Romblon State University

Odiongan, Romblon
College of Arts and Science
Biology Department

Kae Ann F. Villanueva February 14, 2020

BS Biology 2nd year Blk. 1 Chem Bio III- Assignment

The Importance of Eight Essential Monosaccharides

Glucose
It enhances memory, stimulates calcium absorption and increase cellular
communication.
Mannose

It is the chief of the essential super critical nutrient sugars. It helps strengthen the
excretion system and helps to defend against bacterial infection.

Galactose

As with all 8 super critical sugars, it is vital for intercellular communications. It

promotes wound healing decreased inflammation, and stimulates needed calcium
absorption.

Fucose

It is found in healthy mother’s milk and transfer immunity to newborns. It is

important for proper nerve function, kidney health, reproduction system and hydration of
your skin.

Xylose

It is an antibacterial and antifungal. It promotes the growth of healthful flora in

your intestines, therefore maximizing nutrient absorption which in turn strengthens your
immune system.
N-acetylneuramic acid

It is vital to many body fluids including serum, cerebrospinal, saliva, amniotic, and
mother’s milk. It is an immune modulator that benefits many things and it is a powerful
antiviral. It is 1000 times more potent than antiviral drugs used to fight influenza.

N-acetylgalactosamine

It helps in the prevention of many diseases. Evidence reveals it helps in tumor

reduction and in promoting healthful heart cells. It is also key in promoting joint health
and is also an anti-inflammatory.

N-acetylglucosamine

It is found in the brain, thyroid, liver, small intestine, testes, epithelial cells of the
endocrine and sebaceous glands, and endothelial cells of blood vessels. It is presumed
that it plays a crucial role in all these tissues and organs.

Formation of:

Glucose to Glucosamine

Glucosamine is an amino sugar synthesized from glucose and glutamine. It is a source

of glucosamine-6-phosphate and n-acetylglucosamine.

Glucosamine is usually administered as a combination of glucosamine HCl and

chondroitin sulfate. Other forms include glucosamine sodium sulfate and glucosamine
potassium sulfate.
Fructose to Mannose

Mannosamine to Neuraminic acid

Sialic acids are derivatives of a nine-carbon-containing monosaccharide,

ketonanose, known as neuraminic acid. They are synthesized by the condensation of D-
mannosamine with pyruvic acid.

Glucosamine to Mannosamine
Glucose to Galactose/ Glucose to Fructose

Glucose, galactose, and fructose have the same chemical formula (C6H12O6),
but they differ in the organization of their atoms, making them isomers of one another.
Fructose is a structural isomer of glucose and galactose, meaning that its atoms are
actually bonded together in a different order. Moreover, glucose and galactose are
stereoisomers of each other; their atoms are bonded together in the same order, but
they have a different 3D organization of atoms around one of the asymmetric carbons.