.29099465

*196.3243664 . 2254.136819

XR X?\
46.42344466 .
* 1066.039817 2229.160459 *196.3243664 . 2254.136819
242.7478111 * 3320.176636
.
2229.160459 0
0.708052459:

PREPARED BY: ENGR. JAEUS M. SEGUNDO

 DESIGN OF COMBINED FOOTING

@& [ PI: : 5.65 *

X( *33.52308359 5.65 * . 816.736 5.65 * * 2165

X( *33.52308359 . * 437.9252252 1379.418158

XR( T. ! X( 1.3848 *33.52308359 . * 437.9252252 1379.418158

XR( *46.42344466 . * 606.4477153 1910.246185

1
X?\ ]X ] + , ^_ ) ` >
6
> 3.5448 * 0.29099465
> 1.900688777 0.29099465

1
X?\ ]X 0.75 + , 1 A√28D 1000 1.900688777 0.29099465
6
196.3243664 . 1282.331205

XR( X?\
*46.42344466 .
* 606.4477153 1910.246185 196.3243664 . 1282.331205
242.7478111 . 1888.77892 * 1910.246185 0
0.905895363:

∴)
0.905895363:
PUNCHING SHEAR:
For punching shear, the critical section is at a distance “d/2” from the face of the column.

R 2980 2220
319.0673416G
b 1 1
2 2 5.30 6.15

Check for the adequacy of 0.905895363:.

0.452947681:
2
0.40 0.30 0.4530 1.153:
EXTERIOR COLUMN:
3 2 1.153 1.5059 3.8119:
c3 1.5059 1.153 1.7363:.
R 2980 G' 0.60
XR. R * c
b 3
1.5059:
XR. 2980 * 319.0673416 1.7363 2662.532209 G'

1 1
X?. ]X ] ^_ ) ` 0.75 + , 1.0 A√28D 1000 3.8119 0.905895363 4568.000155 G'
3 3
3

PREPARED BY: ENGR. JAEUS M. SEGUNDO

 DESIGN OF COMBINED FOOTING

X?. d XR. ∴ Wce#‼!

EXTERIOR COLUMN:

0.50 0.4530 0.953: 3 2 0.953 1.5059 3.4119:

c3 0.953 1.5059 1.4351:.
R 2220 G'
XR. R * b c3
0.60 XR. 2220 * 319.0673416 1.4351 2024.522922 G'
1.5059:

1 1
X?. ]X ] ^_ ) ` 0.75 + , 1.0 A√28D 1000 3.4119 0.905895363 4088.645386 G'
3 3
3
X?. d XR. ∴ Wce#‼!

0.905895363:
1
Bh 905.8954 75 25 993.3953628::
2

TW# B? 1000::; 912.5::; B@ 0.8:

Check q actual:
3755
23.60 1 18.50 0.80 7 275.8034361 G i 280 G
;h b;4 1
2 5.30 6.15
∴ ‼!

∴ jkl m n. oppqr, s t. puuvr mwx y z. npr

FLEXURE:
A. Longitudinal Bars
 For trapezoidal footing, provide only top bars in longitudinal direction because positive moments are not that
significant like the combined rectangular footing.
 Since a trapezoid doesn’t have a fix width, it is easier to provide bars in terms of spacing rather than computing
the number of bars necessary to reinforce the footing.

PREPARED BY: ENGR. JAEUS M. SEGUNDO

 DESIGN OF COMBINED FOOTING

"&'$ "e {#!" W|#c!:

XY *33.52308359 . 816.736 * 2165 0
3.026841717:

LY *11.1743612 Z 408.3680349 . * 2165 866

L};> 2255.616768 G' * :

NOTE: It doesn't mean that the location of Mmax is where the most critical section is, take note that the width of the
footing is variable (it varies, not constant).
For example, at 3.026841717::
L 2255.616768 G' * :; LR 3123.623754 G' * :
> 2664.014::
912.50::
•
Lb ]~ .
• €1 * 0.59~ • ƒ„
h′

ℎ ~ I O PO 0.003903455

While at 3.45::
L 2201.509242 G' * :; LR 3048.694557G' * :
> 2540.877006::
912.50::
•
Lb ]~ .
• €1 * 0.59~ • ƒ„
h′

ℎ ~ I O PO 0.003997869

As you can see, the steel ratio requirement for Mmax is lesser than the steel ratio requirement at x=3.45m. This proves
that the width of the footing affects the critical section. Therefore, the critical section for trapezoidal footing is at where
the ratio of M/b is maximum.

x Mx bx M/b
3.026842 2255.617 2.664014 846.6986
3.1 2253.979 2.642725 852.8994
3.15 2250.983 2.628175 856.4811
3.2 2246.473 2.613626 859.5235
3.25 2240.457 2.599076 862.0208
3.3 2232.945 2.584526 863.9669
3.35 2223.944 2.569976 865.3558
3.4 2213.463 2.555427 866.1812
3.45 2201.509 2.540877 866.4368
3.5 2188.092 2.526327 866.1159
3.55 2173.22 2.511778 865.212

