TERMS MATHEMATICS greater than or equal to n_o ,

the truth of P(k) implies the

1. Which of the following states truth of P( k+1). Then P(n) is
that x isan element of A? true for all n greater than or
ANS: x∈A equal to n_o .
2. Which of the following states ANS: Principle of Mathematical
that X is a suset of A? Induction
ANS: X⊆A 12. If S is a fnite set, then
3. Which odf the folloowing states the number of elements in S is a
that X is a proper subset of A? Unique number in N.
ANS: X⊂A ANS: Uniqueness Theorem
4. Describe the set {2k:k∈ N} 13. A set S is said to be ___ if
ANS: The set of all even natural there exists a bijection of N
numbers onto S.
ANS: Denumerable or countably
5. Describe the set {2k-1:k∈ N}
infinite .
ANS: The set of all odd natural
14. A set S is said to be ___ if
numbers
it is either finite or
6. Let A and B be sets, Then a _____
denumerable .
is a set f of ordered points in A
ANS: Countable
xB such that for each a∈ A there
15. A set S is said to be ___ if
exixts a unique b∈ B with (a,b)
it is not countable
∈f. ANS: Noncountable
Ans: Function from A to B. 16. If A is any set , then there
7. Let A and B be sets. Then a is no surjection of A onto the
function from A to B is a set of power set of all subsets of A.
ordered points in A xB such that ANS: CANTOR’S THEOREM
for each a∈A there exixts a 17. If s>0 and |x| < s, then the
unique b ∈ B with (a,b) ∈ f . The value of x is ______.
set A of first elements of a ANS: x=0
function f is called ? 18. Every nonempty set of real
ANS: Domain of f. numbers that has an upper bound
8. Let A and B be sets. Then a has a supremum in R.
function from A to B is a set of ANS: Completeness Property in R
ordered points in AxB such that 19. Let s be a nonempty subset
for each a ∈ A there exists a of R. If S is bounded above, then
unique b ∈ B with (a,b) ∈ f . The a number u is said to be a _____
set of all second elements f is of S if it satisfies the
called ? conditions ; (1) u is an upper
ANS: Range of f bound of S, and (2) if v is any
9. Every non empty subset of N has a upperbound of S, then u is lesser
least element : than or equal to v.
ANS: WELL – ORDERING PROPERTY OF ANS: Supremum
NATURAL NUMBERS. 20. Let s be a nonempty subset
10. Let S be a subset of N that of R. If S is bounded below, then
posseses the two properties : (1) a number w is said to be an _____
The Number 1∈ S, (2) For every k of S if it satisfies the
∈ N, if k ∈ S , then k+1 ∈ S. conditions ; (1) w is an lower
Then we have S = N. bound of S, and (2) if t is any
ANS: Principle of Mathematical lowerbound of S, then u is lesser
Induction than or equal to w.
11. Let n_o be an element of N ANS:Infimum
and let P(n) be a stateent for 21. If x is a real number , then
each natural numbe rn is greater there exixts a natural number n
than or egual to n_o . Suppose such that x is less than or
that (1) The statement P (n_o) greater than n.
is true . (2) For all k that is ANS: Archimedean Property

1
22. If x and y are any real
numbers such that x<y , then
there exixts a rational number r
such that x<r<y.
ANS: Density Theorem
23. If a and b are real numbers
satisfying a<b , then the set { x
& isin: R a< x< b} is caled a/ an
____.
ANS: Open Interval
24. If a and b are real numners
satifying a<b, then the set { x∈R
: a≤x≤ b } is called a /an
_______.
ANS: Closed Interval
25. If S is a subset of R that
contains at least two points and
has the property (1) if x and y
are elements of S and x < y< ,
then [x,y] is a subset of S, then
s is an interval .
ANS: Characterization Theorem
26. We say that a squence of
intervals I_n , where n is a
natural number, is ______ if I_n
is a subset of I_(n+1).
ANS: Nested
27. If I_n = [a_n, b_n] , where
n is a natural number, is nested
sequence of closed and bounded
intervals , then there exixts a
real number x such that x is an
element of I_n for alll natural
number n .
