What Is Tertiary Winding

Tertiary Winding
When the transformer is make of three winding is called Tertiary winding. It is
generally connected in delta. generally, Transformer have primary and secondary
winding, if transformer constructed with third winding is called tertiary winding or three
winding transformer.

When the fault or short circuit is occurring, high circulating current will flow through the
primary and secondary winding. Because of that current, overheating of transformer is
produced. By using tertiary winding we can avoid that overheating. Reactant of tertiary
winding is such that which can limit over current.

fig shows the three winding transformer connection,

The main advantage of used thee winding transformer is that when any fault and short
circuit is occurring on primary and secondary side. a large unbalance of phase voltage
may be produced, which is compensated by large tertiary winding circulating currents.
Third winding is also known as stabilizing winding. because, A Delta connected tertiary
winding reduced the impedance offered to zero sequence current. So large earth fault
current flows for proper operations of protective devices. When the load is unbalanced,
tertiary winding reduced third harmonic voltage and limits the unbalanced voltage. the
magnetizing current is neglected.
 
Each winding represented by the equivalent reactance and resistance. Fig shows the
equivalent circuit of three winding transformer.

Purpose to used tertiary winding: -

1. A three winding transformer can be used to large load split winding generator.
2. In the testing transformer it is used as the voltage coil.
3. For supplying additional load which is must be insulated from the secondary
winding.
4. Used as different voltages operated three phase supply system.
5. To supplying the voltage to device which is operated different voltage from
secondary and primary voltage.

Disadvantages of tertiary winding: -

1. Additional winding is used hence more copper is requiring, so cost is high.

2. Construction is little complex.
Tertiary winding working and application
Tertiary winding working and application 
In this article we will discussed about Tertiary

winding working and application and also their uses.

There are many reasons for which three winding transformer is employed. Some of the
reasons are listed below.
1. If a two winding transformer has to supply an additional load which has to be
insulated from the secondary windings for some reasons the three winding transformer
may be used with additional load carried by tertiary winding.
2. The phase compensating devices can be supplied with three winding transformer
which are not operating at either primary or secondary voltage but at some different
voltage.
3. The tertiary winding can be used as a voltage coil in a testing transformer.
4. Three supply systems operating at different voltages can be interconnected using
three winding transformer.
5. The three winding transformer can be used to load large split winding generators.
6. The substations requirements can be met using three winding transformer which
requires a voltage different from that of primary and secondary windings.
7. The tertiary winding connected in delta reduces the impedance offered to the zero
sequence currents so that a larger earth fault current flows for proper operation of
protective equipment. For unbalanced load it limits the imbalance in voltage. It permits
the flow of third harmonic current to reduce harmonic voltage.

Stabilization Due to tertiary winding

For unbalanced single phase load, the star-star connection offers high reactance to the
flow of current. Any unbalanced load current has three components viz. Positive and
zero sequence components.

The zero sequence component on the secondary side cannot be balanced by primary
currents as zero sequence currents cannot flow in the isolated neutral of star connected
primary. On the secondary side the zero sequence current sets up magnetic flux in the
core. The iron path is available for this flux and the impedance offered to the flow of
zero sequence current is lowered. For this purpose, the tertiary winding is called
stabilizing winding. Suppression of triple frequency currents by tertiary winding.

In the figure the generator neutral is connected to the neutral of the primary of
transformer. The neutral of the load in connected to the neutral of the secondary o the
transformer. If there is a third harmonic in the wave form of the generator phase voltage,
this third harmonic will appear on the secondary phase voltage and the triple frequency
secondary current will flow. In the neutral wire, all the triple frequency currents for the
three phases will be added and flow.
These currents will interfere with the neighboring telephone circuits. if the primary
natural condition is not made, then there will be no return path for the triple frequency
component of exciting current. In that case, third harmonic will appear on each phase
voltage of the transformer, distorting the flux in the transformer. Now, if the secondary
neutral is connected, then the triple frequency harmony currents will be developed in the
secondary circuits. These currents will also interfere with telecommunication lines. If
both the neutrals of primary and secondary are insulated, there will ve triple
harmonics in the voltage wave of each phase of the transformer.
On the other hand, if the neutral points are not insulated, the voltage regulation of the
several phases will be poor if the load is unbalanced which is the usual case with the
practical loads.

Now, it is required to suppress the tipple frequency secondary currents. This can be

done by providing a delta-connected transformer.  The tertiary winding

are connected in delta. The EMF which will be doweled in the tertiary delta due to
fundamental frequency will be balanced, the induced EMF of triple frequency will be in
time phase around the closed circuit. The KVA rating of the tertiary winding will be a
very small fraction of that of the main transformer. Only due to possible short-circuit
conditions, the tertiary is generally designed to have a rating about one-third of the
rating of the main winding.

3-Phase Star-Star Auto Transformer with

Tertiary
 

Description
 This component models a 3-phase auto transformer bank comprised of 3 single-phase
banks and a tertiary winding.  The tertiary winding may be configured as either delta or
star configuration.

Options are provided so that the user may choose between either a magnetizing branch
(linear core), or a current injection routine to model magnetizing characteristics.  If
desired, the magnetizing branch can be eliminated altogether, leaving the transformer in
'ideal' mode, where all that remains are a series leakage reactance.

External connections to this component are described as follows:

 
The following diagram shows a schematic of the connection:

STAR Connected Tertiary DELTA Connected Tertiary

  

This component also includes an on-load tap changing capability.

Under configuration:

there are three fields to enter leakage reactance’s.

Parameter for no load losses is not included.

Tertiary winding can be either star or delta, configured through a choice box.

If tertiary is delta, another choice for delta leading or lagging.