Friction: Fluid Friction Dry Friction

Friction
Dry friction Fluid friction
EG1109 Statics and Mechanics of Materials 1

Four Situations – Friction Force
Development (1)
W
0 The applied force does not tend to move
P the body along the contact surface (P = 0)
A B
ZERO friction
N
W
The applied force tend to move the body
P along the contact surface, but the body is
A B not moving!
F
N
Friction > 0, but < µsN
Four Situations – Friction Force
Development (2)
W
The applied forces have reached the
P magnitudes that the body is just about to
A B move! (The body is under impending motion)
F
N
Friction = µsN
W
The applied forces are such that the
P maximum friction is unable to maintain
A B equilibrium. (The body is in sliding motion)
F
N
Friction = µkN
EG1109 Statics and Mechanics of Materials
3
Angle of Friction
P P Fm  s N
W W tan s  
Py N N
Px tan s   s
N R   s
RN
(a) No friction F  Px Angle of static friction
(b) No motion
W W Fk  k N
P P tan k  
Py Py N N
Px Px tan k   k
N R N R
Fm  Px Fk  Px
  s   k Angle of kinetic friction
(c) Motion impending  (d) Motion 
Angle of Friction - Pitfalls
W sin 
P W W
Py W cos 
Px   s
N R   s 
N  W cos
F  Px R F  W sin 
Angle of friction ≡ angle between the resultant and

the normal reaction on the contact surface
It is NOT the angle between the friction and contact

surface, nor the angle between the resultant and
the vertical line. EG1109 Statics and Mechanics of Materials 5
How can we make use of friction?

Example 6.1
A pipe of diameter 50 mm is gripped by the stillson wrench shown. Portions
AB and DE are rigidly attached to each other, and portion CF is connected by
a pin at D. If the wrench is to grip the pipe without slipping, determine the
minimum coefficients of friction at each jaws.
A
50 mm
B
C 60 mm
15 mm
D
E
500 mm
P
F
7
Stillson Wrench
•This wrench is commonly used for assembling or
disassembling pipes
•The pin mechanism “converts” the force applied at the
handle into a gripping force on the jaws.
•The gripping force is equal to the normal force on the jaws.
Upper Jaw
Pin
8
Example 6.1
Solution
NA The direction of friction can be determined by
inspection. Let point O be the center of the pipe.
FA
FC o
If slip happens the pipe will remain stationary
while the wrench rotates in counter clockwise
NC direction. In other words it produces an
unbalanced moment PL
L To balance PL and prevent slip from happening,
the friction at A and C must produce moment in
the clock wise direction.
Also, we can see that FA ≠ FC . Otherwise P will

be left unbalanced.
9
Free Body Diagram: ABDE
ABDE is a two-force member. Therefore

θ
the force resultant at A and D have the
FA A
same line of action.
B NA tan  
15 mm 110 mm
D For this case the minimum coefficient

Dx
of static friction at A can be determined
from geometry
Dy E
S , A  #Ans
  7.74
10
Free Body Diagram: ABDE
NC
15 mm
+ M C  0;
FC
C 60 mm
D
+ F x  0;
θ
D
500 mm
+ F y  0;
P
We can now calculate μS,C
F
11
Example 6.2
Determine the greatest angle θ so that the ladder does not slip when it
supports the 75 kg man in the position shown. The coefficient of static friction
at A and B is μs = 0.3
12
Example 6.2
Solution
Cy Cy In this problem, the number of

unknowns is less than the available
Cx Cx equations (equilibrium and frictional).
C C
 
2 2
We have 3 equilibrium equations (∑Fx,
W ∑ Fy, ∑ M) for each FBD and two
frictional equations (FA=μNA , FB=μNB )
A Unknowns : FA, NA, FB, NB, CX, CY, θ

FA B FB
NA 0.25 m NB As a result, we have two possible

motion. Either slipping starts at point A
or at point B.
Each case will have its own θ.
13
Free Body Diagram: BC
C BC is a two-force member.
Cy
+ F
y  0;
Cx
C

2
+ F x  0;
B FB
NB
14
Free Body Diagram: AC
C 
2
+ M A  0;
W=735.75 N
C

2
W
+ Fy  0;
A
FA
NA 0.25 m + F  0;
x
15
Case 1: First slip happens at B
FB   S N B (6)  S  0.3
From FBD of member BC we have,
 
N B  C cos (1) FB  C sin (2)
2 2
Substitute (6) and (1) into (2),
16
Case 2: First slip happens at A
FA   S N A (7)  S  0.3
From FBD of member AC we have,
 
W  10C sin  (3) N A  W  C cos (4) FA  C sin (5)
2 2
Substitute (7), (3) and (4) into (5),
You can do trial &

error to obtain θ.
  159.77 *
17
Case 1: First slip happens at B    33.4 #Ans
Case 2: First slip happens at A    159.77
This means that the first slip will happen at B. You can try and
confirm that at θ = 33.4◦, FA<μSNA (no slip at A).
Similarly, you can also calculate FB at θ = 159.77◦. For this

case, FB should be greater than the maximum static friction.
18
Example 6.3
The man has a mass of 90 kg, and the coefficient of static friction between his
shoes and the floor is μS = 0.5 . Determine where he should position his center
of gravity G relative to the center to his shoes in order to exert maximum
horizontal force on the door. What is the magnitude of this force?
900 mm
19
Example 6.3
Solution
+ F
y  0;
P + F x  0;
W 900 mm P is maximum when the shoes and the

floor is about to slip  F   S N
F + M o  0;
N
20
Example 6.4
A boy having a mass of 70 kg attempts to walk on a board which is
supported by a pin at A and a post BC. If μB = 0.3 and μC = 0.5, determine
the maximum angle θ of alignment for the post so that he can safely reach
the other side. Neglect the mass of the board and post and the thickness of
the post in the calculation.

Solution
FB
Ax
NB d Ay
M A 0

At point B,
NB
F y 0
FB
θ
FBC
F x 0
If slipping occurs at B,
Or, tan   0.3
Method 1
At point C, Fy 0
FBC
θ
FC Fx 0
NC
Or, tan   0.5
Therefore, slip occurs first at B,
tan   0.3
  tan 1 0.3  16.7o
Method 1
Free-body diagram of BC
NB
BC is a 2-force member,
FB
θ
θ
FC
NC
If slipping occurs at C,
So, slipping occurs at B first, tan   0.3

Method 2
Example 6.4
26

Friction: Fluid Friction Dry Friction

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

You might also like

Friction: Fluid Friction Dry Friction

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Friction: Fluid Friction Dry Friction

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Friction

Dry friction Fluid friction

EG1109 Statics and Mechanics of Materials 1

Angle of friction ≡ angle between the resultant and

It is NOT the angle between the friction and contact

EG1109 Statics and Mechanics of Materials 6

Also, we can see that FA ≠ FC . Otherwise P will

ABDE is a two-force member. Therefore

D For this case the minimum coefficient

Cy Cy In this problem, the number of

A Unknowns : FA, NA, FB, NB, CX, CY, θ

NA 0.25 m NB As a result, we have two possible

Each case will have its own θ.

You can do trial &

Similarly, you can also calculate FB at θ = 159.77◦. For this

W 900 mm P is maximum when the shoes and the

EG1109 Statics and Mechanics of Materials 21

EG1109 Statics and Mechanics of Materials 22

Or, tan   0.3

Therefore, slip occurs first at B,

  tan 1 0.3  16.7o

So, slipping occurs at B first, tan   0.3

You might also like