ANS: Nested Interval Property
28. A _______ is a function
definedon the set of natural
numbers whose range is contained
in th set of real numbers.
ANS: Sequence of Real Numbers
29. If b is a real number , the
sequence B: = (b,b,b…), all of
whose terms equal b Is
called____.
ANS: Constant Sequence
30. Let x_1 , x_2,…x_n be terms
of a sequence wherein we specify
the value of x_1 and give a
formula for obtaining x_(n+1)
from x_1, x_2 , … , x_n .
ANS: Recursive Sequence
31. For every ε > 0, there
exists a natural number K such
that for all n≥K , the terms n_n
satisfy |x_n - x| <ε .
ANS : Limit of a sequence .
2
32. Let X = (x_n) be a sequence
of real number and let X
converges to a real number x.
Which of the following Is false?
a. For every y > 0, there exixts
a natural number K such that
if n is greater than or equal
to K, then x-y <x_n < x+y
b. For every y > 0, there exixts
a natural number K such that
if n is greater than or equal
to K, then |x_n - x| is less
than y.
c. The number x is unique
d. The number x may not be
unique.
33. Let X = (xn) and Y = (yn) be
sequences of real numbers that
converge to x and y
respectively , and let c be a
real number. Which of the
following is false?
a. The sequence cX converge to
cx.
b. The sequence X+ Y converges to
x+y .
c. The sequence X/Y converges to
x/y
d. The sequence XY converge to xy
e. *The statement “ The sequence
X/Y converges to x/y” is true
only if Y does not coverge to
0. Note that if Y converges to
0, then x/y = x/0 = infinity
is not convergent .
34. Let X = (xn) and Y = (yn) be
convergent sequences of real
numbers. Which of the following
is false?
a. If xn is less than or equal to
yn for all natural number n,
then ;im (xn) is less than or
equal to lim (yn)
b. All of these are corect
c. Sequences X nd Y are bounded
d. If x_n is greater than or
equal to 0 for all natural
number n, then lim(xn) is
greater than or equal to 0.
35. Suppose that X = (xn) , Y =
(yn) and Z = (zn) are sequences
of real numbers such that xn ≤ yn
≤ ≤ zn for all natural number n
and that lim (xn) = lim (zn) .
Then Y = (yn) is convergent and
lim (xn) = lim (yn) =lim(zn).
ANS: Squeeze Theorem .
36. Let the sequence X = (xn)
converge to x. Which of the
following is false?
a. If |x| = lim (|xn|), then x=
lim (xn)
b. None of the other choices is
false .
c. If x = lim (xn) then √ X =
lim(√ xn )
d. If x = lim (xn) then |x| = lim
(|xn|).
 If x = lim (xn) , then |x|
= lim (|xn|).However , the
converse is not always
true. If |x| = lim(|xn|),
then it might not be the
case that x= lim (xn) . Dor
example, consider he
sequence xn = (-1)^n . |xn|
=(1) ^n =1 . Thus , the
limit of |xn| = 1 . However
, lim (xn)= does not exist
and thus , is not equal to
x.
37. Let X = (xn) be a sequence
of real numbers . Which of the
following is true ?
a. X is decreasing if x_n ≥
x_(n+1)
b. X is increasing if x_n ≤ x _
(n+1)
c. All of these are correct.
d. X s monotone if it is either
increasing or decreasing .
38. A monotone sequence of real
numbers is convergent if and only
if it is bounded .
Ans: Monotone Convergence Theorem
. a. All of the given statements
39. If X = (xn) is a bounded
increasing sequence , then the
lim (xn) is _____.
Ans: Sup (xn)
40. If X = (xn) is a bounded
decreasing sequence , then the
lim (xn) is _____.
Ans: Inf (xn)
41. Which of the following
statements is false?
a. If a sequence X = (xn) of real
numbers is bounded , then all
of its subsequences will be
bounded.
b. If a sequence X = (xn) of real
numbers does not converge to a
real number x, then there is
at leat one subsequence fo X
that will not converge to x.
