ENG480: Applied Fluid Mechanics

Tutorial 3: Fanno and Rayleigh flows and shock waves

Question 1 (11.48)
Standard atmospheric air (T0 = 15 °C, p0 = 101.3 kPa) is drawn steadily through a frictionless
and adiabatic converging nozzle into an adiabatic, constant cross-sectional area duct. The
duct is 3 m long and has an inside diameter of 0.15 m. The average friction factor for the duct
may be estimates as being equal to 0.03. What is the maximum mass flow rate in kg/s
through the duct? For this maximum flowrate, determine the values of static temperature,
static pressure, stagnation temperature, stagnation pressure, and velocity at the inlet [section
(1)] and exit [section (2)] of the constant area duct. Sketch the temperature-entropy diagram
for this flow.

Question 2 (11.54)
Air flows adiabatically between two sections in an constant area pipe. At upstream section
(1), p0,1 = 689 kPa, T0,1 = 333 K, and Ma1 = 0.5. At the donwstream section (2), the flow is
choked. Estimate the magnitude of the force per unit cross-sectional area exerted by the
inside wall of the pipe on the fluid between sections (1) and (2).

Question 3 (11.57)
Air enters a 0.15 m inside diameter duct with p1 = 138 kPa, T1 = 27 °C, and V1 = 60 m/s.
What frictionless heat addition rate in J/s is necessary for an exit temperature T2 = 815 °C?
Determine p2, V2, and Ma2 also.

Question 4 (11.58)
Air enters a length of constant area pipe with p1 = 200 kPa (abs), T1 = 500 K, and V1 = 400
m/s. If 500 kJ/kg of energy is removed from the air by frictionless heat transfer between
sections (1) and (2), determine p2, T2, and V2. Sketch the temperature-entropy diagram for the
flow between sections (1) and (2).

Question 5 (11.69)
A normal shock is positioned in the diverging portion of a frictionless, adiabatic , converging-
diverging airflow duct where the cross sectional area is 0.009 m2 and the local Mach number
is 2.0. Upstream of the shock, p0 = 1379 kPa and T0 = 667 K. If the duct exit area is 0.014 m2,
determine the exit area temperature and pressure and the duct mass flowrate.