Circumstances Which Affect Criminal Liability (Justifying Circumstances. Art. 11, RPC - Self Defense)

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Circumstances which affect criminal liability (justifying circumstances. Art.

11, RPC – self defense)

People v. Patotoy
GR No. 102058, August 26, 1996

Facts:
The accused admitted to having killed the victim but claims to have done so in self-
defense. The victim appeared to draw something from his waist during their confrontation. The
victim's alleged act of drawing "something" from his waist certainly is not the "unlawful
aggression" meant in the law that would justify a fatal strike at him and no veritable physical force
on the part of the latter has been shown that could have really endangered the life of the
accused.
Issue:
Is Bonifacio Patotoy’s plea of self-defense shall be given credit?
Ruling:
No. Without unlawful aggression, self-defense cannot exist nor be an extenuating circumstance.
Unlawful aggression presupposes actual, sudden and unexpected attack, or an imminent danger, and not
merely a threatening or an intimidating attitude. There must exist a real danger to the life or personal
safety of the person claiming self-defense.

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