3
c. If a sequence X = (xn) of real
numbersconverges to a real
number x, then any subsequence
of X also converges to X.
d. If a sequence X (xn) of real
number is bounded , then there
is at least one subsequence of
X that will be unbounded.
*If a sequence X = (xn) is
bounded , then all of its
subsequences must be bounded . If
one of the subsequences of X is
unbounded , then X itself is
unbounded.
42. Which of the following is
not a critrion for the divergence
of a sequence X = (xn) ?
ANS: X is bounded.
43. If X = (xn) is a sequence of
real numbers, then there is a
subsequence of X that is
monotone.
ANS: Monotone Subsequence Theorem
44. A bounded sequence of real
numbers has a convergent
subsequence.
ANS: Bolzano – Weiestrass Theorem
45. A sequence X = (xn) of real
numbers is said to be a ___ if
for every ε > 0 there exixts a
natural number H such that for
all natural numers n , m ≥ H ,
the terms xn and xm satisfy |xn-
xm| <ε .
ANS: Cauchy Sequence
46. Which of the following
regarding series is false?
are true.
b. If lim (xn)= 0 , then the
series ∑xn converges.
c. If lim (xn) is not equal to
0 , then the series ∑xn
diverges.
d. If the series ∑xn converges,
then the lim (xn) = 0.
By the nth Term Test, if the
series ∑xn converges, then lim
(xn)= 0. However, the converse
is not always true. Note that
if lim(xn) = 0 , you can’t say
that the series ∑xn
converges . However , if we
take the contrpositive of the
nth Term Test , we can say
that if lim (xn) is non zero ,
 then the series ∑xn diverges .
This statement is true.
47. Which of the following
series diverges ?
a. ∑_(n=1)^ ∞ (1/n^4)
b. ∑_(n=1)^ ∞ (1/n^3)
c. ∑_(n=1)^ ∞ (1/n^2)
d. ∑_(n=1)^ ∞ (1/n)
According to the p – series
test , the series ∑_(n=1)^ ∞
(1/n^p) converges if p > 1 . If
not , then the series diverges.
48. Let X : =(xn) and Y : =(yn)
be real sequences and suppose
that for some natural number K ,
we have 0 ≤x_n≤y_n for n≥ K . (a)
Then the convergence ∑yn implies
the convergence of ∑xn. (b) The
divergence of ∑xn implies the
divergence of ∑yn.
ANS: Comparison Test
49. The series ∑_(n=1)^
(1/n^p) converges if p > 1 . If not
, then the series diverges.
ANS: P- Seies Test
50. Suppose that X : =(xn) and
Y:=(yn) are strictly positive
sequences and suppose that the
following limit exists in R : r =
lim (xn/yn) . (a.) If r is
nonzero , then ∑xn is convergent
if and only if ∑yn is
convergent . (b) If r= 0 and if ∑
yn is convergent , then ∑xn is
convergent .
ANS: Limit Comparison Test .
51. Let ∑xn be an absolutely
convergent series in R. Then any
rearrangement ∑yk of ∑xn
converges to the same value.
ANS: Rearrangement Theorem
52. Let X : =(xn) be a sequence
in R . We say that series ∑xn is
____ if the series ∑|xn| is
convergent in R.
ANS: Absolutely Convergent
53. Let X : =(xn) be a sequence
in R . We say that series ∑xn is
____ if the series is convergent,
but it is not absolutely
convergent .
ANS: Conditionally convergent or
nonabsolutely convergent.
54. Let X : =(xn) be a sequence
in R . If there exist a real
number r with r <1 and naatural
number K such that |xn| ^(a/n) is
less than or equal to r for all n
greater than or equal to K , then
the series ∑ xnis absolutely
convergent .
ANS : Root Test
55. Let X : (xn) be a sequence
in R. If there exist a natural
number K such that |xn| ^(1/n)I
greater than equal to 1 for all n
greater than or equal to K , then
the series ∑ xn is divergent
divergent .
ANS: Root Test
56. Let X : (xn)be a sequence of
non zero real numbers . If there
exist a real number r with 0<r<1
and natural number K such that |
x_(n+1)/xn| is less than or equal
to r for all n greater than or
equal to K, then the series ∑ xn
is absolutely convergent.
