Learning Mandarin Chinese

Learning Mandarin Chinese
xúe xı́ zhōng wén
學習中文
learn practice center composition
to learn Chinese Language
by Daniel J. Greenhoe (柯晨光)
Middle Kingdom Rosetta Stone series

1
Daniel J. Greenhoe (柯晨光)

2 2009 May 6
http://banyan.cm.nctu.edu.tw/∼dgreenhoe/lmc/
title: Learning Mandarin Chinese: 學習中文

author: Daniel J. Greenhoe (柯晨光)1
series: Middle Kingdom Rosetta Stone
number: 1
institution: National Chiao-Tung University (國立交通大學)2
department: Telecommunications Engineering (電信工程學系)3
email dgreenhoe@yahoo.com
web: http://www.youpublish.com/files/13020/
time: 2009 May 6 Wednesday 3:41pm
3 kē chén guāng

柯晨光
(family name) morning light
early morning sun light
2009 May 6 3 Learning Mandarin Chinese


4 2009 May 6
CONTENTS
Front Matter i
Table of Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii
Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v
1 Chinese Characters 1
1.1 Languages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 Onomatopoeia characters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.3 Radicals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2 Phonetics 13
2.1 Spoken Chinese . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
2.2 Phonetic Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
2.2.1 Pinyin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2.2.2 Zhuyin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
2.3 Sounds of Mandarin Chinese . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
3 Grammar 27
3.1 Personal pronouns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
3.2 Quantifiers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
3.3 Verbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
3.4 Adjectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
3.5 Adverbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
3.6 Negation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
3.7 Emphasis and contrasts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
i
CONTENTS Daniel J. Greenhoe (柯晨光)
3.8 Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
3.9 Conditionals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
3.10 Conjuctions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
3.11 Adverbial phrases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
3.12 Prepositional phrases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
3.13 More . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
3.14 Similes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
4 Time 65
4.1 Absolute time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
4.2 Rates of time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
4.3 Occurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
4.4 Progressive events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
4.5 Multiple events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
4.6 Quantifiers for time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
5 Simple conversation 81
5.1 Greetings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
5.2 Introductions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
5.3 Civilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
5.4 Communications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
6 The Heart of Man 91

6.1 Emotions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
6.2 Character . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
6.3 Thought processes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
6.4 The will . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
6.5 Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
7 Work and Rest 105

7.1 Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
7.2 Rest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
A Grammar Terminology 111
B Numbers 115
C Songs 121
C.1 Old McDonald . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122

ii 2009 May 6
Daniel J. Greenhoe (柯晨光) Table of Contents
C.2 1 2 3 Fish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124

C.3 Head Shoulders Knees and Toes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
C.4 Bright Moon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
C.5 Amazing Grace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
C.6 You are my flower (你是我的花朵) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
D Names 137
D.1 Family Names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
D.1.1 Common . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
D.2 Characters for male names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
D.3 Characters for female names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
D.4 Characters for either male or female names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
D.5 Famous names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
E Mathematics 151
E.1 Branches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
E.2 Arithmetic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
E.3 Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
E.4 Spaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
E.5 Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
Back Matter 159

References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
Reference Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
Chinese Character Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
PinYin Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
English Word Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
General Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
End of document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224
2009 May 6 iii Learning Mandarin Chinese

Table of Contents Daniel J. Greenhoe (柯晨光)

iv 2009 May 6
PREFACE
Purpose
This book is intended for people who are fluent in English and who want
to learn Mandarin Chinese. It is somewhat unique among Chinese language
learning books in that most every Chinese character that appears in the
book is accompanied by Romanized pronunciation above the character and
the character’s English meaning below.
Many examples are included in this text. And many of these examples are
extracted from children’s story books. There are several effective meth-
ods for language acquisition; and one of the most effective is reading.
One big advantage of reading children’s Chinese story books is that most
every character includes phonetic pronunciation for easy pronunciation and
reference in a Chinese-English dictionary.
Some examples of children’s Chinese story books include the following:
1. The 寶寶心靈成長雙語繪本 (bǎo bǎo xin̄ lińg chěng zhǎng shūang yǔ hùi yǔ)
Baby intelligent growth bilingual illustrated book series:
幼福編輯部 (2005b): 大黃牛學勤勞 A Cow Learns Diligence
v
Preface Daniel J. Greenhoe (柯晨光)
幼福編輯部 (2005e): 小象妹找自信 An Elephant Looks For Confidence

幼福編輯部 (2005a): 誰來叫醒我 (shéi lái jiào xiňg wǒ) Who can wake me up?
幼福編輯部 (2005e): 最珍貴的禮物 The Most Precious Present
幼福編輯部 (2005g): 小白兔的友誼 The Rabbit’s Friendship
幼福編輯部 (2005d): 小老虎大嗓門 A Little Tiger’s Loud Voice
幼福編輯部 (2005b): 獅子王的原則 (s̄hi zi wáng de yúan zé) The King of Lion’s
Principle
幼福編輯部 (2005f): 小諸送的花兒 The Pig Was Given Me Flowers
幼福編輯部 (2005c): 酷酷熊有決心 The Bear Got The Determination
幼福編輯部 (2005c): 小猴子長大了 A Little Monkey Grows Up
幼福編輯部 (2005d): 黑猩猩來了 The black gorilla is coming
2. The 愛與心靈成長學習繪本 (ài yǔ xin̄ lińg chéng zhǎng xúe x́i hùi běn) Love
and intelligence growth and learning illustrated book series:
張晉霖 and 李美華 (2008e): 溫暖的星星 (wēn nǔan de xin̄g xin̄g) The warmth
of stars
張晉霖 and 李美華 (2008b): 貝絲的心願 (bèi s̄i de xin̄ yuàn) Beth’s cherished
desire
張晉霖 and 李美華 (2008c): 流浪貓 (liú làng māo) The vagrant cat
李美華 (2008a): 避雨 (bı̀ yǔ) Taking shelter from the rain
李美華 (2008b): 讓人思念的小章魚 — The Little Octopus . . .
張晉霖 and 李美華 (2008f): 真的﹗ (zhēn de) — Really!
李美華 (2008c): 豬奶奶不在家 (zhū nǎi nai bú zài jiā) (Grandma Pig is not home)
張晉霖 and 李美華 (2008d): 沙漠中的一桶水 A bucket of water in the dessert
3. Here is an online reference with many children’s stories with audio: 4
http://children.cca.gov.tw/search/animation list.php?
module=painting&class=&categories=&date=&x=21&y=11
Typesetting Tools
This text was typeset using XeLATEX.

4 Many thanks to Dr. Po-Ning Chen (陳伯寧) for referring me to this web site.

vi 2009 May 6
Daniel J. Greenhoe (柯晨光) Preface
Writing with hope
It is my hope that others will find this text useful in their

struggle to learn Mandarin Chinese; and that these can in
turn use their knowledge for the benefit of others.
2009 May 6 vii Learning Mandarin Chinese

Preface Daniel J. Greenhoe (柯晨光)

viii 2009 May 6
CHAPTER 1
CHINESE CHARACTERS
1.1 Languages
Many spoken languages also have written forms, which express information in terms
of symbols, called graphemes. Linguists roughly classify written languages into two
categories based on the graphemes that they use:
¬ phonograms (or phonographs) symbols represent sounds
logogram (or logographs) graphemes represent words
The advantage of a phonogram is that it is somewhat easier to know how a grapheme

“sounds”, but relatively more difficult to know what it means. The advantage of a
logogram is that it is somewhat easier to know what a grapheme means, but relatively
more difficult to know how it “sounds”.
Examples of Phonographic languages include all the written languages based on the
Latin alphabet such as English, German, Spanish, French, etc., as well as Greek and
other languages.
One of the most famous examples, howbeit not currently in common use, of a logo-
graph is Egyptian hieroglyphics, a language that the entire world forgot how to read
1
CHAPTER 1. CHINESE CHARACTERS Daniel J. Greenhoe (柯晨光)
until the discovery of the Rosetta Stone by Napolean’s troops and subsequent decipher-
ment by Thomas Young and Jean-Francois Champollion.
By far the most commonly used logographic language in the world today is Chinese.
This logograph, as far as current common use is concerned, comes in two forms, tradi-
tional Chinese and simplified Chinese. Because Chinese is a logographic language, some-
times one can make an educated guess as to the meaning of a grapheme (called a
character for the Chinese written language) by the way it “looks”. For example, the
character 山 (shān) means “mountain”, and it kind of looks like a three peak moun-
tain. Here are some more examples:
bǎo resembles someone jiàn resembles an eye

保 standing guard 見
to protect to see
kǒu resembles an open mouth mù resembles a tree
口木
mouth wood/tree
kū resembles a person with nv̌ resembles a woman with
哭 two tear drops in the eyes 女 crossed legs
to cry woman
qù resembles a walking rén resembles a person
去 person 人 standing two legs
to go person
shān resembles a three peak shàng the vertical and small
山 mountain 上 strokes are above the long
mountain above horizontal stroke
xià the diagonal and small xiào resembles a smiling
下 strokes are below the long 笑 person with a moustache
below horizontal stroke to smile
zhǎo resembles the claw of an ži resembles a baby
爪 animal (e.g. lion) 子
claw/talon son
Moreover, more complex characters are constructed from more primitive ones. If you
know the meaning of the primitive characters, it can help suggest the meaning of some
complex ones. Here are some examples:

2 2009 May 6
Daniel J. Greenhoe (柯晨光) 1.2. ONOMATOPOEIA CHARACTERS
liń resembles two trees (木) sēn resembles three trees (木)
林森
forest trees
xiān resembles a person of the hǎo life is good for a man who
仙 mountains (山) 好 has a wife (女) and son
celestial being good (子)
1.2 Onomatopoeia characters
Despite Chinese being a logographic language and therefore characters represent

meanings rather than sounds, there are some characters that, although they have
meanings, are not primarily used for those meanings, but rather are primarily used
just for the sound that they make. That is, these characters represent onomatopoeias.
Most of these characters contain the 口 (kǒu, mouth) character, indicating that the
character represents a sound (made with the mouth). If you wish to write, say, stories
for children, then such characters may come in very handy. Table 1.3 provides some
examples of such characters, while Sentence Table 1.4 (page 6) illustrates their use with
sentences.1
Table 1.3: Onomatopoeias characters
ā the “ah” sound made such āi the expression “hey” or

啊 as when scared 哎 “ah”; can be used together
with 唷 as an exclamation
as in 哎唷﹗ (āi yó!)
aó 嗷=口+敖 (aò, proud) bā the beeping sound of a
嗷叭 car; 叭=口+八 (bā, 8)
cry of hunger trumpet
1 (2007b)動物說話 (dòng wù shūo hùa) The animal is speaking 1

(2007c)動物說話 (dòng wù shūo hùa) The animal is speaking 2
(2007d)生活說話 (shēng húo shūo hùa) The life is speaking 1
(2007e)生活說話 (shēng húo shūo hùa) The life is speaking 2
(2007f)有聲世界 (yǒu shēng s̀hi jiè) The vocal world
(2007a)車車說話 (chē chē de shūo hùa) The car is speaking

bā bı̀ the “beep” sound of a

吧嗶 whistle
(a particle)
c̄hi sound of ripping paper dāng metallic crashing sound
嗤噹
to sneer
din̄g used with 咚 (dōng) for dōng sound of a drum, sound of
叮 the “ding-dong” sound of 咚 falling object impacting
to sting a doorbell the ground
dū the “toot” sound of gā the “quack quack” sound
嘟 vehicles such as trains; 嘎 of ducks as in “嘎嘎”
嘟=口+都 (dū, big city)
gū the hooting sound of an gūa the “ribbet ribbet”
咕 owl, the crowing shound 呱 croaking sound of frogs as
to murmur of a rooster in “呱呱”
hā the “ha ha” laughing hāi 2 the greeting ”Hi”
哈 sound as in “哈哈!”, the 嗨
to breathe on “achoo” sneezing sound “hi””
as in 哈啾 (hā jiū)
hǒu the roaring sound of a lion hū 呼=口+乎 (hū, at)
吼呼
to roar to exhale
hūa sound of a wave; hùo the “oink” sound of pigs
嘩嘩=口+華 (húa, China) 嚄
jī the chirping sound of jī the chirping sound of
唧 crickets as in “唧唧” 嘰 birds as in “嘰嘰”
pump to talk indistinctly
jiū the chirping sounds of kòu the sound of knocking on

啾 birds or insects 叩 a door
chirping sound to knock
2 黃慧敏 (2006): 阿尼要搬家 (ā ńi yào bān jiā) Annie wants to move, page 7

4 2009 May 6
Daniel J. Greenhoe (柯晨光) 1.2. ONOMATOPOEIA CHARACTERS
la miāo the sound of cats as in

啦喵 “喵. . . 喵”
“meow”
miē the bleating sound (口) of móu the lowing sound (口) of
咩 goats (山羊); 哞 cows (牛)
lū used with 咕 (gū, to lūo used at end of sentences
嚕 murmur) to describe a 囉 as in “. . . oh!”
verbose hungry stomach . . . as in to chatter
“咕嚕咕嚕!”
ō an exclamation or crowing pā
喔 sound of roosters; 啪
pēng sound of a bouncing ball pin̄g sound of a piano
砰乒
pū the “putt putt putt” sound s̄i the neighing sound of a
噗 of a slow vehicle 嘶 horse
tà wā sound of crying
嗒哇
dejected
wēng the buzzing sound of wū “toot” or “hoot” sound of
嗡 insects as in “嗡嗡”. 嗚 vehicles
xiū the sound of airplanes as yō can be used together with
咻 in “咻咻” 唷唷 as an exclamation as in
din 哎唷﹗ (āi yó!)

Table 1.4: Onomatopoeias
English Chinese (中文)

“Cock-a- gū gū gū gōng jī jiào zhe tiān
doodle- 咕咕咕 !公雞叫著，天
doo!” the male chicken to crow (adverbial particle) sky
rooster rooster
crowed, liàng le 3
and the 。
sky was 亮了
bright (change of state)
bright
again.
The cow’s niú de dù zi è de gū lū
stomach 牛的肚子餓得咕嚕
was so cow ’s stomach son hungry (a sound) (a sound)
hungry stomach “gurgle”
that with gū lū jiào 4
a “gurgle
gurgle” it 咕嚕叫。
(a sound) (a sound) to call
called out.
“gurgle”
“Achoo! hā jiū hā jiū bin̄ bin̄ hǎo xiàng
Achoo!” It 哈啾 ! 哈啾 ! 彬彬好像
seems to breathe chirps to breathe chirps intelligent intelligent good to resemble
Bin-Bin achoo achoo Bin-Bin to seem
has gǎn mào le 5
caught a 。
cold. 感冒了
to feel to emit (change of state)
to catch a cold
continued on the next page . . .
3 張晉霖 (2005): 一塊錢‧買一個夢 (ýi kùai qián · mǎi ȳi ge mèng) One dollar · buy one dream, page 27
4 幼福編輯部 (2005b): 大黃牛學勤勞 A Cow Learns Diligence, page 22
5 張晉霖 (2005b): 哈啾不見了 (hā jiū bú jiàn le) — “Achoo” has dissappeared, page 1

6 2009 May 6
Daniel J. Greenhoe (柯晨光) 1.3. RADICALS
. . . continued from the previous page

“Knock kòu kòu kòu zhè śhi mén wài xiǎng q̌i
knock 叩 ! 叩 ! 叩 !這時門外響起
knock!” to knock to knock to knock this time door outside sound to start
There qiāo mén de shēng yin̄ 6
arose the
sound of
敲門的聲音。
to knock door (’s) sound sound
knocking
to knock at the door sound
at the
door.
He leaned tā bǎ tóu kào zài zhěn tóu shàng ýi xià
his head 他把頭靠在枕頭上，一下
against he head to lean at pillow head on top of one next
the pillow, pillow in a short while
and in a zi jiù hū lū hū lū shùi zháo le
brief
moment,
子，就呼嚕呼嚕睡著了
son just to sleep (change of state)
with a
to sleep
”ZZZZZ”
7
just fell
asleep. 。
1.3 Radicals
Many Chinese characters contain a sub-component called a radical. Identifying this

radical can be helpful in recalling the meaning of the character and to locate the char-
acter within a Chinese dictionary. Probably the most well known set of radicals is
referred to as the Kangxi radicals, and are presented in the following table. 8
6 張晉霖 (2005a): 白雲枕頭 (bái yún zhěn tóu) — The White Cloud Pillow, page 23
8 Allen (2008): The Unicode Standard 5.1.0
http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U2F00.pdf
McNaughton and Ying (1999): Reading & Writing Chinese. . .

1 stroke
1. ⼀ ȳi one 2. ⼁ shù line
3. ⼂ zhǔ dot 4. ⼃ piě slash
5. ⼄ y̌i second 6. ⼅ júe hook
2 strokes
7. ⼆ er̀ two 8. ⼇ tóu lid
9. ⼈ rén man 10. ⼉ eŕ legs
11. ⼊ rù enter 12. ⼋ bā eight
13. ⼌ jiǒng down box 14. ⼍ m̀i cover
15. ⼎ bin̄g ice 16. ⼏ jī table
17. ⼐ kǎn open box 18. ⼑ dāo knife
19. ⼒ lı̀ power 20. ⼓ bāo wrap
21. ⼔ bǐ spoon 22. ⼕ fāng right open box
23. ⼖ x̀i hiding enclosure 24. ⼗ śhi ten
25. ⼘ bǔ divination 26. ⼙ jié seal
27. ⼚ hǎn cliff 28. ⼛ s̄i private
29. ⼜ yòu again
3 strokes
30. ⼝ kǒu mouth 31. ⼞ wéi enclosure
32. ⼟ tǔ earth 33. ⼠ s̀hi scholar
34. ⼡ žhi go 35. ⼢ sūi go slowly
36. ⼣ x̄i evening 37. ⼤ dà big
38. ⼥ nv̌ woman 39. ⼦ ži child
40. ⼧ mián roof 41. ⼨ cùn inch
42. ⼩ xiǎo small 43. ⼪ wāng lame
44. ⼫ s̄hi corpse 45. ⼬ chè sprout
46. ⼭ shān mountain 47. ⼮ chūan river
48. ⼯ gōng work 49. ⼰ jǐ oneself
50. ⼱ jin̄ turban 51. ⼲ gān dry
52. ⼳ yāo short thread 53. ⼴ yǎn dotted cliff
54. ⼵ y̌in long stride 55. ⼶ gǒng two hands
56. ⼷ ỳi shoot 57. ⼸ gōng bow
58. ⼹ jı̀ snout 59. ⼺ shān bristle
60. ⼻ c̀hi step
4 strokes
61. ⼼ xin̄ heart 62. ⼽ gē halberd
63. ⼾ hù door 64. ⼿ shǒu hand

8 2009 May 6
65. ⽀ z̄hi branch 66. ⽁ pǔ wrap

67. ⽂ wén script 68. ⽃ dǒu dipper
69. ⽄ jin̄ axe 70. ⽅ fāng square
71. ⽆ wú not 72. ⽇ r̀i sun
73. ⽈ yūe say 74. ⽉ yùe moon
75. ⽊ mù tree 76. ⽋ qiàn lack
77. ⽌ žhi stop 78. ⽍ dǎi death
79. ⽎ shū weapon 80. ⽏ wú do not
81. ⽐ bǐ compare 82. ⽑ máo fur
83. ⽒ s̀hi clan 84. ⽓ q̀i steam
85. ⽔ shǔi water 86. ⽕ hǔo fire
87. ⽖ zhǎo claw 88. ⽗ fù father
89. ⽘ yáo double x 90. ⽙ qiāng half tree trunk
91. ⽚ piàn slice 92. ⽛ yá fang
93. ⽜ niú cow 94. ⽝ qǔan dog
5 strokes
95. ⽞ xúan profound 96. ⽟ yù jade
97. ⽠ gūa melon 98. ⽡ wǎ tile
99. ⽢ gān sweet 100. ⽣ shēng life
101. ⽤ yòng use 102. ⽥ tián field
103. ⽦ p̌i bolt of cloth 104. ⽧ ǹi sickness
105. ⽨ bò dotted tent 106. ⽩ bái white
107. ⽖ zhǎo claw 108. ⽫ miň dish
109. ⽬ mù eye 110. ⽭ máo spear
111. ⽮ šhi arrow 112. ⽯ śhi stone
113. ⽰ s̀hi spirit 114. ⽱ rǒu track
115. ⽲ hé grain 116. ⽳ xúe cave
117. ⽴ lı̀ stand
6 strokes
118. ⽵ zhú bamboo 119. ⽶ m̌i rice
120. ⽷ s̄i silk 121. ⽸ fǒu jar
122. ⽹ wǎng net 123. ⽺ yáng sheep
124. ⽻ yǔ feather 125. ⽼ lǎo old
126. ⽽ eŕ and 127. ⽾ lěi plow
128. ⽿ ěr ear 129. ⾀ yù brush
130. ⾁ ròu meat 131. ⾂ chén minister
132. ⾃ z̀i self 133. ⾄ z̀hi arrive

134. ⾅ jiù mortar 135. ⾆ shé tongue

136. ⾇ chǔan oppose 137. ⾈ zhōu boat
138. ⾉ gèn stopping 139. ⾊ sè color
140. ⾋ cǎo grass 141. ⾌ hū tiger
142. ⾍ chóng insect 143. ⾎ xùe blood
144. ⾏ xińg walk enclosure 145. ⾐ ȳi clothes
146. ⾑ xià west
7 strokes
147. ⾒ jiàn see 148. ⾓ jiǎo horn
149. ⾔ yán speech 150. ⾕ gǔ valley
151. ⾖ dòu bean 152. ⾗ šhi pig
153. ⾘ z̀hi badger 154. ⾙ bèi shell
155. ⾚ c̀hi red 156. ⾛ zǒu run
157. ⾜ zú foot 158. ⾝ shēn body
159. ⾞ chē cart 160. ⾟ xin̄ bitter
161. ⾠ chén morning 162. ⾡ chùo walk
163. ⾢ ỳi city 164. ⾣ yǒu wine
165. ⾤ biàn distinguish 166. ⾥ lǐ village
8 strokes
167. ⾦ jin̄ gold 168. ⾧ cháng long
169. ⾨ mén gate 170. ⾩ fù mound
171. ⾪ dài slave 172. ⾫ zhūi short tailed bird
173. ⾬ yǔ rain 174. ⾭ qin̄g blue
175. ⾮ fēi wrong
9 strokes
176. ⾯ miàn face 177. ⾰ gé leather
178. ⾱ wéi tanned leather 179. ⾲ jiǔ leek
180. ⾳ yin̄ sound 181. ⾴ yè leaf
182. ⾵ fēng wind 183. ⾶ fēi fly
184. ⾷ śhi eat 185. ⾸ shǒu head
186. ⾹ xiāng fragrant
10 strokes
187. ⾺ mǎ horse 188. ⾻ gǔ bone
189. ⾼ gāo tall 190. ⾽ biāo hair
191. ⾾ dòu fight 192. ⾿ chàng sacrificial wine
193. ⿀ lı̀ cauldron 194. ⿁ gǔi ghost
11 strokes

10 2009 May 6
195. ⿂ yú fish 196. ⿃ niǎo bird

197. ⿄ lǔ salt 198. ⿅ lù deer
199. ⿆ mài wheat 200. ⿇ má hemp
12 strokes
201. ⿈ huáng yellow 202. ⿉ shǔ millet
203. ⿊ hēi black 204. ⿋ žhi embroidery
13 strokes
205. ⿌ miň frog 206. ⿍ diňg tripod
207. ⿎ gǔ drum 208. ⿏ shǔ rat
14 strokes
209. ⿐ bı́ nose 210. ⿑ qı́ even
15 strokes
211. ⿒ čhi tooth
16 strokes
212. ⿓ lóng dragon 213. ⿔ gūi tortoise
17 strokes
214. ⿕ yùe flute


12 2009 May 6
CHAPTER 2
PHONETICS
2.1 Spoken Chinese
According to SIL’s Ethnologue 2005 edition,1 there are 6912 living spoken languages in the
world.2 A spoken language expresses information in terms of audible sounds, called
phones.
Spoken Mandarin Chinese has about 393 sounds (phones) (see Section 2.3 page 19). In
addition to these sounds, there are four tones plus a neutral tone; in general, meanings
of sounds change (greatly) based on the tone that the sounds are voiced with.
The four tones are referred to as

¬ first tone (or high tone)
second tone (or rising tone)
® third tone (or low tone)
¯ fourth tone (or falling tone)
These four tones are illustrated in the following diagrams:
1 Jr.: Ethnologue: Languages of the World
2 http://www.ethnologue.com/ethno docs/distribution.asp?by=area
13
CHAPTER 2. PHONETICS Daniel J. Greenhoe (柯晨光)
pitch pitch pitch pitch
A
A
A
A
A
time time time A time
first tone second tone third tone fourth tone
(high tone) (rising tone) (low tone) (falling tone)
As previously mentioned, using the correct tone is in general extremely important as

the meaning of a character can change drastically with a change of tone. Here are two
examples:
wǒ ài wǒ mā wǒ ài wǒ mǎ

我愛我媽。我愛我馬。
I love I mother I love I horse
| {z } | {z }
I love my mother (mā). I love my horse (mǎ).
wǒ x̌i hūan wǒ de lǎo s̄hi wǒ x̌i hūan wǒ de lǎo s̀hi
我喜歡我的老師。我喜歡我的老是。
I happy cheerful I (’s) old teacher I happy cheerful I (’s) old is
like my teacher like my always
| {z } | {z }
I like my teacher (lǎo s̄hi). I like my always (lǎo s̀hi).
2.2 Phonetic Systems
The challenge with written Chinese, as with all logograms, is with what sound a
grapheme (a character) represents. This is not just a problem faced by non-Chinese
persons trying to learn Chinese, but for native Chinese speaking children who are
learning to read and write their own language. For this purpose there are several
systems that provide phonetic support for Chinese characters — that is, phonetic
systems that let a reader know how he or she should pronounce a given character. Of
these systems, the two most common standard systems are
¬ Pinyin a phonetic system based on the Latin alphabet (abc. . . )
Zhuyin a phonetic system based on other symbols (ㄅㄆㄇㄈㄉㄊㄋ, etc)

14 2009 May 6
Daniel J. Greenhoe (柯晨光) 2.2. PHONETIC SYSTEMS
Of these two systems, Pinyin tends to be more convenient for Westerners who tend in
turn to be more familiar with the Latin alphabet. In this chapter, Pinyin is introduced
in Section 2.2.1 (page 15) and Zhuyin in Section 2.2.2 (page 17).
2.2.1 Pinyin
hàn yǔ pin̄ yin̄
漢語拼音
Han dynasty language piece together sound
Chinese pinyin
Chinese/English dictionaries and phrase books for English speaking people most of-
ten use Hanyu Pinyin to specify the phonetic pronunciation of Chinese characters.
Hanyu Pinyin has been adopted by mainland China as the standard phonetic system
for Mandarin Chinese.
The sounds represented by the Pinyin letters are described in Vocabulary Table 2.1
(page 16) and Vocabulary Table 2.2 (page 17). In addition to these sounds, tones are
usually represented by marks over the top of the words, as described next:

tone marking examples

¬ first tone - mā bā gē
(high tone) 媽八歌
mother eight song
second tone ´ má bá gé
(rising tone) 麻拔格
numbness to uproot checks
® third tone ˇ mǎ bǎ gě
(low tone) 馬把舸
horse handle barge
¯ fourth tone ` mà bà gè
(falling tone) 罵爸各
to scold dad each
° no tone ma ba ge
(neutral tone) 麼吧個
(for questions) (for suggestions) (quantifier)
Table 2.1: Pinyin: consonants
English Chinese (中文) English Chinese (中文)

b as the b in boy c as the ts in cats and hats
d as the d in day f as the f in fade, fin, and
fun
g the hard g sound in h the h sound in ha ha or
gather, get, give, and gun happy
j the j sound in jay or the g k the k sound in kangaroo
sound in gym or the c sound in cap
l the l sound in label, lime, m the m sound in mayor,
and low meet, mow, and mute
n the n sound in name, new, p the p sound in past, pen,
nine, and no pine, and prune
q the ch sound in chew r the r sound in ran, red,
and ripe
s the s sound in sand, send, t the t sound in talk, tent,
since, and sun tick, and tent

16 2009 May 6
Daniel J. Greenhoe (柯晨光) 2.2. PHONETIC SYSTEMS

w the w sound in walk, x a semi-shrill form of sh
went, and win (try it smiling)
y the y sound in yellow z the z sound in zebra
Table 2.2: Pinyin: vowels

a as the a in father e the uh sound as the ai in
said
i the ee sound as the ee in o the short oh sound as the o
see in mow
u as the o sound in do v the ew sound, with lips
rounded, similar to the ew
sound in ewe (female
sheep).
2.2.2 Zhuyin
zhù yin̄ fú hào
注音符號
to annotate sound symbol mark
zhuyin symbol
An alternative phonetic system to pinyin is 注音符號 (zhù yin̄ fú hào), or here referred
to simply as Zhuyin. Alternative names for Zhuyin include
¬ BoPoMoFo based on the first four characters of Zhuyin (ㄅㄆㄇㄈ)
Mandarin Phonetic Symbols I (國語注音符號第一式)
® MPS I (注音一式) — an abbreviation of
¯ Mandarin Phonetic Symbols (國語注音符號) — another abbreviation of
If you are interested in learning traditional Chinese characters, then you may find
learning Zhuyin very much worth your time. There is a huge number of children’s

books available written using traditional Chinese characters with zhuyin beside each
character. So even if you do not know many Chinese characters, you will still be
able to pronounce accurately each character, will be able to look up the meaning of
each character in a dictionary, and can have access to a wealth of language learning
material. Many such children’s books also come with an audio CD, allowing you to
also improve your listening comprehension.
Here is a table showing the relationship between zhuyin and pinyin. Once you know
these relationships, you can easily convert the zhuyin you see in a book to pinyin that
is often used in Chinese/English dictionaries.
ㄅ b ㄋ n ㄑ q ㄗ z ㄝ ye ㄣ en ㄩ ü
ㄆ p ㄌ l ㄒ xi ㄘ c ㄞ ai ㄤ ang
ㄇ m ㄍ g ㄓ zhi ㄙ s ㄟ ei ㄥ eng
ㄈ f ㄎ k ㄔ chi ㄚ a ㄠ ao ㄦ er
ㄉ d ㄏ h ㄕ shi ㄛ o ㄡ ou ㄧ yi
ㄊ t ㄐ j ㄖ re ㄜ e ㄢ an ㄨ u
In addition to these sounds, tones are usually represented by marks next to the words,
as described next:
tone marking examples
¬ first tone (high tone) 媽, 八歌
second tone (rising tone) ´ 麻, 拔格
® third tone (low tone) ˇ 馬, 把舸
¯ fourth tone (falling tone) ` 罵, 爸各
° no tone (neutral tone) ˙ 麼, 吧個
Similar to English speaking children’s custom of singing the “ABC” song to learn the
English alphabet, Chinese speaking children learning zhuyin often chant the zhuyin
alphabet starting in the upper left corner, going down, and proceeding column by
column like this:

18 2009 May 6
Daniel J. Greenhoe (柯晨光) 2.3. SOUNDS OF MANDARIN CHINESE
(start) → be → pe → me → fe → de → te y
→ ne → le → ge → ke → he → ji y
→ qi → xi → zhi → chi → shi → re y
→ zi → ci → si → a → o → e y
→ yi → ai → ei → ao → ou → an y
→ en → ang → eng → er → yi → u y
→ ü
Here is an example of a very old and very famous Chinese poem (and more recently,
a very famous song as well) using Chinese characters with zhuyin phonetic symbols:
明月幾時有，把酒問青天。
不知天上宮闕，今夕是何年。
我欲乘風歸去，又恐瓊樓玉宇，高處不勝寒。
起舞弄清影，何似在人間。
轉朱閣，低綺戶，照無眠。
不應有恨，何事長向別時圓。
人有悲歡離合，月有陰晴圓缺，此事古難全。
但願人長久，千里共嬋娟。
2.3 Sounds of Mandarin Chinese
Here is a fairly complete list of sounds (phones) of Mandarin Chinese.3 The columns
“1, 2, 3, 4, n” represent first tone, second tone, third tone, forth tone, and neutral,
√
respectively. A check ( ) in a column signifies that a character with the given sound
(“phone”) and tone exists in Mandarin Chinese.
Pinyin Zhuyin 1234n Pinyin Zhuyin 1234n

√ √√ √√√√
1. a ㄚ 2. ai ㄞ
√√ √√ √
3. an ㄢ 4. ang ㄤ
√√√√ √√√√√
5. ao ㄠ 6. ba ㄅㄚ
√√√√ √ √√
7. bai ㄅㄞ 8. ban ㄅㄢ
√ √√ √√√
9. bang ㄅㄤ 10. bao ㄅㄠ
√ √√ √ √√
11. bei ㄅㄟ 12. ben ㄅㄣ
3 Reference: 葉德明 (2000): Far East Pinyin Chinese-English Dictionary: 遠東拼音漢英辭典

√√√√ √√√√
13. beng ㄅㄥ 14. bi ㄅㄧ
√ √√ √ √
15. bian ㄅㄧㄢ 16. biao ㄅㄧㄠ
√√√√ √√
17. bie ㄅㄧㄝ 18. bin ㄅㄧㄣ
√ √√ √√√√√
19. bing ㄅㄧㄥ 20. bo ㄅㄛ
√√ √
21. bu ㄅㄨ 22. ca ㄘㄚ
√√√√ √√√√
23. cai ㄘㄞ 24. can ㄘㄢ
√√ √√√
25. cang ㄘㄤ 26. cao ㄘㄠ
√ √√
27. ce ㄘㄜ 28. cen ㄘㄣ
√ √√√√
29. ceng ㄘㄥ 30. cha ㄔㄚ
√√ √√√√
31. chai ㄔㄞ 32. chan ㄔㄢ
√√√√ √√√√
33. chang ㄔㄤ 34. chao ㄔㄠ
√ √√ √√ √
35. che ㄔㄜ 36. chen ㄔㄣ
√√√√ √√√√
37. cheng ㄔㄥ 38. chi ㄔ
√√√√ √√√√
39. chong ㄔㄨㄥ 40. chou ㄔㄡ
√√√√ √
41. chu ㄔㄨ 42. chuai ㄔㄨㄞ
√√√√ √√√√
43. chuan ㄔㄨㄢ 44. chuang ㄔㄨㄤ
√√ √√√
45. chui ㄔㄨㄏ 46. chun ㄔㄨㄣ
√ √ √√√√
47. chuo ㄔㄨㄛ 48. ci ㄘ
√√ √
49. cong ㄘㄨㄥ 50. cou ㄘㄡ
√√ √ √
51. cu ㄘㄨ 52. cuan ㄘㄨㄢ
√ √√ √√√√
53. cui ㄘㄨㄟ 54. cun ㄘㄨㄣ
√ √ √√√√
55. cuo ㄘㄨㄡ 56. da ㄉㄚ
√ √√ √ √√
57. dai ㄉㄞ 58. dan ㄉㄢ
√ √√ √ √√
59. dang ㄉㄤ 60. dao ㄉㄠ
√ √ √
61. de ㄉㄜ 62. dei ㄉㄏ
√ √√ √√√√
63. deng ㄉㄥ 64. di ㄉㄧ
√ √√ √ √
65. dian ㄉㄧㄢ 66. diao ㄉㄧㄠ
√√ √ √√
67. die ㄉㄧㄜ 68. ding ㄉㄧㄥ
√ √ √√
69. diu ㄉㄧㄨ 70. dong ㄉㄨ
√ √√ √√√√
71. dou ㄉㄡ 72. du ㄉㄨ
√ √√ √ √
73. duan ㄉㄨㄢ 74. dui ㄉㄨㄟ
√ √√ √√√√
75. dun ㄉㄨㄣ 76. duo ㄉㄨㄡ
√√√√ √
77. e ㄜ 78. en ㄣ
√ √√ √√√√
79. er ㄦ 80. fa ㄈㄚ
√√√√ √√√√
81. fan ㄈㄢ 82. fang ㄈㄤ
√√√√ √√√√
83. fei ㄈㄟ 84. fen ㄈㄣ
√√√√ √
85. feng ㄈㄥ 86. fo ㄈㄛ
√√ √√√√
87. fou ㄈㄡ 88. fu ㄈㄨ

20 2009 May 6
√√ √ √√
89. ga ㄍㄚ 90. gai ㄍㄞ
√ √√ √ √√
91. gan ㄍㄢ 92. gang ㄍㄤ
√ √√ √√√√
93. gao ㄍㄠ 94. ge ㄍㄜ
√ √ √√
95. gei ㄍㄟ 96. gen ㄍㄣ
√ √√ √ √√
97. geng ㄍㄥ 98. gong ㄍㄨㄥ
√ √√ √√√√
99. gou ㄍㄡ 100. gu ㄍㄨ
√ √√ √ √√
101. gua ㄍㄨㄚ 102. guai ㄍㄨㄞ
√ √√ √ √√
103. guan ㄍㄨㄢ 104. guang ㄍㄨㄤ
√ √√ √√
105. gui ㄍㄨㄟ 106. gun ㄍㄨㄣ
√√√√ √√√
107. guo ㄍㄨㄡ 108. ha ㄏㄚ
√√√√ √√√√
109. hai ㄏㄞ 110. han ㄏㄢ
√ √ √√√
111. hang ㄏㄤ 112. hao ㄏㄠ
√√ √ √
113. he ㄏㄜ 114. hei ㄏㄟ
√√√ √√ √
115. hen ㄏㄣ 116. heng ㄏㄥ
√√√√ √√√
117. hong ㄏㄨㄥ 118. hou ㄏㄡ
√√√√ √√ √
119. hu ㄏㄨ 120. hua ㄏㄨㄚ
√ √ √√√√
121. huai ㄏㄨㄞ 122. huan ㄏㄨㄢ
√√√√ √√√√
123. huang ㄏㄨㄤ 124. hui ㄏㄨㄟ
√√√√ √√√√
125. hun ㄏㄨㄣ 126. huo ㄏㄨㄡ
√√√√ √√√√
127. ji ㄐㄧ 128. jia ㄐㄧㄚ
√ √√ √ √√
129. jian ㄐㄧㄢ 130. jiang ㄐㄧㄤ
√√√√ √√√√
131. jiao ㄐㄧㄠ 132. jie ㄐㄧㄜ
√ √√ √ √√
133. jin ㄐㄧㄣ 134. jing ㄐㄧㄥ
√ √ √√
135. jiong ㄐㄧㄨㄥ 136. jiu ㄐㄧㄡ
√√√√ √ √√
137. ju ㄐㄨ 138. juan ㄐㄨㄢ
√√ √ √ √
139. jue ㄐㄨㄜ 140. jun ㄐㄨㄣ
√ √√ √√√√
141. ka ㄎㄚ 142. kang ㄎㄤ
√√ √√√√
143. kao ㄎㄠ 144. ke ㄎㄜ
√ √ √
145. ken ㄎㄣ 146. keng ㄎㄥ
√ √√ √√
147. kong ㄎㄨㄥ 148. kou ㄎㄡ
√ √√ √ √√
149. ku ㄎㄨ 150. kua ㄎㄨㄚ
√ √ √
151. kuai ㄎㄨㄞ 152. kuan ㄎㄨㄢ
√√ √ √√√√
153. kuang ㄎㄨㄤ 154. kui ㄎㄨㄟ
√ √√ √
155. kun ㄎㄨㄣ 156. kuo ㄎㄨㄜ
√√√√√ √ √
157. la ㄌㄚ 158. lai ㄌㄞ
√√√ √√√
159. lan ㄌㄢ 160. lang ㄌㄤ
√√√√ √√
161. lao ㄌㄠ 162. le ㄌㄜ
√√√√ √√√
163. lei ㄌㄟ 164. leng ㄌㄥ

√√√√√ √
165. li ㄌㄧ 166. lia ㄌㄧㄚ
√√√ √√√
167. lian ㄌㄧㄢ 168. liang ㄌㄧㄤ
√√√√ √√√√
169. liao ㄌㄧㄠ 170. lie ㄌㄧㄜ
√√√ √√√√
171. lin ㄌㄧㄣ 172. ling ㄌㄧㄥ
√√√√ √
173. liu ㄌㄧㄨ 174. lo ㄌㄡ
√√√ √√√√√
175. long ㄌㄨㄥ 176. lou ㄌㄡ
√√√ √√√
177. lu ㄌㄨ 178. lü ㄌㄩ
√√√ √√ √
179. luan ㄌㄨㄢ 180. lun ㄌㄨㄣ
√√√√ √√√√√
181. luo ㄌㄨㄛ 182. ma ㄇㄚ
√√√ √√√
183. mai ㄇㄞ 184. man ㄇㄢ
√√ √√√√
185. mang ㄇㄤ 186. mao ㄇㄠ
√ √√√
187. me ㄇㄜ 188. mei ㄇㄟ
√√ √ √√√√
189. men ㄇㄣ 190. meng ㄇㄥ
√√√√ √√√
191. mi ㄇㄧ 192. mian ㄇㄧㄢ
√√√ √√
193. miao ㄇㄧㄠ 194. mie ㄇㄧㄜ
√√ √√√
195. min ㄇㄧㄣ 196. ming ㄇㄧㄥ
√ √√√√
197. miu ㄇㄧㄡ 198. mo ㄇㄛ
√√√ √√√
199. mou ㄇㄡ 200. mu ㄇㄨ
√√√√ √√
201. na ㄋㄚ 202. nai ㄋㄞ
√√√ √√
203. nan ㄋㄢ 204. nang ㄋㄤ
√√√ √√
205. nao ㄋㄠ 206. ne ㄋㄜ
√√ √
207. nei ㄋㄟ 208. nen ㄋㄣ
√ √ √√√
209. neng ㄋㄥ 210. ni ㄋㄧ
√√√√ √ √
211. nian ㄋㄧㄢ 212. niang ㄋㄧㄤ
√√ √ √
213. niao ㄋㄧㄠ 214. nie ㄋㄧㄜ
√√√ √√
215. nu ㄋㄨ 216. nü ㄋㄩ
√ √
217. nuan ㄋㄨㄢ 218. nüe ㄋㄩㄝ
√√√ √√
219. nuo ㄋㄨㄡ 220. o ㄛ
√ √√ √√ √
221. ou ㄡ 222. pa ㄆㄚ
√√ √ √√ √
223. pai ㄆㄞ 224. pan ㄆㄢ
√√ √ √√ √
225. pang ㄆㄤ 226. pao ㄆㄠ
√√ √ √√
227. pei ㄆㄟ 228. pen ㄆㄣ
√√√√ √√√√
229. peng ㄆㄥ 230. pi ㄆㄧ
√√ √ √√√√
231. pian ㄆㄧㄢ 232. piao ㄆㄧㄠ
√√√√ √√
233. pin ㄆㄧㄣ 234. ping ㄆㄧㄥ
√√√√ √ √
235. po ㄆㄛ 236. pou ㄆㄡ
√√√√ √√√√
237. pu ㄆㄨ 238. qi ㄑㄧ
√√√√ √√√√
239. qia ㄑㄧㄚ 240. qian ㄑㄧㄢ

22 2009 May 6
√√√√ √√√√
241. qiang ㄑㄧㄤ 242. qiao ㄑㄧㄠ
√√√√ √√√√
243. qie ㄑㄧㄝ 244. qin ㄑㄧㄣ
√√√√ √√
245. qing ㄑㄧㄥ 246. qiong ㄑㄧㄨ
√√√ √√√√
247. qiu ㄑㄧㄥ 248. qu ㄑㄩ
√√√√ √√ √
249. quan ㄑㄩㄢ 250. que ㄑㄩㄝ
√ √√
251. qun ㄑㄩㄣ 252. ran ㄖㄢ
√√√√ √√√
253. rang ㄖㄤ 254. rao ㄖㄠ
√√ √√√
255. re ㄖㄜ 256. ren ㄖㄣ
√√ √
257. reng ㄖㄥ 258. ri ㄖㄧ
√√ √√√
259. rong ㄖㄨㄥ 260. rou ㄖㄡ
√√√ √
261. ru ㄖㄨ 262. ruan ㄖㄨㄢ
√√ √
263. rui ㄖㄨㄟ 264. run ㄖㄨㄣ
√ √ √√
265. ruo ㄖㄨㄡ 266. sa ㄙㄚ
√ √ √ √√
267. sai ㄙㄞ 268. san ㄙㄢ
√ √√ √ √√
269. sang ㄙㄤ 270. sao ㄙㄠ
√ √
271. se ㄙㄜ 272. sen ㄙㄣ
√ √√√√
273. seng ㄙㄥ 274. sha ㄕㄚ
√ √√ √ √√
275. shai ㄕㄞ 276. shan ㄕㄢ
√ √√ √√√√
277. shang ㄕㄤ 278. shao ㄕㄠ
√√√√ √
279. she ㄕㄜ 280. shei ㄕㄟ
√√√√ √√√√
281. shen ㄕㄣ 282. sheng ㄕㄥ
√√√√√ √√√√
283. shi ㄕ 284. shou ㄕㄡ
√√√√ √ √√
285. shu ㄕㄨ 286. shua ㄕㄨㄚ
√ √√ √ √
287. shuai ㄕㄨㄞ 288. shuan ㄕㄨㄢ
√ √ √√√
289. shuang ㄕㄨㄤ 290. shui ㄕㄨㄟ
√√ √ √
291. shun ㄕㄨㄣ 292. shuo ㄕㄨㄛ
√ √√ √ √√
293. si ㄙ 294. song ㄙㄨㄤ
√ √√ √√ √
295. sou ㄙㄡ 296. su ㄙㄨ
√ √ √√√√
297. suan ㄙㄨㄢ 298. sui ㄙㄨㄟ
√ √√ √√√
299. sun ㄙㄨㄣ 300. suo ㄙㄨㄛ
√ √√ √√ √
301. ta ㄊㄚ 302. tai ㄊㄞ
√√√√ √√√√
303. tan ㄊㄢ 304. tang ㄊㄤ
√√√√ √ √
305. tao ㄊㄠ 306. te ㄊㄜ
√ √√√√
307. teng ㄊㄥ 308. ti ㄊㄧ
√√√ √√√√
309. tian ㄊㄧㄢ 310. tiao ㄊㄧㄠ
√ √ √√√√
311. tie ㄊㄧㄝ 312. ting ㄊㄧㄥ
√√√√ √√ √
313. tong ㄊㄨㄥ 314. tou ㄊㄡ
√√√√ √√
315. tu ㄊㄩ 316. tuan ㄊㄩㄢ

