VENTILATION

The process of supplying air and removing

air by natural and mechanical means to
and from a space.

Ventilation Criteria

 To provide fresh air supply

(oxygen)
 To dilute acceptable level of
pollutant
 To create a comfortable
environment

Requirements for an Efficient Ventilation

System

 Establish hazard – free air

quality
 Satisfy user comfort
 Be energy efficient
 Cost effective

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 The air temperature and relative
humidity are major factors for maintain
and good health

 Extreme conditions can cause

discomfort, promoting the spread of
micro-organisms which cause disease
and can seriously irritate the
respiratory systems.

NATURAL VENTILATION

 Air is admitted into each room by

windows or large vents leading directly
to the external air.

 The rate of air change is governed by

wind.

MECHANICAL VENTILATION

 Air is drawn in then exhausted by fans

(air conditioning system)
 Air is distributed through a network of
ducts.

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Requirement for Mechanical Ventilation
or Air Conditioning

 Internal rooms
 Large, closely populated rooms where
distribution of natural ventilation is
inadequate
 Where natural ventilation cannot be
provided because of external air
pollution or noise.
 Extract ventilation (fumes or smells
from cooking etc.
 Tall buildings

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The System of Natural Ventilation

Background Ventilation

 Traditional air brick

 Narrow vent at the head of the window

Rapid Ventilation

 Open windows – rapid air change

Supplementary Extract

 Extract air at the source of pollution by

fans and discharging it externally by the
duct (cookers or bathrooms)

Control of Indoor pollutant

Air movement

 Domestic building – velocity of 0.10 –

0.33 m/s – air conditioning

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Fumes, smells, product of combustion

 Fume cupboard / hoods

 Extractors
Bacteria

 Hospitals – special patterns of air

movement (air may be disinfected by
bactericidal sprays or ultraviolet light.

Excess Heat

 Can be removed by high rates of

ventilation at sources (1 m3 can
recovery 1.3kJ for each 0C of
temperature difference between the
heated control and the outside air)

 Extract air through the light fittings

(electric lighting) – heat is removed at
source and not escape into the room

Relative Humidity

 30% - 70% is acceptable. Increase

ventilation rate can reduce relative
humidity, caution may get too draughty.

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Recently Recognized Air Quality
Problems

Sick Building Syndrome

 Complaints of acute discomfort in office

building especially those equipped with
air conditioning

 Headache, eye ache, sore throat,

breathing difficulty, cold – like
symptoms were real and clinically
proven

 Poor cleanliness

Radon

 Is a radioactive gas from tin mining

area. gas decays into particles and
become lodged in the lungs – cancer
incidence

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Legionnaires’ Disease

 Legionellaceae bacteria widespread in

soil and surface of water (water system
in building)

 First recognition in 1976 at a

convention in a US hotel.

 Favourable temp. for breeding 200C –

460C

 Result of poor housekeeping

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