ANS: Ratio Test
∞
57. Let X : = (xn) be a sequence
of nonzero real numbers. If there
exist a natural number K such
that |x_(n+1)/xn| is greater than
or equal to 1 for all n greater
than or equal to K, then the
series ∑ xn is divergent .
ANS: Ratio Test
58. Let X : = (xn) be a sequence
of nonzero real numbers. If there
exist number a>1 and natural
number K such that |x_(n+1)/ xn|
is less than or equal to 1- (an)
for all n greater than or equal
to K, then ∑ xn is absolutely
convergent .
ANS: RAABE’S TEST
59. Let X : = (xn) be a sequence
of nonzero real numbers. If there
exist numbers that is less than
or equal to 1 and natural number
K that | x_(n+1) /xn | is greater
than or equal to 1- (a/n) for all
n greater than or equal to K,
then ∑ xn is not absolutely
convergent
ANS: RAABE’S TEST
60. Let (Mn) be a sequence of
positive real numbers such that |
fn(x)| is less than or equal to M
for all x ∈ N. If the series ∑
fn is uniformly convergent on D.
ANS: WEIESTRASS M- TEST
61. A srie s of real functions
∑ fn is said to be a _____ around
4
 x= c if the function fn has the
form fn(x) = an (x-c)^n, where a
and c are real numbers and where
n= 0,1,2 ……
ANS: POWER SERIES
62. If R is the radius
convergence of the power series ∑
an x^n , then he series is
absolutely convergent if |x| < R
and is divergent if |x| > R.
ANS: CAUCHY –HADAMARD THEOREM
63. If ∑ an x^n and ∑bn x^n
converge on some interval (-r,r)
r>0, to the same function f, then
an = bn for all natural number
n .
ANS: UNIQUENESS THEOREM
64. Let A⊆ R, A point c ∈ R is
a ______ of A if for every δ > 0
there exist at least one point x
∈ A, x ≠ such that |x-c| < δ .
ANS: CLUSTER POINT
65. Let A⊆R, and let c be a
cluster point of A. For
function f: A→R , a real number
L is said to be a limit of f at c
if and only if for every ε >0,
thee exists δ >0 such that if x∈A
and 0<|x-c| <δ , then |f(x)-L| <ε .
ANS: EXISTENCE OF THE LIMIT OF A
FUNCTION
66. Let f: A→R and let c be a
cluster point of A. Then the
following are equivalent : (i)
the limit of f as x approaches c
is L. (ii) For every sequence
(xn) in A that converges to c
such that xn is not equal to c
for all natural number n, the
sequence (f(xn)) converges to L.
ANS:SEQUENTIAL CRITERION FOR
LIMITS
67. Let A⊆R , let f: A→R, and
let c ∈A. We say that f is
continuous c if , given any
number ε >0, there exists δ >0 such
that if x is any oint
satisfying |x-c| <δ , then |f(x)-
f(c)| <ε .
ANS: TEST FOR CONTINUIY OF THE
FUNCTION
68. A function f:A→R
contnuous at the point c ∈ A if
and only if for every sequence
(xn) in A that converges to c,
the sequence (f(xn)) converges to
f(c ).
ANS : SEQUENTIAL CRITERION FOR
CONTINUITY
69. Let I:[a,b]be a closed
bounded interval and let f: I →R
be continuous on I. Then f is
of bounded on I.
ANS: BOUNDEDNESS THEOREM
CONTINUITY.
70. Let A ⊆ R and let f:A →R.
We say that f has a/an ___ on A
if there is a point x^* ∈ A
such that f(x^*)≥ f(x) for all x
in A.
ANS: ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM
71. Let A ⊆ R and let f:A →R.
We say that f has a/an ___ on A
if there is a point x^* ∈ A
such that f(x^*)≤f(x) for all x
in A.
ANS : ABSOLUTE MINIMUM
72. Let I : [a,b] b a closed
bounded interval and let f: I→R
be continuous on I. Then f has an
a absolute maximum and an absolute
minimum on I
ANS: MAXIMUM – MINIMUM THEOREM
73. Let I : [a,b] and let f : I
→R be continuos on I. If f(a) ,
0,f(b), or if f(a)>0>f(b),then
there exists a number c∈ (a,b)
such that f(c)=0.