√√√√ √√ √
317. tui ㄊㄩㄟ 318. tun ㄊㄩㄣ
√√√√ √√√√√
319. tuo ㄊㄩㄛ 320. wa ㄨㄚ
√ √ √√√√
321. wai ㄨㄞ 322. wan ㄨㄢ
√√√√ √√√√
323. wang ㄨㄤ 324. wei ㄨㄟ
√√√√ √ √√
325. wen ㄨㄣ 326. weng ㄨㄥ
√ √√ √√√√
327. wo ㄨㄛ 328. wu ㄨ
√√√√ √√ √
329. xi ㄒㄧ 330. xia ㄒㄧㄚ
√√√√ √√√√
331. xian ㄒㄧㄢ 332. xiang ㄒㄧㄤ
√√√√ √√√√
333. xiao ㄒㄧㄠ 334. xie ㄒㄧㄝ
√√ √ √√√√
335. xin ㄒㄧㄣ 336. xing ㄒㄧㄥ
√√ √ √√
337. xiong ㄒㄩㄥ 338. xiu ㄒㄧㄡ
√√√√ √√√√
339. xu ㄒㄩ 340. xuan ㄒㄩㄢ
√√√√ √√ √
341. xue ㄒㄩㄝ 342. xun ㄒㄩㄣ
√√√√√ √
343. ya ㄧㄚ 344. yai ㄧㄞ
√√√√ √√√√
345. yan ㄧㄢ 346. yang ㄧㄤ
√√√√ √√√√
347. yao ㄧㄠ 348. ye ㄧㄜ
√√√√ √√√√
349. yi ㄧ 350. yin ㄧㄣ
√√√√ √√√√
351. ying ㄧㄥ 352. yong ㄧㄨㄥ
√√√√ √√√√
353. you ㄧㄡ 354. yu ㄧㄨ
√√√√ √ √
355. yuan ㄧㄨㄢ 356. yue ㄧㄨㄝ
√√√√ √
357. yun ㄧㄨㄣ 358. za ㄗㄚ
√ √√ √√ √
359. zai ㄗㄞ 360. zan ㄗㄢ
√ √ √√√√
361. zang ㄗㄤ 362. zao ㄗㄠ
√√√ √
363. ze ㄗㄜ 364. zei ㄗㄟ
√ √ √ √
365. zen ㄗㄣ 366. zeng ㄗㄥ
√√√√ √√√√
367. zha ㄓㄚ 368. zhai ㄓㄞ
√ √√ √ √√
369. zhan ㄓㄢ 370. zhang ㄓㄤ
√√√√ √√√√√
371. zhao ㄓㄠ 372. zhe ㄓㄜ
√ √ √√
373. zhei ㄓㄟ 374. zhen ㄓㄣ
√ √√ √√√√
375. zheng ㄓㄥ 376. zhi ㄓ
√ √√ √√√√
377. zhong ㄓㄨㄥ 378. zhou ㄓㄡ
√√√√ √ √
379. zhu ㄓㄨ 380. zhua ㄓㄨㄚ
√ √√ √ √
381. zhuan ㄓㄨㄢ 382. zhuang ㄓㄨㄤ
√ √ √ √
383. zhui ㄓㄨㄟ 384. zhun ㄓㄨㄣ
√√ √ √√
385. zhuo ㄓㄨㄛ 386. zi ㄗ
√ √√ √ √√
387. zong ㄗㄨㄥ 388. zou ㄗㄡ
√√√ √ √√
389. zu ㄗㄨ 390. zuan ㄗㄨㄢ
√√ √
391. zui ㄗㄨㄟ 392. zun ㄗㄨㄣ

24 2009 May 6
√√√√
393. zuo ㄗㄨㄛ


26 2009 May 6
CHAPTER 3
GRAMMAR
3.1 Personal pronouns
dài mińg cı́

In English, personal prounouns often change
代名詞 substantially depending on
substitute name word gender (e.g. he, she, it)
noun grammatical number (e.g. he, them)
| {z } grammatical case (e.g. he, his)
pronoun
In Mandarin Chinese, such modifications are simplier. The spoken form of Mandarin
does not distinguish between different genders of pronouns. “He”, “she”, and “it” are
all pronounced “tā”. However the written form of Mandarin does distinguish gender.
“He” is written , “she” is written , “it” is written . A singular pronoun becomes plural
by adding the (mén) character to the end. A pronoun becomes possessive by adding
the (de) character to the end.
Specific examples of pronouns are listed in Vocabulary Table 3.1 (page 28).
27
CHAPTER 3. GRAMMAR Daniel J. Greenhoe (柯晨光)
Table 3.1: Personal pronouns

I wǒ we wǒ mén
我我們
I I (plural)
you nǐ you nǐ mén
(singular) 你 (plural) 你們
you you (plural)
he tā them tā mén
他 (mascu- 他們
he line) he (plural)
she tā them (fe- tā mén
她 menine) 她們
she she (plural)
it tā them tā mén
它 (neuter) 它們
it it (plural)
my wǒ de our wǒ de de
我的我的的
I (’s) I (’s) (’s)
your nǐ de your nǐ mén de
(singular) 你的 (plural) 你們的
you (’s) you (’s)
his tā de their tā mén de
他的 (mascu- 他們的
he line) he (’s)
her tā de their (fe- tā mén de
她的 menine) 她們的
she (’s) she (’s)
it’s tā de their tā mén de
它的 (neuter) 它們的
it (’s) it (’s)

28 2009 May 6
Daniel J. Greenhoe (柯晨光) 3.2. QUANTIFIERS
In English, when we want to emphasize a noun or pronoun, we might do so by adding

some word after the noun/pronoun such as in “I myself”, “he himself”, “they them-
selves”, “Mary herself”, “The President himself”, etc. In Chinese, a similar effect can
be achieved by the Chinese character 才 (cái) or 則 (zé). Examples appear in Sentence
Table 3.2 (page 29).
Table 3.2: I myself

I myself wǒ cái tǎo yàn ňi ne 1
loathe 我才討厭你呢 !
you! I only to demand to detest you (a sound)
I myself to loathe
Dad, as bà ba zé fù zé tūi
for him, 爸爸則負責推
was in dad dad as for him to bear duty to push
charge of dad to be in charge of
pushing shǒu tūi chē 2
the 。
shopping
手推車
hand to push wheeled devices
cart. | {z }
shopping cart
3.2 Quantifiers
For every noun in Chinese, there is a quantifier character, or measure wors (MW). So
when you talk about a number of something, the quantifier goes between the number
and the noun. The most common quantifier is 個 (ge). And when in doubt, just use
the the 個 quantifier and you will be understood, howbeit possibly using substandard
Chinese. Vocabulary Table 3.3 (next) provides some quantifiers used in Chinese.
2 Young and Kim (2003c): 毛蟲家族去購物 The caterpillar family goes shopping, page 8

Table 3.3: quantifiers for countable nouns
quantifier useage examples

bǎ things chǎn zi shū zi
把 with long 鏟子，梳子
handle handles shovel son comb son
shovel comb
běn books shū
本書
stem book
bù vehicles chē zi
部車子
part vehicle son
vehicle
dòng buildings mù wū
棟木屋
main beam wood house
cottage
dùan a length of śhi jiān liǔ tiáo
段 things 時間，柳條
paragraph time between willow stip
time willow twig
dùn meals
頓
pause
dǔo flowers hūa
朵花
flower
fēng letters (of xiǹ
封 corre- 信
to seal spon- letter
dence)

30 2009 May 6

fèn copies of bào žhi lǐ wù
份 docu- 報紙，禮物
portion ments, to report paper ceremony matter
gifts newspaper gift
ge general
個 purpose
(quantifier) quantifier
gēn root like shù z̄hi hú lúo bo

根 things 樹支，胡蘿蔔
roots tree branch reckless creeping plant edible roots
| {z }
branch
carrot
biān zi
，鞭子
whip son
whip
hù things rén jiā
戶 with 人家
door doors people household
household
jiān houses fáng zi
間 and rooms 房子
room house son
house
jiā companies gōng s̄i
家公司
household public in charge of
company
jiàn matters s̀hi qińg
件事情
document affairs situation
a matter


kē trees, and qiú bèi ké cǎo méi fān qié
棵 small 球，貝殼，草莓，番茄
(quantifier) objects ball shellfish shell straw berries a sort of eggplant
shell strawberry tomato
shù
，樹
tree
kǒu objects jiňg
口 with 井
mouth openings well
kuài chunks of jī mù
塊 things 積木
chunk to accumulate wood
building blocks
lı̀ small niǔ kòu
粒 items 鈕扣
granule button to button
clothing button
liàng vehicles q̀i chē
輛汽車
steam vehicle
car
miàn things jiǹg zi
面 with a 鏡子
face to face face mirror son
mirror
p̄i pack mǎ bān mǎ
匹 animals 馬，斑馬
equal to horse spots horse
zebra

32 2009 May 6

piàn wide and hūa yúan
片 flat objects 花園
slice flower garden
flower garden
tái heavy diàn s̀hi diàn nǎo
台 machines 電視，電腦
platform and electric to look at electric brain
appliances television computer
tiáo long lù yú (see also 尾 wěi) máo jin̄
條 ribbon- 路，魚，毛巾
long strip like road fish hair cloth
objects towel
tóu large niú dà xiàng s̄hi zi
頭 animals 牛，大象，獅子
head cow big elephant lion son
elephant lion
wěi fish yú (more commonly 條 tiáo)
尾魚
tail fish
zhǎn lamps yóu dēng
盞油燈
small cup oil lamp
oil lamp
zhāng flat objects žhi tiáo shū zhūo chúang
張紙條，書桌，床
to spread paper strip book table bed
slip of paper desk


z̄hi animals dà xiàng xiǎo yā hú dié
隻 (both big 大象，小鴨，蝴蝶
single and big elephant little duck butterfly butterfly
small), elephant duckling butterfly
hand-held kùai zi yá shūa
stick-like ，筷
utensils
子，牙刷
chopsticks son tooth brush
chopsticks toothbrush
3.3 Verbs
dòng cı́ In English, verbs change substantially depend-

動詞 ing on
number (e.g. he walks, they walk)
to move word
verb
tense (e.g. walked, walk, will walk)
Some common verbs are listed in Vocabulary Table 5.8 (page 87) and some examples
listed in Sentence Table 3.5 (page 35).
Table 3.4: Common verbs

to do zùo to operate cāo zùo
作操作
to handle to do
to see kàn to look at kàn zhe
看看著
see (adverbial particle)
to look tàn wàng to look zhāng wàng
about 探望 around 張望
to investigate to look afar to spread to look afar

34 2009 May 6
Daniel J. Greenhoe (柯晨光) 3.3. VERBS

to stare at din̄g zhe kàn to glare at dèng zhe
盯著看瞪著
fix eyes on (adv. part.) see glare (adv. part.)
to listen tin̄g to smell wén
聽聞
listen
to say shūo to talk jiǎng hùa
說講話
say to speak talks
to want yào to need xū yào
要需要
need want
to like xǐ hūan to love aı̀
喜歡愛
happy cheerful love
to eat chī to drink hē
吃喝
to wish yùan yı̀ 3
願意
hope idea
Table 3.5: Examples of common verbs

I see you. wǒ kàn dào nǐ
我看到你。
I see reach you
see
3 劉嘉裕 (1999b): 醜小鴨 (chǒu xiǎo yā) — The Ugly Duckling, page 30


I look at wǒ kàn zhe nǐ
you. 我看著你。
I see (particle) you
look at
From tā mén cóng jiā lǐ shēn chū tóu lái
inside 他們從家裡伸出頭來
their he (plural) from home inside to stretch to exit head to come
homes they to stick out
they stuck tàn wàng 4
out their 。
heads and 探望
to investigate to look afar
looked
about. to look about
The crow wū yā jı́ máng chū dòng zhāng wàng 5
hurriedly 烏鴉急忙出洞張望。
exited the black crow urgent busy to exit hole to spread to look afar
hole and crow hurriedly to look around
peeped
around.
3.4 Adjectives
xı́ng róng cı́
形容詞 As in English, adjectives in Chinese often come

appearance contain word
before the noun it describes.
to describe
| {z }
adjective
4 幼福編輯部 (2005b): 獅子王的原則 (s̄hi zi wáng de yúan zé) The King of Lion’s Principle, page 4
5 風車編輯部/編 (2002): 10隻討厭的烏鴉 — Ten Disagreeable Crows, page 57

36 2009 May 6
Daniel J. Greenhoe (柯晨光) 3.5. ADVERBS
Table 3.6: Adjectives describing size

big dà small xǐao
大小
long cháng short dǔan
長短
tall gāo short aǐ
高矮
wide kūan narrow zhǎi
寬窄
3.5 Adverbs
Table 3.7: Adverbs

almost jī hū
幾乎
almost

Table 3.8: Adverbs

The house wū zi lǐ miàn hǎo aǹ xiǎo zhāng yú jī hū
was very 屋子裡面好暗，小章魚幾乎
dark house son inside face good dark little stamp fish almost
inside, house inside octopus
and Little kàn bú jiàn dōng x̄i 6
Octopus
almost 看不見東西。
to look at not to see east west
couldn’t
see things
anything.
3.6 Negation
Negation in English is performed using the word not

and sometimes using prefixes such as non- and un-. bù
fǒu diǹg In Chinese, negation is performed using the charac-
ters 不 (bù) or 沒 (méi). The character 沒 is always ei-
不
否定 ther used with 有 (yóu) giving 沒有 (not have) or used
not
méi
to negate to set alone as a shortened form of 沒有. When you want to
to negate negate a verb, the trick is to determine when to use 沒
the “have” form (and thus use 沒) and when not to not (have)
use the “have” form (and thus use 不) — good luck.
6 李美華 (2008b): 讓人思念的小章魚 — The Little Octopus . . . , page 10

38 2009 May 6
Daniel J. Greenhoe (柯晨光) 3.6. NEGATION
Table 3.9: Negation

I do not wǒ bù xǐ hūan I have wǒ méi chī gùo
like to eat 我不喜歡 never 我沒吃過
bananas. I not happy cheerful eaten I not (have) eat to pass
like bananas. eaten
chī xiāng jiāo xiāng jiāo
吃香蕉。香蕉。
eat fragrant banana fragrant banana
banana banana
Do you nǐ yào bù yào Do you nǐ yǒu méi yǒu
want 你要不要 ? have 你有沒有
or you want not want or you have not (have) have
not? not?
?
Do you nǐ yào bù yào chī Have you nǐ chī bǎo le
want to 你要不要吃 eaten? 你吃飽了
eat? you want not want eat you eat full
méi
? 沒 ?
not (have)
Do you nǐ yào bù yào Have you nǐ shùi bǎo le
want to 你要不要 had 你睡飽了
sleep? you want not want enough you to sleep full
shùi jiào sleep? méi
睡覺 ? 沒 ?
to sleep sleep not (have)
sleep


Do you nǐ yào bù yào tin̄g Do you nǐ tin̄g dào le
want to 你要不要聽 hear me 你聽到了
hear ? you want not want hear or not!? you hear to reach
hear
? méi
沒 !?
not (have)
Do you nǐ yào bù yào kàn Do you nǐ kàn dào le
want to 你要不要看 see it or 你看到了
take a you want not want see not? you see to reach
look? hear
? méi
沒 ?
not (have)
He does tā bú yào qù He has tā méi qù gùo
not want 他不要去 not been 他沒去過
to go to he not want go to Europe. he not (have) go to pass
Europe. oū zhōu went
歐洲。 oū zhōu
Europe continent 歐洲。
Europe Europe continent
Europe
Success and failure in verbs. Nouns and verbs in Chinese are very often com-
posed of pairs of characters such as “打到” in “打到求” (dǎ dào qiú) — “hit
the ball”. A verb is by nature an “action” word — and of course one in-
tent on performing an action may either succeed or fail at his or her attempt.

40 2009 May 6
Daniel J. Greenhoe (柯晨光) 3.6. NEGATION
bù
(initial verb)
不 (complimentary verb)
In Chinese, success or failure
in performing the action of a
not
| {z } two character verb can be con-
fail to perform the action expressed by the verb veniently expressed by inserting
dé a (bù , “not”) indicating fail-
(initial verb)
得 (complimentary verb)
ure or a (dé, “to get”) indicat-
ing success. Examples follow in
to get
| {z } Sentence Table 3.10 (page 41).
successfully perform the action expressed by the verb
Table 3.10: Verb pairs imbedded with or

She (suc- tā dǎ dé dào qiú
cessfully) 她打得到求。
hit the she hit to get to reach ball
ball. | {z }
successfully hit
She failed tā dǎ bù dào qiú
tried but 她打不到求。
failed to she hit not to reach ball
hit the | {z }
ball. failed to hit
The cat māo zhūa dé dào lǎo shǔ
(success- 貓抓得到老鼠。
fully) cat grabbed to get to reach old mouse
caught the | {z }
mouse
mouse. successfully grabbed
The cat māo zhūa bú dào lǎo shǔ
couldn’t 貓抓不到老鼠。
grab the cat grabbed not to reach old mouse
mouse. | {z }
mouse
failed to grab


The Prince wáng zǐ gēn běn bǎ chéng bǎo jiǹ bú qù
ultimately 王子根本把城堡進不去
could not king son roots stem a city wall fortress to enter not to go
enter the | {z }
prince ultimately castle
castle. failed to enter
7
Double negation. Sentences in Chinese are some-

times stated as a double negative, with the first nega-
fēi ... bù kě tion toward the beginning of the sentence and the sec-
ond toward the end. This same construct exists in En-
非不可 glish as well, such as in “If I don’t make it to the top
not not to permit of the mountain,. . . well that is simply unthinkable!”
not permitted That is, you state that something absolutely must oc-
cur and for it not to occur is unfathomable. Examples
follow in Sentence Table 3.11 (page 42).
Table 3.11: Double negation

If this zhè yı́ cı̀ wǒ fēi yào kàn dào tā de zhēn miàn mù ,
time I 這一次我非要看到他的真面目
don’t see this one order I not will see arrive he ’s real face eye
him truly once see his face
face-to- bù kě 8
face
eye-to-
不可 !
not to permit
eye,. . . totally
not permissible
unacept-
able!
7 蘇錦梅 (1999): 乞丐王子 (qǐ gài wáng zǐ) — The Prince and the Pauper, page 18
8 幼福編輯部 (2005d): 黑猩猩來了 The black gorilla is coming, page 7

42 2009 May 6
Daniel J. Greenhoe (柯晨光) 3.7. EMPHASIS AND CONTRASTS

There is wǒ fēi yào zhǎo dào tā bù kě 9
no way 我非要找到他不可。
that I I not want to look for to reach him not to permit
don’t to find
want to
find him.
3.7 Emphasis and contrasts
Table 3.12: Emphasis and contrasts

but qùe entirely biǹg
卻並
furthermore eŕ qiě instead/on fǎn eŕ
而且 the 反而
and/but just contrary contrary and/but
The character 卻 is used to support the contrast of ideas. Adding the character 並
(biǹg) in front of a negating verb adds emphasis to the verb. The use of 並 is com-
pletely optional. Sentence Table 3.13 page 44 (next) gives examples.
9 劉嘉裕 (1999): 三劍客 (sān jiàn kè) The Three Musketeers, page 6

Table 3.13: Emphasizing negation using 並

Tom’s life tāng mǔ biǹg méi yǒu xiàng wáng zǐ nà me
was 湯姆並沒有像王子那麼
entirely soup governess entirely not have to resemble king son that
without Tom not have prince so
resem- xiǹg yùn 10
blance to
the 幸運。
good fortune luck
Prince’s so
fortunate fortunate
life.
The kǒu bù kě le dù zi qùe è le 11
mouth is 口不渴了，肚子卻餓了 !
no longer mouth not thirsty belly son hungry
but
thirsty, stomach
but the
stomach
instead
becomes
hungry!
3.8 Questions
Questions in English are often expressed with the assistance of

wèn tı́ changing the tone of the sentence — often using a rising tone.
Sometimes boolean questions(where the response is expected to
問題 be either true or false) are expressed using the “or not” clause as
to ask a subject in “Are you coming or not?” In Chinese, tone is used to express
question the meaning of individual words and so tone alone is not such a
good option for expressing questions in Chinese.

44 2009 May 6
Daniel J. Greenhoe (柯晨光) 3.8. QUESTIONS
There are three basic forms of asking questions in Chinese:
À Placing the 嗎 (ma) character (also displayed to the right) at the end
of an interrogative sentence as illustrated in the left half of Sentence
Table 3.14 (page 45). ma
嗎
Á Using a question word such as 什麼, 誰, 怎麼, 哪裡, or 哪個 as de- (?)
scribed in Vocabulary Table 3.15 (page 46).
Â Using a boolean construction such as verb not verb as illustrated in the

right half of Sentence Table 3.14 (page 45).
Table 3.14: Boolean question sentences

Do you nǐ yào chī fàn ma Do you nǐ yào bú yào chī
want to 你要吃飯嗎? want to 你要不要吃
eat? you want eat rice (?) eat? you want not want eat
fàn ma
飯嗎?
rice (?)
Do you nǐ yǒu jiù de Do you nǐ yǒu méi yǒu
have old 你有舊的 have old 你有沒有
newspa- you have old (adj) newspa- you have not have
pers? old pers? not have
bào zhǐ ma jiù de bào zhǐ ma
報紙嗎? 舊的報紙嗎
inform paper (?) old (adj) inform paper (?)
newspaper old newspaper
?


Is it the shı̀ lv̀ sè de ma Is it the shı̀ bú shı̀ lv̀ sè
green 是綠色的嗎 green 是不是綠色
one? is green color (adj) (?) one? is not is green color
green green
de
? 的 ?
(adj)
Table 3.15: Question words

how zěn me what shé me
怎麼什麼
who what
where nǎ lǐ which něi ge
哪裡哪個
where inside which
who shéi why wèi shé me
誰為什麼
for what
Table 3.16: Miscellaneous Question words

Excuse qiňg wèn . . . to consult qiňg jiào 12
me, can I 請問請教
ask . . . to request to ask to request to teach
is it nán dào
possible 難道
that . . . difficult road

46 2009 May 6
Daniel J. Greenhoe (柯晨光) 3.9. CONDITIONALS
Table 3.17: Question sentences

Is it nán dào yǒu rén è zùo jù 13
possible 難道有人惡作劇 ?
that difficult road have person evil to do a play
someone | {z }
is it possible that
is playing practical joke
a practical
joke?
Is it wǒ men yě láng nán dào yǒng yǔan dōu zhè me huài
possible 我們野狼難道永遠都這麼壞
that all of I (s) wild wolves difficult road always far all this bad
us wolves we wolves is it possible that always like this
have ma 14
always
been this 嗎?
(?)
bad?
3.9 Conditionals
tiáo jiàn zǐ jù
條件子句
orderliness document seed sentence
conditions clause
13 張晉霖 and 李美華 (2008c): 流浪貓 (liú làng māo) The vagrant cat, page 18
14 腸子 (2006): 小狼的禮物 (xiǎo láng de lǐ wù) Little Wolf’s gift, page 4

Table 3.18: Conditionals

if rú gǔo
如果
according to fruit
provided that zhǐ yào
只要
only want
3.10 Conjuctions
Table 3.19: Conjuctions

although sūi rán and hàn
雖然和
although just like that
in fact qı́ shı́ or hái s̀hi
其實還是
that true still is
still hái still réng rán
還仍然
still just like that
thus yú shı̀ thereupon biàn
於是便
at that
unexpectedly jū rán
居然
to live at just like that

48 2009 May 6
Daniel J. Greenhoe (柯晨光) 3.10. CONJUCTIONS
Table 3.20: Contrasting conjuctions

nevertheless hái shı̀ 15 on the xiāng fǎn 16
還是 contrary 相反
still that mutually opposite
not only bú dàn
不但
not but
Chinese is remarkably relaxed when it comes to the use of the conjuction and. In par-
ticular, this conjunction is very often left out altogether when expressing two events
that happen in succession. Examples follow in Sentence Table 3.21 (next).
Table 3.21: Conjunction and

They all tā men dōu cóng jiā lǐ shēn chū tóu lái
stuck their 他們都從家裡伸出頭來
heads out he (s) all from home inside to stretch to exit head to come
of their they to stick out
houses tàn wàng 17
and 。
looked 探望
to investigate to look over
around.
to look about
15 劉嘉裕 (1999c): 賣香屁 (mài xiāng p̀i) — Selling Fragrant Gas, page 4
17 幼福編輯部 (2005b): 獅子王的原則 (s̄hi zi wáng de yúan zé) The King of Lion’s Principle, page 4


Opening dǎ kāi dà mén xiǎo qiàn fā xiàn
the front 打開大門，小茜發現
door, to beat to open big door little madder to send out current
Little to open front door to discover
Qian dis- mā ma qù sh‘ang bān hái méi húi jiā 18
covered
that Mom 媽媽去上班還沒回家。
mother mother to go up shift still no to back to home
had gone
to work mother to be at work to return home
and had
not yet
returned
home.
yòu yòu The English sentence pattern “both and ” can

be expressed in Chinese using the pattern illustrated
又又 to the left. Examples follow in Sentence Table 3.22
again again (page 50).
Table 3.22: Both and

The little xiǎo wū yā yòu è yòu kě 19
crow was 小烏鴉又餓又渴。
both little black crow again hungry again thirsty
hungry crow
and
thirsty.
18 李美華 (2008a): 避雨 (bı̀ yǔ) Taking shelter from the rain, page 15

50 2009 May 6
Daniel J. Greenhoe (柯晨光) 3.10. CONJUCTIONS

The kitten xiǎo māo yòu s̄hi yòu lěng 20
was both 小貓又濕又冷。
wet and little cat again wet again cold
cold. kitten
bú shı̀ jiù shı̀ The English sentence pattern

不是就是 “either or ” can be ex-
pressed in Chinese using the
not is is
pattern illustrated to the left.
(either) (or)
| {z } Examples follow in Sentence Ta-
either or ble 3.23 (page 51).
Table 3.23: either or

Dad’s bà ba pińg cháng dùi tāng mǔ bú shı̀ mà ,
usual 爸爸平常對湯姆不是罵
approach dad dad level usually as regards soup governess not is to scold
to Tom dad usual Tom (either)
was when jiù shı̀ dǎ 21
not
scolding 就是打。
is beat
him, he
was no other than
beating
him.
20 張晉霖 and 李美華 (2008c): 流浪貓 (liú làng māo) The vagrant cat, page 10

bù jǐn eŕ qǐe

不僅，而且 The English sentence pattern
not only and just “not only , but also ” can
not only but also be expressed in Chinese using
bù dàn hái yào either of the patterns shown to
不但，還要 the left. Examples follow in Sen-
not but still want tence Table 3.24 (next).
not only
Table 3.24: not only but also

I not only wǒ bú dàn xiǎng jiàn ňi hái yào hǎo hǎo
want to 我不但想見你，還要好好
see you, I I not but would like to to see you still want good good
also want all out
to all out gǎn xiè ňi ne 22
thank
you!
感謝你呢 !
to feel to thank you
to thank
The king gúo wáng bù jǐn dāng miàn kūa jiǎng tā mén
not only 國王不僅當面誇獎他們
face to country king not only equal face praise reward he s
face com- king not only in someone’s presence to commend them
mended eŕ qǐe hái shǎng cı̀ le xǔ dūo jin̄ bı̀ gěi
them, but ，而且還賞賜了許多今
also 幣給
and just still reward gift allow much gold currency to give
awarded
but also award much gold
them with
tā mén 23
much
gold. 他們。
he s
them


52 2009 May 6
Daniel J. Greenhoe (柯晨光) 3.11. ADVERBIAL PHRASES
3.11 Adverbial phrases
de The character (de) often indicates possession, as in “我的書” (wǒ

的 de shū) — “my book”. In this case it is used as a mechanism to The
introduce an adjective (which book? . . . the book that is mine).
’s (possesses)
character 的 can also be used to introduce an adverbial phrase — that is a phrase that
helps modify or describe some other verb or adjective in the sentence. In this case the
verb is the one “possessed” by the adverb — and thus the adverb describes the verb.
An adverbial phrase introduced by 的 comes before the verb it is modifying. Examples
follow in Sentence Table 3.25 (page 53).
Table 3.25: Adverbial phrases using 的

. . . Mother ... jī mā mā jiāo jı́ de wèn 24
Hen 雞媽媽焦急的問。
anxiously chicken mother mother scorched urgent ’s to ask
asked. mother anxious
The crow wū yā bǎ shǔi tān lán de hē le qǐ lái
greedily 烏鴉把水貪婪的喝了起來
drank up black crow water greedy greedy ’s drink to rise to come to
the water. crow greedy drank to rise
25
。



The cow huáng niú zài chı́ táng lǐ yōu xián de yóu lái
leisurely 黃牛在池塘裡悠閑的游來
swam yellow cow at pond pond inside leisurely leisure to swim to come
back and cow pond leisurely
forth yóu qù 26
across the
pond. 游去。
to swim to go
One meaning of the character 得 (dé) is “to the extent that”, and
is often used to begin an adverbial phrase. An adverbial phrase
de introduced by 得 comes after the verb it is modifying. Note how-
得 ever that “to the extent that” is not the only meaning of 得; it
also means to get. When 得 means “to the extent that”, it is pro-
(to the extent that)
nounced with neutral tone (de); when 得 means “to get”, it is
pronounced with rising tone (dé).
The 得 character can be neatly used to express the following English sentence struc-
tures:
¬ He was to the extent that .
He was so that he .
® He was , in fact, he was very .
Examples follow in Sentence Table 3.26 (next).
Table 3.26: Adverbial phrases

The king gúo wáng gāo xiǹg de bù dé liǎo 27
was glad, 國王高興得不得了。
in fact, he country king high cheerful not to get to understand
was glad | {z }
king glad
beyond beyond understanding
under-
standing.
27 郭桂玲: 神氣的披風 (shén qı̀ de pī fēng) — The Majestic Cape, page 17

54 2009 May 6

It is still dōng tiān hái zǎo de hěn 28
very early 冬天還早得很。
for winter, winter sky still early early
in fact, it winter
is very
early.
The xiǎo yā dòng de hún shēn fā dǒu 29
duckling 小鴨凍得渾身發抖。
was so little duck to freeze entire body to send out to tremble
freezing duckling entire body to shiver
cold that
his whole
body
shook.
The wolf láng xià de qúan shēn fā dǒu 30
was so 狼嚇得全身發抖。
scared wolf to scare entire body to send out to tremble
that his to shake
whole
body
shook.



The xiàng xià de lı̀ kè bá tǔi jiù pǎo 31
elephant 象嚇得立刻拔腿就跑。
was so elephant to scare to stand to carve to pull out leg just run
scared immediately
that he
immedi-
ately
picked up
his feet
and just
ran.
I am really wǒ shı́ zài kě de shòu bù liǎo 32
so thirsty 我實在渴得受不了。
that I can’t I real to exist thirsty to receive not understand
stand it. | {z }
really
can’t stand it
The cow’s niú de dù zi è de gū lū
stomach 牛的肚子餓得咕嚕
was so cow ’s stomach son hungry (a sound) (a sound)
hungry stomach “gurgle”
that with gū lū jiào 33
a “gurgle
gurgle” it 咕嚕叫。
(a sound) (a sound) to call
called out.
“gurgle”
Another less common, but somewhat colorful, way to introduce an adver-

ge bial phrase is with the use of the character 個 (ge). 個 is more commonly
used as a general purpose measure word (e.g. 兩個蘋果 — two (ge) apples).
個 In the case of introducing an adverbial phrase, it roughly means “one that”.
one that An adverbial phrase introduced by 個 comes after the verb it is modifying.
Examples follow in Sentence Table 3.27 (page 57).
31 幼福編輯部 (2005e): 小象妹找自信 An Elephant Looks For Confidence, page 23


56 2009 May 6
Table 3.27: Adverbial phrases using 個

Uncle láng shú shu hái shı̀ dǒu ge bù tińg 34
Wolf still 狼叔叔還是抖個不停。
shook a wolf uncle uncle still is to tremble one that not stop
shake that uncle still
didn’t
stop.
The little xiv̀ao shān yáng bù jin̄ hē hē hē de xiào
goat just 小山羊不禁呵呵呵的笑
couldn’t little mountain sheep not to endure (a sound) ’s to laugh
keep goat cannot refrain
himself ge bù tińg 35
from
laughing
個不停。
one that not stop
“ha-ha-
ha” with a
laugh that
would not
stop.
lián . . . dōu méi yǒu The pattern 連. . . 都沒有 (lián . . . dōu méi
連都沒有 yǒu) “even . . . all not have” is often used
in Chinese. Some examples follow in Sen-
and even all not have
not have tence Table 3.28 (page 58)


Table 3.28: Adverbial phrases using 連. . . 都沒有

Uncle láng shú shu lián hēi xin̄g xin̄g de yiňg zi
Wolf 狼叔叔連黑猩猩的影子
didn’t wolf uncle uncle and even black orangutan orangutan ’s shadow
even see uncle gorilla shadow
so much dōu méi kàn dào 36
as the
Black 都沒看到。
all not see to reach
Gorilla’s
shadow. see
pin̄ miǹg In English, when we want to emphasize the desparation of a sit-

uation, may add, “. . . for your life!” onto the end. In Chinese, the
拼命 “for your life” is 拼命 (pān miǹg) and may be used with most any
go all out life verb to express the use of extreme exertion. Sentence Table 3.29
do desparately (page 58) gives some examples.
Table 3.29: for your life

Run for pin̄ miǹg pǎo
your life! 拼命跑!
go all out life run
do desparately
Climb for pin̄ miǹg pá
your life! 拼命爬 !
go all out life climb
do desparately
Scrub for pin̄ miǹg shūa
your life! 拼命刷 !
go all out life scrub
do desparately

58 2009 May 6

Study for pin̄ miǹg xúe
your life! 拼命學 !
go all out life study
do desparately
The crow wū yā pin̄ miǹg de hē 37
drank for 烏鴉拼命的喝。
his life. black crow go all out life ’s drank
crow do desparately
Little xiǎo bái tù pin̄ miǹg xǐ 38
White 小白兔拼命洗。
Rabbit little white rabbit go all out life wash
washed do desparately
for his life.
In English there is a sen-

tence pattern “No matter
how he (verb), he still can- kě s̀hi zě me yě
not (verb) enough.” A sim- 可是怎麼也。
ilar mechanism in Chinese to approve that who (?) (verb) also (failed action)
is illustrated to the right but how
and in Sentence Table 3.30
(next).
Table 3.30: No matter how

But no matter how kě s̀hi zě me x̌i yě x̌i bù gān jiǹg 39
much he washed, he 可是怎麼洗也洗不乾淨。
couldn’t wash to approve that who wash also wash not dry clean
himself clean. but how clean



But no matter how kě s̀hi gōng jī zài zě me mài lı̀
much the rooster 可是公雞再怎麼賣力
further exerted to approve that male chicken further who (?) to sell force
himself, he didn’t but rooster how to exert
have the alarm yě méi yǒu nào zhōng jiào de jiǔ
clock’s crowing ，也沒有鬧鐘
duration or brilliant
叫得久
also no have noisy clock to crow duration
and magnificent
not have alarm clock
sound.
jiào de hóng liàng 40
，叫得宏亮。
to crow magnificent loud and clear
magnificent and clear
kuài English speakers often say that something “almost” happened.

One way to express this in Chinese is with the character 快, as
快 illustrated to the left and with an example in Sentence Table 3.31
almost (next).
Table 3.31: Almost

Wow! So wa hǎo pàng a pàng dào dōu kuài jǐ bù
Fat! So fat 哇 !好胖呀 ! 胖到都快擠不
that you wow very fat fat to reach all almost almost not
almost jiǹ lái 41
can’t
squeeze
進來 !
to enter to come
through
to come in
the door!
40 胡韶真 (2007): 公雞國王 (gōng jī gúo wáng) The rooster named King, page 10
41 張晉霖 (2005d): 奇怪的客人 (qı́ gùai de kè rén) — The Strange Visitor, page 9

60 2009 May 6
Daniel J. Greenhoe (柯晨光) 3.12. PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES
3.12 Prepositional phrases
lái Expressing the purpose of some action can be accomplished us-

ing the 來 (lái) character, which means “to come”. In this context,
來 it can be translated as “to”, “so that”, or “for the purpose of”. An
to come example follows.
Table 3.32: for the purpose of

Little Wolf xiǎo láng júe diǹg dūo zùo hǎo s̀hi lái
resolved 小狼決定多做好事來
to do little wolf to decide to fix many to do good affairs to come
many to resolve good deeds
good jiàn lı̀ yě láng de hǎo xińg xiàng 42
deeds to 。
build up 建立野狼的好形象
to establish to stand wild wolves (’s) good appearance appearance
the good
image of to build up image
wild
wolves.
I really wǒ zhēn bù yin̄g gāi chū hùai zhǔ ỳi lái
shouldn’t 我真不應該出壞主意來
come up I really not should should to exit bad owner meaning to come
with bad should idea
ideas to zhūo nòng tā 43
play tricks
on her. 捉弄她。
to catch her
to play a joke on
43 狐狸與鸛鳥 (hú lı́ yǔ gùan niǎo) The Fox and the Stork, page 15

3.13 More
In English, there is a sentence pattern “the yùe yùe

more I , the more I ”. This same 越越
pattern in Chinese can be accomplished us- more (verb) more (verb)
ing either the 越 (yùe, to get over) character yù yù
or the 愈 (yù, more and more) character, as 愈愈
illustrated to the right. more (verb) more (verb)
The 越 (yùe) pattern is the one most often used in conversation, whereas the 愈 (yù)
pattern is more often confined to appearances in literature. Examples are provided in
Sentence Table 3.33 (next).
Table 3.33: More more

The tā men ỳi q̌i dàng qiū qiān yùe dàng yùe gāo
swang 他們一起盪鞦韆，越盪越高
together; he (s) one to rise to swing swing swing more to swing more high
the more they together swing
they 44
swang, 。
the higher
they
reached.
The more tù zi yù kàn yù bù x̌i hūan z̀i jǐ shēn
the rabbit 兔子愈看愈不喜歡自己身
looked, rabbit son more to look at more not happy joyous self oneself body
the more rabbit to like one’s own
she shàng de yán sè 45
disliked
her own 上的顏色。
on top of (’s) face color
coloration.
color
44 張晉霖 (2005): 一塊錢‧買一個夢 (ýi kùai qián · mǎi ȳi ge mèng) One dollar · buy one dream, page 25
45 余治瑩 (2006): 彩色小兔 (cǎi sè xiǎo tù) The colored rabbit, page 7

62 2009 May 6
Daniel J. Greenhoe (柯晨光) 3.14. SIMILES

The gōng jī yī tiān bǐ yī tiān lǎo yù jiào yù
rooster 公雞一天比一天老，愈叫愈
was day male chicken one day to compare one day old more to call more
by day rooster
growing c̄hi lı̀ 46
old, the
more he 吃力。
to eat strength
crowed
the more exhausting
exhaust-
ing it
became.
3.14 Similes
Similes in English are formed using “as” or “like”. Examples include “as thin as a rail”,
“as flat as tin”, or “as light as air”. Similes also appear in Chinese using the character
如 (rú) for “as”.


Table 3.34: Similes

A thin as a ỳi tóu gǔ shòu rú chái de mǔ niú zhàn zài lù
rail cow 一頭骨瘦如柴的母牛站在路
stood in one head bone thin as firewood (’s) mother cow to stand at road
the center cow
of the zhōng yāng 47
road.
中央。
middle center
middle
47 張晉霖 and 李美華 (2008d): 沙漠中的一桶水 A bucket of water in the dessert, page 16

64 2009 May 6
CHAPTER 4
TIME
śhi jiān
時間
time between
time
4.1 Absolute time
Table 4.1: Time

right now xiàn zài today jin̄ tiān
現在今天
present to exist the present the sky
65
CHAPTER 4. TIME Daniel J. Greenhoe (柯晨光)

this week zhè ge xin̄g qı́ this zhè ge yùe
這個星期 month 這個月
this a star period this a the moon
week
this year jin̄ nián
今年
the present a year
a moment gāng cái in a dài
ago 剛才 moment 待
hard just to wait for
yī hǔi
一會兒
one to meet together
in a little while
yesterday zúo tiān tomorrow mińg tiān
昨天明天
yesterday the sky bright the sky
day before qián tiān day after hòu tiān
yesterday 前天 tomorrow 後天
front sky behind sky
two days after tomorrow dà
大
big
hòu tiān
後天
behind sky
last week shàng ge xin̄g qı́ next week xià ge xin̄g qı́
上個星期下個星期
up a star period down a star period
week week

66 2009 May 6
Daniel J. Greenhoe (柯晨光) 4.1. ABSOLUTE TIME

last month shàng ge yùe next xià ge yùe
上個月 month 下個月
up a the moon down a the moon
last year qù nián next year mińg nián
去年明年
to go a year bright a year
Table 4.2: Days of the week

Sunday lǐ bài tiān Sunday xin̄g qı́ tiān
裡拜天星期天
inside to worship sky star period sky
Monday lǐ bài ȳi Monday xin̄g qı́ ȳi
裡拜一星期一
inside to worship one star period one
Tuesday lǐ bài èr Tuesday xin̄g qı́ èr
裡拜二星期二
inside to worship two star period two
Wednesday lǐ bài sān Wednesday xin̄g qı́ sān
裡拜三星期三
inside to worship three star period three
Thursday lǐ bài sı̀ Thursday xin̄g qı́ sı̀
裡拜四星期四
inside to worship four star period four
Friday lǐ bài wǔ Friday xin̄g qı́ wǔ
裡拜五星期五
inside to worship five star period five
Saturday lǐ bài lı̀u Saturday xin̄g qı́ lı̀u
裡拜六星期六
inside to worship six star period six

Table 4.3: Months of the year

January ȳi yùe July q̄i yùe
一月七月
one moon seven moon
February er̀ yùe August bā yùe
二月八月
two moon eight moon
March sān yùe September jǐu yùe
三月九月
three moon nine moon
April sı̀ yùe October śhi yùe
四月十月
four moon ten moon
May wǔ yùe November śhi ȳi yùe
五月十一月
five moon eleven moon
June lı̀u yùe December śhi èr yùe
六月十二月
six moon twelve moon
Table 4.4: Parts of a day

early qin̄g chén
morning; 清晨
dawn clear morning

68 2009 May 6
Daniel J. Greenhoe (柯晨光) 4.1. ABSOLUTE TIME
Table 4.5: What time is it?

