. N is the number of RBs of the EUTRA carrier RSSI measurement bandwidth as shown in Figure  2.22.

RSRQ includes the loading of the non‐reference signal subcarriers, so it is a good measurement to
indicate the loading. There are five data subcarriers for every one reference signal subcarrier, which
means that if a lot of data are transmitted, the RSRQ will be low even if the received signal is of high
quality and there is little to no noise. RSSI increases about 5dB when RB activity increases to 100% in
a 10MHz cell. Typical working values of RSRQ are in the range from −3 dB (low/no interference) to
−18 dB (high load/high interference) shown in Table 2.5. Example: RSRP=−82dB, RSSI=−54dB, N=100
=> RSRQ=10lg100 + (−82)−(−54)=−8dB RSRQ tends to drop off rapidly at the cell edge or as the
serving cell load increases, which can make designing an appropriate level difficult. Typically, RSRQ
down to −11 dB can be strongly influenced by serving or inter‐cell interference, with no indication as
to which is the cause. Below −11 dB inter‐cell, external interference or thermal noise become
dominant

describes the importance of RF optimisation prior to parameter optimisation, i.e. parameter

optimisation will be relatively ineffective if antenna heights, azimuths and tilts are non-optimal. The
various types of antenna tilts are introduced in this chapter. There is also an introduction to
Automatic Cell Planning (ACP) tools which may be used to provide guidance upon optimal RF
configurations.

 an overview of typical issues experienced in live networks

 counters and KPI which can be used to quantify performance
 parameters associated with the topic
optimisation procedures which can be a

 an overview of typical issues experienced in live networks

 counters and KPI which can be used to quantify performance
 parameters associated with the topic
optimisation procedures which can be a1

References 5

2 Scope 6

3 Optimization Process 7

3.1 Identification and Understanding of KPI 7

3.2 Initial Checks 8

3.3 KPI Improvement 10

4 RF Optimization20

4.1 Antenna Tilt 20

4.2 Crossed feeders23

4.3 Feeder Loss Imbalance 27

4.4 Interference Checks 29

4.5 Automatic Cell Planning (ACP) 31

5 Feature Summary 33

6 Parameter Optimization42

6.1 Idle Mode Mobility Management 43

6.2 Random Access 57

6.3 Radio Admission Control 91

6.4 Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) 105

6.5 Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) 122

6.6 Downlink Power Control 130

6.7 Uplink Power Control 142

6.8 MIMO Mode Control 166

6.9 Downlink Throughput 173

6.10 Uplink Throughput 186

6.11 Interference Mitigation 202

6.12 RSRQ Mobility 217

6.13 Latency 226

6.14 Connection Setup Delay 234

6.15 Inactivity Timer 240

6.16 CS Fallback 245

6.17 VoLTE 253

6.18 Massive MIMO 275

7 Minimisation of Drive Testing 281

7.1 Introduction 281

7.2 Use Cases 282

8 Internet of Things (IoT) 283

8.1 Introduction 283

8.2 Guidelines 283