PREPARED BY: ENGR. JAEUS M. SEGUNDO

 DESIGN OF COMBINED FOOTING

L};>
I 866G' * : ≈ 870G' * :
:

LR N : 870 1.3848 1204.793609 G' * :

1000::; 912.5::

•
Lb ]~ .
• €1 * 0.59~ • ƒ„
h′

415
1204.793609 0.90~ 1000 912.5 .
415 €1 * 0.59~ + ,„ 10†‡
28
*2719558.651~. 310997.1094~ * 1204.793609 0
~ 0.004014931
4
~ 0.005353242
3
Check ~}
_ ) ` 1.40
?
4 O O
√28 1.40
?
4 415 415
0.003188 i 0.003373
4
~} 0.003373 i ~
3

∴~ 0.004014931

c2 0.004014931 1000 912.5 3663.624739 ::.

‰
4 25 1000
.
133.9858438::; ≈ 125::
3663.624739

∴ Š‹Œ•Žxl •qprr •ŒŠ sm‹k kŠm‘lx m• nqprr ’“ m”Œw• ”Œw•Ž•–xŽwm” xŽ‹l‘•ŽŒw

PREPARED BY: ENGR. JAEUS M. SEGUNDO

 DESIGN OF COMBINED FOOTING

B. TRANSVERSE DIRECTION
 At a distance “d/2” to “d” from the face of the column, provide ~}
2 912.50:: * 25:: 887.5::
0.75 2 665.625::

0.665625: 0.665625:

3.1474:
3.5448: 2.0944: 1.7552:

— ℎ G
:N I

1.365625: 1.165625:

B.1 At the external column:

1
887.5::; P 3.5448: 3.1474: 3.3461:; 1.365625:
2
2

R
1.3731:
1.3731:
R
3.3461 1.3656
652.1449 G'/:.
P 3.3461:

G'
652.1449
R
:.

1.3656:

1.3731
LR 652.1449 1.3656 1.3731 + , 839.5037 G' * :
2

•
Lb ]~ .
• €1 * 0.59~ • ƒ„
h′

415
839.5037 0.90~ 1365.625 887.5 .
415 €1 * 0.59~ + ,„ 10†‡
28
*3513183.75~. 401752.6853~ * 839.5037 0
~ 0.002129249

PREPARED BY: ENGR. JAEUS M. SEGUNDO

 DESIGN OF COMBINED FOOTING

4
~ 0.002838998
3
Check ~}
4
~} 0.003373 d ~
3
∴ ~ 0.003373
c2 0.003373 1365.625 887.5 4088.648343::.
4088.648343
‰ 9
25 .
4

B.2 At the interior column

1
887.5::; P 2.0944: 1.7552: 1.9248:; 1.1656:
2
2

R(
0.6624:
0.6624:
R(
1.9248 1.1656
G'
1.9248: 989.4902 .
:

G' 0.6624
989.4902 LR( 989.4902 1.9248 0.6624 + ,
R(
:. 2
1.1656: 253.0302 G'/:

•
Lb ]~ .
• €1 * 0.59~ • ƒ„
h′

415
253.0302 0.90~ 1165.6 887.5 .
415 €1 * 0.59~ + ,„ 10†‡
28
*2998667.137~. 342914.7634~ * 253.0302 0
~ 0.000742704
4
~ 0.000990272
3
Check ~}
4
~} 0.003373 d ~
3
∴ ~ 0.003373
c2 0.003373 1165.6 887.5 3489.853163 ::.
3489.853163
‰ 8
25 .
4

∴ Š‹Œ•Žxl ˜ Š‘k •qp sm‹k –wxl‹ •™l lš•l‹wm” ‘Œ”–rw mwx

v Š‘k •qp sm‹k –wxl‹ •™l Žw•l‹wm” ‘Œ”–rw m”Œw• •‹mwk•l‹kl xŽ‹l‘•ŽŒw

PREPARED BY: ENGR. JAEUS M. SEGUNDO

 DESIGN OF COMBINED FOOTING

B.3 Outside column zones:

 Just compute the spacing of shrinkage and temperature bars, 1000::, B? 1000::

~} 0.002
c2 0.002 1000 1000 2000::.
‰
1000 / 0 25 .
N ) , 4 245.4639:: ≈ 225::
2000

∴ Š‹Œ•Žxl •qprr kŠm‘lx @qqprr m”Œw• •™l •‹mwk•l‹kl xŽ‹l‘•ŽŒw

PROBLEM:
Design an appropriate footing for the following conditions:

N O

600G' 900G'
0.45: 0.50: ª« ª«

«« 800G' «« 1200G'

0.50: 0.50:
) ` 21 L Distance b/n column 5.8m O.C
O 415 L
5.50 G

γsoil =15.85 kN/m3

1.60:
qa =165 kPa

PREPARED BY: ENGR. JAEUS M. SEGUNDO