What time xiàn zài jǐ diǎn
is it? 現在幾點 ?
present to exist how many a dot
now
It’s six xiàn zài shı̀ liù diǎn zhōng
o’clock 現在是六點鐘。
present to exist is six a dot a bell
now
What day jin̄ tiān shı̀ xin̄g qı́ jǐ
is it 今天是星期幾 ?
today? the present sky is star period how many
today week
What is jin̄ tiān shı̀ jǐ hào
the date 今天是幾號 ?
today? the present sky is how many number
today
Today is jin̄ tiān shı̀ er̀ śhi sān hào
the 23rd. 今天是二十三號。
the present sky is 2 10 3 number
today
English Chinese Pin-Yin

6 o’clock 六點鐘 lı̀u dǐan zhōng
7 o’clock 七點鐘 q̄i dǐan zhōng
6 a.m. 早上六點鐘 zǎo shàng lı̀u dǐan
6 p.m. 晚上六點鐘 wǎn shàng lı̀u dǐan
12 p.m. 下午十二點鐘 xı̀a wǔ śhi èr dǐan zhōng
12 am 早上十二點鐘 zǎo shàng śhi èr dǐan zhōng
Noon 中午 zhōng wǔ
Midnight 半夜 bàn yē
6:17 六點十七分 lı̀u dǐan śhi q̄i fén

4.2 Rates of time
Table 4.6: Miscellaneous

as soon as jiň zǎo 1 from now cóng cǐ yı́ hòu
possible 儘早 on / from 從此一後
to the utmost early then on from this one behind
from now on
on time zhǔn śhi to arrive chı́ dào
準時 late 遲到
standard time late arrive
hurriedly jı́ máng hurriedly gǎn jiň
急忙趕緊
urgent busy to pursue tight
urgently jı́ hū hū 2 in a flurry huāng luàn 3
急呼呼慌亂
urgent to exhale in a flurry in disorder
in the zhǔan yǎn still very hái zǎo de hěn 5
twinkling 轉眼 early (for 還早得很
of an eye turn eye some still early early
in the twinkling of an eye event to
jiān 4 occur)
間
period of time
2 幼福編輯部 (2005g): 小白兔的友誼 The Rabbit’s Friendship, page 19

70 2009 May 6
Daniel J. Greenhoe (柯晨光) 4.2. RATES OF TIME

not too méi dūo forever yǒng yǔan
long 沒多永遠
not yet much always far
jǐu 6
久
duration of time
suddenly hū rán suddenly tú rán
忽然突然
suddenly just like that suddenly just like that
suddenly suddenly
from time bù śhi
to time 不時
not time
Table 4.7: Time

Suddenly, hū rán , gūa q̌i le ýi zhèn
there 忽然刮起了一陣
arose a suddenly just like that to scrape to rise one a period of time
flurried suddenly a burst
gust of kuáng fēng 7
wind. 。
狂風
crazy wind
a very strong wind
6 郭桂玲: 一起想辦法 (yī qǐ xiǎng bàn fǎ) — Together Think of a Way, page 33
7 幼福編輯部 (2005f): 小諸送的花兒 The Pig Was Given Me Flowers, page 7

kāi shǐ One way to indicate that something has

... 開始 ... been happening since some specific point
in time is with the character pair (kāi shǐ:
to open the start to start). Sentence Table 4.8 (page 72) gives
since an example.
Table 4.8: Time

Tom tāng mǔ bā sùi kāi shǐ , jiù gùo zhe
starting 湯姆八歲開始就過著
from the soup governess eight years of age to open the start just to pass
age eight, Tom since to pass
just spent qǐ gài de shēng húo le 8
his days
living a 乞丐的生活了。
to beg a beggar ’s to give birth to to live
vagrant’s
life. beggar life
One way to indicate that some-

de śhi hòu , thing happened while some-
... 的時候 ... thing else was in process of
happening is with the sentence
’s time time structure shown to the left. Sen-
time tence Table 4.9 (page 73) gives
an example.

72 2009 May 6
Daniel J. Greenhoe (柯晨光) 4.3. OCCURANCE
Table 4.9: Time

As I was wǒ zhèng pá shù de śhi hòu , yı̀ zhī sōng shǔ
climbing 我正爬樹的時候一隻松鼠
the tree, a I in the process of to climb tree ’s time time one a pine mouse
squirrel time a squirrel
stole my tōu zǒu wǒ de mào zi
hat.
偷走我的帽子。
to steal to walk I ’s hat
to steal my hat
4.3 Occurance
Methods of expressing that an event will never occur are illustrated in Sentence Ta-
ble 4.10 (next).
Table 4.10: Never

He tā júe diǹg lı́ jiā chū zǒu eŕ qiě źhi dào
decided to 他決定離家出走，而且直到
leave he to decide to set to leave home to exit to walk and just straight reach
home, and to decide to leave and until
until the tiān hēi dōu méi chū xiàn 9
end of 。
time to 天黑都沒出現
sky black all no to exit to appear
never
show up to appear
there
again.


She had tā cóng lái méi yǒu zhè me kùai lè gùo 10
never 她從來沒有這麼快樂過。
been this she from come no have this quick joyous to pass
happy. always not have like this happy
4.4 Progressive events
There are multiple ways of expressing progressively changing events in Chinese.

Some of these are ilustrated in Sentence Table 4.11 (next).
Table 4.11: Progressive events

The gōng jī yī tiān bǐ yī tiān lǎo yù jiào
rooster 公雞一天比一天老，愈叫
was day male chicken one day to compare one day old more and more to call
by day rooster
growing yù c̄hi lı̀ 11
old, the
more he 愈吃力。
to eat strength
crowed
the more exhausting
exhaust-
ing it
became.

74 2009 May 6
Daniel J. Greenhoe (柯晨光) 4.5. MULTIPLE EVENTS
4.5 Multiple events
dāng śhi One way to indicate what has been happening while
當 ... 時 something else has been happening is with the sen-

tence structure shown to the left. Sentence Table 4.12
while time (page 75) gives an example.
Table 4.12: Time

While I dāng wǒ zhèng pá shù śhi , shù bèi yı̀ zhī
was 當我正爬樹時樹被一隻
climbing while I in the process of to climb tree time tree by one a
the tree, a
the tree hǎi lı́ zhèng kǎn diào le
was being
cut down
海狸正砍掉了。
sea fox in the process of to hack to fall
by a
beaver to cut down
beaver.
biān biān For things happening simultaneously, you can use the
邊邊 structure illustrated to the left with an example ap-
pearing in Sentence Table 4.13 (page 76).
side side


Table 4.13: Simultaneous action

He just tā jiù ná chū lái táo zi biān zǒu biān c̄hi 12
took out a 他就拿出來桃子邊走邊吃。
peach, he just to take to exit to come to peach son side walk side to eat
and went to come out peach
along
eating as
he
walked.
The rabbit tù zi xià de biān táo biān dǔo 13
was so 兔子嚇得邊逃邊躲。
scared rabbit son scared (to the extent that) side to flee side to hide
that on the rabbit
one hand
he fled
and on the
other he
hid.
cái When something happens only after some period of

才 time, you can use the 才 (cái) character. It can be
roughly translated as “only then”.
only then
12 幼福編輯部 (2005c): 小猴子長大了 A Little Monkey Grows Up, page 10


76 2009 May 6
Daniel J. Greenhoe (柯晨光) 4.5. MULTIPLE EVENTS
Table 4.14: Only then

Waiting tūo dào zùi hòu ýi kè cái zùo
until the 拖到最後一刻才做
last to drag to reach most behind one quarter hour only then to do
minute last
and only zhè yàng s̀hi bú dùi de 14
then ，這樣是不對的。
getting
this shape is not correct (’s)
started,
this way is like this
not the
right one.
Only at zhè śhi tā cái fā xiàn gē ge
this time 這時，他才發現哥哥
did he this time he only then to send out to appear elder brother elder brother
realize to discover elder brother
that his shòu shāng le 15
brother
was 受傷了。
to receive an injury
injured.
injured
děng The “not until X did Y occur” sentence structure can

be expressed using the 等 character, as illustrated to
等 the left. An example is given in Sentence Table 4.15
to wait/not until (next).

15 張晉霖 and 李美華 (2008f): 真的﹗ (zhēn de) — Really!, page 18

Table 4.15: Not until

Not until děng tā dào jiā húi tóu ȳi kàn 16
she 等她到家，回頭一看。
arrived to wait she to arrive home to return head one to look at
home did to turn one’s head
she turn
her head
and take a
look.
4.6 Quantifiers for time
Vocabulary Table 3.3 (page 30) already introduced a number of quantifiers for count-
able nouns. Time, on the other hand, is uncountable. It is either measured in standard
units such as seconds, hours, days, etc.; or it is described in more relaxed terms such as
“a moment”. Such quantifiers for time are listed in Vocabulary Table 4.16 (next) with
examples provided in Sentence Table 4.17 (page 79).
Table 4.16: quantifiers for time

fān exertion fèn zhàn nǔ lı̀
番奮戰，努力
a time to exert battle to exert force
to put up a good fight to strive

78 2009 May 6
Daniel J. Greenhoe (柯晨光) 4.6. QUANTIFIERS FOR TIME
Table 4.17: quantifiers for time

After a jin̄g gùo ỳi fān fèn zhàn xióng
time of 經過一番奮戰，熊
intense to pass through to go across one a time to exert battle bear
struggle, to pass through to put up a good fight
the bear zhōng yú pá shàng aǹ biān 17
finally
climbed 終於爬上岸邊。
conclusion in to climb up shore side
up onto
shore. finally


80 2009 May 6
CHAPTER 5
SIMPLE CONVERSATION
5.1 Greetings
dǎ zhāo hū
打招呼
beat beckon exhale
call
| {z }
greeting
Table 5.1: Hello and goodbye

hello nǐ hǎo good bye zài jiàn
你好再見
you good again see
81
CHAPTER 5. SIMPLE CONVERSATION Daniel J. Greenhoe (柯晨光)

good wǎn an̄ see you mińg tiān jiàn
night 晚安 tomorrow 明天見
late peaceful bright the sky to see
tomorrow
see you yī hǔi jiàn see you in dài hǔi
later 一會兒見 a little 待會兒
one to meet together to see while to wait for to meet together
in a little while jiàn
見
to see
I’m out of wǒ zǒu le
here 我走了
I to walk
Table 5.2: How are you?

How are nǐ hǎo ma not bad bú cùo
you? 你好嗎不錯
you good (?) not faults
I am fine. wǒ hěn hǎo so-so mǎ mǎ hū hū
我很好馬馬虎虎
I very good horse horse tiger tiger
thank you xiè xiè not too bú tài hǎo
謝謝 well 不太好
to thank to thank not extremely good
And you? nǐ ne
你呢
you

82 2009 May 6
Daniel J. Greenhoe (柯晨光) 5.2. INTRODUCTIONS
5.2 Introductions
jiè shào
介紹
situated between bring together
introduce
Table 5.3: Introductions

What is nǐ jiào shé me mińg zı̀
your 你叫什麼名字 ?
name? you called what name a word
what a name
My name wǒ jiào
is . 我叫。
I called
What is tā jiào shé me mińg zı̀
his name? 他叫什麼名字 ?
he called what name a word
what a name
His name tā jiào
is . 他叫。
he called
How old nǐ jǐ sùi
are you? 你幾歲 ?
you how many a year of age
I am wǒ sùi
years 我歲。
old. I a year of age
Can you nǐ hùi shūo yin̄g yǔ ma
speak 你會說英語嗎?
English? you able speak outstanding language
English


It’s nice to hěn gāo xiǹg rèn shı̀ nǐ
meet you. 很高興認識你。
very high cheerful recognize know you
glad know
5.3 Civilities
lǐ mào
禮貌
courtesy manner
politeness
Table 5.4: Civilities

thanks xı̀e xı̀e cordial qin̄ qiè
謝謝親切
thank thank intimate close
manners lǐ mào
禮貌
ceremony features
Table 5.5: Apologies

sorry dùi bù q̌i
對不起
facing not to rise

84 2009 May 6
Daniel J. Greenhoe (柯晨光) 5.3. CIVILITIES

sorry bào qiàn
抱歉
hug apology
no problem méi yǒu wèn tı́
沒有問題
none have to ask a subject
not have problem
It doesn’t méi gūan xı̀
matter. 沒關係。
not to close to tie
relation
Please don’t be qiňg bú yào shēng qı̀ 1
angry! 請不要生氣!
please not want to give birth to air
don’t angry
Don’t take bié jiè yı̀
offense! 別介意 !
don’t introduce meaning
to take offense
I don’t know wǒ bù zhī gāi shūo shé me cái hǎo 2
what I should 我不知該說什麼才好。
say to make I not know should say what just good
things right. what
Together they tā mén bǐ či jǐe kāi le wù hùi 3
were able to 他們彼此解開了誤會。
undo the mis- he s that this to untie to open error to assemble
understanding. they each other to undo misunderstanding
2 張晉霖 (2005c): 蝴蝶風箏 (hú dié fēng zhēng) — The Butterfly Kite, page 15


You must show ňi yào biǎo xiàn yǒu lǐ mào 4
good manners. 你要表現有禮貌。
you want surface to appear to have ceremony features
to show
Table 5.6: Civilities

thank you xı̀e xı̀e nǐ you’re bú kè qı̀
謝謝你 welcome 不客氣
thank thank you not a guest air
polite
excuse qiňg wèn ... excuse me jiè gùo
me, can I 請問 (to pass) 借過
ask . . . to request to request to borrow to pass
Welcome! hūan yı́ng Please qiňg jı̀n
歡迎 ! come in. 請進。
cheerful to receive to request to enter
Do you nǐ jiè yı̀ ma
mind? 你介意嗎
you introduce meaning (?)
to take offense

86 2009 May 6
Daniel J. Greenhoe (柯晨光) 5.4. COMMUNICATIONS
Table 5.7: Anti-civilities

Get out of gǔn chū qù 5
here! 滾出去 !
to roll to exit to go
to get out
You had nǐ hái shı̀ jiň zǎo bǎ tā gǎn zǒu ba
better kick 你還是儘早把他趕走吧
him out as you still that to the utmost early he to expel to walk
soon as had better as sooon as possible kick out
possible. 6
5.4 Communications
Table 5.8: Common verbs

to say shūo to talk jiǎng hùa
說講話
to say to speak talks
to talk tán lùn to discuss tǎo lùn
about 談論討論
to talk to discuss to demand to discuss
to chat liáo tiān to chat tán tiān
聊天談天
merely sky to talk sky


to quarrel chǎo jià to shout hǎn jiào
吵架喊叫
to quarrel a rack to shout to call
indiscriminate lùan hùa garbage fèi hùa
talk 亂話 talk 廢話
disorder talk abolish talk
listen tin̄g listen to tin̄g zhe
聽聽著
listen listen (adverbial particle)
listening tin̄g lı̀ sing chàng gē
compre- 聽力唱歌
hension listen strength to sing song
response fǎn yiǹg
反應
contrary to answer
response
Table 5.9: Expressions

to chat tán tiān shūo xiào 7
談天說笑
to talk sky to say to laugh
to chat about tán tiān shūo dı̀
everthing 談天說地
to talk sky to say earth
everyone talking at qī zǔi bā shé 8
once 七嘴八舌
seven mouth eight tongue

88 2009 May 6
Daniel J. Greenhoe (柯晨光) 5.4. COMMUNICATIONS

to repeatedly urge din̄g nińg 9
叮嚀
to sting to instruct
to say to oneself z̀i yán z̀i yǔ 10
自言自語
self speech self language
to self-ask z̀i wèn z̀i dá
self-answer 自問自答
self ask self to answer
to ask oneself
to cover the mouth wǔ zhù zǔi bā 11
with the hand 摀住嘴巴

to cover to cease mouth to expect
mouth
Table 5.10: Can you speak?

Can you speak nǐ hùi jiǎng yin̄g yǔ ma
English? 你會講英語嗎?
you able speak outstanding language (?)
English
Can you speak nǐ hùi jiǎng gúo yǔ ma
Chinese? 你會講國語嗎?
you able speak national language (?)
Chinese
I can. hùi
會。
able
10 幼福編輯部 (2005c): 酷酷熊有決心 The Bear Got The Determination, page 21


I cannot. bù hùi
不會。
not able
A little. ȳi diǎn diǎn
一點點。
one drop drop
Just a little. yī diǎn diǎn eŕ yǐ
一點點而已。
one drop drop and already
that is all
I can speak wǒ hùi jiǎng gúo yǔ
Chinese. 我會講國語。
I able speak national language
Chinese
I can speak wǒ hùi jiǎng gúo yǔ yī diǎn diǎn
Chinese a little. 我會講國語一點點。
I able speak national language one drop drop
Chinese
I cannot speak wǒ bù hùi jiǎng gúo yǔ
Chinese. 我不會講國語。
I not able speak national language
Chinese

90 2009 May 6
CHAPTER 6
THE HEART OF MAN
6.1 Emotions
Table 6.1: Emotions

personality gè xiǹg moral xin̄ dı̀ 1
個性 character, 心地
piece nature nature heart soil
happy kuài lè glad gāo xiǹg
快樂高興
quick joyous high cheerful
tired lèi le vexed kǔ nǎo
累了苦惱
tired bitter annoyed
91
CHAPTER 6. THE HEART OF MAN Daniel J. Greenhoe (柯晨光)

sad nán gùo depressed jǔ sàng
難過沮喪
difficult to pass stop lose
afraid hài pà discouraged hūi xīn
害怕灰心
damage fear ash heart
angry shēng qı̀ angry q̀i hū hū
生氣氣呼呼
to give birth to air air to exhale
extremely q̀i jı́ excited xin̄g fèn
angry 氣極興奮
air utmost to launch to exert
worried dān xīn interested yǒu xı̀ng qù
擔心有興趣
to carry the heart have cheerful interest
interest
bored wú liáo jealous jı́ dù
無聊嫉妒
without a little to be jealous envy
calm zhèn diǹg surprised jin̄g yà
鎮定驚訝
to press down stable to startle to be surprised
nervous jǐn zhāng embarrassed gān gà
緊張尷尬
tight spread embarrassed embarrassed
heartbroken shāng xin̄
傷心
injury heart
to detest xián to loathe tǎo yàn
嫌討厭
to incur to detest

92 2009 May 6
Daniel J. Greenhoe (柯晨光) 6.1. EMOTIONS

sorrow bēi sh=ang
悲傷
sorrow injury
Table 6.2: Emotions

Are you nǐ kuài lè ma
happy? 你快樂嗎 ?
you quick joyous
happy
I am wǒ kuài lè
happy. 我快樂。
I quick joyous
happy
You look nǐ kàn qǐ lái nán gùo
sad. 你看起來難過。
you see rise come difficult to pass
rise up sad
| {z }
appear
Are you in nǐ de xīn qińg hǎo bù hǎo
a good 你的心情好不好 ?
mood? you ’s heart sentiment good not good
your mood
What nǐ de xīn qińg zě me yàng
mood are 你的心情怎麼樣 ?
you in? you ’s heart sentiment why shape
your mood how
How do nǐ júe dé zě me yàng
you feel? 你覺得怎麼樣 ?
you sense get why shape
feel how


She tā sōng le yı̀ kǒu qı̀ . 2
breathed a 她鬆了一口氣
sigh of she loose one mouth air
relief. | {z }
one breath
to heave a āi shēng tàn qı̀ 3
deep sigh 唉聲嘆氣
alas sound to sigh air
to sigh
Table 6.3: Like/dislike

to like xǐ hūan facial ex- biǎo qińg 4
喜歡 pression 表情
happy cheerful surface sentiment
to dislike tǎo yàn to abhor yàn wù 5
討厭厭惡
to demand to detest to detest to loathe
Table 6.4: Expressions of emotion

facial expression biǎo qińg 6
表情
surface sentiment
2 郭桂玲: 一起想辦法 (yī qǐ xiǎng bàn fǎ) — Together Think of a Way, page 38

94 2009 May 6
Daniel J. Greenhoe (柯晨光) 6.1. EMOTIONS

so glad that it was gāo xiǹg de bù dé liǎo 7
beyond 高興得不得了
understanding high cheerful not to get to understand
| {z }
glad
beyond understanding
Table 6.5: Fear

The wolf láng xià de qúan shēn fā dǒu 8
was so 狼嚇得全身發抖。
scared wolf to scare (to the extent that) entire body to send out to tremble
that his to shake
whole
body
shook.
The rabbit tù zi xià de qúan shēn méi lı̀ 9
was so 兔子嚇得全身沒力。
scared rabbit son scared (to the extent that) entire body no strength
that his rabbit
entire
body had
no
strength.
7 郭桂玲: 神氣的披風 (shén qı̀ de pī fēng) — The Majestic Cape, page 17


He was so tā xià de lı̀ kè bá tǔi jiù pǎo 10
scared 他嚇得立刻拔腿就跑。
that he he to scare to stand to carve to pull out legs just ran
immedi- immediately
ately
pulled out
his legs
and just
ran.
Even the lián jiāo tōng jiňg chá kàn le yě
traffic cop 連交通警察看了也
saw it and even to deliver through to caution to closely examine to look at also
was also traffic police saw
com- dōu xià chū ỳi shēn lěng hàn 11
pletely 。
scared, his 都嚇出一身冷汗
completely scared to exit one body cold sweat
whole
body whole body cold sweat
breaking
out in a
cold
sweat.
6.2 Character

11 張晉霖 (2005b): 哈啾不見了 (hā jiū bú jiàn le) — “Achoo” has dissappeared, page 17

96 2009 May 6
Daniel J. Greenhoe (柯晨光) 6.2. CHARACTER
Table 6.6: Character

bravery yǒng gǎn curious hào qı́
勇敢好奇
brave dare to fond of unusual
determination júe xīn diligence qı́n láo
決心勤勞
decided heart diligent work
endurance nài lı̀ faithfulness zhōng chéng
耐力忠誠
enduring strength loyal sincere
honest lǎo shı́ 12 honest zhōng hòu 13
老實 and kind 忠厚
old true loyal kind
humble qiān xū kindness rén cı́
謙虛仁慈
modest empty benevolence kind
joy hūan lè love rè aı̀
歡樂熱愛
cheerful joyous hot love
patience nài xin̄ patience nài xiǹg
耐心耐性
enduring heart enduring nature
peace hé pińg sincere / chéng kěn 14
和平 true- 誠懇
peace level hearted sincere earnest


warmhearted rè xīn deeply xiāng qin̄ xiāng ài
熱心 and 相親相愛
hot heart lovingly mutually close mutually love
devoted to 15
each other
Table 6.7: Negative character traits

false/fake xū qińg full of dé yı̀
display of 虛情 oneself 得意
affection empty sentiment get meaning
jǐa yı̀ 16
假意
fake meaning
insincerity
narrow xiǎo xin̄ yǎn 17 proud jiāo aò
minded 小心眼驕傲
small heart eye arrogant proud
take zhàn pián yı́ 18
advantage 佔便宜
of to seize suitable
petty gain


98 2009 May 6
Daniel J. Greenhoe (柯晨光) 6.3. THOUGHT PROCESSES
Table 6.8: Character

In every tā fán shı̀ dōu yào jı̀ jiào , zǒng shı̀ xiǎng
situation 他凡事都要計較總是想
he was he all matters all want to count to compare always that to think
always to plan always
planning, zhàn jiǹ bié rén de pián yı́ 19
always 。
thinking 佔盡別人的便宜
to seize exhausted other person ’s suitable
how to
totally other people petty gain
take
advantage
of other
people.
The crowd rén qún jiàn jiàn s̄hi qù nài xiǹg 20
little by 人群漸漸失去耐性。
little lost people crowd gradually gradually to lose to go enduring nature
patience. crowd gradually to lose patience
6.3 Thought processes
Table 6.9: Thought processes

to have a sudden lińg jī yı́ dòng 21
inspiration 靈機一動
clever alert one to move
19 劉嘉裕 (1999c): 賣香屁 (mài xiāng p̀i) — Selling Fragrant Gas, page ?
20 張晉霖 and 李美華 (2008b): 貝絲的心願 (bèi s̄i de xin̄ yuàn) Beth’s cherished desire, page 18


to show tǐ liàng 22
understanding for 體諒
body forgive
to me (in my dùi wǒ lái shūo
opinion) 對我來說
facing me come speak
to think so cāi xiǎng
猜想
to guess to think
to think reckless hú s̄i lùan xiǎng 23
thoughts full of 胡思亂想
confusion reckless think disorder think
can’t figure out xiǎng bù tōng
想不通
to think not through
Table 6.10: What do you think?

Would nǐ shūo wǒ piào liàng ma 24
you say 你說我漂亮嗎 ?
that I am you to say I pretty bright
pretty? pretty
Do you nǐ kàn wǒ piào liàng ma 25
see me as 你看我漂亮嗎 ?
pretty? you to see I pretty bright
pretty
23 張晉霖 (2006): 給貓咪掛鈴鐺 (gěi māo m̄i gùa lińg dāng) hang a bell on the cat, page 12

100 2009 May 6
Daniel J. Greenhoe (柯晨光) 6.5. PRACTICE

To me, zhè lǐ dùi wǒ lái shūo gāng gāng hǎo 26
here is just 這裡對我來說剛剛好。
perfect. this inside facing me come speak exactly exactly good
here perfect
6.4 The will
Table 6.11:

o make up one’s xià diǹg júe xin̄
mind 下定決心
to form an opinion to fix to decide heart
determination
to be willing yùan ỳi
願意
willing idea
willing or not yùan bù yùan ỳi
願不願意
willing not willing idea
6.5 Practice
How does he feel? 他覺得怎麼樣? (Tā júe de zě me yàng?)

26 Walsh (1999): 躲貓貓和睡覺 — Hide and Sleep, page 8

He is . He is .
He is . He is .
He is . He is .
He is . He is .
27
Table 6.12: Emotions
fill in the blanks
快樂生氣害怕
難過擔心累了
驚訝灰心沮喪
鎮定無聊興奮
27 http://www.smileyworld.com/dictionary/emoticards.asp

102 2009 May 6
Daniel J. Greenhoe (柯晨光) 6.5. PRACTICE

fill in the blanks
嫉妒有興趣


104 2009 May 6
CHAPTER 7
WORK AND REST
7.1 Work
Table 7.1: Work

work gōng zùo to slack tōu lǎn
工作偷懶
work to do secretely lazy
diligent qiń fèn diligent qiń láo
勤奮勤勞
diligent to exert diligent to work
lazy lǎn dùo
懶惰
lazy laziness
relaxed; qin̄g sōng leisurely yōu xián
free and 輕鬆 and 悠閒
easy light loose carefree leisurely idle
105
CHAPTER 7. WORK AND REST Daniel J. Greenhoe (柯晨光)

to strive nǔ lı̀ conscientious rèn zhēn
努力認真
to exert strength to recognize true
Table 7.2: work expressions

so busy máng de mǎn tóu dà hàn 1
that his 忙得滿頭大汗
head was busy full head big sweat
dripping
with
sweat
work tóng xin̄ xié lı̀ 2
together 同心協力
with one together heart to assist power
heart with one heart to unite efforts
work so hūi tóu tǔ liǎn
difficult 灰頭土臉
leaving grey head soil face
one with
grey hair
and mud
covered
face

2 幼福編輯部 (2005d): 小老虎大嗓門 A Little Tiger’s Loud Voice, page 21

106 2009 May 6
Daniel J. Greenhoe (柯晨光) 7.2. REST
Table 7.3: Work

What nǐ zùo shé me gōng zùo ?
work do 你做什麼工作
you do? you do what worker do
what work
I am a wǒ shı̀ .
. 我是
I is
Table 7.4: Jobs

boss lǎo bǎn businessman shāng rén
老板商人
old board discuss person
doctor yī shēng professor jı̀ao shòu
醫生教授
doctor birth teach give
student xúe shēng manager jīng lǐ
學生經理
learn birth manage reason
teacher lǎo sh̄i worker gōng rén
老師工人
old teacher worker person
engineer gōng chéng sh̄i
工程師
worker rules instructor
engineering
7.2 Rest

Table 7.5: Sleep and rest

to sleep shùi jiào noon-time shùi ge wǔ jiào
睡覺 nap 睡個午覺
to sleep sleep to sleep a noon sleep
to snore dǎ hū
打呼
to hit exhale
to wake xiňg lái to wake ýi jiào
up 醒來 up 一覺
to awake to come to one sleep
xiňg lái 3
醒來
to awake to come to
to wake up
yawn dǎ hā qiàn yawn dǎ hē qiàn
打哈欠打呵欠
to hit to breath out to yawn to hit to scold to yawn
to yawn to yawn
oversleep shùi gùo tóu
睡過頭
to sleep to pass head
plenty of shùi hěn bǎo not shùi bù bǎo
sleep 睡很飽 enough 睡不飽
to sleep very full sleep to sleep not full
can not shùi bù zháo jiào to rest xiū x́i
sleep 睡不著覺休息
to sleep not sleep to rest breath

108 2009 May 6
Daniel J. Greenhoe (柯晨光) 7.2. REST

exhausted jiǹ exhausted ṕi bèi
盡疲憊
exhaust tired exhausted
quán lı̀
全力
fully power
to use all one’s strength
completely jin̄ ṕi lı̀ tired to lèi kǔa 5
exhausted 筋疲力 the point 累垮

muscle tired power of collapse tired to collapse
jiǹ 4
盡
exhausted
lackadaisical wú jin̄g dǎ
無精打
without energy to beat
cǎi 6
采
to pick
Table 7.6: Sleep and rest

Have you nǐ shùi bǎo le méi
had 你睡飽了沒?
enough you to sleep full no
sleep?

5 黃慧敏 (2006): 阿尼要搬家 (ā ńi yào bān jiā) Annie wants to move, page 5
6 張晉霖 (2005c): 蝴蝶風箏 (hú dié fēng zhēng) — The Butterfly Kite, page 19


This zhè ge xià wǔ bà ba hàn mā ma zhōng yú
afternoon, 這個下午爸爸和媽媽終於
Dad and this one below noon dad dad and mother mother the end at
Mom this after noon dad Mom finally
finally can kě y̌i xiǎng shòu piàn kè de
enjoy a
brief
可以享受片刻的
to approve to use as to have the use of to receive slice quarter hour of
moment
can to enjoy brief moment
of peace
an̄ nińg hǎo hǎo de shùi ge wǔ jiào 7
and quiet,
and have 安寧，好好的睡個午覺。
a very peaceful tranquility good good of to sleep a noon sleep
good tranquility very good
afternoon
nap.
7 Young and Kim (2003b): 小毛蟲學電腦 Little caterpillar learns the computer, page 23

110 2009 May 6
APPENDIX A
GRAMMAR TERMINOLOGY
wén fǎ
文法
a composition the law
grammar
Table A.1: Parts of speech

adjective xı́ng róng cı́
形容詞
appearance contain word
describe
adverb fù cı́
副詞
secondary word
111
APPENDIX A. GRAMMAR TERMINOLOGY Daniel J. Greenhoe (柯晨光)

definite article diǹg gùan cı́
(“the”) 定冠詞
to fix to wear a cap word
article
indefinite article bú diǹg gùan cı́
(“a”, “an”) 不定冠詞
not to fix to wear a cap word
article
conjunction lián jiē cı́
連接詞
to link to accept word
to join
gerund dòng mińg cı́
動名詞
to move name word
noun
noun mińg cı́
名詞
name word
noun
preposition qián zh̀i cı́
前置詞
front to place at word
pronoun dài mińg cı́
代名詞
substitute name word
noun
possessive pronoun sǔo yǒu gé dài mińg cı́
所有格代名詞
that which have style substitute name word
to possess noun

112 2009 May 6

relative pronoun gūan xī dài mińg cı́
關係代名詞
to close to tie substitute name word
relation noun
verb dòng cı́
動詞
to move word
Table A.2: Grammar terminology

stress / zhòng yin̄ alphabet zı̀ mǔ
accent 重音字母
weight sound word a mother
grammar wén fǎ language yǔ yán
文法語言
a composition the law language speech or word
phrase piàn yǔ pronunciation fā yīn
片語發音
a slice language to send out sound
punctuation biāo dǐan fǎ vocabulary zı̀ hùi
標點法字彙
a mark a spot the law a word to collect
punctuation
sentence jù zi
句子
a sentence a son

APPENDIX A. GRAMMAR TERMINOLOGY Daniel J. Greenhoe (柯晨光)
Table A.3: Punctuation

exclamation jīng tàn hào hyphen (-) lı́an zı̀ hào
mark (!) 驚嘆號連字號
to be startled to sigh a mark to link a word a mark
to marvel a ligature
period (.) jù hào question wèn hào
句號 mark (?) 問號
a sentence a mark to ask a mark
quotation yǐn hào semicolon fēn hào
marks (“ 引號 (;) 分號
”) to pull a mark to divide into parts a mark
shı́ tài
時態
time form
tense (grammar)
Table A.4: Tense

past tense gùo qù sh̀i
過去式
to go across to go form
in the past
present tense xiàn zài sh̀i
現在式
present to exist form
at present
future tense wèi lái sh̀i
未來式
not yet to come to form
coming

114 2009 May 6
APPENDIX B
NUMBERS
Table B.1: Numbers

0 lı́ng 1 yī
零一
2 er̀ 3 sān
二三
4 sı̀ 5 wŭ
四五
6 lı̀u 7 qī
六七
8 bā 9 jĭu
八九
10 sh́i 11 sh́i yī
十十一
10 1
115
APPENDIX B. NUMBERS Daniel J. Greenhoe (柯晨光)

12 sh́i er̀ 13 sh́i sān
十二十三
10 2 10 3
14 sh́i sı̀ 15 sh́i wŭ
十五十四
10 4 10 5
16 sh́i lı̀u 17 sh́i qī
十五十六
10 6 10 7
18 sh́i bā 19 sh́i jĭu
十八十九
10 8 10 9
20 er̀ shı́ 21 er̀ shı́ yī
二十二十一
2 10 2 10 1
22 er̀ shı́ er̀ 23 er̀ shı́ sān
二十二二十三
2 10 2 2 10 3
24 er̀ shı́ sı̀ 25 er̀ shı́ wŭ
二十四二十五
2 10 4 2 10 5
30 sān shı́ 31 sān shı́ yī
三十三十一
3 10 3 10 1
32 sān shı́ er̀ 40 sı̀ shı́
三十二四十
3 10 2 4 10
50 wŭ shı́ 60 lı̀u shı́
五十六十
5 10 6 10

116 2009 May 6

70 qī shı́ 80 bā shı́
七十八十
7 10 8 10
90 jĭu shı́ 93 jĭu shı́ sān
九十九十三
9 10 9 10 3
100 yī bǎi 200 er̀ bǎi
一百二百
1 100 2 100
300 sān bǎi 400 sı̀ bǎi
三百四百
3 100 4 100
500 wŭ bǎi 600 lı̀u bǎi
五百六百
5 100 6 100
700 qī bǎi 800 bā bǎi
七百八百
7 100 8 100
900 jĭu bǎi
九百
9 100
1,000 yī qiān 2,000 liăng qiān
一千二千
1 1000 2 1000
3,000 sān qiān 4,000 sı̀ qiān
三千四千
3 1000 4 1000
10,000 yī wàn 20,000 liăng wàn
一萬二萬
1 104 2 104


30,000 sān wàn 40,000 sı̀ wàn
三萬四萬
3 104 4 104
100,000 shı́ wàn 200,000 liăng shı́ wàn
十萬二十萬
10 104 2 10 104
300,000 sān shı́ wàn 400,000 sı̀ shı́ wàn
三十萬四十萬
3 10 104 4 10 104
1,000,000 yī bǎi wàn 2,000,000 liăng bǎi wàn
一百萬二百萬
1 100 104 2 100 104
3,000,000 sān bǎi wàn 4,000,000 sı̀ bǎi wàn
三百萬四百萬
3 100 104 4 100 104
10,000,000 yī qiān wàn 100,000,000 yī yı̀
一千萬一億
1 1000 104 1 108
one billion shı́ yı̀ ten billion yī bǎi yı̀
(109 ) 十億 (1010 ) 一百億
10 108 1 100 108
one yī qiān yı̀ one yī wàn yı̀
hundred 一千億 trillion 一萬億
billion 1 1000 108 (1012 ) 1 104 108
(1011 )
ten trillion shı́ wàn yı̀ one yī bǎi wàn yı̀
(1013 ) 十萬億 hundred 一百萬億
10 104 108 trillion 1 100 104 108
(1013 )

118 2009 May 6
Practice
English () Chinese () Pīn-yīn ()

123 one-hundred twenty-three yī băi er̀ sh́i sān
8654 eight-thousand six-hundred fifty-four bā qīan lı̀u băi wŭ sh́i sı̀
8054 eight-thousand fifty-four bā qīan lı́ng wŭ sh́i sı̀
“twenty-one-billion-nine-hundred-eighty-seven-million-six-hundred-fifty-four-
thousand-three-hundred-twenty-one”
Table B.2: Numbers
fill in the blanks
零一二九三
四千五六七
八十萬百億


120 2009 May 6
APPENDIX C
SONGS
121
APPENDIX C. SONGS Daniel J. Greenhoe (柯晨光)
C.1 Old McDonald
wàng lǎo xiān shēng yǒu kuài dı̀

王老先生有塊地
king old ahead birth have chunk earth
mister
Table C.1: Old McDonald

Old McDonald had a wàng lǎo xiān shēng yǒu kuài dı̀
farm. 王老先生有塊地
mister
Yi ai yi ai oh yī yā yī yā yōu
咿呀咿呀呦
(sound) (sound) (sound) (sound) (sound)
And on that farm he tā zài yúan lǐ yǎng xiǎo yā
had a duck. 他在園裡養小鴨
he at garden inside raise small duck
duckling
咿呀咿呀呦
Duckling here gua xiǎo yā zhè lǐ gū gū
gua 小鴨這裡呱呱
small duck this inside baby’s cry
duckling here
Duckling there gua xiǎo yā nà lǐ gū gū
gua 小鴨那裡呱呱
small duck there inside baby’s cry
duckling there

122 2009 May 6
Daniel J. Greenhoe (柯晨光) C.1. OLD MCDONALD

everywhere gua gua dào chù dōu zài gū gū
到處都在呱呱
reach place all at baby’s cry
everywhere
Old McDonald had a wàng lǎo xiān shēng yǒu kuài dı̀
farm. 王老先生有塊地
mister
咿呀咿呀呦

C.2 1 2 3 Fish
Table C.2: One two three fish

One, two, yī er̀ sān sı̀ wǔ
three, 一二三四五
four, five; one two three four five
once I yı́ cı̀ wǒ zhūo le yı́ tiào húo yú
caught a 一次我捉了一條活魚
fish alive. one order I catch (-ed) one (mw) live fish
once caught a live fish
Six, seven, liù qī bā jiǔ shı́
eight, 六七八九十
nine, ten; six seven eight nine ten
then I let wǒ yòu bǎ tā fàng zǒu le
him go 我又把他放走了
again. I again he set free walk
release
Why did wèi shé me fàng zǒu le tā
you let 為什麼放走了他
him go? for what set free walk he
what release
| {z }
why
Because yin̄ wèi tā yǎo le wǒ de shǒu zhǐ tóu
he bit my 因為他咬了我的手指頭
finger so. cause for he bite I ’s hand finger head
because bit my finger
| {z }
finger tip

124 2009 May 6
Daniel J. Greenhoe (柯晨光) C.2. 1 2 3 FISH

Which tā yǎo de shı̀ nǎ ge shǒu zhǐ tóu
finger did 他咬的是哪個手指頭
he bite? he bite is what (mw) hand finger head
which finger
| {z }
finger tip
This little shı̀ wǒ yòu hand de xiǎo zhǐ tóu
finger on 是我右手的小指頭
the right. is I right hand ’s small finger head
right little finger

C.3 Head Shoulders Knees and Toes
Table C.3: Head and Shoulders

Head and shoulders, tóu jīan bǎng xī jiǎo zhǐ
knees and toes; 頭肩膀膝腳趾
head shoulder wings knee foot toe
shoulder toe
knees and toes, xī jiǎo zhǐ xī jiǎo zhǐ
knees and toes. 膝腳趾膝腳趾
knee foot toe knee foot toe
toe toe
Head and shoulders, tóu jīan bǎng xī jiǎo zhǐ
knees and toes; 頭肩膀膝腳趾
head shoulder wings knee foot toe
shoulder toe
Eyes, ears, nose, and yǎn eř bı́ hé kǒu .
mouth. 眼耳鼻和口
eyes ear nose and mouth

126 2009 May 6
Daniel J. Greenhoe (柯晨光) C.4. BRIGHT MOON
C.4 Bright Moon
Table C.4: Bright Moon

“When did we first mińg yùe jǐ shı́ yǒu
have the bright 明月幾時有
moon?”, bright moon how many time have
when
holding a wine glass, bǎ jiǔ wèn qin̄g tiān
I asked the blue sky. 把酒問青天
grip alcohol ask blue sky
hold a wine glass blue sky
I wonder, in bù zhī tiān shàng gōng qūe
Heaven’s imperial 不知天上宮闕
palace, not know sky above palace palace
wonder if heaven imperial palace
what year it is today. jin̄ xı̀ shı̀ hé nián
今夕是何年
present sunset is what year
today what year
I desire to ride the wǒ yù chéng fēng gūi qù
wind to go back, 我欲乘風歸去
I desire ride wind to go back to go
go back to
but dread the yòu kǒng qióng lóu yù yǔ
magnificent jade 又恐瓊樓玉宇
palace, but dread jade building jade roof
splendid hall
| {z }
magnificent jade palace


that such a high gāo chù bù shēng hán
place is too cold. 高處不勝寒
high place not competent cold
too
Rise and dance until qǐ wǔ nòng qin̄g yiňg
making a pure 起舞弄清影
shadow, rise dance make pure shadow
rise and dance pure shadow
in what seems like hé sı̀ zài rén jiān
the world of man! 何似在人間
what similar at man between
similiar to world of man
Arching over the zhǔan zhū gé
bright red pavillion, 轉朱閣
revolve bright red pavillion
the moonlight hangs dī qǐ hù
down on the 低綺戶
beautiful door, hang down beautiful door
shining on the zhào wú mián
sleepless. 照無眠
illuminate without sleep
The moon should bù yin̄g yǒu hèn
not have hate, 不應有恨
not should have hate
deserved
so why when it is hé shı̀ cháng xiàng bı́e shı́ yúan
time to leave, is the 何事長向別時圓
moon so full and what affairs long hitherto leave time round
round? why always time to leave
People have sorrow, rén yǒu bēi hūan lı́ hé
joy, separation, 人有悲歡離合
togetherness; people have sadness cheerful apart together

128 2009 May 6
Daniel J. Greenhoe (柯晨光) C.4. BRIGHT MOON

the moon has times yùe yǒu yīn qińg yúan qūe
of being overcast, 月有陰晴圓缺
clear, full and round, moon have overcast clear round deficient
diminished,
since ancient times, cǐ shı̀ gǔ nán qúan
these things have 此事古難全
been difficult to these affairs ancient difficult completely
reconcile.
If only people can dàn yùan rén cháng jiǔ
remain together for a 但願人長久
long time, but hope people long time
if only long time
or travel a thousand qiān lǐ gòng chán jūan
miles to share life 千里共嬋娟
with a lovely lady. thousand li share graceful beautiful
long distance lovely
midi file available at: http://www.hamienet.com/midi15005.html

C.5 Amazing Grace
Table C.5: Amazing Grace

Amazing qı́ yı̀ en̄ diǎn hé děng gān tián
grace, 奇異恩典何等甘甜
how unusual different favor law how same as sweet sweet
sweet the unusual grace how sweet
sound
that saved wǒ zùi yǐ dé shè miǎn
a wretch 我罪已得赦免
like me! I guilt already obtain pardon to exempt
to pardon
I once was qián wǒ shī sàng jin̄ bèi xún húi
lost, but 前我失喪今被尋回
now am before I to lose to lose now have been to search to go back to
found, lost found
Was blind, xiā yǎn , jin̄ dé kàn jiàn .
but now I 瞎眼今得看見
see. blind eye now to obtain to look at to see
to see
’Twas rú cǐ en̄ diǎn shǐ wǒ jiǹg wèi

grace that 如此恩典使我敬畏
taught my as this favor law to make I to reverence to fear
heart to ’twas grace to hold in awe
fear,
And grace shǐ wǒ xin̄ dé an̄ wèi
my fears 使我心得安慰
relieved; to make my heart to obtain peace to console
comfort

130 2009 May 6
Daniel J. Greenhoe (柯晨光) C.5. AMAZING GRACE

How chū xiǹ zhī shı́ jı̀ méng en̄ húi zhēn shı̀
precious 初信之時既蒙恩惠真是
did that first to believe of time as to receive grace favor true that
grace mercy;grace
appear, hé děng bǎo gùi
The hour I
first
何等寶貴
how same as treasure expensive
believed!
how precious
English lyrics available at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazing grace

C.6 You are my flower (你是我的花朵)
nǐ s̀hi wǒ de hūa dǔo by wǔ bǎi

你是我的花朵伍佰
you are I ’s flower (quantifier) army hundred
my flower
Table C.6: You are my Flower

Take heed liú xin̄ jiǎo bù kàn dé qin̄g chǔ
to your 留心腳步看得清楚
footsteps to remain heart foot step to see to the extent that pure clear
and see to take heed footstep clear
every-
thing
clearly.
There are yǒu hěn dūo kě ýi de ȳin sù
many 有很多可疑的因素
dubious have very many to approve doubt ’s cause plain
voices suspicious a cause
calling out hū hǎn ňi ràng ňi hú tú
to you, 呼喊你讓你糊塗
making to exhale to shout you to cause you glue to smear
you to call out confused
confused.
Test the kǎo yàn wǒ ài de chéng dù
extent of 考驗我愛的程度
my love. to give an exam to examine I love ’s journey degree
to test my love extent

132 2009 May 6
Daniel J. Greenhoe (柯晨光) C.6. YOU ARE MY FLOWER (你是我的花朵)

The gāo lóu diàn tī ńi hóng shēn chù
elevator of 高樓電梯霓虹深處
a tall tall building electric ladder secondary rainbow rainbow profound a place
building elevator neon light
in a dark
neon-lit
place
dances in wǔ dòng zài rén qún hěn jū shù
a crowd of 舞動在人群很拘束
people to dance to move at person crowd very to detain to bind
awk- to dance crowd awkward
wardly,
pulling lā zhe wǒ bú yào piāo zǒu
me so that 拉著我不要飄走
I don’t to pull I not want to float to walk
float to float away
away.
I am wǒ zài ňi bèi hòu dǎng fēng
standing 我在你背後擋風
behind I at you back behind to block wind
you, behind
shielding
you from
the wind.
Oh you o nǐ s̀hi wǒ de hūa dǔo
are my 喔你是我的花朵
flower! (a sound) you are I ’s flower (quantifier)
my flower
I want to wǒ yào yǒng yǒu ňi chā zài wǒ xin̄ wō
have you 我要擁有你插在我心窩
rooted in I want to embrace to have you to stick into at my heart nest
my heart to have heart of hearts
of hearts.


