APril fools’ Math Olympiad Year: 2020

1st APMO Day: 1

Wherever

Wednesday, April 1, 2020

Whenever

Problem 1. A positive integer n is called foolish if the sum of the digits of 2n is one less
than the sum of the digits of 3n . It is easily seen that 1 and 3 are foolish. Are there any
other foolish positive integers?

Problem 2. A complex triangle center is a function

P (a, b, c)
f (a, b, c) = ,
Q(a, b, c)

where P, Q are homogeneous symmetric polynomials and deg P = deg Q + 1. If |a| = |b| =
|c| = 1, then f represents the point X = f (a, b, c) in the complex plane. For example, if
f (a, b, c) = a+b+c, then X is the orthocenter of the triangle ABC with vertices represented
by the points a, b, c in the complex plane.
Clifford the Big Red Dog believes that f is grrrrrreat if, for any distinct choices of a, b, c
with |a| = |b| = |c| = 1, the point X = f (a, b, c) lies inside ABC. Is it true that there only
finitely many grrrrrreat complex triangle centers f ?

Problem 3. Let ABC be an acute scalene triangle with circumcenter O and orthocenter
H. Ray OH intersects the circumcircle of ABC again at X, and the reflections of X over
OA, OB, and OC, respectively, are R, S, and T . Let G be the centroid of RST and let P
be the tangency point between the incircle and the nine-point circle of RST . Must X, G,
and P be collinear?

Time limit: 3 hours.

Each problem is worth 7 points.