ANS: LOCATION OF ROOTS
74. Let I : [a,b] and let f : I
→R be continuos on I.If a,b∈I
and if k ∈R satisfies f(a)
<k<f(b), then there exists a
point c∈I between a and b such
that f(c) = k.
ANS: BOLZANO’S INTERMEDIATE VALUE
THEOREM.
75. Let I be an interval and let
f:I→R be contnuous on I. Then
the set f(I) is an interval.
ANS:PRESERVATION OF INTERVALS
THEOREM .
76. A function f is uniformly
A continuous on the interval (a,b)
if and only if it can be defined
at the endpoints a and b such
that the extended function is
continuous on [a,b].
is ANS: CONTINUOUS EXTENSION THEOREM
.
77. Let I=[a,b] and let f:I→R
be continuous function . If ε >0
is given, then there exists a
5
 polynomial function p such that |
f(x) –p(x)| <ε for all x∈ I .
ANS: WEIERSTRASS APPROXIMATION
THEOREM .
78. Let I ⊆R be an interval ,
let f: I→R, and let c∈I . We say
that a real number L is the
derivative of f at c if given any
ε >0 there exists δ >0 such that
if x∈ I satisfies 0<|x-c|<δ then
|((f(x)-f(c))/(x-c))-L|<ε .
ANS: DEFINITION OF DERIVATIVE
79. Let I⊆R be an interval , let
f: I→R, and let c∈I. If ___,
then f’(c) = lim of ((f(x)-f(c))/
(x-c)) as x approaches c.
ANS: F IS DIFFERENTIABLE AT C.
80. Let f be defined on an
interval I containing the point
c. Then f is differentiable at c
if and only if there exists a
function φ on I that is
continuous at c and satisfies
f(x)-f(c) =f(x)-f(c)= φ (x)(x-c)
for x ϵ I. In this case we have φ
(c) = f’(c).
ANS: CARATHEODORY’S THEOREM
81. Let I, J be intervals in R,
let g:I→ Rand f:J→R be
functions such that fJ⊆I and let
c∈J. If f is differentiable at c
and if g is differentiable at
f(c) , then the composite
function gf is differentiable at
c and gf’c=g’fc.f’c.
ANS: CHAIN RULE
82. We say that f has a/an ____
at c∈I if it has either a
relative maximum or relative
minimum at c.
ANS: RELATIVE EXTREMUM
83. Let c be an interior point
of the interval I at which f:I→R
has a relative extremum . If the
derivative of f at c exists, then
f^’(c) =0
ANS: INTERIOR EXTREMUM THEOREM
84. Suppose that f is continuous
on a closed interval I:= [a,b]
that the derivative of f’ exists
at every point of the open
interval (a,b)and that f(a) =f(b)
=0 . Then there exists at least
one point c in (a,b) such that
f’(c) =0.
ANS: ROLLE’S THEOREM .
6
85. Suppose that f is continuous
on a closed interval I:= [a,b]
that the derivative of f’ exists
at every point of the open
interval (a,b).Then there exists
at least one point c in (a,b)
such that f(b) –f(a) =f’(c) (b-
a).
ANS: MEAN VALUE THEOREM
86. Let f be continuous on the
interval I:=[a,b] and let c be an
interior point of I. Assume that
f is differentiable on (a,c) and
(c,b). Then if there is a
neighborhood (c-δ ,c+δ ¿ ⊆ I such
that f’(x)≥0 for c-δ <x<c + δ ,
then f has a relative maximum at
c.
ANS: FIRST DERIVATIVE TEST FOR
EXTREMA
87. Let f be continuous on the
interval I:=[a,b] and let c be an
interior point of I. Assume that
f is differentiable on (a,c) and
(c,b). Then if there is a
neighborhood (c-δ ,c+δ ¿ ⊆ I such
that f’(x)≤0 for c-δ <x<c + δ ,
then f has a relative minimum at
c.