I want to wǒ yào bǎo hù ňi ýi lù dōu chàng tōng
protect 我要保護你一路都暢通
you, I want to keep to defend you one path all unobstructed through
giving to protect all the way freely flowing
you a
smooth
road free
of
obstacles.
Even if the jiù sùan ňi shēn biān hěn dūo xiǎo śhi tóu
path by 就算你身邊很多小石頭
your side (aux. verb) to calculate you body side very many small stone head
is littered even if side stones
with
stones,
I want to wǒ yào ài zhe ňi bù mián yě bù xiū
sleep- 我要愛著你不眠也不休
lessly and I want love you not sleep also not rest
endlessly sleepless endlessly
love you.
No matter bù guǎn ňi xin̄ chōng mǎn dūo shǎo kùn hùo
if your 不管你心充滿多少困惑
heart is not tube you heart full full many few distressed bewildered
full of so no matter your heart full so many bewildered
much
confusion,
I am wǒ júe dùi bú hùi dùi aı̀ fàng sōng
totally 我絕對不會對愛放鬆
unable to I extremely correct not able for love to set free to loosen
release absolutely unable to release
myself
from
loving
you.

134 2009 May 6
Daniel J. Greenhoe (柯晨光) C.6. YOU ARE MY FLOWER (你是我的花朵)

You are ňi s̀hi wǒ sǔo yǒu kùai lè yúan tóu
the source 你是我所有快樂源頭
of all the you are I that which to have quick joyous fountainhead head
happiness possess happiness fountainhead
that I
possess.
You and I wǒ hàn ňi jiāng hùi dào dá nà kāi xin̄ lè yúan
together 我和你將會到達那開心樂園
can reach I and you will able to reach to reach that to open heart joyous garden
the to arrive at joyful paradise
paradise
of joy.
你是我的花朵
留心腳步看得清楚
有很多可疑的因素
呼喊你讓你糊涂
考驗我愛的程度
高樓電梯霓虹深處
舞動在人群很拘束
拉著我不要飄走
我在你背後擋風
喔你是我的花朵
我要擁有你插在我心窩
我要保護你一路都暢通
就算你身邊很多小石頭
我要愛著你不眠也不休
不管你心充滿多少困惑
我絕對不會對愛你放鬆
你是我所有快樂源頭
我和你將會到達那開心樂園


136 2009 May 6
APPENDIX D
NAMES
Chinese names typically consist of three characters. The first character is the family
name. The next two characters are the given name. Here is an example using ”Jackie
Chan’s” Chinese name:
Chén gǎng shēng
陳港生
to lay out a port to give birth
D.1 Family Names
D.1.1 Common
Here is a list of some Chinese surnames: 1
Common family names
1 Reference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List of common Chinese surnames
137
APPENDIX D. NAMES Daniel J. Greenhoe (柯晨光)
白 Bái white 蔡 Cài a large turtle

曹 Cáo (a plural particle) 常 Cháng common;normal
陳 Chén to arrange 埕 Chéng
催 Cūi high and steep 戴 Dài to wear
鄧 Dèng 丁 Din̄g
董 Dǒng to oversee 杜 Dù to plug
段 Dùan a section 范 Fàn bee
方 Fāng square 馮 Féng
傅 Fù a teacher 高 Gāo high;tall
龔 Gōng reverential 顧 Gù to turn around and look
郭 Gūo town 韓 Hán fence
郝 Hǎo (an ancient place) 何 Hé
賀 Hè to congratulate 洪 Hóng a flood
侯 Hóu marquis 胡 Hú to blunder
黃 Húang yellow 賈 Jiǎ (“gǔ”=merchant)
姜 Jiāng ginger 江 Jiāng river
蔣 Jiǎng 金 Jīn gold
康 Kāng health 孔 Kǒng hole
賴 Lài to rely on 雷 Léi thunder
李 Lǐ plums 梁 Liáng bridge
廖 Liào 林 Liń forest
劉 Liú to kill 龍 Lóng dragon
盧 Lú black 羅 Lúo thin light silk
陸 Lù land 呂 Lv̌
馬 Mǎ horse 毛 Máo hair
孟 Mèng eldest child 牛 Niú ox
潘 Pān water 彭 Péng
錢 Qián money 秦 Qiń Qin Dynasty
邱 Qiū hill 任 Rén
邵 Shào 沈 Shěn

138 2009 May 6
Daniel J. Greenhoe (柯晨光) D.1. FAMILY NAMES
史 Shǐ history 施 Shī to carry out

石 Shı́ rocks 宋 Sòng
蘇 Sū 孫 Sūn grandchild;descendent
譚 Tán to talk 唐 Táng the Tang Dynasty
田 Tián agricultural land 萬 Wàn ten thousand
汪 Wāng pool of water 王 Wáng king
韋 Wéi tanned leather 魏 Wèi lofty;stately
吳 Wú 武 Wǔ military
夏 Xià summer 謝 Xiè to thank
蕭 Xiāo oxtail southern 熊 Xióng bear
wood;respectful
徐 Xú slowly;gently;calmly 許 Xǔ
薛 Xūe (a kind of marsh grass) 姚 Yáo handsome
嚴 Yán stern;strict 揚 Yáng to raise
姚 Yáo handsome 葉 Yè leaf
尹 Yiň to govern 余 Yú I
袁 Yúan the graceful look of a 曾 Zēng (a 4th generation relation-
flowing robe ship)
張 Zhāng to spread 趙 Zhào (an ancient feudal state)
周 Zhōu Zhou Dynasty 鄭 Zhèng solemn
鍾 Zhōng bell 鄒 Zōu
朱 Zhū bright red
Not so common family names
班 Bān a grade 包 Bāo to wrap
鮑 Bào abalone 貝 Bèi shells
畢 Bı̀ to complete 卜 Bǔ to divine
成 Chéng completed;accomplished 遲 Chı́ late
仇 Chóu enemy 楚 Chǔ
狄 Dı́ 督 Dū to oversee
鐸 Dúo a large bell 樊 Fán bird cage
房 Fáng house 斐 Fěi elegant;beautiful
費 Fèi expediture 馮 Féng

甘 Gān delicious 戈 Gē spear;lance

葛 Gě 辜 Gū sin;crime
古 Gǔ ancient 官 Gūan government official
管 Gǔan tube;pipe 桂 Gùi
花 Hūa flower 季 Jı̀ season
簡 Jiǎn brief 焦 Jiāo scorched
景 Jiňg scenery 柯 Kē tall evergreen tree
寇 Kòu bandits 匡 Kuāng to correct
黎 Lı́ numerous 栗 Lı̀ chestnut tree
連 Lián to connect 柳 Liǔ willow tree
魯 Lǔ dull 陸 Lù land
路 Lù road 麥 Mài wheat;barley;oats
眉 Méi eyebrows 梅 Méi prunes
門 Mén door 苗 Miáo a sprout
莫 Mò not 穆 Mù peaceful;serene
納 Nà to receive 南 Nán south
年 Nián year 聶 Niè
裴 Péi the look of a flowing 皮 Pı́ skin;fur
gown
溥 Pǔ great;wide;vast 齊 Qı́ equal
泉 Qúan spring;fountain 阮 Rǔan (ancient musical instru-
ment)
單 Shàn 水 Shǔi water
肅 Sù respectful;majestic 臺 Tái a lookout;an observatory
太 Tài very big 湯 Tāng hot water;soup
陶 Táo pottery 童 Tóng child
宛 Wǎn crooked 尾 Wěi tail
魏 Wèi lofty;stately;mafnificent 溫 Wēn warm
聞 Wén to hear 翁 Wēng father
巫 Wū witch;wizard 烏 Wū crow;raven
向 Xiàng to face 須 Xū must

140 2009 May 6
Daniel J. Greenhoe (柯晨光) D.2. CHARACTERS FOR MALE NAMES
宣 Xūan to announce 玄 Xúan far and obscure

晏 Yàn clear 楊 Yáng poplar
伊 Yī he;she 宜 Yı́ right;fitting
易 Yı̀ to exchange 英 Yin̄g a flower
尤 Yóu to feel bitter 猶 Yóu similar to
玉 Yù precious stone 郁 Yù colorfully ornamented
喻 Yù parable;to explain 越 Yùe to go beyond
樂 Yùe music 宰 Zǎi to preside
曾 Zēng 3 generation difference 詹 Zhān verbosity
湛 Zhàn deep;profound 戰 Zhàn war
章 Zhāng a piece of writing 芝 Zhī
智 Zhı̀ capable;wisdom 摯 Zhı̀ sincere
莊 Zhūang solemn 宗 Zōng ancestor
祖 Zǔ grandfather;grandmother
Rare family names

邸 Dǐ residence of a high official 頹 Túi to crumble
洗 Xiǎn 荀 Xún
義 Yı̀ justice 於 Yú in
禹 Yǔ 查 Zhā
湖 Hú lake 據 Jù proof
可 Kě to be able to 臨 Liń to look down from above
茅 Máo couch grass 猛 Měng bold;fierce
D.2 Characters for male names
Common characters for male names

澳 aò deep waters 奧 aò mysterious;profound
保 bǎo to guard 備 bèi completeness
炳 biňg bright;luminous 伯 bó a count (nobility)

博 bó extensive;abundant 財 cái wealth

燦 càn bright and brilliant 闡 chǎn to make clear
昌 chāng proper;good 暢 chàng smoothly;fluently
超 chāo to exceed 晨 chén morning;daybreak
誠 chéng sincere;honest 矗 chù steep;lofty
川 chūan river 達 dá intelligent;understanding
道 dào road;path 德 dé virtue

登 dēng to ascend;to climb 燈 dēng lamp;lantern
迪 dı́ to progress 頂 diňg the top
鬥 dòu to struggle 渡 dù to cross
敦 dūn honest;to deepen 奮 fèn to rise in force
豐 fēng abundant 奉 fèng to receive with respect
福 fú good fortune;a blessing 扶 fú to support
富 fù wealthy 功 gōng merit;achievement
谷 gǔ valley 固 gù stable;sturdy
圭 gūi (a jade tablet) 傀 gūi great;wonderful
貴 gùi high-placed 過 gùo to pass
捍 hàn to defend 皓 hào white and bright
籇 háo outstandingly intelligent 和 hé harmony
宏 hóng magnificent 泓 hóng deep
鴻 hóng swan 煥 hùan shining
虎 hǔ brave 暉 hūi radiant
火 hǔo fire 繼 jı̀ to carry on
堅 jiān strong and durable 佼 jiǎo charming
結 jiē tough 杰 jié outstanding
捷 jié swift 傑 jié remarkable
介 jiè upright 勁 jiǹ vigor
進 jı̀n to advance 晉 jı̀n to advance
井 jiňg a well 靖 jiǹg peaceful
炯 jiǒng brightness 凱 kǎi peace

142 2009 May 6
Daniel J. Greenhoe (柯晨光) D.2. CHARACTERS FOR MALE NAMES
康 kāng healthy 慷 kāng unselfish

克 kè to overcome 客 kè guest
昆 kūn elder brother 琅 láng clean and white
瑯 láng pure and white 禮 lǐ courtesy
理 lǐ reason;logic 力 lı̀ strength
良 liáng fine;desirable 烈 liè fiery
嶙 liń rugged 亮 liàng bright
諒 liàng honest 霖 liń continuous heavy rain
磷 liń water flowing between 令 liǹg excellent
stones
流 liú to flow;mobile 隆 lóng prosperous;abundant
民 miń the people 牧 mù to shephard
睦 mù friendly;to befriend 邁 mài to surpass
滿 mǎn full;plentiful 茫 máng vast;boundless
茂 mào exuberant 萌 méng to bud;to shoot forth
渺 miǎo endlessly vast 淼 miǎo extensive;vast
明 miı́ng bright;brilliant 慕 mù to long for;to adore
耐 nài to endure 沛 pèi abundance
怦 pēng eager 祈 qı́ to pray
杞 qǐ a species of willow 謙 qiān humble
勤 qiń diligent;industrious 清 qin̄g pure;virtuous
遒 qiú strong;vigorous 饒 ráo abundant
仁 rén benevolence;kindness 榮 róng glory;honor
融 róng glowing 睿 rùi wise and clever
塞 sài to compete 森 sēn luxuriant vegetation
山 shān mountain 善 shàn good;virtuous
贍 shàn to provide 盛 shèng abundant;rich
慎 shèn cautious;prudent 士 shı̀ scholar
守 shǒu to protect 舒 Shū to unfold
碩 shùo great;large 嵩 sōng mountain song
添 tiān to increase 遂 sùi to satisfy;to fulfill

潭 tán deep water;profound 旺 wàng prosperous

威 wēi dignity;authority;awe 惟 wéi to think;to meditate
維 wéi to hold fast 穩 wěn stable;steady
梧 wú a support 悟 wù to become aware of;to re-
alize
晤 wù to meet;enlightened;wise 悉 xī to know
皙 xī fair,white 溪 xī mountain stream
俠 xiá chivalry 峽 xiá a gorge
黠 xiá smart;clever 閒 xián quiet;calm
賢 xián capable;versatile 現 xiàn to emerge
祥 xiáng auspicious 協 xié to agree;to help
新 xin̄ new;fresh 興 xin̄g to rise;to thrive
興 xiǹg cheerful;happy 旭 xù radiance of daybreak
勳 xūn merits;honors 涯 yá water’s edge
巖 yán a rock 嚴 yán beautiful
儼 yǎn majestic;respectable 泱 yāng great;profound
杳 yǎo deep and expansive 屹 yı̀ to rise high
奕 yı̀ great;grand;abundant 益 yı̀ to increase
軼 yı̀ to excel 肄 yı̀ to study;to toil
毅 yı̀ firm;endurance;fortitude 藝 yı̀ art;skill
翼 yı̀ wings;to help 殷 yin̄ flourishing
蔭 yı̀n shade 廕 yı̀n to shelter
熒 yińg candle light 贏 yińg to win
雍 yōng harmony;peaceful 勇 yǒng courageous;fearless
優 yōu excellent;abundant 域 yù frontier
裕 yù abundance;generous 譽 yù fame;honor
豫 yù comfort;to travel 援 yúan to lead;to rescue
嶽 yùe a high mountain 贊 zàn to assist;to support
增 zēng to increase 嶄 zhǎn towering
璋 zhāng an ancient jade ornament 朝 zhāo morning
哲 zhé a thinker;wise 崢 zhēng lofty;outstanding

144 2009 May 6
Daniel J. Greenhoe (柯晨光) D.3. CHARACTERS FOR FEMALE NAMES
拯 zhěng to save;to deliver 正 zhèng proper

陟 zhı̀ to ascend 忠 zhōng faithful;devoted
助 zhù to help
Not commonly used characters for male names
瀑 bào sudden pouring rain 懂 dǒng to understand
敢 gǎn to dare;bold 趕 gǎn to pursue
好 hǎo good 駕 jià to excel
肩 jiān to sustain 澗 jiàn mountain stream
匠 jiàng craftsman 禁 jin̄ to endure
勁 jiǹg powerful 剋 kè to overcome
懇 kěn sincere 款 kǔan sincerity
闊 kùo wealthy 擴 kùo to expand
倆 liǎng craft;ability 瀏 liú the appearance of a clear
stream
D.3 Characters for female names
Common characters for female names

愛 aı̀ to love 芭 bā a fragrant plant
蓓 bèi flower bud 嬋 chán graceful;ladylike
春 chūn spring 淳 chún pure;clean;simple
慈 cı́ kind;loving 黛 dài a beauty
旦 dàn daybreak 朵 dúo flower
婀 ē graceful;elegant 娥 é good;beautiful
芳 fāng fragrant;virtuous 菲 fēi fragrant
芬 fēn fragrance;perfume 鳳 fèng male phoenix
馥 fù fragrant fragrance 瑰 gūi fabulous;a kind of jasper
蕙 hùi fragrant orchid 薈 hùi luxuriant growth
慧 hùi wise 姬 jī beautiful lady
佳 jiā beautiful 嬌 jiāo delicate
潔 jié pure 菁 jin̄g the flower of the leek

靜 jiǹg tranquility 淨 jiǹg pure

娟 jūan graceful 嵐 lán mountain vapor
蘭 lán orchid 莉 lı̀ white jasmine
麗 lı̀ beautiful 蓮 lián lotus
戀 liàn to be in love 玲 lińg tinklings of jade
綾 lińg very fine silk cloth 曼 màn delicately beauti-
ful;graceful
玫 méi rose 美 měi beautiful
蜜 mı̀ honey 妙 miào wonderful; intriguing; in-
genious
念 niàn to miss;to long for 嬝 niǎo delicate;graceful
寧 nińg peace;serenity 綺 qǐ beautiful; resplendent
情 qińg feelings; love 晴 qińg fine;fair
瓊 qióng fine jade 柔 róu soft and tender
珊 shān tinkling of jade 韶 sháo a form of music; beauti-
ful, harmonious
絲 sī silk 素 sù pure white silk
曇 tán clouds 甜 tián sweet;agreeable
恬 tián quiet;undisturbed 窕 tiǎo slender;charming
婉 wǎn amiable;pleasant 舞 wǔ to dance
絃 xián the string of a musical in- 嫻 xián refined;gracious
strument
香 xiāng sweet-smelling 心 xin̄ heart
欣 xin̄ glad 欣 xin̄ glad;joyful
曉 xiǎo daybreak;dawn 秀 xiù brilliant; beautiful; grace-
ful
絢 xùan bright and brilliant 雪 xǔe snow
雅 yǎ refined;polished 嫣 yān captivating; fascinating
雁 yàn wild goose 瑤 yáo precious jade
樂 yào to love 怡 yı́ harmony; jubilation
旖 yǐ romantic; tender 音 yin̄ sound; musical note
瑛 yin̄g glitter of jade 櫻 yin̄g cherry;cherry blossoms

146 2009 May 6
Daniel J. Greenhoe (柯晨光) D.4. CHARACTERS FOR EITHER MALE OR FEMALE NAMES
詠 yǒng to sing;to hum 瑜 yú perfect gem

愉 yú happy;joyful 月 yùe the moon
韻 yùn rhymes 貞 zhēn chasity; pure
珍 zhēn precious; rare 珠 zhū pearl
Not often used characters for female names
緋 fēi scarlet;crimson 卲 shào to encourage; graceful
籥 yùe a kind of flute
D.4 Characters for either male or female names
Characters for either male or female names

藹 aǐ exuberant;amiable 安 an̄ peaceful
本 běn root;source 才 cái gifted person
恩 en̄ grace;kindness 梵 fàn clean and pure
飛 fēi to fly 霏 fēi falling of snow and rain
翡 fěi kingfisher;emerald 丰 fēng good-looking
風 fēng wind;breeze 佳 jiā excellent
錦 jǐn glorious 樂 lè happy
夢 mèng dream 瑞 rùi lucky
詩 shī poetry 思 sī to think
琬 wǎn (a kind of jade tablet) 望 wàng to watch;to hope
文 wén a composition;culture 蓊 wěng flourishing;lush
喜 xǐ a joyful thing 禧 xǐ happiness;blessings
夏 xià summer 相 xiàng to examine;to help
行 xińg to walk 幸 xiǹg well-being
續 xù to continue;to renew 誼 yı̀ friendship
穎 yiňg outstanding;remarkable 愉 yú happy;contented
雨 yǔ rain 照 zhào to shine upon
甄 zhēn potter’s wheel 佐 zǔo to assist
妍 yán beautiful 耀 yào to shine;to dazzle
盈 yińg to fill 羽 yǔ feather;wing

知 zhī knowledge
D.5 Famous names
It might be useful to see some examples of names of real people (past and present). 2
Table D.5: Famous people
name description
Féng Gúo zhāng male, 1858–1919, army general and
馮國璋 politician
country jade tablet
Lı́ Yúan hóng male, 1864–1928, general and former
黎元洪 president of Taiwan
many first flood
Dùan qı́ rùi male, 1864–1936, army commander and
段祺瑞 provisional chief executive
lucky auspicious
Wèi dào mińg male, 1900–1978, governor of Taiwan
魏道明 province from 1947–1949
magnificent road bright
Yúan shı̀ kǎi male, 1859–1916, military official and
袁世凱 politician
generation triumphant strains
Yáng gùi fēi female, 719–756, highest ranking
楊貴妃 imperial concubine
poplar valued concubine
Wáng zhāo jūn female, ∼40B.C., One of the “Four
王昭君 Beauties” of ancient China
king clear monarch
2 Reference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List of Chinese people

148 2009 May 6
Daniel J. Greenhoe (柯晨光) D.5. FAMOUS NAMES

name description
Jiǎng tińg xı́ male, 1669–1732 painter and
蔣廷錫 encyclopedia editor
monarch’s court tin
liáng lǎng qiū male, ∼ 1900; poet and calligrapher
梁朗秋
roof beam bright autumn
Qı́ bái shı́ male, 1864–1957; painter
齊白石
orderly white stone
Wáng xī zhī male, 303–361; the “Sage of Calligraphy”
王羲之
king (a legendary ruler) to arrive at
Zhào mèng fǔ male, 1254–1322; prince, scholar, painter,
趙孟頫 and calligrapher
first month of a season to bow the head
Zhèng xiào xū male, 1860–1938; statesman, diplomat,
鄭孝胥 and calligrapher
solemn dutiful together
Chéng màn qin̄g male, 1902-1975; the “Master of Five
鄭曼青 Excellences”: Chinese medicine, Tai Chi
graceful blue Chuan, calligraphy, painting, and poetry
Xiè tińg male, 1980– ; singer and actor
謝霆
to thank sudden thunder
fēng
鋒
cutting edge of a sword
Fàn bin̄g bin̄g female, 1981– ; actress
范冰冰
ice ice


name description
Bó an̄ nı́ female; actress, English name “Ann
柏安妮 Bridgewater”
cypress peaceful maid
Lǐ Xiǎo lóng male, 1940–1973, martial arts actor,
李小龍 English name, “Bruce Lee”
plum tree little dragon
Chén gǎng shēng male, 1954– ; martial arts actor, English
陳港生 name “Jackie Chan”
to lay out a port to give birth
Zhōu xin̄g chı́ male, 1962; actor, director, English name
周星馳 “Stephen Chow”
star to gallop
Wú yǔ sēn male, 1946– ; director, producer, English
吳宇森 name “John Woo”
roof luxuriant vegetation
Chén hùi shān female, 1970– ; actress, English name
陳慧珊 “Flora Chan”
to lay out wisdom tinkling of jade
Chén hùi liń female, 1972– ; singer and actress,
陳慧琳 English name, “Kelly Chen”
to layout wisdom beautiful jade
Dèng lı̀ jūn female, 1953–1995; singer, English name
鄧麗君 “Teresa Teng”
beautiful monarch
Chén jiňg rùn male, 1933–1996; mathematician
陳景潤
a view moist
References:
葉德明 (2000): Far East Pinyin Chinese-English Dictionary: 遠東拼音漢英辭典
Dr. Eye for Windows 95/98/NT/2000/ME/XP

150 2009 May 6
APPENDIX E
MATHEMATICS
E.1 Branches
Table E.1: Branches of mathematics

algebra dài shù xúe
代數學
substitute number learn
mathematics
analysis fēn xī
分析
divide divide
analyze
arithmetic jı̀ sùan
計算
count calculate
151
APPENDIX E. MATHEMATICS Daniel J. Greenhoe (柯晨光)

calculus wéi jī fēn
微積分
tiny accumulate divide
integral
combinatorics zǔ hé shù xúe
組合數學
organize close number learn
combination mathematics
complex analysis fù biàn shù jī fēn
複變數積分
repeat become different number accumulate divide
variable integral
ordinary differential cháng wéi fēn fāng chéng
equations 常微分方程
ordinary tiny divide square rules
differential equation
discrete mathematics lı́ sàn shù xúe
離散數學
leave lose number learn
dispersed mathematics
functional analysis fàn hán fēn xī
泛函分析
float letter divide divide
function analyze
geometry jǐ hé xúe
幾何學
how many study
geometry
graph theory tú lùn
圖論
drawing theory

152 2009 May 6
Daniel J. Greenhoe (柯晨光) E.1. BRANCHES

linear algebra xı̀an xı̀ng dài shù xúe
線性代數學
thread nature substitute number learn
linear mathematics
logic tūi lǐ
推理
push reason
logic
numerical analysis shú zhı́ fēn xī
數值分析
number value divide divide
analyze
number theory shù lùn
數論
number theory
partial differential piān wéi fēn fāng chéng
equations 偏微分方程
slanting tiny divide square rules
differential equation
probability jī lv̀
機率
machine rate
real analysis shı́ biàn hán shù lùn
實變函數論
real become letter number theory
function
statistics tǒng jı̀ xúe
統計學
system count study
compile statistics


topology tùo pū xúe
拓撲學
open beat study
trigonometry sān jiǎo hán shù
三角函數
three angle letter number
triangle function
E.2 Arithmetic
Table E.2: Arithmetic

add jīa addition jīa fǎ
加加法
add add law
subtract jǐan subtraction jǐan fǎ
減減法
subtract subtract law
multiply chéng multiplication chéng fǎ
乘乘法
multiply multiply law
divide chú division chú fǎ
除除法
divide divide law
equal děng yú altogether gòng
等於共
rank at

154 2009 May 6
Daniel J. Greenhoe (柯晨光) E.4. SPACES
E.3 Sets
The most fundamental structures are
¬ sets: collections of objects
relations: relationships between sets
Fundamental relations:





functions: f:X→Y


 logic operators: ∨, ∧, ¬ : {T, F}2 → {T, F}



 equivalence relations: ≡

relations 





order relations: R


 set inclusion relations: ⊆, ⊇, =, (, )


 set operations: ∪, ∩, \, △

set jı́ hé relation guān xı̀
集合關係
gather combine close to bind
set relation
E.4 Spaces

inner-product space nèi jī kōng jiān
內積空間
inside accumulate empty between
inner-product space


topological space tùo pù kōng jiān
拓撲空間
open up to beat empty between
topology space
E.5 Relations
1
A relation ≤ is an partial ordering relation on X if
1. x ≤ x ∀x∈X (reflexive) and preorder
D 2. x ≤ y and y ≤ z =⇒ x ≤ z ∀x,y,z∈X (transitive) and
E
F 3. x ≤ y and y ≤ x =⇒ x = y ∀x,y∈X (antisymmetric)
An partially ordered set is the pair (X, ≤).
If x ≤ y or y ≤ x, then we say that x and y are comparable;
otherwise, they are incomparable which is denoted as x||y.
Table E.5: Types of relations

partial order relation piān xù guān xı̀
偏序關係
slanting order to close to tie
partial order relation
1 MacLane and Birkhoff (1999): Algebra, page 470

Halmos (1960): Naive Set Theory, page 54
Kuratowski (1921): Fundamenta Mathematicae 2 [1921], page 164

156 2009 May 6
Daniel J. Greenhoe (柯晨光) E.5. RELATIONS
topological
space
⇑ v
vector space metric space measure space
v ⇑ ⇑
normed linear probability
space space
t v
inner-product
Banach space
space
v t
Hilbert space
t v
I2 (Z ) L2 (R )
v t
0
Figure E.1: Common abstract spaces
Table E.6: Relation properties

irreflexive zı̀ fǎn xiı̀ng reflexive zı̀ fǎn xiı̀ng
自反性自反性
self opposite property self opposite property
reflexive reflexive
transitive chúan dı̀ xiı̀ng
傳遞性
pass pass over property
transitive


symmetric dùi chèn antisymmetric fǎn
對稱反
facing a weighing machine contrary
symmetric dùi chèn
xiı̀ng 對稱
性 facing a weighing machine
property symmetric
xiı̀ng
性
property

158 2009 May 6
Daniel J. Greenhoe (柯晨光) E.5. RELATIONS
Back Matter


160 2009 May 6
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eŕ tóng EQ jiào yù tóng hùa) Young fortunate children EQ educational fairy tales ⟨URL:
http://www.168books.com.tw/page/4001.jsp⟩, 33
23. 劉嘉裕: 醜小鴨 (chǒu xiǎo yā) — The Ugly Duckling. 台北, Taiwan: 幼福文化事業股份有限公司,
January 1999b Volume 2 of 劉嘉裕 (1999a): ⟨URL:
http://www.168books.com.tw/page/4001.jsp⟩, 33, based on the text originally written
in Danish by Hans Christian Andersen and published in 1843, ISBN 957747167–6
24. 劉嘉裕: 賣香屁 (mài xiāng p̀i) — Selling Fragrant Gas. 台北, Taiwan: 幼福文化事業股份有限公司,
January 1999c Volume 23 of 劉嘉裕 (1999a): ⟨URL:
http://www.168books.com.tw/page/4001.jsp#4006⟩, 33, ISBN 957747188–9
25. 蘇錦梅: 乞丐王子 (qǐ gài wáng zǐ) — The Prince and the Pauper. 台北, Taiwan:
幼福文化事業股份有限公司, January 1999 Volume 20 of 劉嘉裕 (1999a): ⟨URL:
http://www.168books.com.tw/page/4001.jsp⟩, 33, based on the text originally written
in English by Samuel Langhorne Clemens (Mark Twain) and published in 1882, ISBN
957747185–4
26. 劉嘉裕: 三劍客 (sān jiàn kè) The Three Musketeers. 台北, Taiwan: 幼福文化事業股份有限公司,
January 1999 Volume 18 of 劉嘉裕 (1999a): ⟨URL:
http://www.168books.com.tw/page/4001.jsp⟩, 33, based on the novel originally written
in French by père Alexandre Dumas and published in 1844, ISBN 957747183–8
27. 葉德明, editor: Far East Pinyin Chinese-English Dictionary: 遠東拼音漢英辭典. Taipei:
遠東圖書公司 (yǔan dōng tú shū gōng s̄i) The Far East Book Company, Limited, 2000 ⟨URL:
http://www.worldcat.org/isbn/957612462X⟩, 878, editor 葉德明=Yè Dé Mińg (leaf
virtue bright), ISBN 957612462X
28. 風車編輯部/編: 10隻討厭的烏鴉 (shı́ zhī tǎo yàn de wū yā) — Ten Disagreeable Crows. 台北,
Taiwan: 風車出版 (fēng chē chū bǎn) Windmill Publishing, September 2002 ⟨URL:
http://shopping.windmill.com.tw/epaperbox/learn40.htm⟩, 122, ISBN
986–7906–56–X
29. 張晉霖: 台北, Taiwan: 風車出版 (fēng chē chū bǎn) Windmill Publishing, September 2005, (ỳi
běn cóng gù s̀hi lǐ q̌i fā z̀hi hùi xúe x́i de tú hùa shū) an illustrated book using stories to inspire
wisdom and learning ⟨URL:
http://shopping.windmill.com.tw/epaperbox/E1019999070.html⟩
30. 幼福編輯部, editor: 寶寶心靈成長雙語繪本. 台北, Taiwan: 幼福文化事業股份有限公司, August
2005a, 寶寶心靈成長雙語繪本 (bǎo bǎo xin̄ lińg chěng zhǎng shūang yǔ hùi yǔ) Baby intelligent
growth bilingual illustrated books ⟨URL:
http://www.168books.com.tw/page/2034.jsp⟩, 34
31. 幼福編輯部, editor: 大黃牛學勤勞 A Cow Learns Diligence. 台北, Taiwan:
幼福文化事業股份有限公司, August 2005b Volume 2034-1 of 幼福編輯部 (2005a):
寶寶心靈成長雙語繪本⟨URL: http://www.168books.com.tw/page/2034.jsp⟩, 34, ISBN
957–747–516–7

32. 幼福編輯部, editor: 小猴子長大了 A Little Monkey Grows Up. 台北, Taiwan:
幼福文化事業股份有限公司, September 2005c Volume 2034-12 of 幼福編輯部 (2005a):
957747527–2
33. 幼福編輯部, editor: 小老虎大嗓門 A Little Tiger’s Loud Voice. 台北, Taiwan:
幼福文化事業股份有限公司, August 2005d Volume 2034-6 of 幼福編輯部 (2005a):
957–747–521–3
34. 幼福編輯部, editor: 小象妹找自信 An Elephant Looks For Confidence. 台北, Taiwan:
幼福文化事業股份有限公司, August 2005e Volume 2034-2 of 幼福編輯部 (2005a):
957–747–517–5
35. 張晉霖: 白雲枕頭 (bái yún zhěn tóu) — The White Cloud Pillow. 台北, Taiwan: 風車出版 (fēng
chē chū bǎn) Windmill Publishing, May 2005a Volume 3 of 張晉霖 (2005): ⟨URL:
http://shopping.windmill.com.tw/epaperbox/E1019999070.html#3⟩, 36, ISBN
9867267125
36. 張晉霖: 哈啾不見了 (hā jiū bú jiàn le) — “Achoo” has dissappeared. 台北, Taiwan: 風車出版 (fēng
chē chū bǎn) Windmill Publishing, September 2005b Volume 8 of 張晉霖 (2005): ⟨URL:
986–7267–17–6
37. 張晉霖: 蝴蝶風箏 (hú dié fēng zhēng) — The Butterfly Kite. 台北, Taiwan: 風車出版 (fēng chē chū
bǎn) Windmill Publishing, September 2005c Volume 1 of 張晉霖 (2005): ⟨URL:
http://shopping.windmill.com.tw/epaperbox/E1019999070.html#1⟩, ISBN
986–7267–10–9
38. 張晉霖: 奇怪的客人 (qı́ gùai de kè rén) — The Strange Visitor. 台北, Taiwan: 風車出版 (fēng chē
chū bǎn) Windmill Publishing, September 2005d Volume 4 of 張晉霖 (2005): ⟨URL:
9867267133
39. 幼福編輯部, editor: 誰來叫醒我 (shéi lái jiào xiňg wǒ) Who can wake me up? 台北, Taiwan:
幼福文化事業股份有限公司, August 2005a Volume 2034-3 of 幼福編輯部 (2005a):
寶寶心靈成長雙語繪本⟨URL: http://www.168books.com.tw/page/2034.jsp⟩, 35
40. 幼福編輯部, editor: 獅子王的原則 (s̄hi zi wáng de yúan zé) The King of Lion’s Principle. 台北,
Taiwan: 幼福文化事業股份有限公司, September 2005b Volume 2034-8 of 幼福編輯部 (2005a):
957747523–X
41. 幼福編輯部, editor: 酷酷熊有決心 The Bear Got The Determination. 台北, Taiwan:
幼福文化事業股份有限公司, September 2005c Volume 2034-10 of 幼福編輯部 (2005a):
957747525–6

164 2009 May 6
42. 幼福編輯部, editor: 黑猩猩來了 The black gorilla is coming. 台北, Taiwan:
幼福文化事業股份有限公司, October 2005d Volume 2035-4 of 幼福編輯部 (2005a):
寶寶心靈成長雙語繪本⟨URL: http://www.168books.com.tw/page/2034.jsp#2035⟩, 36,
ISBN 957–747–553–1
43. 幼福編輯部, editor: 最珍貴的禮物 The Most Precious Present. 台北, Taiwan:
幼福文化事業股份有限公司, August 2005e Volume 2034-4 of 幼福編輯部 (2005a):
寶寶心靈成長雙語繪本⟨URL: http://www.168books.com.tw/page/2034.jsp⟩, 35
44. 幼福編輯部, editor: 小諸送的花兒 The Pig Was Given Me Flowers. 台北, Taiwan:
幼福文化事業股份有限公司, September 2005f Volume 2034-9 of 幼福編輯部 (2005a):
957747524–8
45. 幼福編輯部, editor: 小白兔的友誼 The Rabbit’s Friendship. 台北, Taiwan:
幼福文化事業股份有限公司, August 2005g Volume 2034-5 of 幼福編輯部 (2005a):
957–747–520–5
46. 張晉霖: 一塊錢‧買一個夢 (ýi kùai qián · mǎi ȳi ge mèng) One dollar · buy one dream. 台北,
Taiwan: 風車出版 (fēng chē chū bǎn) Windmill Publishing, May 2005 Volume 7 of 張晉霖 (2005):
⟨URL: http://shopping.windmill.com.tw/epaperbox/E1019999070.html#7⟩, ISBN
9789867267108
47. 黃慧敏: 阿尼要搬家 (ā ńi yào bān jiā) Annie wants to move. 世一文化 (s̀hi ỳi wén hùa) The world
of one culture (Acme Books), September 2006, 品德．智能學習圖畫書 ⟨URL:
http://www.acmebooks.com.tw/product/showprod.asp?PDNBR=2618⟩, 24, ISBN
986–418–891–7
48. 余治瑩: 彩色小兔 (cǎi sè xiǎo tù) The colored rabbit. 世一文化 (s̀hi ỳi wén hùa) The world of one
culture (Acme Books), December 2006, 品德．智能學習圖畫書 ⟨URL:
986–418–916–6
49. 張晉霖: 給貓咪掛鈴鐺 (gěi māo m̄i gùa lińg dāng) hang a bell on the cat. Volume 1, (ỳi běn cóng
gù s̀hi lǐ q̌i fā rén shēng z̀hi hùi de tú hùa shū) an illustrated book using stories to inspire wisdom
for life. 台北, Taiwan: 風車出版 (fēng chē chū bǎn) Windmill Publishing, May 2006 ⟨URL:
http://shopping.windmill.com.tw/bookcomment-2.aspx?BOKNO=10155802⟩, 27,
ISBN 9867014049
50. 腸子: 小狼的禮物 (xiǎo láng de lǐ wù) Little Wolf’s gift. 世一文化 (s̀hi ỳi wén hùa) The world of
one culture (Acme Books), September 2006, 品德．智能學習圖畫書 ⟨URL:
986–418–877–1
51. 胡韶真: 公雞國王 (gōng jī gúo wáng) The rooster named King. Volume 4, (piň dé péi yǎng chéng
zhǎng hùi běn) character development illustrated book series. 世一文化 (s̀hi ỳi wén hùa) The
world of one culture (Acme Books), 2007 ⟨URL:
http://www.acmebooks.com.tw/product/showprod.asp?PDNBR=2782⟩, 24

52. 李美華; 漢唐出版設計製作群, editor: 避雨 (bı̀ yǔ) Taking shelter from the rain. 台北 (Tái běi)
Taipei: 風車出版 (fēng chē chū bǎn) Windmill Publishing, February 2008a Volume 4 of 張晉霖
and 李美華 (2008a): 愛與心靈成長學習繪本 (ài yǔ xin̄ lińg chéng zhǎng xúe x́i hùi běn) Love and
intelligence growth and learning illustrated books⟨URL:
張晉霖=Zhāng Jiǹ Liń and 李美華=Lǐ Měi Húa, ISBN 9789866855702
53. 李美華; 漢唐出版設計製作群, editor: 讓人思念的小章魚 (ràng rén s̄i niàn de xiǎo zhāng yú) —
The Little Octopus who makes people miss him. 台北 (Tái běi) Taipei: 風車出版 (fēng chē chū
bǎn) Windmill Publishing, February 2008b Volume 5 of 張晉霖 and 李美華 (2008a):
愛與心靈成長學習繪本 (ài yǔ xin̄ lińg chéng zhǎng xúe x́i hùi běn) Love and intelligence growth
and learning illustrated books⟨URL:
54. 李美華; 漢唐出版設計製作群, editor: 豬奶奶不在家 (zhū nǎi nai bú zài jiā) (Grandma Pig is not
home). 台北 (Tái běi) Taipei: 風車出版 (fēng chē chū bǎn) Windmill Publishing, February 2008c
Volume 7 of 張晉霖 and 李美華 (2008a): 愛與心靈成長學習繪本 (ài yǔ xin̄ lińg chéng zhǎng xúe x́i
hùi běn) Love and intelligence growth and learning illustrated books⟨URL:
55. 張晉霖 and 李美華; 漢唐出版設計製作群, editor: 愛與心靈成長學習繪本 (ài yǔ xin̄ lińg chéng
zhǎng xúe x́i hùi běn) Love and intelligence growth and learning illustrated books. 台北 (Tái běi)
Taipei: 風車出版 (fēng chē chū bǎn) Windmill Publishing, February 2008a, 愛與心靈成長學習繪本
(ài yǔ xin̄ lińg chéng zhǎng xúe x́i hùi běn) Love and intelligence growth and learning illustrated
books, 張晉霖=Zhāng Jiǹ Liń and 李美華=Lǐ Měi Húa
56. 張晉霖 and 李美華; 漢唐出版設計製作群, editor: 貝絲的心願 (bèi s̄i de xin̄ yuàn) Beth’s cherished
desire. 台北 (Tái běi) Taipei: 風車出版 (fēng chē chū bǎn) Windmill Publishing, February 2008b
Volume 2 of 張晉霖 and 李美華 (2008a): 愛與心靈成長學習繪本 (ài yǔ xin̄ lińg chéng zhǎng xúe x́i
hùi běn) Love and intelligence growth and learning illustrated books⟨URL:
57. 張晉霖 and 李美華; 漢唐出版設計製作群, editor: 流浪貓 (liú làng māo) The vagrant cat. 台北 (Tái
běi) Taipei: 風車出版 (fēng chē chū bǎn) Windmill Publishing, February 2008c Volume 3 of
張晉霖 and 李美華 (2008a): 愛與心靈成長學習繪本 (ài yǔ xin̄ lińg chéng zhǎng xúe x́i hùi běn)
Love and intelligence growth and learning illustrated books⟨URL:
58. 張晉霖 and 李美華; 漢唐出版設計製作群, editor: 沙漠中的一桶水 (shā mò zhōng de ȳi tǒng shǔi)
A bucket of water in the dessert. 台北 (Tái běi) Taipei: 風車出版 (fēng chē chū bǎn) Windmill
Publishing, February 2008d Volume 8 of 張晉霖 and 李美華 (2008a): 愛與心靈成長學習繪本 (ài
yǔ xin̄ lińg chéng zhǎng xúe x́i hùi běn) Love and intelligence growth and learning illustrated
books⟨URL:

166 2009 May 6
59. 張晉霖 and 李美華; 漢唐出版設計製作群, editor: 溫暖的星星 (wēn nǔan de xin̄g xin̄g) The
warmth of stars. 台北 (Tái běi) Taipei: 風車出版 (fēng chē chū bǎn) Windmill Publishing,
February 2008e Volume 1 of 張晉霖 and 李美華 (2008a): 愛與心靈成長學習繪本 (ài yǔ xin̄ lińg
chéng zhǎng xúe x́i hùi běn) Love and intelligence growth and learning illustrated books⟨URL:
60. 張晉霖 and 李美華; 漢唐出版設計製作群, editor: 真的﹗ (zhēn de) — Really! 台北 (Tái běi)
Taipei: 風車出版 (fēng chē chū bǎn) Windmill Publishing, February 2008f Volume 6 of 張晉霖
and 李美華 (2008a): 愛與心靈成長學習繪本 (ài yǔ xin̄ lińg chéng zhǎng xúe x́i hùi běn) Love and
intelligence growth and learning illustrated books⟨URL:


