X 33º47’01” 2

Problem 1: Following is a series of 10 rod readings which were taken Y 54º38’23” 5

with a level under identical conditions. The day was calm or cloudy.
The instrument was set-up and the target rod was held on a point 600 Z 92º35’36” 7
ft away. Rod readings: 3.365, 3.366, 3.365, 3.363, 3.368, 3.366, 3.367,
3.364, 3.365, 3.364.
Determine the following: Determine the following:
a. Most Probable Value a. Most probable value of angle X
b. Variance b. Most probable value of angle Y
c. Standard Deviation c. Most probable value of angle Z
d. Standard Error
e. Probable Error of Single Measurement
f. Probable Error of Mean Measurement
g. Relative Precision

Problem 2: Lines of levels to establish the elevation of a point are run

over four different routes. The observed elevations of the point with
probable errors are given below.

Problem 5: The sides of a rectangular field are 1193.6±0.60ft and

Lin 582.70±0.40ft respectively.
Observed Elev. ± PE (m) Determine the following:
e
a. Probable error of the perimeter
1 252.07±0.02 b. Probable error of the area

2 253.68±0.04 Problem 1: A surveying student walked along a given line that was
known to be 50.00 m long, in order to determine the average unit pace.
3 252.88±0.05 She paced the line 5 times; 74, 72.50, 76, 67 and 73.75 paces
respectively in her field notebook.
4 252.75±0.08 Determine the following:
a. Pace factor in in/pace, ft/pace
b. If the surveyor then counted three times 250.25, 254,255.50 paces
Determine the following:
while pacing of unknown distance, what is the distance? Relative
a. Most Probable Vale
precision of the paces?
b. Standard Deviation
c. Standard Error
Problem 2: A surveyor has a unit pace of 0.85 m/pace.
d. Probable Error of Weighted Mean Measurement
a. He counts 48 paces while walking from X to Y. What is the distance
between X and Y?
e. Relative Precision b. How many paces should the same surveyor count in order to layout
a line roughly 257 m long?
Problem 3: Two angles AOB and BOC and the single angle AOC are
measured about a point O with results as given in the following Problem 3: A 50-m tape which is 0.03 m too long is used to measure
tabulation. distance AB. The recorded length was 624.76 m. Find the corrected
horizontal distance.

Angl Problem 4: A rectangular lot 150 m x 320 m is to be laid out using a

Observed Value No. of Measurements
e 30-m tape. It was found out that the actual length of the tape was
29.96 m. What dimension should be laid out in order to have the
AOB 12º36’04” 1 desired area of the lot?

BOC 37º42’53” 4
Problem 5: The sides of a square lot having an area of 22500 sq. m
were measured by a 100-m tape that is 0.03 m to short. Calculate the
AOC 50º19’22” 6
error in area.

Determine the following: Problem 6: The distance measured over smooth level ground between
a. Most probable value of angle AOB two monuments was recorded as 108.00 m. Measurements consisted
b. Most probable value of angle BOC of three full tape lengths and one partial tape length. If the first taping
c. Most probable value of angle AOC point was misaligned 0.35 dm left, the second 7.3 dm right, and the
third 4.3 dm left, compute the correct distance between points.
Problem 4: The angles of a triangle are measured not under the same
conditions with results given below. It is desired to determine the most Problem 7: A distance was measured with a 30-m steel tape and
probable values. recorded as 120.54 m when the average tape temperature was 7ºC.
What is the adjusted distance?

Problem 8: A 50-m steel tape was standardized and supported

Angl throughout its length and found to be 0.00205 m longer at an observed
Observed Value No. of Measurement
e
temperature of 31.8ºC and a pull of 10 kg. This tape was used to
measure a line which was found to be 425.25 m at an average
temperature of 25ºC using the same pull.
Determine the following:
a. Standard Temperature
b. Total Correction to be applied in measured distance
c. Corrected horizontal distance

Problem 9: It will be assumed that both a very heavy and a medium

weight 100-ft tape are standard under a tension of 10 lb; E=30000 ksi.
The cross-sectional area of the heavy tape is 0.010 sq in. It is desired
to determine the elongation to an increase tension from 10 to 30 lb.
Determine the following:
a. Correction per tape length of the heavy tape
b. Correction per tape length of the light tape

Problem 10: A 100 ft tape weighing 2 lb is of standard length under

tension of12 lb supported for full tape length. A line on smooth level
ground is measured with the tape under a tension of 35 lb and found to
be 3357.25 ft long. E=29000000 psi; 3.53 cu. in. of steel weighs 1 lb.
Determine the following:
a. Correction per tape length of the tap
b. Corrected horizontal distance

Problem 11: A 100 m tape is suspended at the ends under a pull of 12

kg. It is also supported at 15-m and 75-m marks. If the tape weighs 2.4
kg. Determine the total correction due to sag.

Problem 12: A 50-m tape weighing 0.03kg/m is used to measure line

AB. The ape is supported at both ends and at its midspan and the
applied tension is 6 kg. Determine the total sag correction and the
corrected distance if the measured distance is 1983.25 m.

Problem 13: A distance was measured over irregularly sloping terrain.

Slope distance and the differences in elevation are tabulated.
Calculate the horizontal distance.

Slope Distance,
Difference in Elev., ft
ft

160.00 2.55

160.00 5.30

82.50 4.20

62.45 5.32

100.00 8.05

Problem 14: A distance of 156.725 m was measured between points

A and B with a steel tape that was fully supported along a uniformly
sloping surface. The elevation difference between A and B was
determined to be 9.750 m. Determine the corresponding horizontal
distance between A and B