ANS: FIRST DERIVATIVE TEST FOR
EXTREMA .
88. Let -∞ ≤a<b≤ ∞ and let f, g
be differentiable on (a,b) such
that g’(x) ≠ () for all x ∈ (a,b)
.Suppose that the limt of f(x) as
x approaches a+ and the limit of
g(x) as x approaches a+ are both
equal to infinity. If the limit
of f’(x)/g’(x) as x approaches a+
Is a real numbe r L, then the
limit of f(x)/g(x) as x
approaches a+ is also equal to
the real number L.
ANS: L’HOSPITAL’S RULE II.
89. If I := [a,b] is a closed
bounded interval in R then a
______ of I is a finite , ordered
set P :=(x0, x1 ,……. xn-1 , xn ) of
points in I such that a= x0 < x1 …
xn-1 < xn = b.
ANS: PARTITION
90. If is a tagged partition ,
we define the ___ of function f:
[a,b] → R corresponding to P to
be the number S(f:P):=
n
∑ ∫ (t i)( x i−x i−1)
i=1
 ANS: RIEMANN SUM z

91. A function f:[a,b]→ R is defined by . F(z) =∫ f f or z ∈

a
said to be __ on [a,b] if there
[a,b] , is called the____ of f.
exists a real number L such hat
ANS: INDEFINITE INTEGRAL
for every ε >0 there exists δ >0
99. Whch of the following
such that if P is any tagged
regarding the integrability of
partition of [a,b] with ||P|| <δ
function is false ?
then |S( ∫ :P)-L|<ε . a. Suppose that f is Riemann
ANS: RIEMANN INTEGRABLE integrable in [a,b] and k is a
92. Given a partition P . The real number , then kf is
___ of P is length of the Riemann integrable in [a,b]
larfgest sbinterval into which b. Suppose that f and g are
the partition divides [a,b] . It Riemann integrable in
is denoted by ||P||. [a,b] /.IF f(x) ≤ g(x)for all
ANS: MESH OR NORM b b
93. If a function f is Riemann
integrable on [a,b] , then f is
x in [a,b] then ∫ f ≤∫ g
a a
bounded on [a,b]. c. Suppose that f and g are
ANS: BOUNDEDNESS THEOREM FOR Riemann integrable in[a,b] ,
INTEGRALS . then the function f+g is also
94. Let f:[a,b] →R and let c be Riemann integrable in [a,b]
in (a,b) . then the function f is d. None of these choices ae false
Riemann integrable of [a,b] if 100. Which of the following is
and only if its restrictions to fasle
[a,c] and [c,b] are both Riemann a. If f is monotone in [a,b] ,
integrable. In this case then f is Riemann integrable
b c b on [a,b]
∫ f =∫ f +∫ f b. If f is Riemann integrable on
a a c [a,b] , then f is continuos on
ANS: ADDITIVITY THEOREM [a,b].
95. Suppose there is a finite c. If f is continuous on[a,b] ,
set in[a,b] and functions f, F: then f is Riemann integrable
[a,b] → R such that : (a) F is on [a,b].
continuous on [a,b] , (b)F’ (x) d. If f is Riemann integrable in
=f(x) for all x in [a,b] except [a,b], then f is bounded on
possibly at E , (c) if is Riemann [a,b] .
integrable on [a,b] . Then we If f is continous on [a,b]
b then f is Riemann ntegrable on
have ∫ f =F (b)−F (a) [a,b] . However , the converse
a
is not always true. There are
ANS: FUNDAMENTAL THEOREM OF
functions that are Riemann
CALCULUS FIRST FORM
integrable , but are not
96. Let f be Riemann Integrable
continuous.
on[a,b] and let f be continuous
at apoint c in [a,b] . Then the
indefinite integral is
difefrentiable at c and F’(c) =
f(c).
ANS: FUNDAMENTAL THEOREM OF
CALCULUS FOURTH FORM
97. A function F that F’(x) =
f(x) for all x in [a,b].
ANS : PRIMITIVE OR ANTIDERIVATIVE
.
98. If F is Riemann Integrable
in [a,b] , then the function