168 2009 May 6
REFERENCE INDEX
風車編輯部/編 (2002): 10隻討厭的烏鴉 — Ten Disagreeable Crows, 36, 46, 50, 53, 56, 59, 94
劉嘉裕 (1999): 三劍客 (sān jiàn kè) The Three Musketeers, 43, 52, 85
黃慧敏 (2006): 阿尼要搬家 (ā ńi yào bān jiā) Annie wants to move, 4, 109
張晉霖 (2005b): 哈啾不見了 (hā jiū bú jiàn le) — “Achoo” has dissappeared, 6, 96
Young and Kim (2003c): 毛蟲家族去購物 The caterpillar family goes shopping, 29
Young and Kim (2003b): 小毛蟲學電腦 Little caterpillar learns the computer, 110
幼福編輯部 (2005c): 酷酷熊有決心 The Bear Got The Determination, vi, 89
幼福編輯部 (2005e): 最珍貴的禮物 The Most Precious Present, vi
幼福編輯部 (2005b): 大黃牛學勤勞 A Cow Learns Diligence, v, 6, 54–56, 70, 106
幼福編輯部 (2005e): 小象妹找自信 An Elephant Looks For Confidence, vi, 56, 57, 96, 100
幼福編輯部 (2005d): 黑猩猩來了 The black gorilla is coming, vi, 42, 53, 55, 57, 58, 95
幼福編輯部 (2005b): 獅子王的原則 (s̄hi zi wáng de yúan zé) The King of Lion’s Principle, vi, 36, 49
幼福編輯部 (2005c): 小猴子長大了 A Little Monkey Grows Up, vi, 76
幼福編輯部 (2005f): 小諸送的花兒 The Pig Was Given Me Flowers, vi, 71
幼福編輯部 (2005g): 小白兔的友誼 The Rabbit’s Friendship, vi, 70, 77, 98, 108
幼福編輯部 (2005a): 誰來叫醒我 (shéi lái jiào xiňg wǒ) Who can wake me up?, vi
幼福編輯部 (2005d): 小老虎大嗓門 A Little Tiger’s Loud Voice, vi, 106
張晉霖 (2005c): 蝴蝶風箏 (hú dié fēng zhēng) — The Butterfly Kite, 85, 109
郭桂玲: 神氣的披風 (shén qı̀ de pī fēng) — The Majestic Cape, 54, 95
胡韶真 (2007): 公雞國王 (gōng jī gúo wáng) The rooster named King, 60, 63, 73, 74
張晉霖 (2005a): 白雲枕頭 (bái yún zhěn tóu) — The White Cloud Pillow, 7, 29, 59
余治瑩 (2006): 彩色小兔 (cǎi sè xiǎo tù) The colored rabbit, 62, 76, 95
張晉霖 (2005): 一塊錢‧買一個夢 (ýi kùai qián · mǎi ȳi ge mèng) One dollar · buy one dream, 6, 62
狐狸與鸛鳥 (hú lı́ yǔ gùan niǎo) The Fox and the Stork, 61
劉嘉裕 (1999c): 賣香屁 (mài xiāng p̀i) — Selling Fragrant Gas, 49, 97–100
Jr.: Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 13
169
Reference Index Daniel J. Greenhoe (柯晨光)
Halmos (1960): Naive Set Theory, 156

Walsh (1999): 躲貓貓和睡覺 — Hide and Sleep, 101
Kuratowski (1921): Fundamenta Mathematicae 2 [1921], 156
張晉霖 (2006): 給貓咪掛鈴鐺 (gěi māo m̄i gùa lińg dāng) hang a bell on the cat, 100
張晉霖 and 李美華 (2008f): 真的﹗ (zhēn de) — Really!, vi, 77, 79, 109
張晉霖 and 李美華 (2008b): 貝絲的心願 (bèi s̄i de xin̄ yuàn) Beth’s cherished desire, vi, 99
張晉霖 and 李美華 (2008c): 流浪貓 (liú làng māo) The vagrant cat, vi, 47, 51
張晉霖 and 李美華 (2008e): 溫暖的星星 (wēn nǔan de xin̄g xin̄g) The warmth of stars, vi
李美華 (2008b): 讓人思念的小章魚 — The Little Octopus . . . , vi, 38, 44, 52, 89, 91
李美華 (2008c): 豬奶奶不在家 (zhū nǎi nai bú zài jiā) (Grandma Pig is not home), vi
李美華 (2008a): 避雨 (bı̀ yǔ) Taking shelter from the rain, vi, 50, 78, 88
張晉霖 and 李美華 (2008d): 沙漠中的一桶水 A bucket of water in the dessert, vi, 64
MacLane and Birkhoff (1999): Algebra, 156
McNaughton and Ying (1999): Reading & Writing Chinese. . . , 7
蘇錦梅 (1999): 乞丐王子 (qǐ gài wáng zǐ) — The Prince and the Pauper, 42, 44, 51, 72
(2007b)動物說話 (dòng wù shūo hùa) The animal is speaking 1, 3
(2007c)動物說話 (dòng wù shūo hùa) The animal is speaking 2, 3
(2007a)車車說話 (chē chē de shūo hùa) The car is speaking, 3
(2007d)生活說話 (shēng húo shūo hùa) The life is speaking 1, 3
(2007e)生活說話 (shēng húo shūo hùa) The life is speaking 2, 3
(2007f)有聲世界 (yǒu shēng s̀hi jiè) The vocal world, 3
張晉霖 (2005d): 奇怪的客人 (qı́ gùai de kè rén) — The Strange Visitor, 60, 85, 86
郭桂玲: 一起想辦法 (yī qǐ xiǎng bàn fǎ) — Together Think of a Way, 71, 94
劉嘉裕 (1999b): 醜小鴨 (chǒu xiǎo yā) — The Ugly Duckling, 35, 55, 70, 87–89, 94
Allen (2008): The Unicode Standard 5.1.0, 7
腸子 (2006): 小狼的禮物 (xiǎo láng de lǐ wù) Little Wolf’s gift, 47, 61, 74
葉德明 (2000): Far East Pinyin Chinese-English Dictionary: 遠東拼音漢英辭典, 19

170 2009 May 6
CHINESE CHARACTER INDEX
() , 50–52 七 (qī ) 7, 115, 117, 119 不勝 (bù shēng) too, 128

() (complimentary verb), 41 七月 (q̄i yùe) July , 68 不可 (bù kě) not permissible, 42
() (initial verb), 41 三 (sān) 3, 69, 117, 118 不可 (bù kě) not permitted, 42
. . . () , 72, 75 三 (sān) three, 124 不是 (bú shı̀) (either), 51
一 (ýi) one, 77, 108 三 (sān ) three, 67 不時 (bù śhi) from time to time,
一 (ȳi ) one, 67 三 (sān) 3, 115–117, 119 71
一 (ȳi) one, 78, 90 三月 (sān yùe) March , 68 不會 (bú hùi) unable, 134
一 (ỳi) one, 64, 79 三角 (sān jiǎo) triangle, 154 不眠 (bù mián) sleepless, 134
一 (yı́) one, 70, 99 上 (shàng) above, 2 不知 (bù zhī) wonder if, 127
一 (yī) 1, 117, 118 上 (shàng) on top of, 7, 62 不禁 (bù jin̄) cannot refrain, 57
一 (yī) one, 63, 74, 90, 124 上 (shàng) up, 66, 67, 79 不管 (bù guǎn) no matter, 134
一 (yī ) 1, 115–117, 119 上班 (sh‘ang bān) to be at work, 不要 (bú yào) don’t, 85
一 (yı̀) one, 94 50 世 (shı̀) generation, 148
一下 (ýi xià) in a short while, 7 下 (xià) below, 2 並 (biǹg) entirely, 43, 44
一會兒 (yī hǔi) in a little while, 下 (xià) down, 66, 67 中央 (zhōng yāng) middle, 64
66, 82 下 (xià) to form an opinion, 101 中文 (zhōng wén) Chinese Lan-
一月 (ȳi yùe) January , 68 下午 (xià wǔ) after noon, 110 guage, 1
一條 (yı́ tiào) a, 124 不 (bú) not, 38, 40–42, 45, 46, 77, 丰 (fēng) good-looking, 147
一次 (yı́ cı̀) once, 42, 124 82, 86, 112, 133 主意 (zhǔ ỳi) idea, 61
一起 (ỳi q̌i) together, 62 不 (bù) not, 38–41, 43, 44, 54, 56, 久 (jǐu) duration of time, 71
一路 (ýi lù) all the way, 134 57, 59–62, 84, 85, 90, 93, 95, 100, 久 (jiǔ) duration, 60
一身 (ỳi shēn) whole body, 96 101, 108, 128 之 (zhī) of, 131
一陣 (ýi zhèn) a burst, 71 不休 (bù xiū) endlessly, 134 之 (zhī) to arrive at, 149
一隻 (yı̀ zhī) a, 73, 75 不但 (bú dàn) not only, 49, 52 乒 (pin̄g) (onomatopoeia), 5
丁 (Din̄g) , 138 不但 (bù dàn) not only, 52 乘 (chéng ) multiply, 154
七 (qī) seven, 88, 124 不僅 (bù jǐn) not only, 52 乘 (chéng) ride, 127
171
Chinese Character Index Daniel J. Greenhoe (柯晨光)
乘法 (chéng fǎ) multiplication, 什麼 (shé me) what, 46, 83, 85, 何等 (hé děng) how, 130, 131
154 107, 124 余 (Yú) I, 139
九 (jĭu) 9, 115–117, 119 仁 (rén) benevolence;kindness, 作 (zùo) to do, 34, 47
九 (jiǔ) nine, 124 143 你 (ňi) you, 29, 52, 86, 132–135
九月 (jǐu yùe) September, 68 仁慈 (rén cı́) kindness, 97 你 (nǐ) you, 28, 35, 36, 39, 40, 45,
乞丐 (qǐ gài) beggar, 72 仇 (Chóu) enemy, 139 81–84, 86, 87, 89, 93, 100, 107, 109,
也 (yě) also, 59, 60, 96, 134 今 (jin̄) now, 130 132, 133
乾淨 (gān jiǹg) clean, 59 今 (jin̄) the present, 65, 66 你們 (nǐ mén) you, 28
亂 (lùan) disorder, 100 今夕 (jin̄ xı̀) today, 127 你心 (ňi xin̄) your heart, 134
亂話 (lùan hùa) indiscriminate 今天 (jin̄ tiān) today, 69 你的 (nǐ de) your, 28, 93
talk, 88 今幣 (jin̄ bı̀) gold, 52 佰 (bǎi) hundred, 132
了 (le) , 39, 40, 44, 52, 72, 75, 85, 介 (jiè) upright, 142 佳 (jiā) beautiful, 145
94, 109, 124 介意 (jiè yı̀) to take offense, 85, 86 佳 (jiā) excellent, 147
了 (le) (a change of state, 71 介紹 (jiè shào) introduce, 83 佼 (jiǎo) charming, 142
了 (le) (a change of state), 77 仍然 (réng rán) still, 48 使 (shǐ) to make, 130
了 (le) (change of state), 6, 7 他 (tā) he, 7, 28, 40, 73, 76, 77, 83, 來 (lái) come, 100, 101
了 (le) (indicates a change of 87, 96, 99, 122, 124, 125 來 (lái) to come, 36, 49, 54, 61
state), 82 他 (tā) him, 43 侯 (Hóu) marquis, 138
了 (liǎo) to understand, 54, 95 他們 (tā mén) their, 28 便 (biàn) thereupon, 48
了 (liǎo) understand, 56 他們 (tā mén) them, 28, 52 便宜 (pián yı́) petty gain, 98, 99
事 (shı̀) affairs, 129 他們 (tā mén) they, 36, 85 保 (bǎo) to guard, 141
事 (shı̀) matters, 99 他們 (tā men) they, 49, 62 保 (bǎo) to protect, 2
事情 (s̀hi qińg) a matter, 31 他的 (tā de) his, 28, 42 保護 (bǎo hù) to protect, 134
二 (èr ) two, 67 仙 (xiān) celestial being, 3 俠 (xiá) chivalry, 144
二 (er̀) 2, 69 代 (dài) substitute, 27, 112, 113, 信 (xiǹ) letter, 30
二 (er̀) two, 124 151, 153 信 (xiǹ) to believe, 131
二 (er̀ ) 2, 115–117, 119 令 (liǹg) excellent, 143 倆 (liǎng) craft;ability, 145
二 (liăng) 2, 117, 118 件 (jiàn) document, 31 個 (ge) (quantifier), 16, 31
二月 (er̀ yùe) February , 68 任 (Rén) , 138 個 (ge) a, 66, 67, 108, 110
五 (lı̀u) 6, 116 份 (fèn) portion, 31 個 (ge) one that, 56, 57
五 (sı̀ ) 4, 116 伊 (Yī) he;she, 141 個性 (gè xiǹg) personality, 91
五 (wŭ ) 5, 115–117, 119 伍 (wǔ) army, 132 借 (jiè) to borrow, 86
五 (wǔ ) five, 67 休息 (xiū x́i) rest, 108 值 (zhı́) value, 153
五 (wǔ) five, 124 伯 (bó) a count (nobility), 141 假意 (jǐa yı̀) insincerity, 98
五月 (wǔ yùe) May , 68 伸出 (shēn chū) to stick out, 36, 偏 (piān) slanting, 153
井 (jiňg) a well, 142 49 偏序 (piān xù) partial order, 156
井 (jiňg) well, 32 但願 (dàn yùan) if only, 129 做 (zùo) do, 107
交通 (jiāo tōng) traffic, 96 低 (dī) hang down, 128 做 (zùo) to do, 61, 77
享受 (xiǎng shòu) to enjoy, 110 住 (zhù) to cease, 89 停 (tińg) stop, 57
亮 (liàng) bright, 6, 143 佐 (zǔo) to assist, 147 偷懶 (tōu lǎn) to slack, 105
人 (rén) people, 128, 129 佔 (zhàn) to seize, 98, 99 偷走 (tōu zǒu) to steal, 73
人 (rén) person, 2, 47 何 (Hé) , 138 傀 (gūi) great;wonderful, 142
人家 (rén jiā) household, 31 何事 (hé shı̀) why, 128 傅 (Fù) a teacher, 138
人群 (rén qún) crowd, 99, 133 何似 (hé sı̀) similiar to, 128 傑 (jié) remarkable, 142
人間 (rén jiān) world of man, 128 何年 (hé nián) what year, 127 備 (bèi) completeness, 141

172 2009 May 6
Daniel J. Greenhoe (柯晨光) Chinese Character Index
催 (Cūi) high and steep, 138 凱 (kǎi) triumphant strains, 148 動 (dòng) to move, 99, 112
傳遞 (chúan dı̀) transitive, 157 出 (chū) to exit, 36, 61, 96 動詞 (dòng cı́) verb, 34, 113
傷心 (shāng xin̄) heartbroken, 92 出來 (chū lái) to come out, 76 勤 (qiń) diligent;industrious, 143
像 (xiàng) to resemble, 44 出去 (chū qù) to get out, 87 勤勞 (qı́n láo) diligent, 97
億 (yı̀) 108 , 118, 119 出現 (chū xiàn) to appear, 73 勤勞 (qiń láo) diligent, 105
儘早 (jiň zǎo) as soon as possible, 出走 (chū zǒu) to leave, 73 勤奮 (qiń fèn) diligent, 105
70 函數 (hán shù) function, 153, 154 勳 (xūn) merits;honors, 144
儘早 (jiň zǎo) as sooon as possi- 分析 (fēn xī) analyze, 151–153 包 (Bāo) to wrap, 139
ble, 87 分號 (fēn hào) semicolon, 114 匠 (jiàng) craftsman, 145
優 (yōu) excellent;abundant, 144 初 (chū) first, 131 匡 (Kuāng) to correct, 140
儼 (yǎn) majestic;respectable, 144 別 (bié) don’t, 85 匹 (p̄i) equal to, 32
元 (Yúan) first, 148 別人 (bié rén) other people, 99 十 (śhi) 10, 69
充滿 (chōng mǎn) full, 134 別時 (bı́e shı́) time to leave, 128 十 (sh́i) 10, 115, 116, 119
先生 (xiān shēng) mister, 122, 123 刮 (gūa) to scrape, 71 十 (shı́) 10, 116–118
克 (kè) to overcome, 143 到 (dào) to arrive, 78 十 (shı́) ten, 124
兔 (tù) rabbit, 59 到 (dào) to reach, 41, 60, 77 十一月 (śhi ȳi yùe) November ,
兔子 (tù zi) rabbit, 62, 76, 95 到處 (dào chù) everywhere, 123 68
內積 (nèi jī) inner-product, 155 到達 (dào dá) to arrive at, 135 十二月 (śhi èr yùe) December , 68
全 (qúan) completely, 129 刷 (shūa) scrub, 58 十月 (śhi yùe) October , 68
全 (qúan) entire, 55, 95 刻 (kè) quarter hour, 77 千 (qiān) 1000, 117–119
全力 (quán lı̀) to use all one’s 則 (zé) as for him, 29 千里 (qiān lǐ) long distance, 129
strength, 109 剋 (kè) to overcome, 145 午 (wǔ) noon, 108, 110
八 (bā) eight, 16, 72, 88, 124 前 (qián) before, 130 協 (xié) to agree;to help, 144
八 (bā ) 8, 115–117, 119 前 (qián) front, 112 協力 (xié lı̀) to unite efforts, 106
八月 (bā yùe) August , 68 前天 (qián tiān) day before yes- 南 (Nán) south, 140
公司 (gōng s̄i) company, 31 terday, 66 博 (bó) extensive;abundant, 142
公雞 (gōng jī) rooster, 6, 60, 63, 74 剛 (gāng) exactly, 101 卜 (Bǔ) to divine, 139
六 (lı̀u ) six, 67 剛好 (gāng hǎo) perfect, 101 卲 (shào) to encourage; graceful,
六 (lı̀u) 6, 115–117, 119 剛才 (gāng cái) a moment ago, 66 147
六 (liù) six, 69, 124 副詞 (fù cı́) adverb, 111 卻 (qùe) but, 43, 44
六 (qī ) 7, 116 劇 (jù) a play, 47 厭惡 (yàn wù) to abhor, 94
六月 (lı̀u yùe) June , 68 劉 (Liú) to kill, 138 去 (qù) go, 40
共 (gòng) altogether, 154 力 (lı̀) power, 109 去 (qù) to go, 2, 42, 50, 54
共 (gòng) share, 129 力 (lı̀) strength, 95, 143 去年 (qù nián) last year, 67
其實 (qı́ shı́) in fact, 48 功 (gōng) merit;achievement, 去過 (qù gùo) went, 40
再 (zài) further, 60 142 又 (yòu) again, 50, 51, 124
再見 (zài jiàn) good bye, 81 加 (jīa ) add, 154 又 (yòu) but, 127
冠詞 (gùan cı́) article, 112 加法 (jīa fǎ) addition , 154 反 (fǎn) contrary, 158
冬天 (dōng tiān) winter, 55 助 (zhù) to help, 145 反應 (fǎn yiǹg) response, 88
冰 (bin̄g) ice, 149 努力 (nǔ lı̀) to strive, 78, 106 反而 (fǎn eŕ) instead, 43
冷 (lěng) cold, 51 勁 (jiǹ) vigor, 142 叔叔 (shú shu) uncle, 57, 58
冷汗 (lěng hàn) cold sweat, 96 勁 (jiǹg) powerful, 145 受 (shòu) to receive, 56
凍 (dòng) to freeze, 55 勇 (yǒng) courageous;fearless, 受傷 (shòu shāng) injured, 77
凡 (fán) all, 99 144 口 (kǒu) mouth, 2, 32, 44, 94, 126
凱 (kǎi) peace, 142 勇敢 (yǒng gǎn) bravery, 97 古 (Gǔ) ancient, 140

古 (gǔ) ancient, 129 周 (Zhōu) , 150 問號 (wèn hào) question mark,

句子 (jù zi) sentence, 113 周 (Zhōu) Zhou Dynasty, 139 114
句號 (jù hào) period (.), 114 呱 (gūa) (onomatopoeia), 4 問題 (wèn tı́) problem, 85
叩 (kòu) to knock, 4, 7 呱呱 (gū gū) baby’s cry, 122, 123 問題 (wèn tı́) question, 44
只要 (zhǐ yào) provided that, 48 呵 (hē) (a sound), 57 啦 (la) (onomatopoeia), 5
叫 (jiào) called, 83 呵欠 (hē qiàn) to yawn, 108 啪 (pā) (onomatopoeia), 5
叫 (jiào) to call, 6, 56, 63, 74 呼 (hū) to exhale, 4, 7, 70, 92 啾 (jiū) chirping sound, 4
叫 (jiào) to crow, 6, 60 呼喊 (hū hǎn) to call out, 132 善 (shàn) good;virtuous, 143
叭 (bā) trumpet, 3 和 (hé) and, 126 喊叫 (hǎn jiào) to shout, 88
叮 (din̄g) to sting, 4 和 (hé) harmony, 142 喔 (ō) (onomatopoeia), 5
叮嚀 (din̄g nińg) to repeatedly 和 (hàn) and, 48, 110, 135 喔 (o) (a sound), 133
urge, 89 和平 (hé pińg) peace, 97 喜 (xǐ) a joyful thing, 147
可 (Kě) to be able to, 141 咕 (gū) to murmur, 4, 6 喜歡 (x̌i hūan) like, 14
可 (kě) to permit, 43 咕嚕 (gū lū) “gur- 喜歡 (x̌i hūan) to like, 62
可以 (kě y̌i) can, 110 gle—hyperpage, 6, 56 喜歡 (xǐ hūan) like, 35, 39
可是 (kě s̀hi) but, 59, 60 咚 (dōng) (onomatopoeia), 4 喜歡 (xǐ hūan) to like, 94
可疑 (kě ýi) suspicious, 132 咩 (miē) (onomatopoeia), 5 喝 (hē) drank, 59
台 (tái) platform, 33 咬 (yǎo) bite, 125 喝 (hē) drink, 35
史 (Shǐ) history, 139 咬了 (yǎo le) bit, 124 喝了 (hē le) drank, 53
右手 (yòu hand) right, 125 咻 (xiū) din, 5 單 (Shàn) , 140
吃 (c̄hi) to eat, 76 咿 (yī) (sound), 122, 123 喵 (miāo) “meow—hyperpage, 5
吃 (chī) eat, 35, 39, 45 哇 (wā) (a particle), 5 喻 (Yù) parable;to explain, 141
吃力 (c̄hi lı̀) exhausting, 63, 74 哇 (wa) wow, 60 嗎 (ma) , 83
吃過 (chī gùo) eaten, 39 哈 (hā) to breathe on, 4 嗎 (ma) (?), 45–47, 82, 86, 89, 93
各 (gè) each, 16 哈啾 (hā jiū) achoo, 6 嗎 (ma) (question), 100
合 (hé) together, 128 哈欠 (hā qiàn) to yawn, 108 嗒 (tà) dejected, 5
同心 (tóng xin̄) with one heart, 哎 (āi) (onomatopoeia), 3 嗚 (wū) (onomatopoeia), 5
106 哞 (móu) (onomatopoeia), 5 嗡 (wēng) (onomatopoeia), 5
名字 (mińg zı̀) a name, 83 哥哥 (gē ge) elder brother, 77 嗤 (c̄hi) to sneer, 4
名詞 (mińg cı́) noun, 27, 112, 113 哪個 (nǎ ge) which, 125 嗨 (hāi) “hi”, 4
向 (Xiàng) to face, 140 哪個 (něi ge) which, 46 嗶 (bı̀) (onomatopoeia), 4
君 (jūn) monarch, 148, 150 哪裡 (nǎ lǐ) where, 46 嗷 (aó) cry of hunger, 3
否定 (fǒu diǹg) to negate, 38 哭 (kū) to cry, 2 嘆氣 (tàn qı̀) to sigh, 94
吧 (bā) (a particle), 4 哲 (zhé) a thinker;wise, 144 嘎 (gā) (onomatopoeia), 4
吧 (ba) , 87 唉 (āi) alas, 94 嘟 (dū) (onomatopoeia), 4
吧 (ba) (for suggestions), 16 唐 (Táng) the Tang Dynasty, 139 嘩 (hūa) (onomatopoeia), 4
吳 (Wú) , 139, 150 唧 (jī) pump, 4 嘰 (jī) to talk indistinctly, 4
吵架 (chǎo jià) to quarrel, 88 唱歌 (chàng gē) to sing, 88 嘴 (zǔi) mouth, 88
吼 (hǒu) to roar, 4 唷 (yō) , 5 嘴巴 (zǔi bā) mouth, 89
呀 (a) , 60 商人 (shāng rén ) businessman, 嘶 (s̄i) (onomatopoeia), 5
呀 (yā) (sound), 122, 123 107 噗 (pū) (onomatopoeia), 5
呂 (Lv̌) , 138 啊 (ā) (onomatopoeia), 3 噹 (dāng) (onomatopoeia), 4
呢 (ne) , 52, 82 問 (wèn) ask, 127 嚄 (hùo) (onomatopoeia), 4
呢 (ne) (a sound), 29 問 (wèn) to ask, 53 嚇 (xià) scared, 76, 95, 96
呦 (yōu) (sound), 122, 123 問 (wèn) to request, 86 嚇 (xià) to scare, 55, 56, 95, 96

174 2009 May 6
嚕 (lū) verbose, 5, 7 多 (dūo) many, 61, 132, 134 姚 (Yáo) handsome, 139
嚴 (Yán) stern;strict, 139 多 (dūo) much, 71 姜 (Jiāng) ginger, 138
嚴 (yán) beautiful, 144 多少 (dūo shǎo) so many, 134 姬 (jī) beautiful lady, 145
囉 (lūo) to chatter, 5 夢 (mèng) dream, 147 威 (wēi) dignity;authority;awe,
四 (sı̀) 4, 117, 118 大 (dà) big, 37, 66, 106 144
四 (sı̀) four, 124 大象 (dà xiàng) elephant, 33, 34 娟 (jūan) graceful, 146
四 (sı̀ ) 4, 115–117, 119 大門 (dà mén) front door, 50 娥 (é) good;beautiful, 145
四 (sı̀ ) four, 67 天 (tiān) day, 63, 74 婀 (ē) graceful;elegant, 145
四 (wŭ ) 5, 116 天 (tiān) sky, 6, 67, 73 婉 (wǎn) amiable;pleasant, 146
四月 (sı̀ yùe) April , 68 天 (tiān) the sky, 65, 66 媽 (mā) mother, 14, 16
回家 (húi jiā) to return home, 50 天上 (tiān shàng) heaven, 127 媽媽 (mā mā) mother, 53
回頭 (húi tóu) to turn one’s head, 太 (Tài) very big, 140 媽媽 (mā ma) Mom, 110
78 太 (tài) extremely, 82 媽媽 (mā ma) mother, 50
因為 (yin̄ wèi) because, 124 失去 (s̄hi qù) to lose, 99 嫉妒 (jı́ dù) jealous, 92, 103
因素 (ȳin sù) a cause, 132 失喪 (shī sàng) lost, 130 嫌 (xián) to detest, 92
困惑 (kùn hùo) bewildered, 134 奇異 (qı́ yı̀) unusual, 130 嫣 (yān) captivating; fascinating,
固 (gù) stable;sturdy, 142 奉 (fèng) to receive with respect, 146
國 (Gúo) country, 148 142 嫻 (xián) refined;gracious, 146
國王 (gúo wáng) king, 52, 54 奕 (yı̀) great;grand;abundant, 嬋 (chán) graceful;ladylike, 145
國語 (gúo yǔ) Chinese, 89, 90 144 嬋娟 (chán jūan) lovely, 129
園 (yúan) garden, 122 奧 (aò) mysterious;profound, 141 嬌 (jiāo) delicate, 145
圓 (yúan) round, 128, 129 奮 (fèn) to rise in force, 142 嬝 (niǎo) delicate;graceful, 146
圖論 (tú lùn) graph theory, 152 奮戰 (fèn zhàn) to put up a good 子 (ži) son, 2
土 (tǔ) soil, 106 fight, 78, 79 子 (zi) son, 7
在 (zài) at, 7, 54, 64, 122, 123, 128, 女 (nv̌) woman, 2 子句 (zǐ jù) clause, 47
133 她 (tā) her, 61 孔 (Kǒng) hole, 138
在 (zài) to exist, 65 她 (tā) she, 28, 41, 74, 78, 94 字彙 (zı̀ hùi) vocabulary, 113
圭 (gūi) (a jade tablet), 142 她們 (tā mén) them, 28 字母 (zı̀ mǔ) alphabet, 113
地 (dı̀) earth, 88, 122, 123 她的 (tā de) her, 28 孝 (xiào) dutiful, 149
垮 (kǔa) to collapse, 109 好 (hǎo) good, 3, 38, 61, 81, 82, 85, 孟 (Mèng) eldest child, 138
城堡 (chéng bǎo) castle, 42 93, 145 孟 (mèng) first month of a sea-
埕 (Chéng) , 138 好 (hǎo) very, 60 son, 149
域 (yù) frontier, 144 好事 (hǎo s̀hi) good deeds, 61 季 (Jı̀) season, 140
堅 (jiān) strong and durable, 142 好像 (hǎo xiàng) to seem, 6 孫 (Sūn) grandchild;descendent,
報紙 (bào žhi) newspaper, 31 好奇 (hào qı́) curious, 97 139
報紙 (bào zhǐ) newspaper, 45 好好 (hǎo hǎo) all out, 52 學 (xúe) study, 59, 152–154
塊 (kuài) chunk, 32, 122, 123 好好 (hǎo hǎo) very good, 110 學生 (xúe shēng) student , 107
塞 (sài) to compete, 143 如 (rú) as, 64 學習 (xúe xı́) to learn, 1
增 (zēng) to increase, 144 如果 (rú gǔo) if, 48 它 (tā) it, 28
壞 (hùai) bad, 61 如此 (rú cǐ) ’twas, 130 它們 (tā mén) them, 28
壞 (huài) bad, 47 妃 (fēi) concubine, 148 它的 (tā de) it’s, 28
士 (shı̀) scholar, 143 妍 (yán) beautiful, 147 宇 (yǔ) roof, 150
夏 (Xià) summer, 139 妙 (miào) wonderful; intriguing; 守 (shǒu) to protect, 143
夏 (xià) summer, 147 ingenious, 146 安 (an̄) peaceful, 147, 150
外 (wài) outside, 7 妮 (nı́) maid, 150 安寧 (an̄ nińg) tranquility, 110

安慰 (an̄ wèi) comfort, 130 尤 (Yóu) to feel bitter, 141 康 (kāng) healthy, 143
宋 (Sòng) , 139 就 (jiù) just, 7, 56, 72, 76, 96 廕 (yı̀n) to shelter, 144
宏 (hóng) magnificent, 142 就是 (jiù shı̀) (or), 51 廖 (Liào) , 138
宏亮 (hóng liàng) magnificent 就是 (jiù shı̀) no other than, 51 廢話 (fèi hùa) garbage talk, 88
and clear, 60 就算 (jiù sùan) even if, 134 廷 (tińg) monarch’s court, 149
宗 (Zōng) ancestor, 141 尷尬 (gān gà) embarrased, 92 建立 (jiàn lı̀) to build up, 61
官 (Gūan) government official, 尹 (Yiň) to govern, 139 弄 (nòng) make, 128
140 尾 (Wěi) tail, 140 式 (sh̀i) form, 114
定 (diǹg) to fix, 101, 112 尾 (wěi) tail, 33 引號 (yǐn hào) quotation marks,
宛 (Wǎn) crooked, 140 居然 (jū rán) unexpectedly, 48 114
宜 (Yı́) right;fitting, 141 屋子 (wū zi) house, 38 張 (Zhāng) to spread, 139
客 (kè) guest, 143 山 (shān) mountain, 2, 143 張 (zhāng) to spread, 33
客氣 (kè qı̀) polite, 86 山羊 (shān yáng) goat, 57 張望 (zhāng wàng) to look
宣 (Xūan) to announce, 141 屹 (yı̀) to rise high, 144 around, 34, 36
宮闕 (gōng qūe) imperial palace, 岸 (aǹ) shore, 79 形容 (xı́ng róng) describe, 111
127 峽 (xiá) a gorge, 144 形容 (xı́ng róng) to describe, 36
宰 (Zǎi) to preside, 141 崢 (zhēng) lofty;outstanding, 144 形象 (xińg xiàng) image, 61
害怕 (hài pà) afraid, 92, 102 嵐 (lán) mountain vapor, 146 彬彬 (bin̄ bin̄) Bin-Bin, 6
家 (jiā) home, 36, 49, 73, 78 嵩 (sōng) mountain song, 143 彭 (Péng) , 138
家 (jiā) household, 31 嶄 (zhǎn) towering, 144 影子 (yiňg zi) shadow, 58
寇 (Kòu) bandits, 140 嶙 (liń) rugged, 143 彼此 (bǐ či) each other, 85
富 (fù) wealthy, 142 嶽 (yùe) a high mountain, 144 待 (dài) to wait for, 66, 82
寒 (hán) cold, 128 巖 (yán) a rock, 144 很 (hěn) early, 55, 70
實 (shı́) real, 153 川 (chūan) river, 142 很 (hěn) very, 82, 84, 108, 132–134
實在 (shı́ zài) really, 56 工人 (gōng rén ) worker , 107 後 (hòu) behind, 70
寧 (nińg) peace;serenity, 146 工作 (gōng zùo) work, 105, 107 後天 (hòu tiān) day after tomor-
寬 (kūan ) wide, 37 工程 (gōng chéng) engineering, row, 66
寶貴 (bǎo gùi) precious, 131 107 徐 (Xú) slowly;gently;calmly, 139
封 (fēng) to seal, 30 巫 (Wū) witch;wizard, 140 得 (dé) obtain, 130
將 (jiāng) will, 135 已 (yǐ) already, 130 得 (dé) to get, 41, 54, 95
尋回 (xún húi) found, 130 師 (sh̄i) instructor, 107 得 (dé) to obtain, 130
對 (dùi) as regards, 51 常 (Cháng) common;normal, 138 得 (dé) to the extent that, 132
對 (dùi) correct, 77 常 (cháng) ordinary, 152 得 (de) (to the extent of), 54, 95
對 (dùi) facing, 84, 100, 101 帽子 (mào zi) hat, 73 得 (de) (to the extent that), 54, 55,
對 (dùi) for, 134 平常 (pińg cháng) usual, 51 60, 76, 95, 96
對稱 (dùi chèn) symmetric, 158 年 (Nián) year, 140 得 (de) to the extent, 56
小 (Xiǎo) little, 150 年 (nián) a year, 66 得 (de) to the extent of, 6, 56
小 (xǐao) small, 37 幸 (xiǹg) well-being, 147 得 (de) to the extent that, 55, 56,
小 (xiv̀ao) little, 57 幸運 (xiǹg yùn) fortunate, 44 70, 106
小 (xiǎo) little, 38, 50, 59, 61 幾 (jǐ) how many, 69, 83 得意 (dé yı̀) full of oneself, 98
小 (xiǎo) small, 98, 134 幾乎 (jī hū) almost, 37, 38 從 (cóng) from, 36, 49
小指 (xiǎo zhǐ) little finger, 125 幾何 (jǐ hé) geometry, 152 從來 (cóng lái) always, 74
小貓 (xiǎo māo) kitten, 51 幾時 (jǐ shı́) when, 127 從此 (cóng cǐ) from now on, 70
小鴨 (xiǎo yā) duckling, 34, 55, 床 (chúang) bed, 33 微 (wéi) tiny, 152
122 康 (Kāng) health, 138

176 2009 May 6
微分 (wéi fēn) differential, 152, 想 (xiǎng) think, 100 所有 (sǔo yǒu) possess, 135
153 想 (xiǎng) to think, 99, 100 所有 (sǔo yǒu) to possess, 112
德 (dé) virtue, 142 想 (xiǎng) would like to, 52 手 (shǒu) hand, 29
心 (xin̄) heart, 98, 130, 146 愈 (yù) more, 62, 63 手指 (shǒu zhǐ) finger, 124, 125
心地 (xin̄ dı̀) moral character, 91 愈 (yù) more and more, 74 才 (cái) gifted person, 147
心情 (xīn qińg) mood, 93 愉 (yú) happy;contented, 147 才 (cái) just, 85
心窩 (xin̄ wō) heart of hearts, 133 愉 (yú) happy;joyful, 147 才 (cái) only then, 76, 77
忙 (máng) busy, 106 愛 (ài) love, 14, 98, 134 打 (dǎ) beat, 51, 81
忠 (zhōng) faithful;devoted, 145 愛 (aı̀) love, 35, 134 打 (dǎ) hit, 41
忠厚 (zhōng hòu) honest and 愛 (aı̀) to love, 145 打 (dǎ) to beat, 109
kind, 97 感冒 (gǎn mào) to catch a cold, 6 打 (dǎ) to hit, 108
忠誠 (zhōng chéng) faithfulness, 感謝 (gǎn xiè) to thank, 52 打呼 (dǎ hū) snore, 108
97 慈 (cı́) kind;loving, 145 打開 (dǎ kāi) to open, 50
快 (kuài) almost, 60 慌亂 (huāng luàn) in a flurry, 70 扶 (fú) to support, 142
快樂 (kùai lè) happiness, 135 慎 (shèn) cautious;prudent, 143 找到 (zhǎo dào) to find, 43
快樂 (kùai lè) happy, 74 慕 (mù) to long for;to adore, 143 把 (bǎ) , 7, 42, 53, 87, 124
快樂 (kuài lè) happy, 91, 93, 102 慧 (hùi) wisdom, 150 把 (bǎ) handle, 16, 30
念 (niàn) to miss;to long for, 146 慧 (hùi) wise, 145 把酒 (bǎ jiǔ) hold a wine glass,
忽然 (hū rán) suddenly, 71 慷 (kāng) unselfish, 143 127
怎麼 (zě me) how, 59, 60, 93 懂 (dǒng) to understand, 145 抓 (zhūa) grabbed, 41
怎麼 (zěn me) how, 46 懇 (kěn) sincere, 145 抖 (dǒu) to tremble, 57
思 (s̄i) think, 100 應有 (yin̄g yǒu) deserved, 128 抱歉 (bào qiàn) apologize, 85
思 (sī) to think, 147 應該 (yin̄g gāi) should, 61 拉 (lā) to pull, 133
怡 (yı́) harmony; jubilation, 146 懶惰 (lǎn dùo) lazy, 105 拓 (tùo) open, 154
急 (jı́) urgent, 70 戀 (liàn) to be in love, 146 拓撲 (tùo pù) topology, 156
急忙 (jı́ máng) hurriedly, 36, 70 戈 (Gē) spear;lance, 140 拔 (bá) to pull out, 56, 96
怦 (pēng) eager, 143 成 (Chéng) completed;accomplished, 拔 (bá) to uproot, 16
性 (xiı̀ng) property, 157, 158 139 拖 (tūo) to drag, 77
恐 (kǒng) dread, 127 我 (wǒ) I, 14, 28, 35, 36, 39, 42, 43, 拘束 (jū shù) awkward, 133
恨 (hèn) hate, 128 52, 56, 61, 73, 75, 82, 83, 85, 90, 93, 招呼 (zhāo hū) call, 81
恩 (en̄) grace;kindness, 147 100, 107, 124, 125, 127, 130, 133– 拯 (zhěng) to save;to deliver, 145
恩典 (en̄ diǎn) grace, 130 135 拼命 (pin̄ miǹg) do desparately,
恩惠 (en̄ húi) mercy;grace, 131 我 (wǒ) me, 100, 101 58, 59
恬 (tián) quiet;undisturbed, 146 我 (wǒ) my, 130, 133 拼音 (pin̄ yin̄) pinyin, 15
悉 (xī) to know, 144 我們 (wǒ mén) we, 28 拿 (ná) to take, 76
悟 (wù) to become aware of;to re- 我們 (wǒ men) we, 47 捉了 (zhūo le) caught, 124
alize, 144 我愛 (wǒ ài) my love, 132 捉弄 (zhūo nòng) to play a joke
悠閑 (yōu xián) leisurely, 54 我才 (wǒ cái) I myself, 29 on, 61
悠閒 (yōu xián) leisurely, 105 我的 (wǒ de) my, 14, 28, 73, 124, 捍 (hàn) to defend, 142
悲 (bēi) sadness, 128 132, 133 捷 (jié) swift, 142
悲傷 (bēi sh=ang) sorrow, 93 戰 (Zhàn) war, 141 探望 (tàn wàng) to look about,
情 (qińg) feelings; love, 146 戴 (Dài) to wear, 138 34, 36, 49
情 (qińg) sentiment, 98 戶 (hù) door, 31, 128 推 (tūi) to push, 29
惟 (wéi) to think;to meditate, 144 房 (Fáng) house, 139 推理 (tūi lǐ) logic, 153
惡 (è) evil, 47 房子 (fáng zi) house, 31 插 (chā) to stick into, 133

揚 (Yáng) to raise, 139 昆 (kūn) elder brother, 143 曼 (màn) delicately beauti-
援 (yúan) to lead;to rescue, 144 昌 (chāng) proper;good, 142 ful;graceful, 146
摀 (wǔ) to cover, 89 明 (miı́ng) bright;brilliant, 143 曼 (màn) graceful, 149
摯 (Zhı̀) sincere, 141 明 (mińg) bright, 66, 127, 148 曾 (Zēng) (a 4th generation rela-
撲 (pū) beat, 154 明天 (mińg tiān) tomorrow, 82 tionship), 139
擁有 (yǒng yǒu) to have, 133 明年 (mińg nián) next year, 67 曾 (Zēng) 3 generation differ-
擋 (dǎng) to block, 133 易 (Yı̀) to exchange, 141 ence, 141
操作 (cāo zùo) to operate, 34 星 (xin̄g) star, 150 最後 (zùi hòu) last, 77
擔心 (dān xīn ) worried, 92, 102 星期 (xin̄g qı́) week, 66, 67, 69 會 (hùi) able, 83, 89, 90, 135
據 (Jù) proof, 141 春 (chūn) spring, 145 會兒 (hǔi) to meet together, 82
擠 (jǐ) almost, 60 昨 (zúo) yesterday, 66 月 (yùe) moon, 127, 129
擴 (kùo) to expand, 145 昭 (zhāo) clear, 148 月 (yùe) the moon, 66, 67, 147
放走 (fàng zǒu) release, 124 是 (s̀hi) are, 132, 133, 135 有 (yǒu) have, 39, 45, 47, 92, 103,
放鬆 (fàng sōng) to release, 134 是 (s̀hi) is, 77 122, 123, 127–129, 132
教授 (jı̀ao shòu ) professor , 107 是 (shı̀) is, 46, 69, 107, 125, 127 有 (yǒu) to have, 86
敢 (gǎn) to dare;bold, 145 是 (shı̀) that, 131 朗 (lǎng) bright, 149
敦 (dūn) honest;to deepen, 142 時 (śhi) time, 7, 75, 77 望 (wàng) to watch;to hope, 147
敬畏 (jiǹg wèi) to hold in awe, 時 (shı́) time, 131 朝 (zhāo) morning, 144
130 時候 (śhi hòu) time, 72, 73 木 (mù) wood/tree, 2
敲門 (qiāo mén) to knock at the 時態 (shı́ tài) tense (grammar), 木屋 (mù wū) cottage, 30
door, 7 114 未來 (wèi lái) coming, 114
數 (shú) number, 153 時間 (śhi jiān) time, 30, 65 本 (běn) root;source, 147
數學 (shù xúe) mathematics, 晉 (jı̀n) to advance, 142 本 (běn) stem, 30
151–153 晏 (Yàn) clear, 141 朱 (Zhū) bright red, 139
數論 (shù lùn) number theory, 晚安 (wǎn an̄) good night, 82 朱 (zhū) bright red, 128
153 晤 (wù) to meet;enlightened;wise, 朵 (dúo) flower, 145
文 (wén) a composition;culture, 144 朵 (dǔo) (quantifier), 30
147 晨 (chén) morning;daybreak, 142 李 (Lǐ) plum tree, 150
文法 (wén fǎ) grammar, 113 晨光 (chén guāng) early morning 李 (Lǐ) plums, 138
文法 (wén fǎ) grammar, 111 sun light, 3 杜 (Dù) to plug, 138
斐 (Fěi) elegant;beautiful, 139 景 (Jiňg) scenery, 140 杞 (qǐ) a species of willow, 143
斑馬 (bān mǎ) zebra, 32 景 (jiňg) a view, 150 杰 (jié) outstanding, 142
新 (xin̄) new;fresh, 144 晴 (qińg) clear, 129 東西 (dōng x̄i) things, 38
方 (Fāng) square, 138 晴 (qińg) fine;fair, 146 杳 (yǎo) deep and expansive, 144
方程 (fāng chéng) equation, 152, 智 (Zhı̀) capable;wisdom, 141 松鼠 (sōng shǔ) squirrel, 73
153 暉 (hūi) radiant, 142 枕頭 (zhěn tóu) pillow, 7
於 (Yú) in, 141 暗 (aǹ) dark, 38 林 (Liń) forest, 138
於是 (yú shı̀) thus, 48 暢 (chàng) smoothly;fluently, 142 林 (liń) forest, 3
施 (Shī) to carry out, 139 暢通 (chàng tōng) freely flowing, 柏 (Bó) cypress, 150
旖 (yǐ) romantic; tender, 146 134 柔 (róu) soft and tender, 146
既 (jı̀) as, 131 曇 (tán) clouds, 146 查 (Zhā) , 141
旦 (dàn) daybreak, 145 曉 (xiǎo) daybreak;dawn, 146 柯 (Kē) tall evergreen tree, 140
早 (zǎo) early, 55, 70 書 (shū) book, 30 柯 (kē) (family name), 3
旭 (xù) radiance of daybreak, 144 書桌 (shū zhūo) desk, 33 柳 (Liǔ) willow tree, 140
旺 (wàng) prosperous, 144 曹 (Cáo) (a plural particle), 138 柳條 (liǔ tiáo) willow twig, 30

178 2009 May 6
柴 (chái) firewood, 64 歡 (hūan) cheerful, 128 沒有 (méi yǒu) not have, 44, 45,
栗 (Lı̀) chestnut tree, 140 歡樂 (hūan lè) joy, 97 57, 60, 74, 85
根 (gēn) roots, 31 歡迎 (hūan yı́ng) welcome, 86 沛 (pèi) abundance, 143
根本 (gēn běn) ultimately, 42 正 (zhèng) in the process of, 73, 沮喪 (jǔ sàng) depressed, 92, 102
格 (gé) checks, 16 75 油燈 (yóu dēng) oil lamp, 33
格 (gé) style, 112 正 (zhèng) proper, 145 泉 (Qúan) spring;fountain, 140
桂 (Gùi) , 140 此 (cǐ) these, 129 泓 (hóng) deep, 142
桃子 (táo zi) peach, 76 武 (Wǔ) military, 139 法 (fǎ) the law, 113
梁 (Liáng) bridge, 138 歲 (sùi) a year of age, 83 泛函 (fàn hán) function, 152
梁 (liáng) roof beam, 149 歲 (sùi) years of age, 72 注音 (zhù yin̄) zhuyin, 17
梅 (Méi) prunes, 140 歸去 (gūi qù) go back to, 127 泱 (yāng) great;profound, 144
條 (tiáo) long strip, 33 段 (Dùan) , 148 洗 (Xiǎn) , 141
條件 (tiáo jiàn) conditions, 47 段 (Dùan) a section, 138 洗 (x̌i) wash, 59
梧 (wú) a support, 144 段 (dùan) paragraph, 30 洗 (xǐ) wash, 59
梳子 (shū zi) comb, 30 殷 (yin̄) flourishing, 144 洞 (dòng) hole, 36
梵 (fàn) clean and pure, 147 毅 (yı̀) firm;endurance;fortitude, 洪 (Hóng) a flood, 138
棟 (dòng) main beam, 30 144 洪 (hóng) flood, 148
森 (sēn) luxuriant vegetation, 母牛 (mǔ niú) cow, 64 活魚 (húo yú) live fish, 124
143, 150 比 (bǐ) to compare, 63, 74 流 (liú) to flow;mobile, 143
森 (sēn) trees, 3 毛 (Máo) hair, 138 海狸 (hǎi lı́) beaver, 75
棵 (kē) (quantifier), 32 毛巾 (máo jin̄) towel, 33 涯 (yá) water’s edge, 144
楊 (Yáng) poplar, 141, 148 民 (miń) the people, 143 淨 (jiǹg) pure, 146
楚 (Chǔ) , 139 氣 (q̀i) air, 92 深 (shēn) profound, 133
榮 (róng) glory;honor, 143 氣 (qı̀) air, 94 淳 (chún) pure;clean;simple, 145
樂 (Yùe) music, 141 氣極 (q̀i jı́) extremely angry, 92 添 (tiān) to increase, 143
樂 (lè) happy, 147 水 (Shǔi) water, 140 淼 (miǎo) extensive;vast, 143
樂 (yào) to love, 146 水 (shǔi) water, 53 清 (qin̄g) pure;virtuous, 143
樂園 (lè yúan) paradise, 135 永遠 (yǒng yǔan) always, 47 清影 (qin̄g yiňg) pure shadow,
樊 (Fán) bird cage, 139 永遠 (yǒng yǔan) forever, 71 128
樓 (lóu) building, 127, 133 求 (qiú) ball, 41 清晨 (qin̄g chén) early morning,
標點 (biāo dǐan) punctuation, 汗 (hàn) sweat, 106 68
113 江 (Jiāng) river, 138 清楚 (qin̄g chǔ) clear, 132
樣 (yàng) shape, 93 池塘 (chı́ táng) pond, 54 減 (jǐan) subtract, 154
樹 (shù) tree, 32, 73, 75 汪 (Wāng) pool of water, 139 減法 (jǐan fǎ) subtraction , 154
樹支 (shù z̄hi) branch, 31 決定 (júe diǹg) to decide, 73 渡 (dù) to cross, 142
機 (jī) alert, 99 決定 (júe diǹg) to resolve, 61 港 (gǎng) a port, 137, 150
機率 (jī lv̀) probability, 153 決心 (júe xīn) determination, 97 渴 (kě) thirsty, 44, 50, 56
櫻 (yin̄g) cherry;cherry blos- 決心 (júe xin̄) determination, 101 游 (yóu) to swim, 54
soms, 146 汽車 (q̀i chē) car, 32 渺 (miǎo) endlessly vast, 143
欣 (xin̄) glad, 146 沈 (Shěn) , 138 渾身 (hún shēn) entire body, 55
欣 (xin̄) glad;joyful, 146 沒 (méi) no, 50, 73, 95, 109 湖 (Hú) lake, 141
欲 (yù) desire, 127 沒 (méi) not, 58, 85 湛 (Zhàn) deep;profound, 141
款 (kǔan) sincerity, 145 沒 (méi) not (have), 38–40 湯 (Tāng) hot water;soup, 140
歌 (gē) song, 16 沒 (méi) not yet, 71 湯姆 (tāng mǔ) Tom, 44, 51, 72
歐洲 (oū zhōu) Europe, 40

源頭 (yúan tóu) fountainhead, 熱愛 (rè aı̀) love, 97 琬 (wǎn) (a kind of jade tablet),
135 燈 (dēng) lamp;lantern, 142 147
準時 (zhǔn śhi) on time, 70 燦 (càn) bright and brilliant, 142 琳 (liń) beautiful jade, 150
溥 (Pǔ) great;wide;vast, 140 爪 (zhǎo) claw/talon, 2 瑛 (yin̄g) glitter of jade, 146
溪 (xī) mountain stream, 144 爬 (pá) climb, 58 瑜 (yú) perfect gem, 147
溫 (Wēn) warm, 140 爬 (pá) to climb, 73, 75, 79 瑞 (rùi) auspicious, 148
滾 (gǔn) to roll, 87 爸 (bà) dad, 16 瑞 (rùi) lucky, 147
滿 (mǎn) full, 106 爸爸 (bà ba) dad, 29, 51, 110 瑤 (yáo) precious jade, 146
滿 (mǎn) full;plentiful, 143 片 (piàn) slice, 33 瑯 (láng) pure and white, 143
漂亮 (piào liàng) pretty, 100 片刻 (piàn kè) brief moment, 110 瑰 (gūi) fabulous;a kind of jasper,
漢語 (hàn yǔ) Chinese, 15 片語 (piàn yǔ) phrase, 113 145
漸漸 (jiàn jiàn) gradually, 99 牙刷 (yá shūa) toothbrush, 34 璋 (zhāng) an ancient jade orna-
潔 (jié) pure, 145 牛 (Niú) ox, 138 ment, 144
潘 (Pān) water, 138 牛 (niú) cow, 6, 33, 56 璋 (zhāng) jade tablet, 148
潤 (rùn) moist, 150 牧 (mù) to shephard, 143 瓊 (qióng) fine jade, 146
潭 (tán) deep water;profound, 狂風 (kuáng fēng) a very strong 瓊 (qióng) jade, 127
144 wind, 71 甄 (zhēn) potter’s wheel, 147
澗 (jiàn) mountain stream, 145 狄 (Dı́) , 139 甘 (Gān) delicious, 140
澳 (aò) deep waters, 141 狼 (láng) wolf, 55, 57, 58, 61, 95 甘甜 (gān tián) sweet, 130
濕 (s̄hi) wet, 51 狼 (láng) wolves, 61 甜 (tián) sweet;agreeable, 146
瀏 (liú) the appearance of a clear 猛 (Měng) bold;fierce, 141 生 (shēng) to give birth, 137, 150
stream, 145 猜想 (cāi xiǎng) to think so, 100 生氣 (shēng qı̀) angry, 85, 92, 102
瀑 (bào) sudden pouring rain, 猩猩 (xin̄g xin̄g) gorilla, 58 生活 (shēng húo) life, 72
145 猶 (Yóu) similar to, 141 田 (Tián) agricultural land, 139
火 (hǔo) fire, 142 獅子 (s̄hi zi) lion, 33 留心 (liú xin̄) to take heed, 132
灰 (hūi) grey, 106 玄 (Xúan) far and obscure, 141 畢 (Bı̀) to complete, 139
灰心 (hūi xīn) discouraged, 92, 玉 (Yù) precious stone, 141 番 (fān) a time, 78, 79
102 玉宇 (yù yǔ) splendid hall, 127 番茄 (fān qié) tomato, 32
炯 (jiǒng) brightness, 142 王 (Wáng) king, 139, 148, 149 當 (dāng) while, 75
炳 (biňg) bright;luminous, 141 王 (wàng) king, 122, 123 當面 (dāng miàn) in someone’s
為 (wèi) for, 46, 124 王子 (wáng zǐ) prince, 42, 44 presence, 52
烈 (liè) fiery, 143 玫 (méi) rose, 146 疲 (ṕi) tired, 109
烏 (Wū) crow;raven, 140 玲 (lińg) tinklings of jade, 146 疲憊 (ṕi bèi) exhausted, 109
烏鴉 (wū yā) crow, 36, 50, 53, 59 珊 (shān) tinkling of jade, 146, 瘦 (shòu) thin, 64
無 (wú) without, 109, 128 150 登 (dēng) to ascend;to climb, 142
無聊 (wú liáo) bored, 92, 102 珍 (zhēn) precious; rare, 147 發抖 (fā dǒu) to shake, 55, 95
焦 (Jiāo) scorched, 140 珠 (zhū) pearl, 147 發抖 (fā dǒu) to shiver, 55
焦急 (jiāo jı́) anxious, 53 班 (Bān) a grade, 139 發現 (fā xiàn) to discover, 50, 77
煥 (hùan) shining, 142 現 (xiàn) present, 65 發音 (fā yīn) pronunciation, 113
照 (zhào) illuminate, 128 現 (xiàn) to emerge, 144 白 (Bái) white, 138
照 (zhào) to shine upon, 147 現在 (xiàn zài) at present, 114 白 (bái) white, 59, 149
熊 (Xióng) bear, 139 現在 (xiàn zài) now, 69 百 (bǎi) 100, 117–119
熊 (xióng) bear, 79 球 (qiú) ball, 32 的 (de) , 125
熒 (yińg) candle light, 144 琅 (láng) clean and white, 143 的 (de) ’s, 6, 53, 54, 56–59, 72, 73,
熱心 (rè xīn) warmhearted, 98 理 (lǐ) reason;logic, 143 99, 125, 132

180 2009 May 6
的 (de) ’s (possesses), 53 矗 (chù) steep;lofty, 142 章魚 (zhāng yú) octopus, 38

的 (de) (’s), 7, 28, 61, 62, 64, 77 知 (zhī) know, 85 童 (Tóng) child, 140
的 (de) (adj), 46 知 (zhī) knowledge, 148 笑 (xiào) to laugh, 57, 88
的 (de) of, 110 短 (dǔan) short, 37 笑 (xiào) to smile, 2
皓 (hào) white and bright, 142 矮 (aǐ) short, 37 符號 (fú hào) symbol, 17
皙 (xī) fair,white, 144 石 (Shı́) rocks, 139 等 (děng) to wait, 78
皮 (Pı́) skin;fur, 140 石 (shı́) stone, 149 等 (děng) to wait/not until, 77
盈 (yińg) to fill, 147 石頭 (śhi tóu) stones, 134 等於 (děng yú) equal, 154
益 (yı̀) to increase, 144 砍掉 (kǎn diào) to cut down, 75 筋 (jin̄) muscle, 109
盛 (shèng) abundant;rich, 143 砰 (pēng) (onomatopoeia), 5 答 (dá) to answer, 89
盞 (zhǎn) small cup, 33 碩 (shùo) great;large, 143 筷子 (kùai zi) chopsticks, 34
盡 (jiǹ) exhaust, 109 磷 (liń) water flowing between 管 (Gǔan) tube;pipe, 140
盡 (jiǹ) exhausted, 99, 109 stones, 143 簡 (Jiǎn) brief, 140
盧 (Lú) black, 138 祈 (qı́) to pray, 143 籇 (háo) outstandingly intelli-
盪 (dàng) to swing, 62 祖 (Zǔ) grandfather;grandmother, gent, 142
盯 (din̄g) fix eyes on, 35 141 籥 (yùe) a kind of flute, 147
直到 (źhi dào) until, 73 祥 (xiáng) auspicious, 144 粒 (lı̀) granule, 32
相 (xiāng) mutually, 98 祺 (qı́) lucky, 148 精 (jin̄g) energy, 109
相 (xiàng) to examine;to help, 禁 (jin̄) to endure, 145 糊塗 (hú tú) confused, 132
147 福 (fú) good fortune;a blessing, 納 (Nà) to receive, 140
相反 (xiāng fǎn) on the contrary, 142 紙條 (žhi tiáo) slip of paper, 33
49 禧 (xǐ) happiness;blessings, 147 素 (sù) pure white silk, 146
眉 (Méi) eyebrows, 140 禮 (lǐ) courtesy, 143 累 (lèi) tired, 109
看 (kàn) see, 35, 40, 93 禮物 (lǐ wù) gift, 31 累了 (lèi le) tired, 91, 102
看 (kàn) to look at, 38, 62, 78 禮貌 (lǐ mào) manners, 84, 86 終於 (zhōng yú) finally, 79, 110
看 (kàn) to see, 34, 100, 132 禮貌 (lǐ mào) politeness, 84 絃 (xián) the string of a musical
看了 (kàn le) saw, 96 禹 (Yǔ) , 141 instrument, 146
看到 (kàn dào) hear, 40 秀 (xiù) brilliant; beautiful; 組合 (zǔ hé) combination, 152
看到 (kàn dào) see, 35, 42, 58 graceful, 146 結 (jiē) tough, 142
看著 (kàn zhe) look at, 34, 36 秋 (qiū) autumn, 149 絕對 (júe dùi) absolutely, 134
看見 (kàn jiàn) to see, 130 秦 (Qiń) Qin Dynasty, 138 絢 (xùan) bright and brilliant,
真 (zhēn) real, 42 程度 (chéng dù) extent, 132 146
真 (zhēn) really, 61 穆 (Mù) peaceful;serene, 140 給 (gěi) to give, 52
真 (zhēn) true, 131 積分 (jī fēn) integral, 152 統計 (tǒng jı̀) compile statistics,
眠 (mián) sleep, 128 積木 (jī mù) building blocks, 32 153
眼 (yǎn) eye, 98, 130 穎 (yiňg) outstand- 絲 (sī) silk, 146
眼 (yǎn) eyes, 126 ing;remarkable, 147 經理 (jīng lǐ ) manager , 107
睡 (shùi) to sleep, 39, 108–110 穩 (wěn) stable;steady, 144 經過 (jin̄g gùo) to pass through,
睡著 (shùi zháo) to sleep, 7 空間 (kōng jiān) space, 155, 156 79
睡覺 (shùi jiào) sleep, 39, 108 突然 (tú rán) suddenly, 71 綠色 (lv̀ sè) green, 46
督 (Dū) to oversee, 139 窄 (zhǎi) narrow, 37 維 (wéi) to hold fast, 144
睦 (mù) friendly;to befriend, 143 窕 (tiǎo) slender;charming, 146 綺 (qǐ) beautiful, 128
睿 (rùi) wise and clever, 143 立刻 (lı̀ kè) immediately, 56, 96 綺 (qǐ) beautiful; resplendent,
瞎 (xiā) blind, 130 站 (zhàn) to stand, 64 146
瞪著 (dèng zhe) glare at, 35 章 (Zhāng) a piece of writing, 141 綾 (lińg) very fine silk cloth, 146

緊張 (jǐn zhāng) nervous, 92 聽力 (tin̄g lı̀) listening compre- 花朵 (hūa dǔo) flower, 132, 133
緋 (fēi) scarlet;crimson, 147 hension, 88 芳 (fāng) fragrant;virtuous, 145
線性 (xı̀an xı̀ng) linear, 153 聽著 (tin̄g zhe) listen to, 88 苗 (Miáo) a sprout, 140
總是 (zǒng shı̀) always, 99 肄 (yı̀) to study;to toil, 144 苦惱 (kǔ nǎo) vexed, 91
繼 (jı̀) to carry on, 142 肅 (Sù) respectful;majestic, 140 英 (Yin̄g) a flower, 141
續 (xù) to continue;to renew, 147 肚子 (dù zi) stomach, 6, 44, 56 英語 (yin̄g yǔ) English, 83, 89
缺 (qūe) deficient, 129 肩 (jiān) to sustain, 145 茂 (mào) exuberant, 143
罪 (zùi) guilt, 130 肩膀 (jīan bǎng) shoulder, 126 范 (Fàn) , 149
置 (zh̀i) to place at, 112 背後 (bèi hòu) behind, 133 范 (Fàn) bee, 138
罵 (mà) to scold, 16, 51 胖 (pàng) fat, 60 茅 (Máo) couch grass, 141
羅 (Lúo) thin light silk, 138 胡 (Hú) to blunder, 138 茜 (qiàn) madder, 50
美 (měi) beautiful, 146 胡 (hú) reckless, 31, 100 茫 (máng) vast;boundless, 143
義 (Yı̀) justice, 141 胥 (xū) together, 149 荀 (Xún) , 141
羲 (xī) (a legendary ruler), 149 腳步 (jiǎo bù) footstep, 132 草莓 (cǎo méi) strawberry, 32
羽 (yǔ) feather;wing, 147 腳趾 (jiǎo zhǐ) toe, 126 莉 (lı̀) white jasmine, 146
翁 (Wēng) father, 140 腿 (tǔi) leg, 56 莊 (Zhūang) solemn, 141
翡 (fěi) kingfisher;emerald, 147 腿 (tǔi) legs, 96 莫 (Mò) not, 140
翼 (yı̀) wings;to help, 144 膝 (xī) knee, 126 菁 (jin̄g) the flower of the leek,
耀 (yào) to shine;to dazzle, 147 臉 (liǎn) face, 106 145
老 (lǎo) old, 63, 74, 122, 123 臨 (Liń) to look down from 菲 (fēi) fragrant, 145
老實 (lǎo shı́) honest, 97 above, 141 萌 (méng) to bud;to shoot forth,
老師 (lǎo s̄hi) teacher, 14 自 (z̀i) self, 89 143
老師 (lǎo sh̄i ) teacher , 107 自反 (zı̀ fǎn) reflexive, 157 萬 (Wàn) ten thousand, 139
老是 (lǎo s̀hi) always, 14 自問 (z̀i wèn) to ask oneself, 89 萬 (wàn) 104 , 117–119
老板 (lǎo bǎn ) boss , 107 自己 (z̀i jǐ) one’s own, 62 葉 (Yè) leaf, 139
老鼠 (lǎo shǔ) mouse, 41 臺 (Tái) a lookout;an observa- 著 (zháo) , 108
考驗 (kǎo yàn) to test, 132 tory, 140 著 (zhe) (adv. part.), 35
而且 (eŕ qǐe) but also, 52 興 (xin̄g) to rise;to thrive, 144 著 (zhe) (adv. particle), 133, 134
而且 (eŕ qiě) and, 73 興 (xiǹg) cheerful;happy, 144 著 (zhe) (adverbial particle), 6
而且 (eŕ qiě) furthermore, 43 興奮 (xin̄g fèn) excited, 92, 102 葛 (Gě) , 140
而已 (eŕ yǐ) that is all, 90 興趣 (xı̀ng qù) interest, 92, 103 董 (Dǒng) to oversee, 138
耐 (nài) to endure, 143 舊的 (jiù de) old, 45 蒙 (méng) to receive, 131
耐力 (nài lı̀) endurance, 97 舌 (shé) tongue, 88 蓊 (wěng) flourishing;lush, 147
耐心 (nài xin̄) patience, 97 舒 (Shū) to unfold, 143 蓓 (bèi) flower bud, 145
耐性 (nài xiǹg) patience, 97, 99 舞 (wǔ) to dance, 146 蓮 (lián) lotus, 146
耳 (eř) ear, 126 舞動 (wǔ dòng) to dance, 133 蔔 (bo) edible roots, 31
聊天 (liáo tiān) to chat, 87 舸 (gě) barge, 16 蔡 (Cài) a large turtle, 138
聞 (Wén) to hear, 140 良 (liáng) fine;desirable, 143 蔣 (Jiǎng) , 138, 149
聞 (wén) smell, 35 芝 (Zhī) , 141 蔭 (yı̀n) shade, 144
聲 (shēng) sound, 94 芬 (fēn) fragrance;perfume, 145 蕙 (hùi) fragrant orchid, 145
聲音 (shēng yin̄) sound, 7 芭 (bā) a fragrant plant, 145 蕭 (Xiāo) oxtail southern
聶 (Niè) , 140 花 (Hūa) flower, 140 wood;respectful, 139
聽 (tin̄g) hear, 40 花 (hūa) flower, 30 薈 (hùi) luxuriant growth, 145
聽 (tin̄g) listen, 35, 88 花園 (hūa yúan) flower garden, 薛 (Xūe) (a kind of marsh grass),
聽到 (tin̄g dào) hear, 40 33 139

182 2009 May 6
藝 (yı̀) art;skill, 144 許 (Xǔ) , 139 谷 (gǔ) valley, 142

藹 (aǐ) exuberant;amiable, 147 許多 (xǔ dūo) much, 52 豐 (fēng) abundant, 142
蘇 (Sū) , 139 詞 (cı́) word, 36, 111, 112 象 (xiàng) elephant, 56
蘭 (lán) orchid, 146 詠 (yǒng) to sing;to hum, 147 豫 (yù) comfort;to travel, 144
蘿 (lúo) creeping plant, 31 詩 (shī) poetry, 147 貓 (māo) cat, 41
虎 (hū) tiger, 82 該 (gāi) should, 85 貝 (Bèi) shells, 139
虎 (hǔ) brave, 142 詹 (Zhān) verbosity, 141 貝殼 (bèi ké) shell, 32
處 (chù) a place, 133 誇獎 (kūa jiǎng) to commend, 52 貞 (zhēn) chasity; pure, 147
處 (chù) place, 128 認真 (rèn zhēn) conscientious, 負責 (fù zé) to be in charge of, 29
虛 (xū) empty, 98 106 財 (cái) wealth, 142
號 (hào) a mark, 114 認識 (rèn shı̀) know, 84 貪婪 (tān lán) greedy, 53
號 (hào) number, 69 語 (yǔ) language, 89 貴 (gùi) high-placed, 142
蜜 (mı̀) honey, 146 語言 (yǔ yán) language, 113 貴 (gùi) valued, 148
蝴蝶 (hú dié) butterfly, 34 誠 (chéng) sincere;honest, 142 費 (Fèi) expediture, 139
融 (róng) glowing, 143 誠懇 (chéng kěn) sincere, 97 賀 (Hè) to congratulate, 138
行 (xińg) to walk, 147 誤會 (wù hùi) misunderstand- 賈 (Jiǎ) (“gǔ=merchant), 138
表情 (biǎo qińg) facial expres- ing, 85 賞賜 (shǎng cı̀) award, 52
sion, 94 說 (shūo) say, 85 賢 (xián) capable;versatile, 144
表現 (biǎo xiàn) to show, 86 說 (shūo) say , 35 賣力 (mài lı̀) to exert, 60
袁 (Yúan) the graceful look of a 說 (shūo) speak, 83, 100, 101 賴 (Lài) to rely on, 138
flowing robe, 139, 148 說 (shūo) to say, 87, 88, 100 贊 (zàn) to assist;to support, 144
被 (bèi) by, 75 誰 (shéi) who, 46 贍 (shàn) to provide, 143
被 (bèi) have been, 130 誼 (yı̀) friendship, 147 贏 (yińg) to win, 144
裕 (yù) abundance;generous, 144 談天 (tán tiān) to chat, 87, 88 赦免 (shè miǎn) to pardon, 130
裡 (lǐ) inside, 36, 49, 54, 122 談論 (tán lùn) to talk about, 87 走 (zǒu) to walk, 82
裡拜 (lǐ bài) week, 67 請 (qiňg) please, 85 走 (zǒu) walk, 76
裡面 (lǐ miàn) inside, 38 請 (qiňg) to request, 86 起 (q̌i) to rise, 71, 84
裴 (Péi) the look of a flowing 請問 (qiňg wèn) excuse me, 46 起 (q̌i) to start, 7
gown, 140 請教 (qiňg jiào) to consult, 46 起來 (qǐ lái) rise up, 93
複 (fù) repeat, 152 諒 (liàng) honest, 143 起來 (qǐ lái) to rise, 53
要 (yào) want, 35, 39, 40, 43, 45, 論 (lùn) theory, 153 起舞 (qǐ wǔ) rise and dance, 128
52, 86, 99, 133, 134 謙 (qiān) humble, 143 超 (chāo) to exceed, 142
要 (yào) will, 42 謙虛 (qiān xū) humble, 97 越 (Yùe) to go beyond, 141
見 (jiàn) to see, 2, 38, 52, 82 講 (jiǎng) speak, 89, 90 越 (yùe) more, 62
親 (qin̄) close, 98 講話 (jiǎng hùa) talk, 35 趕 (gǎn) to pursue, 145
親切 (qin̄ qiè) cordial, 84 講話 (jiǎng hùa) to talk, 87 趕緊 (gǎn jiň) hurriedly, 70
覺 (jiào) sleep, 108, 110 謝 (Xiè) to thank, 139, 149 趕走 (gǎn zǒu) kick out, 87
覺得 (júe dé) feel, 93 謝 (xiè) to thank, 82 趙 (Zhào) , 149
解開 (jǐe kāi) to undo, 85 謝謝 (xı̀e xı̀e) thanks, 84, 86 趙 (Zhào) (an ancient feudal
言 (yán) speech, 89 譚 (Tán) to talk, 139 state), 139
計算 (jı̀ sùan) arithmetic, 151 警察 (jiňg chá) police, 96 跑 (pǎo) ran, 96
計較 (jı̀ jiào) to plan, 99 譽 (yù) fame;honor, 144 跑 (pǎo) run, 56, 58
討厭 (tǎo yàn) to dislike, 94 變 (biàn) become, 153 路 (Lù) road, 140
討厭 (tǎo yàn) to loathe, 29, 92 變數 (biàn shù) variable, 152 路 (lù) road, 33, 64
討論 (tǎo lùn) to discuss, 87 讓 (ràng) to cause, 132 身 (shēn) body, 55, 62, 95

身邊 (shēn biān) side, 134 邊 (biān) side, 75, 76, 79 門 (Mén) door, 140
躲 (dǔo) to hide, 76 那 (nà) that, 135 門 (mén) door, 7
車 (chē) wheeled devices, 29 那裡 (nà lǐ) there, 122 開始 (kāi shǐ) since, 72
車子 (chē zi) vehicle, 30 那麼 (nà me) so, 44 開心 (kāi xin̄) joyful, 135
軼 (yı̀) to excel, 144 邱 (Qiū) hill, 138 閒 (xián) quiet;calm, 144
輕鬆 (qin̄g sōng) relaxed, 105 邵 (Shào) , 138 間 (jiān) period of time, 70
輛 (liàng) (quantifier), 32 邸 (Dǐ) residence of a high offi- 間 (jiān) room, 31
轉 (zhǔan) revolve, 128 cial, 141 閣 (gé) pavillion, 128
轉眼 (zhǔan yǎn) in the twin- 郁 (Yù) colorfully ornamented, 闊 (kùo) wealthy, 145
kling of an eye, 70 141 關係 (gūan xī) relation, 113
辜 (Gū) sin;crime, 140 郝 (Hǎo) (an ancient place), 138 關係 (gūan xı̀) relation, 85
迪 (dı́) to progress, 142 部 (bù) part, 30 關係 (guān xı̀) relation, 155, 156
逃 (táo) to flee, 76 郭 (Gūo) town, 138 闡 (chǎn) to make clear, 142
這 (zhè) this, 7, 42, 66, 77 都 (dōu) all, 47, 49, 57, 58, 60, 73, 阮 (Rǔan) (ancient musical in-
這個 (zhè ge) this, 110 99, 123, 134 strument), 140
這樣 (zhè yàng) like this, 77 都 (dōu) completely, 96 陟 (zhı̀) to ascend, 145
這裡 (zhè lǐ) here, 101, 122 鄒 (Zōu) , 139 除 (chú ) divide, 154
這麼 (zhè me) like this, 47, 74 鄧 (Dèng) , 138, 150 除法 (chú fǎ) division , 154
通 (tōng) through, 100 鄭 (Chéng) , 149 陰 (yīn) overcast, 129
連 (Lián) to connect, 140 鄭 (Zhèng) solemn, 139, 149 陳 (Chén) , 150
連 (lián) and even, 57, 58 醒來 (xiňg lái) to wake up, 108 陳 (Chén) to arrange, 138
連 (lián) even, 96 醫生 (yī shēng) doctor , 107 陳 (Chén) to lay out, 137, 150
連字 (lı́an zı̀) a ligature, 114 采 (cǎi) to pick, 109 陳 (Chén) to layout, 150
連接 (lián jiē) to join, 112 重音 (zhòng yin̄) stress/accent, 陶 (Táo) pottery, 140
進 (jı̀n) to advance, 142 113 陸 (Lù) land, 138, 140
進 (jı̀n) to enter, 86 野 (yě) wild, 61 隆 (lóng) prosperous;abundant,
進 (jiǹ) to enter, 42 野狼 (yě láng) wolves, 47 143
進來 (jiǹ lái) to come in, 60 金 (Jīn) gold, 138 隻 (z̄hi) single, 34
遂 (sùi) to satisfy;to fulfill, 143 鈕扣 (niǔ kòu) clothing button, 雁 (yàn) wild goose, 146
過 (gùo) to pass, 74, 86, 108, 142 32 雅 (yǎ) refined;polished, 146
過去 (gùo qù) in the past, 114 鋒 (fēng) cutting edge of a sword, 集合 (jı́ hé) set, 155
過著 (gùo zhe) to pass, 72 149 雍 (yōng) harmony;peaceful, 144
遒 (qiú) strong;vigorous, 143 錢 (Qián) money, 138 雖然 (sūi rán) although, 48
道 (dào) road, 148 錦 (jǐn) glorious, 147 雞 (jī) chicken, 53
道 (dào) road;path, 142 錫 (xı́) tin, 149 離 (lı́) apart, 128
達 (dá) intelligent;understanding, 錯 (cùo) faults, 82 離 (lı́) to leave, 73
142 鍾 (Zhōng) bell, 139 離散 (lı́ sàn) dispersed, 152
遲 (Chı́) late, 139 鎮定 (zhèn diǹg) calm, 92, 102 難 (nán) difficult, 129
遲到 (chı́ dào) arrive late, 70 鏟子 (chǎn zi) shovel, 30 難過 (nán gùo) sad, 92, 93, 102
邁 (mài) to surpass, 143 鏡子 (jiǹg zi) mirror, 32 難道 (nán dào) is it possible that,
還 (hái) still, 48, 50, 52, 55, 70 鐘 (zhōng) a bell, 69 47
還是 (hái s̀hi) or, 48 鐸 (Dúo) a large bell, 139 難道 (nán dào) is it possible that
還是 (hái shı̀) had better, 87 長 (cháng) long, 37 . . . , 46
還是 (hái shı̀) nevertheless, 49 長久 (cháng jiǔ) long time, 129 雨 (yǔ) rain, 147
還是 (hái shı̀) still, 57 長向 (cháng xiàng) always, 128 雪 (xǔe) snow, 146

184 2009 May 6
零 (lı́ng ) 0, 115, 119 頭 (tóu) head, 7, 33, 36, 49, 64, 高 (gāo) tall, 37
雷 (Léi) thunder, 138 106, 108, 124–126 高興 (gāo xiǹg) glad, 54, 84, 91,
電梯 (diàn tī) elevator, 133 頹 (Túi) to crumble, 141 95
電腦 (diàn nǎo) computer, 33 顏色 (yán sè) color, 62 鬆 (sōng) loose, 94
電視 (diàn s̀hi) television, 33 願 (yùan) willing, 101 鬥 (dòu) to struggle, 142
需要 (xū yào) need, 35 願意 (yùan ỳi) to be willing, 101 鬧鐘 (nào zhōng) alarm clock, 60
霆 (tińg) sudden thunder, 149 願意 (yùan yı̀) to wish, 35 魏 (Wèi) lofty;stately, 139
霏 (fēi) falling of snow and rain, 顧 (Gù) to turn around and look, 魏 (Wèi) lofty;stately;mafnificent,
147 138 140
霓虹 (ńi hóng) neon light, 133 風 (fēng) wind, 127, 133 魏 (Wèi) magnificent, 148
霖 (liń) continuous heavy rain, 風 (fēng) wind;breeze, 147 魚 (yú) fish, 33
143 飄走 (piāo zǒu) to float away, 133 魯 (Lǔ) dull, 140
靈 (lińg) clever, 99 飛 (fēi) to fly, 147 鮑 (Bào) abalone, 139
青 (qin̄g) blue, 149 飯 (fàn) rice, 45 鳳 (fèng) male phoenix, 145
青天 (qin̄g tiān) blue sky, 127 飽 (bǎo) full, 39, 108, 109 鴻 (hóng) swan, 142
靖 (jiǹg) peaceful, 142 養 (yǎng) raise, 122 麗 (lı̀) beautiful, 146, 150
靜 (jiǹg) tranquility, 146 餓 (è) hungry, 6, 44, 50, 56 麥 (Mài) wheat;barley;oats, 140
非 (fēi) not, 42, 43 饒 (ráo) abundant, 143 麻 (má) numbness, 16
靠 (kào) to lean, 7 香 (xiāng) sweet-smelling, 146 麼 (ma) (for questions), 16
面 (miàn) face to face, 32 香蕉 (xiāng jiāo) banana, 39 黃 (Húang) yellow, 138
面目 (miàn mù) face, 42 馥 (fù) fragrant fragrance, 145 黃牛 (huáng niú) cow, 54
鞦韆 (qiū qiān) swing, 62 馬 (Mǎ) horse, 138 黎 (Lı́) many, 148
鞭子 (biān zi) whip, 31 馬 (mǎ) horse, 14, 16, 32, 82 黎 (Lı́) numerous, 140
韋 (Wéi) tanned leather, 139 馮 (Féng) , 138, 139, 148 黑 (hēi) black, 58, 73
韓 (Hán) fence, 138 馳 (chı́) to gallop, 150 黛 (dài) a beauty, 145
音 (yin̄) sound; musical note, 146 駕 (jià) to excel, 145 點 (diǎn) a dot, 69
韶 (sháo) a form of music; beau- 驕傲 (jiāo aò) proud, 98 點 (diǎn) drop, 90
tiful, harmonious, 146 驚嘆 (jīng tàn) to marvel, 114 黠 (xiá) smart;clever, 144
韻 (yùn) rhymes, 147 驚訝 (jin̄g yà) surprised, 92, 102 鼻 (bı́) nose, 126
響 (xiǎng) sound, 7 骨 (gǔ) bone, 64 齊 (Qı́) equal, 140
頂 (diňg) the top, 142 體諒 (tǐ liàng) to show under- 齊 (Qı́) orderly, 149
須 (Xū) must, 140 standing for, 100 龍 (Lóng) dragon, 138
頓 (dùn) pause, 30 高 (Gāo) high;tall, 138 龍 (lóng) dragon, 150
頫 (fǔ) to bow the head, 149 高 (gāo) high, 62, 128 龔 (Gōng) reverential, 138
高 (gāo) tall, 133


186 2009 May 6
PINYIN INDEX
é (娥) good;beautiful, 145 ō (喔) (onomatopoeia), 5 z̀i wèn (自問) to ask oneself, 89
ńi hóng (霓虹) neon light, 133 p̄i (匹) equal to, 32 èr (二) two, 67
ṕi (疲) tired, 109 q̄i yùe (七月) July , 68 ňi (你) you, 29, 52, 86, 132–135
ṕi bèi (疲憊) exhausted, 109 s̄hi (濕) wet, 51 ňi xin̄ (你心) your heart, 134
śhi (十) 10, 69 s̄hi qù (失去) to lose, 99 q̌i (起) to rise, 71, 84
śhi (時) time, 7, 75, 77 s̄hi zi (獅子) lion, 33 q̌i (起) to start, 7
śhi ȳi yùe (十一月) November , s̄i (思) think, 100 x̌i (洗) wash, 59
68 s̄i (嘶) (onomatopoeia), 5 x̌i hūan (喜歡) like, 14
śhi èr yùe (十二月) December , 68 ȳi (一) one, 67, 78, 90 x̌i hūan (喜歡) to like, 62
śhi (時) time, 75 ȳi yùe (一月) January , 68 žhi tiáo (紙條) slip of paper, 33
śhi hòu (時候) time, 72, 73 ȳin sù (因素) a cause, 132 ži (子) son, 2
śhi jiān (時間) time, 30, 65 z̄hi (隻) single, 34
śhi tóu (石頭) stones, 134 ài (愛) love, 14, 98, 134 ( ) , 52
śhi yùe (十月) October , 68 è (惡) evil, 47 ( ) (complimentary verb), 41
ýi (一) one, 77, 108 è (餓) hungry, 6, 44, 50, 56 ( ) (initial verb), 41
ýi lù (一路) all the way, 134 q̀i (氣) air, 92 ( ) , 50, 51
ýi xià (一下) in a short while, 7 q̀i chē (汽車) car, 32 (. . . ) , 72, 75
ýi zhèn (一陣) a burst, 71 q̀i jı́ (氣極) extremely angry, 92
źhi dào (直到) until, 73 s̀hi (是) are, 132, 133, 135 a (呀) , 60
ā (啊) (onomatopoeia), 3 s̀hi (是) is, 77 aó (嗷) cry of hunger, 3
āi (唉) alas, 94 s̀hi qińg (事情) a matter, 31 an̄ (安) peaceful, 147, 150
āi (哎) (onomatopoeia), 3 ỳi (一) one, 64, 79 an̄ nińg (安寧) tranquility, 110
c̄hi (吃) to eat, 76 ỳi q̌i (一起) together, 62 an̄ wèi (安慰) comfort, 130
c̄hi (嗤) to sneer, 4 ỳi shēn (一身) whole body, 96 aı̀ (愛) love, 35, 134
c̄hi lı̀ (吃力) exhausting, 63, 74 z̀i (自) self, 89 aı̀ (愛) to love, 145
ē (婀) graceful;elegant, 145 z̀i jǐ (自己) one’s own, 62 aǹ (岸) shore, 79
aǹ (暗) dark, 38
187
Pinyin Index Daniel J. Greenhoe (柯晨光)
aò (奧) mysterious;profound, 141 bèi ké (貝殼) shell, 32 113

aò (澳) deep waters, 141 Bı̀ (畢) to complete, 139 bin̄ bin̄ (彬彬) Bin-Bin, 6
aǐ (藹) exuberant;amiable, 147 bı̀ (嗶) (onomatopoeia), 4 bin̄g (冰) ice, 149
aǐ (矮) short, 37 bù (不) not, 39–41, 43, 44, 54, 56, biàn (變) become, 153
57, 59–62, 84, 85, 90, 93, 95, 100, biàn (便) thereupon, 48
bá (拔) to pull out, 56, 96 101, 108, 128 biàn shù (變數) variable, 152
bá (拔) to uproot, 16 bù (部) part, 30 biǹg (並) entirely, 44
Bái (白) white, 138 bù śhi (不時) from time to time, biǹg (並) entirely, 43
bái (白) white, 59, 149 71 biǎo qińg (表情) facial expres-
bı́ (鼻) nose, 126 bù (不) not, 38, 41 sion, 94
bı́e shı́ (別時) time to leave, 128 bù dàn (不但) not only, 52 biǎo xiàn (表現) to show, 86
bó (伯) a count (nobility), 141 bù guǎn (不管) no matter, 134 biňg (炳) bright;luminous, 141
bó (博) extensive;abundant, 142 bù jǐn (不僅) not only, 52 bo (蔔) edible roots, 31
Bó (柏) cypress, 150 bù jin̄ (不禁) cannot refrain, 57
bú (不) not, 38, 40–42, 45, 46, 77, bù kě (不可) not permissible, 42 cái (才) gifted person, 147
82, 86, 112, 133 bù kě (不可) not permitted, 42 cái (才) just, 85
bú dàn (不但) not only, 49, 52 bù mián (不眠) sleepless, 134 cái (才) only then, 77
bú hùi (不會) unable, 134 bù shēng (不勝) too, 128 cái (財) wealth, 142
bú shı̀ (不是) (either), 51 bù xiū (不休) endlessly, 134 cái (才) only then, 76
bú yào (不要) don’t, 85 bù zhī (不知) wonder if, 127 Cáo (曹) (a plural particle), 138
bā (八) eight, 16, 72, 88, 124 bǎ (把) handle, 16, 30 cı́ (慈) kind;loving, 145
bā (叭) trumpet, 3 bǎ (把) , 7, 42, 53, 87, 124 cı́ (詞) word, 111, 112
bā (吧) (a particle), 4 bǎ jiǔ (把酒) hold a wine glass, cı́ (詞) word, 36
bā (芭) a fragrant plant, 145 127 cóng (從) from, 36, 49
Bān (班) a grade, 139 bǎi (佰) hundred, 132 cóng cǐ (從此) from now on, 70
bān mǎ (斑馬) zebra, 32 bǎi (百) 100, 117, 118 cóng lái (從來) always, 74
Bāo (包) to wrap, 139 bǎi (百) 100, 119 cāi xiǎng (猜想) to think so, 100
bēi (悲) sadness, 128 bǎo (保) to guard, 141 cāo zùo (操作) to operate, 34
bēi sh=ang (悲傷) sorrow, 93 bǎo (保) to protect, 2 Cūi (催) high and steep, 138
bā (八) 8, 116, 117 bǎo (飽) full, 39, 108, 109 Cài (蔡) a large turtle, 138
bā (八) 8, 115, 119 bǎo gùi (寶貴) precious, 131 càn (燦) bright and brilliant, 142
bā yùe (八月) August , 68 bǎo hù (保護) to protect, 134 cùo (錯) faults, 82
bà (爸) dad, 16 běn (本) root;source, 147 cǎi (采) to pick, 109
bà ba (爸爸) dad, 29, 51, 110 běn (本) stem, 30 cǎo méi (草莓) strawberry, 32
bào (瀑) sudden pouring rain, bǐ (比) to compare, 63, 74 cǐ (此) these, 129
145 bǐ či (彼此) each other, 85 chái (柴) firewood, 64
Bào (鮑) abalone, 139 Bǔ (卜) to divine, 139 chán (嬋) graceful;ladylike, 145
bào žhi (報紙) newspaper, 31 ba (吧) (for suggestions), 16 chán jūan (嬋娟) lovely, 129
bào qiàn (抱歉) apologize, 85 ba (吧) , 87 Cháng (常) common;normal, 138
bào zhǐ (報紙) newspaper, 45 bié (別) don’t, 85 cháng (常) ordinary, 152
bèi (備) completeness, 141 bié rén (別人) other people, 99 cháng (長) long, 37
bèi (蓓) flower bud, 145 biān (邊) side, 76, 79 cháng jiǔ (長久) long time, 129
bèi (被) by, 75 biān (邊) side, 75 cháng xiàng (長向) always, 128
bèi (被) have been, 130 biān zi (鞭子) whip, 31 chén (晨) morning;daybreak, 142
Bèi (貝) shells, 139 biāo dǐan (標點) punctuation, Chén (陳) , 150
bèi hòu (背後) behind, 133 Chén (陳) to arrange, 138

188 2009 May 6
Daniel J. Greenhoe (柯晨光) PinYin Index
Chén (陳) to lay out, 150 chàng gē (唱歌) to sing, 88 dūo shǎo (多少) so many, 134
Chén (陳) to layout, 150 chàng tōng (暢通) freely flowing, dà (大) big, 66, 106
Chén (陳) to lay out, 137 134 dà (大) big, 37
chén guāng (晨光) early morning chù (矗) steep;lofty, 142 dà mén (大門) front door, 50
sun light, 3 chù (處) a place, 133 dà xiàng (大象) elephant, 33, 34
chéng (乘) multiply, 154 chù (處) place, 128 dài (代) substitute, 112, 113, 151,
chéng (乘) ride, 127 chǎn (闡) to make clear, 142 153
Chéng (埕) , 138 chǎn zi (鏟子) shovel, 30 dài (待) to wait for, 66, 82
Chéng (成) completed;accomplished,chǎo jià (吵架) to quarrel, 88 Dài (戴) to wear, 138
139 Chǔ (楚) , 139 dài (黛) a beauty, 145
chéng (誠) sincere;honest, 142 dài (代) substitute, 27
Chéng (鄭) , 149 dá (答) to answer, 89 dàn (旦) daybreak, 145
chéng bǎo (城堡) castle, 42 dá (達) intelligent;understanding, dàn yùan (但願) if only, 129
chéng dù (程度) extent, 132 142 dàng (盪) to swing, 62
chéng fǎ (乘法) multiplication, dé (得) obtain, 130 dào (到) to arrive, 78
154 dé (得) to get, 41, 54, 95 dào (到) to reach, 41, 60, 77
chéng kěn (誠懇) sincere, 97 dé (得) to obtain, 130 dào (道) road, 148
Chı́ (遲) late, 139 dé (得) to the extent that, 132 dào (道) road;path, 142
chı́ (馳) to gallop, 150 dé (德) virtue, 142 dào chù (到處) everywhere, 123
chı́ dào (遲到) arrive late, 70 dé (得) to get, 41 dào dá (到達) to arrive at, 135
chı́ táng (池塘) pond, 54 dé yı̀ (得意) full of oneself, 98 Dèng (鄧) , 138, 150
Chóu (仇) enemy, 139 Dı́ (狄) , 139 dèng zhe (瞪著) glare at, 35
chú (除) divide, 154 dı́ (迪) to progress, 142 dı̀ (地) earth, 88, 122, 123
chú fǎ (除法) division , 154 dúo (朵) flower, 145 dòng (凍) to freeze, 55
chúan dı̀ (傳遞) transitive, 157 Dúo (鐸) a large bell, 139 dòng (動) to move, 99, 112
chúang (床) bed, 33 dān xīn (擔心) worried, 92, 102 dòng (棟) main beam, 30
chún (淳) pure;clean;simple, 145 dāng (當) while, 75 dòng (洞) hole, 36
chā (插) to stick into, 133 dāng (噹) (onomatopoeia), 4 dòng cı́ (動詞) verb, 34, 113
chāng (昌) proper;good, 142 dāng (當) while, 75 dòu (鬥) to struggle, 142
chāo (超) to exceed, 142 dāng miàn (當面) in someone’s Dù (杜) to plug, 138
chē (車) wheeled devices, 29 presence, 52 dù (渡) to cross, 142
chē zi (車子) vehicle, 30 dēng (燈) lamp;lantern, 142 dù zi (肚子) stomach, 6, 44, 56
chī (吃) eat, 39, 45 dēng (登) to ascend;to climb, 142 Dùan (段) , 148
chī (吃) eat, 35 dī (低) hang down, 128 Dùan (段) a section, 138
chī gùo (吃過) eaten, 39 dōng x̄i (東西) things, 38 dùan (段) paragraph, 30
chōng mǎn (充滿) full, 134 dōng (咚) (onomatopoeia), 4 dùi (對) as regards, 51
chū (出) to exit, 36, 61, 96 dōng tiān (冬天) winter, 55 dùi (對) correct, 77
chū (初) first, 131 dōu (都) all, 47, 49, 58, 60, 73, 99, dùi (對) facing, 84, 100, 101
chū lái (出來) to come out, 76 123, 134 dùi (對) for, 134
chū qù (出去) to get out, 87 dōu (都) completely, 96 dùi chèn (對稱) symmetric, 158
chū xiàn (出現) to appear, 73 dōu (都) all, 57 dùn (頓) pause, 30
chū zǒu (出走) to leave, 73 Dū (督) to oversee, 139 dǎ (打) beat, 51
chūan (川) river, 142 dū (嘟) (onomatopoeia), 4 dǎ (打) hit, 41
chūn (春) spring, 145 dūn (敦) honest;to deepen, 142 dǎ (打) to beat, 109
chàng (暢) smoothly;fluently, 142 dūo (多) many, 61, 132, 134 dǎ (打) to hit, 108
dūo (多) much, 71

dǎ (打) beat, 81 eŕ qiě (而且) furthermore, 43 149

dǎ hū (打呼) snore, 108 eŕ yǐ (而已) that is all, 90 fēng (風) wind, 127, 133
dǎ kāi (打開) to open, 50 en̄ (恩) grace;kindness, 147 fēng (風) wind;breeze, 147
dǎng (擋) to block, 133 en̄ diǎn (恩典) grace, 130 fàn (梵) clean and pure, 147
děng (等) to wait, 78 en̄ húi (恩惠) mercy;grace, 131 Fàn (范) , 149
děng (等) to wait/not until, 77 er̀ (二) 2, 69 Fàn (范) bee, 138
děng yú (等於) equal, 154 er̀ (二) two, 124 fàn (飯) rice, 45
Dǐ (邸) residence of a high offi- er̀ (二) 2, 116, 117 fàn hán (泛函) function, 152
cial, 141 er̀ (二) 2, 115, 119 fàng sōng (放鬆) to release, 134
dǒng (懂) to understand, 145 er̀ yùe (二月) February , 68 fàng zǒu (放走) release, 124
Dǒng (董) to oversee, 138 eř (耳) ear, 126 Fèi (費) expediture, 139
dǒu (抖) to tremble, 57 fèi hùa (廢話) garbage talk, 88
dǔan (短) short, 37 fán (凡) all, 99 fèn (份) portion, 31
dǔo (躲) to hide, 76 Fán (樊) bird cage, 139 fèn (奮) to rise in force, 142
dǔo (朵) (quantifier), 30 Fáng (房) house, 139 fèn zhàn (奮戰) to put up a good
de (得) (to the extent that), 76, 95 fáng zi (房子) house, 31 fight, 78, 79
de (的) ’s, 6, 53, 56–59, 72, 73, 99, Féng (馮) , 138, 139, 148 fèng (奉) to receive with respect,
125, 132 fú (扶) to support, 142 142
de (的) (’s), 7, 28, 61, 62, 64, 77 fú (福) good fortune;a blessing, fèng (鳳) male phoenix, 145
de (的) (adj), 46 142 Fù (傅) a teacher, 138
de (的) of, 110 fú hào (符號) symbol, 17 fù (富) wealthy, 142
de (得) (to the extent of), 54, 95 fā dǒu (發抖) to shake, 55, 95 fù (複) repeat, 152
de (得) (to the extent that), 54, 55, fā dǒu (發抖) to shiver, 55 fù (馥) fragrant fragrance, 145
60, 96 fā xiàn (發現) to discover, 50, 77 fù cı́ (副詞) adverb, 111
de (得) to the extent, 56 fā yīn (發音) pronunciation, 113 fù zé (負責) to be in charge of, 29
de (得) to the extent of, 6, 56 fān (番) a time, 78, 79 fǎ (法) the law, 113
de (得) to the extent that, 55, 56, fān qié (番茄) tomato, 32 fǎn (反) contrary, 158
70, 106 Fāng (方) square, 138 fǎn eŕ (反而) instead, 43
de (的) , 125 fāng (芳) fragrant;virtuous, 145 fǎn yiǹg (反應) response, 88
de (的) ’s, 54, 72 fāng chéng (方程) equation, 152, Fěi (斐) elegant;beautiful, 139
de (的) ’s (possesses), 53 153 fěi (翡) kingfisher;emerald, 147
Din̄g (丁) , 138 fēi (妃) concubine, 148 fǒu diǹg (否定) to negate, 38
din̄g (叮) to sting, 4 fēi (緋) scarlet;crimson, 147 fǔ (頫) to bow the head, 149
din̄g (盯) fix eyes on, 35 fēi (菲) fragrant, 145
din̄g nińg (叮嚀) to repeatedly fēi (霏) falling of snow and rain, gé (格) checks, 16
urge, 89 147 gé (格) style, 112
diàn s̀hi (電視) television, 33 fēi (非) not, 42, 43 gé (閣) pavillion, 128
diàn nǎo (電腦) computer, 33 fēi (飛) to fly, 147 Gúo (國) country, 148
diàn tī (電梯) elevator, 133 fēi (非) not, 42 gúo wáng (國王) king, 52, 54
diǹg (定) to fix, 101, 112 fēn (芬) fragrance;perfume, 145 gúo yǔ (國語) Chinese, 89, 90
diǎn (點) a dot, 69 fēn hào (分號) semicolon, 114 gā (嘎) (onomatopoeia), 4
diǎn (點) drop, 90 fēn xī (分析) analyze, 151–153 gāi (該) should, 85
diňg (頂) the top, 142 fēng (丰) good-looking, 147 Gān (甘) delicious, 140
fēng (封) to seal, 30 gān gà (尷尬) embarrased, 92
eŕ qǐe (而且) but also, 52 fēng (豐) abundant, 142 gān jiǹg (乾淨) clean, 59
eŕ qiě (而且) and, 73 fēng (鋒) cutting edge of a sword, gān tián (甘甜) sweet, 130

190 2009 May 6
gāng (剛) exactly, 101 gòng (共) share, 129 Hé (何) , 138
gāng cái (剛才) a moment ago, 66 gòng (共) altogether, 154 hé (合) together, 128
gāng hǎo (剛好) perfect, 101 gù (固) stable;sturdy, 142 hé (和) and, 126
gāo (高) high, 62, 128 Gù (顧) to turn around and look, hé (和) harmony, 142
Gāo (高) high;tall, 138 138 hé děng (何等) how, 130, 131
gāo (高) tall, 133 gùan cı́ (冠詞) article, 112 hé nián (何年) what year, 127
gāo xiǹg (高興) glad, 54, 84, 91, Gùi (桂) , 140 hé pińg (和平) peace, 97
95 gùi (貴) high-placed, 142 hé sı̀ (何似) similiar to, 128
Gē (戈) spear;lance, 140 gùi (貴) valued, 148 hé shı̀ (何事) why, 128
gē (歌) song, 16 gùo (過) to pass, 74, 86, 108, 142hóng (宏) magnificent, 142
gē ge (哥哥) elder brother, 77 gùo qù (過去) in the past, 114 hóng (泓) deep, 142
gēn (根) roots, 31 gùo zhe (過著) to pass, 72 Hóng (洪) a flood, 138
gēn běn (根本) ultimately, 42 gǎn (敢) to dare;bold, 145 hóng (洪) flood, 148
gōng (功) merit;achievement, gǎn (趕) to pursue, 145 hóng (鴻) swan, 142
142 gǎn jiň (趕緊) hurriedly, 70 hóng liàng (宏亮) magnificent
Gōng (龔) reverential, 138 gǎn mào (感冒) to catch a cold, 6 and clear, 60
gōng s̄i (公司) company, 31 gǎn xiè (感謝) to thank, 52 Hóu (侯) marquis, 138
gōng jī (公雞) rooster, 6, 60, 63, 74 gǎn zǒu (趕走) kick out, 87 Hú (湖) lake, 141
gōng qūe (宮闕) imperial palace, gǎng (港) a port, 150 hú (胡) reckless, 31, 100
127 gǎng (港) a port, 137 Hú (胡) to blunder, 138
gōng zùo (工作) work, 105, 107 gě (舸) barge, 16 hú dié (蝴蝶) butterfly, 34
gū (咕) to murmur, 4 Gě (葛) , 140 hú tú (糊塗) confused, 132
Gū (辜) sin;crime, 140 gěi (給) to give, 52 Húang (黃) yellow, 138
gū (咕) to murmur, 6 Gǔ (古) ancient, 140 húi jiā (回家) to return home, 50
gū gū (呱呱) baby’s cry, 122, 123 gǔ (古) ancient, 129 húi tóu (回頭) to turn one’s head,
gū lū (咕嚕) “gur- gǔ (谷) valley, 142 78
gle—hyperpage, 6, 56 gǔ (骨) bone, 64 hún shēn (渾身) entire body, 55
gūa (刮) to scrape, 71 Gǔan (管) tube;pipe, 140 húo yú (活魚) live fish, 124
gūa (呱) (onomatopoeia), 4 gǔn (滾) to roll, 87 hā (哈) to breathe on, 4
Gūan (官) government official, ge (個) (quantifier), 16, 31 hā jiū (哈啾) achoo, 6
140 ge (個) a, 66, 67, 108, 110 hā qiàn (哈欠) to yawn, 108
gūan xī (關係) relation, 113 ge (個) one that, 57 hāi (嗨) “hi”, 4
gūan xı̀ (關係) relation, 85 ge (個) one that, 56 hē (呵) (a sound), 57
gūi (傀) great;wonderful, 142 guān xı̀ (關係) relation, 155, 156 hē (喝) drank, 59
gūi (圭) (a jade tablet), 142 hē (呵) (a sound), 57
gūi (瑰) fabulous;a kind of jasper, hái (還) still, 50, 52, 55, 70 hē (喝) drink, 35
145 hái s̀hi (還是) or, 48 hē le (喝了) drank, 53
gūi qù (歸去) go back to, 127 hái (還) still, 48 hē qiàn (呵欠) to yawn, 108
Gūo (郭) town, 138 hái shı̀ (還是) had better, 87 hēi (黑) black, 58, 73
gāo (高) tall, 37 hái shı̀ (還是) nevertheless, 49 hū (呼) to exhale, 4, 70, 92
gōng chéng (工程) engineering, hái shı̀ (還是) still, 57 hū (虎) tiger, 82
107 hán (寒) cold, 128 hū (呼) to exhale, 7, 70, 92
gōng rén (工人) worker , 107 Hán (韓) fence, 138 hū hǎn (呼喊) to call out, 132
gè (各) each, 16 hán shù (函數) function, 153, 154 hū rán (忽然) suddenly, 71
gè xiǹg (個性) personality, 91 háo (籇) outstandingly intelli- Hūa (花) flower, 140
gent, 142

hūa (花) flower, 30 hǎo xiàng (好像) to seem, 6 jı̀n (進) to advance, 142
hūa (嘩) (onomatopoeia), 4 hěn (很) early, 55, 70 jı̀n (進) to enter, 86
hūa dǔo (花朵) flower, 132, 133 hěn (很) very, 82, 84, 108, 132–134
jù (劇) a play, 47
hūa yúan (花園) flower garden, hǒu (吼) to roar, 4 Jù (據) proof, 141
33 hǔ (虎) brave, 142 jù hào (句號) period (.), 114
hūan (歡) cheerful, 128 hǔi (會兒) to meet together, 82 jù zi (句子) sentence, 113
hūan lè (歡樂) joy, 97 hǔo (火) fire, 142 jı̀ao shòu (教授) professor , 107
hūan yı́ng (歡迎) welcome, 86 huáng niú (黃牛) cow, 54 jĭu (九) 9, 116, 117
hūi (暉) radiant, 142 huāng luàn (慌亂) in a flurry, 70 jĭu (九) 9, 115, 119
hūi (灰) grey, 106 huài (壞) bad, 47 jǐ (幾) how many, 69, 83
hūi xīn (灰心) discouraged, 92, jǐ (擠) almost, 60
102 jı́ (急) urgent, 70 jǐ hé (幾何) geometry, 152
hài pà (害怕) afraid, 92, 102 jı́ dù (嫉妒) jealous, 92, 103 jǐ shı́ (幾時) when, 127
hàn (和) and, 110, 135 jı́ hé (集合) set, 155 jǐa yı̀ (假意) insincerity, 98
hàn (捍) to defend, 142 jı́ máng (急忙) hurriedly, 36, 70 jǐan (減) subtract, 154
hàn (汗) sweat, 106 júe dé (覺得) feel, 93 jǐan fǎ (減法) subtraction , 154
hàn (和) and, 48 júe dùi (絕對) absolutely, 134 jǐe kāi (解開) to undo, 85
hàn yǔ (漢語) Chinese, 15 júe diǹg (決定) to decide, 73 jǐn (錦) glorious, 147
hào (皓) white and bright, 142 júe diǹg (決定) to resolve, 61 jǐn zhāng (緊張) nervous, 92
hào (號) a mark, 114 júe xīn (決心) determination, 97 jǐu (久) duration of time, 71
hào (號) number, 69 júe xin̄ (決心) determination, 101 jǐu yùe (九月) September, 68
hào qı́ (好奇) curious, 97 jī (唧) pump, 4 jǔ sàng (沮喪) depressed, 92, 102
Hè (賀) to congratulate, 138 jī (嘰) to talk indistinctly, 4 jié (傑) remarkable, 142
hèn (恨) hate, 128 jī (姬) beautiful lady, 145 jié (捷) swift, 142
hòu (後) behind, 70 jī (機) alert, 99 jié (杰) outstanding, 142
hòu tiān (後天) day after tomor- jī (雞) chicken, 53 jié (潔) pure, 145
row, 66 jī fēn (積分) integral, 152 jiā (佳) beautiful, 145
hù (戶) door, 31, 128 jī hū (幾乎) almost, 37, 38 jiā (佳) excellent, 147
hùai (壞) bad, 61 jī lv̀ (機率) probability, 153 jiā (家) home, 36, 49, 73, 78
hùan (煥) shining, 142 jī mù (積木) building blocks, 32 jiā (家) household, 31
hùi (慧) wisdom, 150 jīa (加) add, 154 jiān (堅) strong and durable, 142
hùi (慧) wise, 145 jīa fǎ (加法) addition , 154 jiān (肩) to sustain, 145
hùi (會) able, 83, 89, 90, 135 Jīn (金) gold, 138 jiān (間) period of time, 70
hùi (蕙) fragrant orchid, 145 jīng tàn (驚嘆) to marvel, 114 jiān (間) room, 31
hùi (薈) luxuriant growth, 145 jū rán (居然) unexpectedly, 48 Jiāng (姜) ginger, 138
hùo (嚄) (onomatopoeia), 4 jū shù (拘束) awkward, 133 jiāng (將) will, 135
hǎi lı́ (海狸) beaver, 75 jūan (娟) graceful, 146 Jiāng (江) river, 138
hǎn jiào (喊叫) to shout, 88 jūn (君) monarch, 148, 150 jiāo (嬌) delicate, 145
hǎo (好) good, 3, 38, 61, 81, 82, 85, jīan bǎng (肩膀) shoulder, 126 Jiāo (焦) scorched, 140
93, 145 jīng lǐ (經理) manager , 107 jiāo aò (驕傲) proud, 98
hǎo (好) very, 60 Jı̀ (季) season, 140 jiāo jı́ (焦急) anxious, 53
Hǎo (郝) (an ancient place), 138 jı̀ (既) as, 131 jiāo tōng (交通) traffic, 96
hǎo s̀hi (好事) good deeds, 61 jı̀ (繼) to carry on, 142 jiē (結) tough, 142
hǎo hǎo (好好) all out, 52 jı̀ jiào (計較) to plan, 99 jin̄ (今) now, 130
hǎo hǎo (好好) very good, 110 jı̀ sùan (計算) arithmetic, 151 jin̄ (今) the present, 65, 66
jı̀n (晉) to advance, 142

192 2009 May 6
jin̄ (禁) to endure, 145 Jiǎn (簡) brief, 140 kè (剋) to overcome, 145
jin̄ (筋) muscle, 109 Jiǎng (蔣) , 138, 149 kè (客) guest, 143
jin̄ bı̀ (今幣) gold, 52 jiǎng (講) speak, 89, 90 kè qı̀ (客氣) polite, 86
jin̄ tiān (今天) today, 69 jiǎng hùa (講話) talk, 35 kòu (叩) to knock, 4, 7
jin̄ xı̀ (今夕) today, 127 jiǎng hùa (講話) to talk, 87 Kòu (寇) bandits, 140
jin̄g (精) energy, 109 jiǎo (佼) charming, 142 kùai lè (快樂) happiness, 135
jin̄g (菁) the flower of the leek, jiǎo bù (腳步) footstep, 132 kùai lè (快樂) happy, 74
145 jiǎo zhǐ (腳趾) toe, 126 kùai zi (筷子) chopsticks, 34
jin̄g gùo (經過) to pass through, jiň zǎo (儘早) as soon as possible, kùn hùo (困惑) bewildered, 134
79 70 kùo (擴) to expand, 145
jin̄g yà (驚訝) surprised, 92, 102 jiň zǎo (儘早) as sooon as possi- kùo (闊) wealthy, 145
jiū (啾) chirping sound, 4 ble, 87 kǎi (凱) peace, 142
jià (駕) to excel, 145 jiňg (井) a well, 142 kǎi (凱) triumphant strains, 148
jiàn (件) document, 31 jiňg (井) well, 32 kǎn diào (砍掉) to cut down, 75
jiàn (澗) mountain stream, 145 jiňg (景) a view, 150 kǎo yàn (考驗) to test, 132
jiàn (見) to see, 2, 38, 52, 82 Jiňg (景) scenery, 140 Kě (可) to be able to, 141
jiàn jiàn (漸漸) gradually, 99 jiňg chá (警察) police, 96 kě (可) to permit, 43
jiàn lı̀ (建立) to build up, 61 jiǒng (炯) brightness, 142 kě (渴) thirsty, 44, 50, 56
jiàng (匠) craftsman, 145 jiǔ (久) duration, 60 kě ýi (可疑) suspicious, 132
jiào (叫) called, 83 jiǔ (九) nine, 124 kě s̀hi (可是) but, 59, 60
jiào (叫) to call, 6, 56, 63, 74 kě y̌i (可以) can, 110
jiào (叫) to crow, 6, 60 kāi shǐ (開始) since, 72 kěn (懇) sincere, 145
jiào (覺) sleep, 108, 110 kāi xin̄ (開心) joyful, 135 Kǒng (孔) hole, 138
jiè (介) upright, 142 Kāng (康) health, 138 kǒng (恐) dread, 127
jiè (借) to borrow, 86 kāng (康) healthy, 143 kǒu (口) mouth, 2, 32, 44, 94, 126
jiè shào (介紹) introduce, 83 kāng (慷) unselfish, 143 kǔ nǎo (苦惱) vexed, 91
jiè yı̀ (介意) to take offense, 85, 86 kē (柯) (family name), 3 kǔa (垮) to collapse, 109
jiǹ (勁) vigor, 142 Kē (柯) tall evergreen tree, 140 kǔan (款) sincerity, 145
jiǹ (盡) exhaust, 109 kē (棵) (quantifier), 32 kuáng fēng (狂風) a very strong
jiǹ (盡) exhausted, 99, 109 kōng jiān (空間) space, 155, 156 wind, 71
jiǹ (進) to enter, 42 kū (哭) to cry, 2 Kuāng (匡) to correct, 140
jiǹ lái (進來) to come in, 60 kūa jiǎng (誇獎) to commend, 52 kuài (塊) chunk, 32, 122, 123
jiǹg (勁) powerful, 145 kūan (寬) wide, 37 kuài (快) almost, 60
jiǹg (淨) pure, 146 kūn (昆) elder brother, 143 kuài (快) almost, 60
jiǹg (靖) peaceful, 142 kàn (看) see, 35, 40, 93 kuài lè (快樂) happy, 91, 93, 102
jiǹg (靜) tranquility, 146 kàn (看) to look at, 38, 62, 78
jiǹg wèi (敬畏) to hold in awe, kàn (看) to see, 100, 132 lái (來) come, 100, 101
130 kàn (看) to see, 34 lái (來) to come, 36, 49, 54, 61
jiǹg zi (鏡子) mirror, 32 kàn dào (看到) hear, 40 lái (來) to come, 61
jiù (就) just, 7, 56, 72, 76, 96 kàn dào (看到) see, 35, 42, 58 lán (嵐) mountain vapor, 146
jiù de (舊的) old, 45 kàn jiàn (看見) to see, 130 lán (蘭) orchid, 146
jiù sùan (就算) even if, 134 kàn le (看了) saw, 96 láng (狼) wolf, 55, 57, 58, 61, 95
jiù shı̀ (就是) (or), 51 kàn zhe (看著) look at, 34, 36 láng (狼) wolves, 61
jiù shı̀ (就是) no other than, 51 kào (靠) to lean, 7 láng (琅) clean and white, 143
Jiǎ (賈) (“gǔ=merchant), 138 kè (克) to overcome, 143 láng (瑯) pure and white, 143
kè (刻) quarter hour, 77 Léi (雷) thunder, 138

lı́ (離) apart, 128 lǎng (朗) bright, 149 stones, 143
lı́ (離) to leave, 73 lǎo (老) old, 63, 74, 122, 123 Liń (臨) to look down from
Lı́ (黎) many, 148 lǎo s̄hi (老師) teacher, 14 above, 141
Lı́ (黎) numerous, 140 lǎo s̀hi (老是) always, 14 liń (霖) continuous heavy rain,
lı́ sàn (離散) dispersed, 152 lǎo bǎn (老板) boss , 107 143
lı́an zı̀ (連字) a ligature, 114 lǎo sh̄i (老師) teacher , 107 lińg (玲) tinklings of jade, 146
lı́ng (零) 0, 115, 119 lǎo shı́ (老實) honest, 97 lińg (綾) very fine silk cloth, 146
lóng (隆) prosperous;abundant, lǎo shǔ (老鼠) mouse, 41 lińg (靈) clever, 99
143 lěng (冷) cold, 51 Liú (劉) to kill, 138
Lóng (龍) dragon, 138 lěng hàn (冷汗) cold sweat, 96 liú (流) to flow;mobile, 143
lóng (龍) dragon, 150 Lǐ (李) plum tree, 150 liú (瀏) the appearance of a clear
lóu (樓) building, 127, 133 Lǐ (李) plums, 138 stream, 145
Lú (盧) black, 138 lǐ (理) reason;logic, 143 liú xin̄ (留心) to take heed, 132
Lúo (羅) thin light silk, 138 lǐ (禮) courtesy, 143 liàn (戀) to be in love, 146
lúo (蘿) creeping plant, 31 lǐ (裡) inside, 36, 49, 54, 122 liàng (亮) bright, 6, 143
lā (拉) to pull, 133 lǐ bài (裡拜) week, 67 liàng (諒) honest, 143
lū (嚕) verbose, 5 lǐ mào (禮貌) manners, 84, 86 liàng (輛) (quantifier), 32
lū (嚕) verbose, 7 lǐ mào (禮貌) politeness, 84 Liào (廖) , 138
lūo (囉) to chatter, 5 lǐ miàn (裡面) inside, 38 liè (烈) fiery, 143
Lài (賴) to rely on, 138 lǐ wù (禮物) gift, 31 liǹg (令) excellent, 143
lè (樂) happy, 147 Lǔ (魯) dull, 140 liù (六) six, 69, 124
lè yúan (樂園) paradise, 135 Lv̌ (呂) , 138 liăng (二) 2, 117, 118
lèi (累) tired, 109 la (啦) (onomatopoeia), 5 liǎn (臉) face, 106
lèi le (累了) tired, 91, 102 le (了) , 72, 75, 85 liǎng (倆) craft;ability, 145
lı̀ (力) power, 109 le (了) (change of state), 6, 7 liǎo (了) to understand, 54, 95
lı̀ (力) strength, 95, 143 le (了) , 39, 40, 44, 52, 94, 109, 124 liǎo (了) understand, 56
Lı̀ (栗) chestnut tree, 140 le (了) (a change of state, 71 Liǔ (柳) willow tree, 140
lı̀ (粒) granule, 32 le (了) (a change of state), 77 liǔ tiáo (柳條) willow twig, 30
lı̀ (莉) white jasmine, 146 le (了) (indicates a change of
lı̀ (麗) beautiful, 146, 150 state), 82 má (麻) numbness, 16
lı̀ kè (立刻) immediately, 56, 96 lián (蓮) lotus, 146 máng (忙) busy, 106
Lù (路) road, 140 lián (連) and even, 58 máng (茫) vast;boundless, 143
lù (路) road, 33, 64 lián (連) even, 96 Máo (毛) hair, 138
Lù (陸) land, 138, 140 Lián (連) to connect, 140 Máo (茅) couch grass, 141
lùan (亂) disorder, 100 lián (連) and even, 57 máo jin̄ (毛巾) towel, 33
lùan hùa (亂話) indiscriminate lián jiē (連接) to join, 112 Méi (梅) prunes, 140
talk, 88 Liáng (梁) bridge, 138 méi (沒) no, 50, 73, 95, 109
lùn (論) theory, 153 liáng (梁) roof beam, 149 méi (沒) not, 58, 85
lv̀ sè (綠色) green, 46 liáng (良) fine;desirable, 143 méi (沒) not (have), 39, 40
lı̀u (五) 6, 116 liáo tiān (聊天) to chat, 87 méi (沒) not yet, 71
lı̀u (六) 6, 116, 117 liń (嶙) rugged, 143 méi (玫) rose, 146
lı̀u (六) six, 67 Liń (林) forest, 138 Méi (眉) eyebrows, 140
lı̀u (六) 6, 115, 119 liń (林) forest, 3 méi (沒) not (have), 38
lı̀u yùe (六月) June , 68 liń (琳) beautiful jade, 150 méi yǒu (沒有) not have, 44, 45,
lǎn dùo (懶惰) lazy, 105 liń (磷) water flowing between 57, 60, 74, 85
Mén (門) door, 140

194 2009 May 6
mén (門) door, 7 miı́ng (明) bright;brilliant, 143 ne (呢) , 82

méng (萌) to bud;to shoot forth, miń (民) the people, 143 ne (呢) (a sound), 29
143 mińg (明) bright, 66, 127, 148 ne (呢) , 52
méng (蒙) to receive, 131 mińg cı́ (名詞) noun, 27, 112, 113 nián (年) a year, 66
móu (哞) (onomatopoeia), 5 mińg nián (明年) next year, 67 Nián (年) year, 140
mā (媽) mother, 14, 16 mińg tiān (明天) tomorrow, 82 nińg (寧) peace;serenity, 146
mā mā (媽媽) mother, 53 mińg zı̀ (名字) a name, 83 niú (牛) cow, 6, 33, 56
mā ma (媽媽) Mom, 110 miāo (喵) “meow—hyperpage, 5 Niú (牛) ox, 138
mā ma (媽媽) mother, 50 miē (咩) (onomatopoeia), 5 niàn (念) to miss;to long for, 146
māo (貓) cat, 41 miàn (面) face to face, 32 Niè (聶) , 140
mà (罵) to scold, 16, 51 miàn mù (面目) face, 42 niǎo (嬝) delicate;graceful, 146
mài (邁) to surpass, 143 miào (妙) wonderful; intriguing; niǔ kòu (鈕扣) clothing button,
Mài (麥) wheat;barley;oats, 140 ingenious, 146 32
mài lı̀ (賣力) to exert, 60 miǎo (淼) extensive;vast, 143
màn (曼) delicately beauti- miǎo (渺) endlessly vast, 143 o (喔) (a sound), 133
ful;graceful, 146 oū zhōu (歐洲) Europe, 40
màn (曼) graceful, 149 ná (拿) to take, 76
mào (茂) exuberant, 143 Nán (南) south, 140 pá (爬) climb, 58
mào zi (帽子) hat, 73 nán (難) difficult, 129 pá (爬) to climb, 73, 75, 79
mèng (夢) dream, 147 nán dào (難道) is it possible that, Péi (裴) the look of a flowing
Mèng (孟) eldest child, 138 47 gown, 140
mèng (孟) first month of a sea- nán dào (難道) is it possible that Péng (彭) , 138
son, 149 . . . , 46 Pı́ (皮) skin;fur, 140
mı̀ (蜜) honey, 146 nán gùo (難過) sad, 92, 93, 102 pā (啪) (onomatopoeia), 5
Mò (莫) not, 140 nı́ (妮) maid, 150 Pān (潘) water, 138
mù (慕) to long for;to adore, 143 Nà (納) to receive, 140 pēng (怦) eager, 143
mù (木) wood/tree, 2 nà (那) that, 135 pēng (砰) (onomatopoeia), 5
mù (牧) to shephard, 143 nà lǐ (那裡) there, 122 pū (撲) beat, 154
mù (睦) friendly;to befriend, 143 nà me (那麼) so, 44 pū (噗) (onomatopoeia), 5
Mù (穆) peaceful;serene, 140 nài (耐) to endure, 143 pàng (胖) fat, 60
mù wū (木屋) cottage, 30 nài lı̀ (耐力) endurance, 97 pèi (沛) abundance, 143
Mǎ (馬) horse, 138 nài xin̄ (耐心) patience, 97 pǎo (跑) ran, 96
mǎ (馬) horse, 14, 16, 32, 82 nài xiǹg (耐性) patience, 97, 99 pǎo (跑) run, 56, 58
mǎn (滿) full, 106 nào zhōng (鬧鐘) alarm clock, 60 Pǔ (溥) great;wide;vast, 140
mǎn (滿) full;plentiful, 143 nèi jī (內積) inner-product, 155 pián yı́ (便宜) petty gain, 98, 99
měi (美) beautiful, 146 nòng (弄) make, 128 pińg cháng (平常) usual, 51
Měng (猛) bold;fierce, 141 nǎ ge (哪個) which, 125 piān (偏) slanting, 153
mǔ niú (母牛) cow, 64 nǎ lǐ (哪裡) where, 46 piān xù (偏序) partial order, 156
ma (嗎) , 83 něi ge (哪個) which, 46 piāo zǒu (飄走) to float away, 133
ma (嗎) (?), 45–47, 82, 86, 89 nǐ (你) you, 28, 35, 36, 39, 40, 45, pin̄ miǹg (拼命) do desparately,
ma (麼) (for questions), 16 81–84, 86, 87, 89, 93, 100, 107, 109, 58, 59
ma (嗎) (?), 93 132, 133 pin̄ yin̄ (拼音) pinyin, 15
ma (嗎) (question), 100 nǐ de (你的) your, 28, 93 pin̄g (乒) (onomatopoeia), 5
mián (眠) sleep, 128 nǐ mén (你們) you, 28 piàn (片) slice, 33
Miáo (苗) a sprout, 140 nǔ lı̀ (努力) to strive, 78, 106 piàn kè (片刻) brief moment, 110
nv̌ (女) woman, 2 piàn yǔ (片語) phrase, 113

piào liàng (漂亮) pretty, 100 qiú (求) ball, 41 rú (如) as, 64
qiú (球) ball, 32 rú cǐ (如此) ’twas, 130
qı́ (祈) to pray, 143 qiú (遒) strong;vigorous, 143 rú gǔo (如果) if, 48
qı́ (祺) lucky, 148 qiān (千) 1000, 117, 118 rè aı̀ (熱愛) love, 97
Qı́ (齊) equal, 140 qiān (謙) humble, 143 rè xīn (熱心) warmhearted, 98
Qı́ (齊) orderly, 149 qiān (千) 1000, 119 rèn shı̀ (認識) know, 84
qı́ shı́ (其實) in fact, 48 qiān lǐ (千里) long distance, 129 rèn zhēn (認真) conscientious,
qı́ yı̀ (奇異) unusual, 130 qiān xū (謙虛) humble, 97 106
qı́n láo (勤勞) diligent, 97 qiāo mén (敲門) to knock at the rùi (瑞) auspicious, 148
qúan (全) completely, 129 door, 7 rùi (瑞) lucky, 147
qúan (全) entire, 55, 95 qin̄ (親) close, 98 rùi (睿) wise and clever, 143
Qúan (泉) spring;fountain, 140 qin̄ qiè (親切) cordial, 84 rùn (潤) moist, 150
qī (七) seven, 88, 124 qin̄g (清) pure;virtuous, 143 ràng (讓) to cause, 132
qūe (缺) deficient, 129 qin̄g (青) blue, 149 Rǔan (阮) (ancient musical in-
qī (七) 7, 117 qin̄g chén (清晨) early morning, strument), 140
qī (六) 7, 116 68
qī (七) 7, 115, 119 qin̄g chǔ (清楚) clear, 132 sh́i (十) 10, 115, 116
qı̀ (氣) air, 94 qin̄g sōng (輕鬆) relaxed, 105 sh́i (十) 10, 115, 119
qù (去) go, 40 qin̄g tiān (青天) blue sky, 127 sān (三) 3, 69, 117, 118
qù (去) to go, 2, 42, 50, 54 qin̄g yiňg (清影) pure shadow, sān (三) three, 124
qù gùo (去過) went, 40 128 sān jiǎo (三角) triangle, 154
qù nián (去年) last year, 67 qiū (秋) autumn, 149 sēn (森) luxuriant vegetation,
qùe (卻) but, 43, 44 Qiū (邱) hill, 138 143, 150
qǐ (杞) a species of willow, 143 qiū qiān (鞦韆) swing, 62 sēn (森) trees, 3
qǐ (綺) beautiful, 128 qiàn (茜) madder, 50 sī (思) to think, 147
qǐ (綺) beautiful; resplendent, qiňg (請) please, 85 sī (絲) silk, 146
146 qiňg (請) to request, 86 sōng (嵩) mountain song, 143
qǐ gài (乞丐) beggar, 72 qiňg jiào (請教) to consult, 46 sōng (鬆) loose, 94
qǐ lái (起來) rise up, 93 qiňg wèn (請問) excuse me, 46 sōng shǔ (松鼠) squirrel, 73
qǐ lái (起來) to rise, 53 quán lı̀ (全力) to use all one’s Sū (蘇) , 139
qǐ wǔ (起舞) rise and dance, 128 strength, 109 sūi rán (雖然) although, 48
qián (前) before, 130 Sūn (孫) grandchild;descendent,
qián (前) front, 112 ráo (饒) abundant, 143 139
Qián (錢) money, 138 rén (人) people, 128, 129 sān (三) 3, 116, 117
qián tiān (前天) day before yes- rén (人) person, 2, 47 sān (三) three, 67
terday, 66 rén (仁) benevolence;kindness, sān (三) 3, 115, 119
qiń (勤) diligent;industrious, 143 143 sān yùe (三月) March , 68
Qiń (秦) Qin Dynasty, 138 Rén (任) , 138 sh̄i (師) instructor, 107
qiń fèn (勤奮) diligent, 105 rén cı́ (仁慈) kindness, 97 sài (塞) to compete, 143
qiń láo (勤勞) diligent, 105 rén jiā (人家) household, 31 sh̀i (式) form, 114
qińg (情) feelings; love, 146 rén jiān (人間) world of man, 128 sı̀ (四) 4, 117, 118
qińg (情) sentiment, 98 rén qún (人群) crowd, 99, 133 sı̀ (四) four, 124
qińg (晴) clear, 129 réng rán (仍然) still, 48 Sòng (宋) , 139
qińg (晴) fine;fair, 146 róng (榮) glory;honor, 143 sù (素) pure white silk, 146
qióng (瓊) fine jade, 146 róng (融) glowing, 143 Sù (肅) respectful;majestic, 140
qióng (瓊) jade, 127 róu (柔) soft and tender, 146 sùi (歲) a year of age, 83

196 2009 May 6
sùi (歲) years of age, 72 shū (書) book, 30 Shǐ (史) history, 139
sùi (遂) to satisfy;to fulfill, 143 Shū (舒) to unfold, 143 shǒu (守) to protect, 143
sı̀ (五) 4, 116 shū zhūo (書桌) desk, 33 shǒu (手) hand, 29
sı̀ (四) 4, 116, 117 shū zi (梳子) comb, 30 shǒu zhǐ (手指) finger, 124, 125
sı̀ (四) four, 67 shūa (刷) scrub, 58 Shǔi (水) water, 140
sı̀ (四) 4, 115, 119 shūo (說) say, 85 shǔi (水) water, 53
sı̀ yùe (四月) April , 68 shūo (說) say , 35 sh‘ang bān (上班) to be at work,
sǔo yǒu (所有) possess, 135 shūo (說) speak, 83, 100, 101 50
sǔo yǒu (所有) to possess, 112 shūo (說) to say, 87, 88, 100
sháo (韶) a form of music; beau- shāng rén (商人) businessman, tái (台) platform, 33
tiful, harmonious, 146 107 Tái (臺) a lookout;an observa-
shé (舌) tongue, 88 shàn (善) good;virtuous, 143 tory, 140
shé me (什麼) what, 46, 83, 85, Shàn (單) , 140 tán (曇) clouds, 146
107, 124 shàn (贍) to provide, 143 tán (潭) deep water;profound,
shéi (誰) who, 46 shàng (上) above, 2 144
shı́ (十) 10, 116–118 shàng (上) on top of, 7, 62 Tán (譚) to talk, 139
shı́ (十) ten, 124 shàng (上) up, 66, 67, 79 tán lùn (談論) to talk about, 87
shı́ (實) real, 153 shào (卲) to encourage; graceful, tán tiān (談天) to chat, 87, 88
shı́ (時) time, 131 147 Táng (唐) the Tang Dynasty, 139
Shı́ (石) rocks, 139 Shào (邵) , 138 táo (逃) to flee, 76
shı́ (石) stone, 149 shè miǎn (赦免) to pardon, 130 Táo (陶) pottery, 140
shı́ tài (時態) tense (grammar), shèn (慎) cautious;prudent, 143 táo zi (桃子) peach, 76
114 shèng (盛) abundant;rich, 143 Tóng (童) child, 140
shı́ zài (實在) really, 56 shı̀ (世) generation, 148 tóng xin̄ (同心) with one heart,
shú (數) number, 153 shı̀ (事) affairs, 129 106
shú shu (叔叔) uncle, 57, 58 shı̀ (事) matters, 99 tóu (頭) head, 7, 33, 36, 49, 64,
shān (山) mountain, 2, 143 shı̀ (士) scholar, 143 106, 108, 124–126
shān (珊) tinkling of jade, 146, shı̀ (是) is, 46, 69, 107, 125, 127 tú lùn (圖論) graph theory, 152
150 shı̀ (是) that, 131 tú rán (突然) suddenly, 71
shān yáng (山羊) goat, 57 shòu (受) to receive, 56 Túi (頹) to crumble, 141
shāng xin̄ (傷心) heartbroken, 92 shòu (瘦) thin, 64 tā (他) he, 7, 28, 40, 73, 76, 77, 83,
shēn (深) profound, 133 shòu shāng (受傷) injured, 77 87, 96, 99, 122, 124, 125
shēn (身) body, 55, 62, 95 shù (樹) tree, 32, 73, 75 tā (他) him, 43
shēn biān (身邊) side, 134 shù z̄hi (樹支) branch, 31 tā (她) her, 61
shēn chū (伸出) to stick out, 36, shù lùn (數論) number theory, tā (她) she, 28, 41, 74, 78, 94
49 153 tā (它) it, 28
shēng (生) to give birth, 150 shù xúe (數學) mathematics, tā de (他的) his, 28, 42
shēng (聲) sound, 94 151–153 tā de (她的) her, 28
shēng (生) to give birth, 137 shùi (睡) to sleep, 39, 108–110 tā de (它的) it’s, 28
shēng húo (生活) life, 72 shùi jiào (睡覺) sleep, 39, 108 tā mén (他們) their, 28
shēng qı̀ (生氣) angry, 85, 92, 102 shùi zháo (睡著) to sleep, 7 tā mén (他們) them, 28, 52
shēng yin̄ (聲音) sound, 7 shùo (碩) great;large, 143 tā mén (他們) they, 36, 85
Shī (施) to carry out, 139 shǎng cı̀ (賞賜) award, 52 tā mén (她們) them, 28
shī (詩) poetry, 147 Shěn (沈) , 138 tā mén (它們) them, 28
shī sàng (失喪) lost, 130 shǐ (使) to make, 130 tā men (他們) they, 49, 62
tān lán (貪婪) greedy, 53

Tāng (湯) hot water;soup, 140 hension, 88 wèi lái (未來) coming, 114
tāng mǔ (湯姆) Tom, 44, 51, 72 tin̄g zhe (聽著) listen to, 88 wèn (問) ask, 127
tōng (通) through, 100 tiǎo (窕) slender;charming, 146 wèn (問) to ask, 53
tōu lǎn (偷懶) to slack, 105 wèn (問) to request, 86
tōu zǒu (偷走) to steal, 73 Wáng (王) king, 139, 148, 149 wèn hào (問號) question mark,
tūi (推) to push, 29 wáng zǐ (王子) prince, 42, 44 114
tūi lǐ (推理) logic, 153 wéi (微) tiny, 152 wèn tı́ (問題) problem, 85
tūo (拖) to drag, 77 wéi (惟) to think;to meditate, 144 wèn tı́ (問題) question, 44
tà (嗒) dejected, 5 wéi (維) to hold fast, 144 wù (悟) to become aware of;to re-
tài (太) extremely, 82 Wéi (韋) tanned leather, 139 alize, 144
Tài (太) very big, 140 wéi fēn (微分) differential, 152, wù (晤) to meet;enlightened;wise,
tàn qı̀ (嘆氣) to sigh, 94 153 144
tàn wàng (探望) to look about, wén (文) a composition;culture, wù hùi (誤會) misunderstand-
34, 36, 49 147 ing, 85
tù (兔) rabbit, 59 Wén (聞) to hear, 140 wŭ (五) 5, 116, 117
tù zi (兔子) rabbit, 62, 76, 95 wén (聞) smell, 35 wŭ (四) 5, 116
tùo (拓) open, 154 wén fǎ (文法) grammar, 113 wŭ (五) 5, 115, 119
tùo pù (拓撲) topology, 156 Wú (吳) , 139, 150 wǎn (婉) amiable;pleasant, 146
tǎo lùn (討論) to discuss, 87 wú (梧) a support, 144 Wǎn (宛) crooked, 140
tǎo yàn (討厭) to dislike, 94 wú (無) without, 109, 128 wǎn (琬) (a kind of jade tablet),
tǎo yàn (討厭) to loathe, 29, 92 wú liáo (無聊) bored, 92, 102 147
tǐ liàng (體諒) to show under- wén fǎ (文法) grammar, 111 wǎn an̄ (晚安) good night, 82
standing for, 100 wā (哇) (a particle), 5 Wěi (尾) tail, 140
tǒng jı̀ (統計) compile statistics, Wāng (汪) pool of water, 139 wěi (尾) tail, 33
153 wēi (威) dignity;authority;awe, wěn (穩) stable;steady, 144
tǔ (土) soil, 106 144 wěng (蓊) flourishing;lush, 147
tǔi (腿) leg, 56 Wēn (溫) warm, 140 wǒ (我) I, 14, 28, 35, 36, 39, 42, 43,
tǔi (腿) legs, 96 Wēng (翁) father, 140 52, 56, 61, 73, 75, 82, 83, 85, 90, 93,
tián (恬) quiet;undisturbed, 146 wēng (嗡) (onomatopoeia), 5 100, 107, 124, 125, 127, 130, 133–
tián (甜) sweet;agreeable, 146 Wū (巫) witch;wizard, 140 135
Tián (田) agricultural land, 139 Wū (烏) crow;raven, 140 wǒ (我) me, 100, 101
tiáo (條) long strip, 33 wū (嗚) (onomatopoeia), 5 wǒ (我) my, 130, 133
tiáo jiàn (條件) conditions, 47 wū yā (烏鴉) crow, 36, 50, 53, 59 wǒ ài (我愛) my love, 132
tińg (停) stop, 57 wū zi (屋子) house, 38 wǒ cái (我才) I myself, 29
tińg (廷) monarch’s court, 149 wài (外) outside, 7 wǒ de (我的) my, 14, 28, 73, 124,
tińg (霆) sudden thunder, 149 wàn (萬) 104 , 117, 118 132, 133
tiān (天) day, 63, 74 Wàn (萬) ten thousand, 139 wǒ mén (我們) we, 28
tiān (天) sky, 6, 67, 73 wàn (萬) 104 , 119 wǒ men (我們) we, 47
tiān (天) the sky, 65, 66 wàng (旺) prosperous, 144 wǔ (五) five, 67, 124
tiān (添) to increase, 143 wàng (望) to watch;to hope, 147 wǔ (伍) army, 132
tiān shàng (天上) heaven, 127 wàng (王) king, 122, 123 wǔ (午) noon, 108, 110
tin̄g (聽) hear, 40 wèi (為) for, 46, 124 wǔ (摀) to cover, 89
tin̄g (聽) listen, 35, 88 Wèi (魏) lofty;stately, 139 Wǔ (武) military, 139
tin̄g dào (聽到) hear, 40 Wèi (魏) lofty;stately;mafnificent, wǔ (舞) to dance, 146
tin̄g lı̀ (聽力) listening compre- 140 wǔ dòng (舞動) to dance, 133
Wèi (魏) magnificent, 148

198 2009 May 6
wǔ yùe (五月) May , 68 xián (嫻) refined;gracious, 146 xiàn (現) to emerge, 144
wa (哇) wow, 60 xián (絃) the string of a musical xiàn zài (現在) at present, 114
instrument, 146 xiàn zài (現在) now, 69
xı́ (錫) tin, 149 xián (賢) capable;versatile, 144 xiàng (像) to resemble, 44
xı́ng róng (形容) describe, 111 xián (閒) quiet;calm, 144 Xiàng (向) to face, 140
xı́ng róng (形容) to describe, 36 xián (嫌) to detest, 92 xiàng (相) to examine;to help,
Xú (徐) slowly;gently;calmly, 139 xiáng (祥) auspicious, 144 147
Xúan (玄) far and obscure, 141 xié (協) to agree;to help, 144 xiàng (象) elephant, 56
xúe (學) study, 59, 152–154 xié lı̀ (協力) to unite efforts, 106 xiào (孝) dutiful, 149
xúe xı́ (學習) to learn, 1 xińg (行) to walk, 147 xiào (笑) to laugh, 57, 88
Xún (荀) , 141 xińg xiàng (形象) image, 61 xiào (笑) to smile, 2
xún húi (尋回) found, 130 Xióng (熊) bear, 139 Xiè (謝) to thank, 139, 149
xúe shēng (學生) student , 107 xióng (熊) bear, 79 xiè (謝) to thank, 82
xī (悉) to know, 144 xiā (瞎) blind, 130 xiı̀ng (性) property, 157, 158
xī (溪) mountain stream, 144 xiān (仙) celestial being, 3 xiǹ (信) letter, 30
xī (皙) fair,white, 144 xiān shēng (先生) mister, 122, 123 xiǹ (信) to believe, 131
xī (羲) (a legendary ruler), 149 xiāng (相) mutually, 98 xiǹg (幸) well-being, 147
xī (膝) knee, 126 xiāng (香) sweet-smelling, 146 xiǹg (興) cheerful;happy, 144
xīn qińg (心情) mood, 93 xiāng fǎn (相反) on the contrary, xiǹg yùn (幸運) fortunate, 44
xū (胥) together, 149 49 xiù (秀) brilliant; beautiful;
xū (虛) empty, 98 xiāng jiāo (香蕉) banana, 39 graceful, 146
Xū (須) must, 140 Xiāo (蕭) oxtail southern xiv̀ao (小) little, 57
xū yào (需要) need, 35 wood;respectful, 139 Xiǎn (洗) , 141
Xūan (宣) to announce, 141 xin̄ (心) heart, 98, 130, 146 xiǎng (想) think, 100
Xūe (薛) (a kind of marsh grass), xin̄ (新) new;fresh, 144 xiǎng (想) to think, 99, 100
139 xin̄ (欣) glad, 146 xiǎng (想) would like to, 52
xūn (勳) merits;honors, 144 xin̄ (欣) glad;joyful, 146 xiǎng (響) sound, 7
xı̀an xı̀ng (線性) linear, 153 xin̄ dı̀ (心地) moral character, 91 xiǎng shòu (享受) to enjoy, 110
xı̀e xı̀e (謝謝) thanks, 84, 86 xin̄ wō (心窩) heart of hearts, 133 Xiǎo (小) little, 150
xù (旭) radiance of daybreak, 144 xin̄g (星) star, 150 xiǎo (小) little, 38, 50, 59, 61
xù (續) to continue;to renew, 147 xin̄g (興) to rise;to thrive, 144 xiǎo (小) small, 98, 134
xùan (絢) bright and brilliant, xin̄g fèn (興奮) excited, 92, 102 xiǎo (曉) daybreak;dawn, 146
146 xin̄g qı́ (星期) week, 66, 67, 69 xiǎo māo (小貓) kitten, 51
xı̀ng qù (興趣) interest, 92, 103 xin̄g xin̄g (猩猩) gorilla, 58 xiǎo yā (小鴨) duckling, 34, 55,
xǐ (喜) a joyful thing, 147 xiū (咻) din, 5 122
xǐ (洗) wash, 59 xiū x́i (休息) rest, 108 xiǎo zhǐ (小指) little finger, 125
xǐ (禧) happiness;blessings, 147 xià (下) below, 2 xiňg lái (醒來) to wake up, 108
xǐ hūan (喜歡) like, 35, 39 xià (下) down, 66, 67
xǐ hūan (喜歡) to like, 94 xià (下) to form an opinion, 101 yá (涯) water’s edge, 144
xǐao (小) small, 37 xià (嚇) scared, 76, 95, 96 yá shūa (牙刷) toothbrush, 34
Xǔ (許) , 139 xià (嚇) to scare, 55, 56, 95, 96 yán (嚴) beautiful, 144
xǔ dūo (許多) much, 52 Xià (夏) summer, 139 Yán (嚴) stern;strict, 139
xǔe (雪) snow, 146 xià (夏) summer, 147 yán (妍) beautiful, 147
xiá (俠) chivalry, 144 xià wǔ (下午) after noon, 110 yán (巖) a rock, 144
xiá (峽) a gorge, 144 xiàn (現) present, 65 yán (言) speech, 89
xiá (黠) smart;clever, 144 yán sè (顏色) color, 62

Yáng (揚) to raise, 139 yōu (優) excellent;abundant, 144 yù (愈) more and more, 74
Yáng (楊) poplar, 141, 148 yōu (呦) (sound), 122 yù (欲) desire, 127
Yáo (姚) handsome, 139 yōu (呦) (sound), 122, 123 Yù (玉) precious stone, 141
yáo (瑤) precious jade, 146 yōu xián (悠閑) leisurely, 54 yù (裕) abundance;generous, 144
yı́ (一) one, 70, 99 yōu xián (悠閒) leisurely, 105 yù (譽) fame;honor, 144
Yı́ (宜) right;fitting, 141 yī (一) 1, 115–117 yù (豫) comfort;to travel, 144
yı́ (怡) harmony; jubilation, 146 yī (一) 1, 115, 119 Yù (郁) colorfully ornamented,
yı́ cı̀ (一次) once, 42, 124 yī shēng (醫生) doctor , 107 141
yı́ tiào (一條) a, 124 Yàn (晏) clear, 141 yù (愈) more and more, 74
Yóu (尤) to feel bitter, 141 yàn (雁) wild goose, 146 yù yǔ (玉宇) splendid hall, 127
yóu (游) to swim, 54 yàn wù (厭惡) to abhor, 94 yùan (願) willing, 101
Yóu (猶) similar to, 141 yàng (樣) shape, 93 yùan ỳi (願意) to be willing, 101
yóu dēng (油燈) oil lamp, 33 yào (樂) to love, 146 yùan yı̀ (願意) to wish, 35
Yú (余) I, 139 yào (耀) to shine;to dazzle, 147 yùe (嶽) a high mountain, 144
yú (愉) happy;contented, 147 yào (要) want, 39, 40, 43, 45, 52, yùe (月) moon, 127, 129
yú (愉) happy;joyful, 147 86, 99, 133, 134 yùe (月) the moon, 66, 67, 147
Yú (於) in, 141 yào (要) will, 42 Yùe (樂) music, 141
yú (瑜) perfect gem, 147 yào (要) want, 35 yùe (籥) a kind of flute, 147
yú (魚) fish, 33 Yè (葉) leaf, 139 yùe (越) more, 62
yú shı̀ (於是) thus, 48 yı̀ (一) one, 94 Yùe (越) to go beyond, 141
Yúan (元) first, 148 yı̀ (億) 108 , 118 yùn (韻) rhymes, 147
yúan (園) garden, 122 yı̀ (奕) great;grand;abundant, yǎ (雅) refined;polished, 146
yúan (圓) round, 128, 129 144 yǎn (儼) majestic;respectable, 144
yúan (援) to lead;to rescue, 144 yı̀ (屹) to rise high, 144 yǎn (眼) eye, 98, 130
Yúan (袁) the graceful look of a Yı̀ (易) to exchange, 141 yǎn (眼) eyes, 126
flowing robe, 139 yı̀ (毅) firm;endurance;fortitude, yǎng (養) raise, 122
Yúan (袁) the graceful look of a 144 yǎo (咬) bite, 125
flowing robe, 148 yı̀ (益) to increase, 144 yǎo (杳) deep and expansive, 144
yúan tóu (源頭) fountainhead, Yı̀ (義) justice, 141 yǎo le (咬了) bit, 124
135 yı̀ (翼) wings;to help, 144 yě (也) also, 59, 60, 96, 134
yā (呀) (sound), 122 yı̀ (肄) to study;to toil, 144 yě (野) wild, 61
yā (呀) (sound), 122, 123 yı̀ (藝) art;skill, 144 yě láng (野狼) wolves, 47
yān (嫣) captivating; fascinating, yı̀ (誼) friendship, 147 yǐ (已) already, 130
146 yı̀ (軼) to excel, 144 yǐ (旖) romantic; tender, 146
yāng (泱) great;profound, 144 yı̀ (億) 108 , 119 yǐn hào (引號) quotation marks,
yī (一) 1, 117, 118 yı̀ zhī (一隻) a, 73, 75 114
yī (一) one, 63, 74, 90, 124 yı̀n (廕) to shelter, 144 yǒng (勇) courageous;fearless,
Yī (伊) he;she, 141 yı̀n (蔭) shade, 144 144
yī (咿) (sound), 122 yòu (又) again, 50, 51, 124 yǒng (詠) to sing;to hum, 147
yī (咿) (sound), 122, 123 yòu (又) but, 127 yǒng gǎn (勇敢) bravery, 97
yī hǔi (一會兒) in a little while, yòu (又) again, 50 yǒng yǒu (擁有) to have, 133
66, 82 yòu hand (右手) right, 125 yǒng yǔan (永遠) always, 47
yīn (陰) overcast, 129 Yù (喻) parable;to explain, 141 yǒng yǔan (永遠) forever, 71
yō (唷) , 5 yù (域) frontier, 144 yǒu (有) have, 39, 45, 47, 92, 122,
yōng (雍) harmony;peaceful, 144 yù (愈) more, 62, 63 123, 127–129, 132

200 2009 May 6
yǒu (有) to have, 86 zùi hòu (最後) last, 77 zhī (知) know, 85
yǒu (有) have, 103 zùo (作) to do, 47 zhī (知) knowledge, 148
yǔ (宇) roof, 150 zùo (做) do, 107 Zhī (芝) , 141
Yǔ (禹) , 141 zùo (做) to do, 61, 77 zhōng (忠) faithful;devoted, 145
yǔ (羽) feather;wing, 147 zùo (作) to do, 34 Zhōng (鍾) bell, 139
yǔ (語) language, 89 Zǎi (宰) to preside, 141 zhōng (鐘) a bell, 69
yǔ (雨) rain, 147 zǎo (早) early, 55, 70 zhōng chéng (忠誠) faithfulness,
yǔ yán (語言) language, 113 zě me (怎麼) how, 59, 60, 93 97
yińg (熒) candle light, 144 zěn me (怎麼) how, 46 zhōng hòu (忠厚) honest and
yińg (盈) to fill, 147 zǐ jù (子句) clause, 47 kind, 97
yińg (贏) to win, 144 zǒng shı̀ (總是) always, 99 zhōng wén (中文) Chinese Lan-
yin̄ (殷) flourishing, 144 zǒu (走) to walk, 82 guage, 1
yin̄ (音) sound; musical note, 146 zǒu (走) walk, 76 zhōng yú (終於) finally, 79, 110
yin̄ wèi (因為) because, 124 Zǔ (祖) grandfather;grandmother, zhōng yāng (中央) middle, 64
yin̄g (櫻) cherry;cherry blos- 141 Zhōu (周) , 150
soms, 146 zǔ hé (組合) combination, 152 Zhōu (周) Zhou Dynasty, 139
yin̄g (瑛) glitter of jade, 146 zǔi (嘴) mouth, 88 Zhū (朱) bright red, 139
Yin̄g (英) a flower, 141 zǔi bā (嘴巴) mouth, 89 zhū (朱) bright red, 128
yin̄g gāi (應該) should, 61 zǔo (佐) to assist, 147 zhū (珠) pearl, 147
yin̄g yǒu (應有) deserved, 128 zháo (著) , 108 zhūa (抓) grabbed, 41
yin̄g yǔ (英語) English, 83, 89 zhé (哲) a thinker;wise, 144 Zhūang (莊) solemn, 141
Yiň (尹) to govern, 139 zhı́ (值) value, 153 zhūo le (捉了) caught, 124
yiňg (穎) outstand- Zhā (查) , 141 zhūo nòng (捉弄) to play a joke
ing;remarkable, 147 Zhān (詹) verbosity, 141 on, 61
yiňg zi (影子) shadow, 58 Zhāng (張) to spread, 139 zhàn (佔) to seize, 98, 99
zhāng (張) to spread, 33 Zhàn (戰) war, 141
zé (則) as for him, 29 zhāng (璋) an ancient jade orna- Zhàn (湛) deep;profound, 141
zúo (昨) yesterday, 66 ment, 144 zhàn (站) to stand, 64
zēng (增) to increase, 144 zhāng (璋) jade tablet, 148 zhào (照) illuminate, 128
Zēng (曾) (a 4th generation rela- Zhāng (章) a piece of writing, 141 zhào (照) to shine upon, 147
tionship), 139 zhāng wàng (張望) to look Zhào (趙) , 149
Zēng (曾) 3 generation differ- around, 34, 36 Zhào (趙) (an ancient feudal
ence, 141 zhāng yú (章魚) octopus, 38 state), 139
Zōng (宗) ancestor, 141 zhāo (昭) clear, 148 zhè (這) this, 7, 42, 66, 77
Zōu (鄒) , 139 zhāo (朝) morning, 144 zhè ge (這個) this, 110
zài (再) further, 60 zhāo hū (招呼) call, 81 zhè lǐ (這裡) here, 101, 122
zài (在) at, 7, 54, 64, 122, 123, 128, zhēn (珍) precious; rare, 147 zhè me (這麼) like this, 47, 74
133 zhēn (甄) potter’s wheel, 147 zhè yàng (這樣) like this, 77
zài (在) to exist, 65 zhēn (真) real, 42 zhèng (正) in the process of, 73,
zài jiàn (再見) good bye, 81 zhēn (真) really, 61 75
zàn (贊) to assist;to support, 144 zhēn (真) true, 131 zhèng (正) proper, 145
zh̀i (置) to place at, 112 zhēn (貞) chasity; pure, 147 Zhèng (鄭) solemn, 139, 149
zı̀ fǎn (自反) reflexive, 157 zhēng (崢) lofty;outstanding, 144 Zhı̀ (摯) sincere, 141
zı̀ hùi (字彙) vocabulary, 113 zhī (之) of, 131 Zhı̀ (智) capable;wisdom, 141
zı̀ mǔ (字母) alphabet, 113 zhī (之) to arrive at, 149 zhı̀ (陟) to ascend, 145
zùi (罪) guilt, 130

zhòng yin̄ (重音) stress/accent, zhǎn (盞) small cup, 33 zhǔan yǎn (轉眼) in the twin-
113 zhǎo (爪) claw/talon, 2 kling of an eye, 70
zhù (住) to cease, 89 zhǎo dào (找到) to find, 43 zhǔn śhi (準時) on time, 70
zhù (助) to help, 145 zhěn tóu (枕頭) pillow, 7 zhe (著) (adv. part.), 35
zhù yin̄ (注音) zhuyin, 17 zhěng (拯) to save;to deliver, 145 zhe (著) (adverbial particle), 6
zhèn diǹg (鎮定) calm, 92, 102 zhǐ yào (只要) provided that, 48 zhe (著) (adv. particle), 133, 134
zhǎi (窄) narrow, 37 zhǔ ỳi (主意) idea, 61 zi (子) son, 7
zhǎn (嶄) towering, 144 zhǔan (轉) revolve, 128

202 2009 May 6
ENGLISH WORD INDEX
104 萬 (wàn), 117–119 (adv. part.) 著 (zhe), 35 (onomatopoeia) 喔 (ō), 5

108 億 (yı̀), 118, 119 (adv. particle) 著 (zhe), 133, 134 (onomatopoeia) 嗚 (wū), 5
’s (possesses) 的 (de), 53 (adverbial particle) 著 (zhe), 6 (onomatopoeia) 嗡 (wēng), 5
’s 的 (de), 6, 53, 54, 56–59, 72, 73, (an ancient feudal state) 趙 (onomatopoeia) 嗶 (bı̀), 4
99, 125, 132 (Zhào), 139 (onomatopoeia) 嘎 (gā), 4
’twas 如此 (rú cǐ), 130 (an ancient place) 郝 (Hǎo), 138 (onomatopoeia) 嘟 (dū), 4
(’s) 的 (de), 7, 28, 61, 62, 64, 77 (ancient musical instrument) 阮 (onomatopoeia) 嘩 (hūa), 4
(?) 嗎 (ma), 45–47, 82, 86, 89, 93 (Rǔan), 140 (onomatopoeia) 嘶 (s̄i), 5
(“gǔ=merchant) 賈 (Jiǎ), 138 (change of state) 了 (le), 6, 7 (onomatopoeia) 噗 (pū), 5
(a 4th generation relationship) 曾 (complimentary verb) (), 41 (onomatopoeia) 噹 (dāng), 4
(Zēng), 139 (either) 不是 (bú shı̀), 51 (onomatopoeia) 嚄 (hùo), 4
(a change of state 了 (le), 71 (family name) 柯 (kē), 3 (onomatopoeia) 砰 (pēng), 5
(a change of state) 了 (le), 77 (for questions) 麼 (ma), 16 (or) 就是 (jiù shı̀), 51
(a jade tablet) 圭 (gūi), 142 (for suggestions) 吧 (ba), 16 (quantifier) 個 (ge), 16, 31
(a kind of jade tablet) 琬 (wǎn), (indicates a change of state) 了 (quantifier) 朵 (dǔo), 30
147 (le), 82 (quantifier) 棵 (kē), 32
(a kind of marsh grass) 薛 (Xūe), (initial verb) (), 41 (quantifier) 輛 (liàng), 32
139 (onomatopoeia) 乒 (pin̄g), 5 (question) 嗎 (ma), 100
(a legendary ruler) 羲 (xī), 149 (onomatopoeia) 呱 (gūa), 4 (sound) 呀 (yā), 122, 123
(a particle) 吧 (bā), 4 (onomatopoeia) 咚 (dōng), 4 (sound) 呦 (yōu), 122, 123
(a particle) 哇 (wā), 5 (onomatopoeia) 咩 (miē), 5 (sound) 咿 (yī), 122, 123
(a plural particle) 曹 (Cáo), 138 (onomatopoeia) 哎 (āi), 3 (to the extent of) 得 (de), 54, 95
(a sound) 呢 (ne), 29 (onomatopoeia) 哞 (móu), 5 (to the extent that) 得 (de), 54, 55,
(a sound) 呵 (hē), 57 (onomatopoeia) 啊 (ā), 3 60, 76, 95, 96
(a sound) 喔 (o), 133 (onomatopoeia) 啦 (la), 5 “gurgle 咕嚕 (gū lū), 6, 56
(adj) 的 (de), 46 (onomatopoeia) 啪 (pā), 5 “hi” 嗨 (hāi), 4
203
English Word Index Daniel J. Greenhoe (柯晨光)
“meow 喵 (miāo), 5 廖 (Liào), 138 a grade 班 (Bān), 139

0 零 (lı́ng ), 115, 119 彭 (Péng), 138 a high mountain 嶽 (yùe), 144
1 一 (yī), 117, 118 把 (bǎ), 7, 42, 53, 87, 124 a joyful thing 喜 (xǐ), 147
1 一 (yī ), 115–117, 119 查 (Zhā), 141 a kind of flute 籥 (yùe), 147
10 十 (śhi), 69 桂 (Gùi), 140 a large bell 鐸 (Dúo), 139
10 十 (sh́i), 115, 116, 119 楚 (Chǔ), 139 a large turtle 蔡 (Cài), 138
10 十 (shı́), 116–118 段 (Dùan), 148 a ligature 連字 (lı́an zı̀), 114
100 百 (bǎi), 117–119 沈 (Shěn), 138 a lookout;an observatory 臺
1000 千 (qiān), 117–119 洗 (Xiǎn), 141 (Tái), 140
2 二 (er̀), 69 狄 (Dı́), 139 a mark 號 (hào), 114
2 二 (er̀ ), 115–117, 119 的 (de), 125 a matter 事情 (s̀hi qińg), 31
2 二 (liăng), 117, 118 禹 (Yǔ), 141 a moment ago 剛才 (gāng cái), 66
3 三 (sān), 69, 117, 118 聶 (Niè), 140 a name 名字 (mińg zı̀), 83
3 三 (sān), 115–117, 119 芝 (Zhī), 141 a piece of writing 章 (Zhāng), 141
3 generation difference 曾范 (Fàn), 149 a place 處 (chù), 133
(Zēng), 141 荀 (Xún), 141 a play 劇 (jù), 47
4 五 (sı̀ ), 116 著 (zháo), 108 a port 港 (gǎng), 137, 150
4 四 (sı̀), 117, 118 葛 (Gě), 140 a rock 巖 (yán), 144
4 四 (sı̀ ), 115–117, 119 蔣 (Jiǎng), 138, 149 a section 段 (Dùan), 138
5 五 (wŭ ), 115–117, 119 蘇 (Sū), 139 a species of willow 杞 (qǐ), 143
5 四 (wŭ ), 116 許 (Xǔ), 139 a sprout 苗 (Miáo), 140
6 五 (lı̀u), 116 趙 (Zhào), 149 a support 梧 (wú), 144
6 六 (lı̀u), 115–117, 119 邵 (Shào), 138 a teacher 傅 (Fù), 138
7 七 (qī ), 115, 117, 119 鄒 (Zōu), 139 a thinker;wise 哲 (zhé), 144
7 六 (qī ), 116 鄧 (Dèng), 138, 150 a time 番 (fān), 78, 79
8 八 (bā ), 115–117, 119 鄭 (Chéng), 149 a very strong wind 狂風 (kuáng
9 九 (jĭu), 115–117, 119 陳 (Chén), 150 fēng), 71
馮 (Féng), 138, 139, 148 a view 景 (jiňg), 150
(), 50–52 a well 井 (jiňg), 142
. . . (), 72, 75 a 一條 (yı́ tiào), 124 a year 年 (nián), 66
丁 (Din̄g), 138 a 一隻 (yı̀ zhī), 73, 75 a year of age 歲 (sùi), 83
了 (le), 39, 40, 44, 52, 72, 75, 85, a 個 (ge), 66, 67, 108, 110 abalone 鮑 (Bào), 139
94, 109, 124 a beauty 黛 (dài), 145 able 會 (hùi), 83, 89, 90, 135
任 (Rén), 138 a bell 鐘 (zhōng), 69 above 上 (shàng), 2
何 (Hé), 138 a burst 一陣 (ýi zhèn), 71 absolutely 絕對 (júe dùi), 134
吧 (ba), 87 a cause 因素 (ȳin sù), 132 abundance 沛 (pèi), 143
吳 (Wú), 139, 150 a composition;culture 文 (wén), abundance;generous 裕 (yù), 144
呀 (a), 60 147 abundant 豐 (fēng), 142
呂 (Lv̌), 138 a count (nobility) 伯 (bó), 141 abundant 饒 (ráo), 143
呢 (ne), 52, 82 a dot 點 (diǎn), 69 abundant;rich 盛 (shèng), 143
周 (Zhōu), 150 a flood 洪 (Hóng), 138 achoo 哈啾 (hā jiū), 6
唷 (yō), 5 a flower 英 (Yin̄g), 141 add 加 (jīa ), 154
單 (Shàn), 140 a form of music; beautiful, har- addition 加法 (jīa fǎ), 154
嗎 (ma), 83 monious 韶 (sháo), 146 adjective, 36
埕 (Chéng), 138 a fragrant plant 芭 (bā), 145 adverb 副詞 (fù cı́), 111
宋 (Sòng), 139 a gorge 峽 (xiá), 144

204 2009 May 6
Daniel J. Greenhoe (柯晨光) English Word Index
affairs 事 (shı̀), 129 are 是 (s̀hi), 132, 133, 135 146

afraid 害怕 (hài pà), 92, 102 arithmetic 計算 (jı̀ sùan), 151 beaver 海狸 (hǎi lı́), 75
after noon 下午 (xià wǔ), 110 army 伍 (wǔ), 132 because 因為 (yin̄ wèi), 124
again 又 (yòu), 50, 51, 124 arrive late 遲到 (chı́ dào), 70 become 變 (biàn), 153
agricultural land 田 (Tián), 139 art;skill 藝 (yı̀), 144 bed 床 (chúang), 33
air 氣 (q̀i), 92 article 冠詞 (gùan cı́), 112 bee 范 (Fàn), 138
air 氣 (qı̀), 94 as 如 (rú), 64 before 前 (qián), 130
alarm clock 鬧鐘 (nào zhōng), 60 as 既 (jı̀), 131 beggar 乞丐 (qǐ gài), 72
alas 唉 (āi), 94 as for him 則 (zé), 29 behind 後 (hòu), 70
alert 機 (jī), 99 as regards 對 (dùi), 51 behind 背後 (bèi hòu), 133
all 凡 (fán), 99 as soon as possible 儘早 (jiň zǎo), bell 鍾 (Zhōng), 139
all 都 (dōu), 47, 49, 57, 58, 60, 73, 70 below 下 (xià), 2
99, 123, 134 as sooon as possible 儘早 (jiň benevolence;kindness 仁 (rén),
all out 好好 (hǎo hǎo), 52 zǎo), 87 143
all the way 一路 (ýi lù), 134 ask 問 (wèn), 127 bewildered 困惑 (kùn hùo), 134
almost 幾乎 (jī hū), 37, 38 at 在 (zài), 7, 54, 64, 122, 123, 128, beyond understanding, 54, 95
almost 快 (kuài), 60 133 big 大 (dà), 37, 66, 106
almost 擠 (jǐ), 60 at present 現在 (xiàn zài), 114 Bin-Bin 彬彬 (bin̄ bin̄), 6
alphabet 字母 (zı̀ mǔ), 113 August 八月 (bā yùe), 68 bird cage 樊 (Fán), 139
already 已 (yǐ), 130 auspicious 瑞 (rùi), 148 bit 咬了 (yǎo le), 124
also 也 (yě), 59, 60, 96, 134 auspicious 祥 (xiáng), 144 bite 咬 (yǎo), 125
although 雖然 (sūi rán), 48 autumn 秋 (qiū), 149 black 盧 (Lú), 138
altogether 共 (gòng), 154 award 賞賜 (shǎng cı̀), 52 black 黑 (hēi), 58, 73
always 從來 (cóng lái), 74 awkward 拘束 (jū shù), 133 blind 瞎 (xiā), 130
always 永遠 (yǒng yǔan), 47 blue 青 (qin̄g), 149
always 總是 (zǒng shı̀), 99 baby’s cry 呱呱 (gū gū), 122, 123 blue sky 青天 (qin̄g tiān), 127
always 老是 (lǎo s̀hi), 14 bad 壞 (hùai), 61 body 身 (shēn), 55, 62, 95
always 長向 (cháng xiàng), 128 bad 壞 (huài), 47 bold;fierce 猛 (Měng), 141
amiable;pleasant 婉 (wǎn), 146 ball 求 (qiú), 41 bone 骨 (gǔ), 64
an ancient jade ornament 璋 ball 球 (qiú), 32 book 書 (shū), 30
(zhāng), 144 banana 香蕉 (xiāng jiāo), 39 bored 無聊 (wú liáo), 92, 102
analyze 分析 (fēn xī), 151–153 bandits 寇 (Kòu), 140 boss 老板 (lǎo bǎn ), 107
ancestor 宗 (Zōng), 141 barge 舸 (gě), 16 branch 樹支 (shù z̄hi), 31
ancient 古 (Gǔ), 140 bear 熊 (Xióng), 139 brave 虎 (hǔ), 142
ancient 古 (gǔ), 129 bear 熊 (xióng), 79 bravery 勇敢 (yǒng gǎn), 97
and 和 (hé), 126 beat 打 (dǎ), 51, 81 bridge 梁 (Liáng), 138
and 和 (hàn), 48, 110, 135 beat 撲 (pū), 154 brief 簡 (Jiǎn), 140
and 而且 (eŕ qiě), 73 beautiful 佳 (jiā), 145 brief moment 片刻 (piàn kè), 110
and even 連 (lián), 57, 58 beautiful 嚴 (yán), 144 bright 亮 (liàng), 6, 143
angry 生氣 (shēng qı̀), 85, 92, 102 beautiful 妍 (yán), 147 bright 明 (mińg), 66, 127, 148
anxious 焦急 (jiāo jı́), 53 beautiful 綺 (qǐ), 128 bright 朗 (lǎng), 149
apart 離 (lı́), 128 beautiful 美 (měi), 146 bright and brilliant 燦 (càn), 142
apologize 抱歉 (bào qiàn), 85 beautiful 麗 (lı̀), 146, 150 bright and brilliant 絢 (xùan),
appear, 93 beautiful jade 琳 (liń), 150 146
April 四月 (sı̀ yùe), 68 beautiful lady 姬 (jī), 145 bright red 朱 (Zhū), 139
beautiful; resplendent 綺 (qǐ),

bright red 朱 (zhū), 128 Chinese 國語 (gúo yǔ), 89, 90 concubine 妃 (fēi), 148
bright;brilliant 明 (miı́ng), 143 Chinese 漢語 (hàn yǔ), 15 conditions 條件 (tiáo jiàn), 47
bright;luminous 炳 (biňg), 141 Chinese Language 中文 (zhōng confused 糊塗 (hú tú), 132
brightness 炯 (jiǒng), 142 wén), 1 conscientious 認真 (rèn zhēn),
brilliant; beautiful; graceful 秀 chirping sound 啾 (jiū), 4 106
(xiù), 146 chivalry 俠 (xiá), 144 continuous heavy rain 霖 (liń),
building 樓 (lóu), 127, 133 chopsticks 筷子 (kùai zi), 34 143
building blocks 積木 (jī mù), 32 chunk 塊 (kuài), 32, 122, 123 contrary 反 (fǎn), 158
businessman 商人 (shāng rén ), clause 子句 (zǐ jù), 47 cordial 親切 (qin̄ qiè), 84
107 claw/talon 爪 (zhǎo), 2 correct 對 (dùi), 77
busy 忙 (máng), 106 clean 乾淨 (gān jiǹg), 59 cottage 木屋 (mù wū), 30
but 卻 (qùe), 43, 44 clean and pure 梵 (fàn), 147 couch grass 茅 (Máo), 141
but 又 (yòu), 127 clean and white 琅 (láng), 143 country 國 (Gúo), 148
but 可是 (kě s̀hi), 59, 60 clear 昭 (zhāo), 148 courageous;fearless 勇 (yǒng),
but also 而且 (eŕ qǐe), 52 clear 晏 (Yàn), 141 144
butterfly 蝴蝶 (hú dié), 34 clear 晴 (qińg), 129 courtesy 禮 (lǐ), 143
by 被 (bèi), 75 clear 清楚 (qin̄g chǔ), 132 cow 母牛 (mǔ niú), 64
clever 靈 (lińg), 99 cow 牛 (niú), 6, 33, 56
call 招呼 (zhāo hū), 81 climb 爬 (pá), 58 cow 黃牛 (huáng niú), 54
called 叫 (jiào), 83 close 親 (qin̄), 98 craft;ability 倆 (liǎng), 145
calm 鎮定 (zhèn diǹg), 92, 102 clothing button 鈕扣 (niǔ kòu), craftsman 匠 (jiàng), 145
can 可以 (kě y̌i), 110 32 creeping plant 蘿 (lúo), 31
can’t stand it, 56 clouds 曇 (tán), 146 crooked 宛 (Wǎn), 140
candle light 熒 (yińg), 144 cold 冷 (lěng), 51 crow 烏鴉 (wū yā), 36, 50, 53, 59
cannot refrain 不禁 (bù jin̄), 57 cold 寒 (hán), 128 crow;raven 烏 (Wū), 140
capable;versatile 賢 (xián), 144 cold sweat 冷汗 (lěng hàn), 96 crowd 人群 (rén qún), 99, 133
capable;wisdom 智 (Zhı̀), 141 color 顏色 (yán sè), 62 cry of hunger 嗷 (aó), 3
captivating; fascinating 嫣 (yān), colorfully ornamented 郁 (Yù), curious 好奇 (hào qı́), 97
146 141 cutting edge of a sword 鋒 (fēng),
car 汽車 (q̀i chē), 32 comb 梳子 (shū zi), 30 149
carrot, 31 combination 組合 (zǔ hé), 152 cypress 柏 (Bó), 150
castle 城堡 (chéng bǎo), 42 come 來 (lái), 100, 101
cat 貓 (māo), 41 comfort 安慰 (an̄ wèi), 130 dad 爸 (bà), 16
caught 捉了 (zhūo le), 124 comfort;to travel 豫 (yù), 144 dad 爸爸 (bà ba), 29, 51, 110
cautious;prudent 慎 (shèn), 143 coming 未來 (wèi lái), 114 dark 暗 (aǹ), 38
celestial being 仙 (xiān), 3 common;normal 常 (Cháng), 138 day 天 (tiān), 63, 74
charming 佼 (jiǎo), 142 company 公司 (gōng s̄i), 31 day after tomorrow 後天 (hòu
chasity; pure 貞 (zhēn), 147 compile statistics 統計 (tǒng jı̀), tiān), 66
checks 格 (gé), 16 153 day before yesterday 前天 (qián
cheerful 歡 (hūan), 128 completed;accomplished 成 tiān), 66
cheerful;happy 興 (xiǹg), 144 (Chéng), 139 daybreak 旦 (dàn), 145
cherry;cherry blossoms 櫻 completely 全 (qúan), 129 daybreak;dawn 曉 (xiǎo), 146
(yin̄g), 146 completely 都 (dōu), 96 December 十二月 (śhi èr yùe), 68
chestnut tree 栗 (Lı̀), 140 completeness 備 (bèi), 141 deep 泓 (hóng), 142
chicken 雞 (jī), 53 computer 電腦 (diàn nǎo), 33 deep and expansive 杳 (yǎo), 144
child 童 (Tóng), 140 deep water;profound 潭 (tán),

206 2009 May 6
144 dragon 龍 (lóng), 150 English 英語 (yin̄g yǔ), 83, 89

deep waters 澳 (aò), 141 drank 喝 (hē), 59 entire 全 (qúan), 55, 95
deep;profound 湛 (Zhàn), 141 drank 喝了 (hē le), 53 entire body 渾身 (hún shēn), 55
deficient 缺 (qūe), 129 dread 恐 (kǒng), 127 entirely 並 (biǹg), 43, 44
dejected 嗒 (tà), 5 dream 夢 (mèng), 147 equal 等於 (děng yú), 154
delicate 嬌 (jiāo), 145 drink 喝 (hē), 35 equal 齊 (Qı́), 140
delicate;graceful 嬝 (niǎo), 146 drop 點 (diǎn), 90 equal to 匹 (p̄i), 32
delicately beautiful;graceful 曼 duckling 小鴨 (xiǎo yā), 34, 55, equation 方程 (fāng chéng), 152,
(màn), 146 122 153
delicious 甘 (Gān), 140 dull 魯 (Lǔ), 140 Europe 歐洲 (oū zhōu), 40
depressed 沮喪 (jǔ sàng), 92, 102 duration 久 (jiǔ), 60 even 連 (lián), 96
describe 形容 (xı́ng róng), 111 duration of time 久 (jǐu), 71 even if 就算 (jiù sùan), 134
deserved 應有 (yin̄g yǒu), 128 dutiful 孝 (xiào), 149 everywhere 到處 (dào chù), 123
desire 欲 (yù), 127 evil 惡 (è), 47
desk 書桌 (shū zhūo), 33 each 各 (gè), 16 exactly 剛 (gāng), 101
determination 決心 (júe xīn), 97 each other 彼此 (bǐ či), 85 excellent 令 (liǹg), 143
determination 決心 (júe xin̄), 101 eager 怦 (pēng), 143 excellent 佳 (jiā), 147
differential 微分 (wéi fēn), 152, ear 耳 (eř), 126 excellent;abundant 優 (yōu), 144
153 early 很 (hěn), 55, 70 excited 興奮 (xin̄g fèn), 92, 102
difficult 難 (nán), 129 early 早 (zǎo), 55, 70 excuse me 請問 (qiňg wèn), 46
dignity;authority;awe 威 (wēi), early morning 清晨 (qin̄g chén), exhaust 盡 (jiǹ), 109
144 68 exhausted 疲憊 (ṕi bèi), 109
diligent 勤勞 (qı́n láo), 97 early morning sun light 晨光 exhausted 盡 (jiǹ), 99, 109
diligent 勤勞 (qiń láo), 105 (chén guāng), 3 exhausting 吃力 (c̄hi lı̀), 63, 74
diligent 勤奮 (qiń fèn), 105 earth 地 (dı̀), 88, 122, 123 expediture 費 (Fèi), 139
diligent;industrious 勤 (qiń), 143 eat 吃 (chī), 35, 39, 45 extensive;abundant 博 (bó), 142
din 咻 (xiū), 5 eaten 吃過 (chī gùo), 39 extensive;vast 淼 (miǎo), 143
discouraged 灰心 (hūi xīn), 92, edible roots 蔔 (bo), 31 extent 程度 (chéng dù), 132
102 eight 八 (bā), 16, 72, 88, 124 extremely 太 (tài), 82
disorder 亂 (lùan), 100 either or , 51 extremely angry 氣極 (q̀i jı́), 92
dispersed 離散 (lı́ sàn), 152 elder brother 哥哥 (gē ge), 77 exuberant 茂 (mào), 143
divide 除 (chú ), 154 elder brother 昆 (kūn), 143 exuberant;amiable 藹 (aǐ), 147
division 除法 (chú fǎ), 154 eldest child 孟 (Mèng), 138 eye 眼 (yǎn), 98, 130
do 做 (zùo), 107 elegant;beautiful 斐 (Fěi), 139 eyebrows 眉 (Méi), 140
do desparately 拼命 (pin̄ miǹg), elephant 大象 (dà xiàng), 33, 34 eyes 眼 (yǎn), 126
58, 59 elephant 象 (xiàng), 56
doctor 醫生 (yī shēng), 107 elevator 電梯 (diàn tī), 133 fabulous;a kind of jasper 瑰
document 件 (jiàn), 31 embarrased 尷尬 (gān gà), 92 (gūi), 145
don’t 不要 (bú yào), 85 empty 虛 (xū), 98 face 臉 (liǎn), 106
don’t 別 (bié), 85 endlessly 不休 (bù xiū), 134 face 面目 (miàn mù), 42
door 戶 (hù), 31, 128 endlessly vast 渺 (miǎo), 143 face to face 面 (miàn), 32
door 門 (Mén), 140 endurance 耐力 (nài lı̀), 97 facial expression 表情 (biǎo
door 門 (mén), 7 enemy 仇 (Chóu), 139 qińg), 94
down 下 (xià), 66, 67 energy 精 (jin̄g), 109 facing 對 (dùi), 84, 100, 101
dragon 龍 (Lóng), 138 engineering 工程 (gōng chéng), fail to perform the action ex-
107 pressed by the verb , 41

failed to enter, 42 flower bud 蓓 (bèi), 145 gift 禮物 (lǐ wù), 31

failed to grab, 41 flower garden 花園 (hūa yúan), gifted person 才 (cái), 147
failed to hit, 41 33 ginger 姜 (Jiāng), 138
fair,white 皙 (xī), 144 footstep 腳步 (jiǎo bù), 132 glad 欣 (xin̄), 146
faithful;devoted 忠 (zhōng), 145 for 對 (dùi), 134 glad 高興 (gāo xiǹg), 54, 84, 91,
faithfulness 忠誠 (zhōng chéng), for 為 (wèi), 46, 124 95
97 forest 林 (Liń), 138 glad;joyful 欣 (xin̄), 146
falling of snow and rain 霏 (fēi), forest 林 (liń), 3 glare at 瞪著 (dèng zhe), 35
147 forever 永遠 (yǒng yǔan), 71 glitter of jade 瑛 (yin̄g), 146
fame;honor 譽 (yù), 144 form 式 (sh̀i), 114 glorious 錦 (jǐn), 147
far and obscure 玄 (Xúan), 141 fortunate 幸運 (xiǹg yùn), 44 glory;honor 榮 (róng), 143
fat 胖 (pàng), 60 found 尋回 (xún húi), 130 glowing 融 (róng), 143
father 翁 (Wēng), 140 fountainhead 源頭 (yúan tóu), go 去 (qù), 40
faults 錯 (cùo), 82 135 go back to 歸去 (gūi qù), 127
feather;wing 羽 (yǔ), 147 four 四 (sı̀), 124 goat 山羊 (shān yáng), 57
February 二月 (er̀ yùe), 68 four 四 (sı̀ ), 67 gold 今幣 (jin̄ bı̀), 52
feel 覺得 (júe dé), 93 fragrance;perfume 芬 (fēn), 145 gold 金 (Jīn), 138
feelings; love 情 (qińg), 146 fragrant 菲 (fēi), 145 good 好 (hǎo), 3, 38, 61, 81, 82, 85,
fence 韓 (Hán), 138 fragrant fragrance 馥 (fù), 145 93, 145
fiery 烈 (liè), 143 fragrant orchid 蕙 (hùi), 145 good bye 再見 (zài jiàn), 81
finally 終於 (zhōng yú), 79, 110 fragrant;virtuous 芳 (fāng), 145 good deeds 好事 (hǎo s̀hi), 61
fine jade 瓊 (qióng), 146 freely flowing 暢通 (chàng tōng), good fortune;a blessing 福 (fú),
fine;desirable 良 (liáng), 143 134 142
fine;fair 晴 (qińg), 146 friendly;to befriend 睦 (mù), 143 good night 晚安 (wǎn an̄), 82
finger 手指 (shǒu zhǐ), 124, 125 friendship 誼 (yı̀), 147 good-looking 丰 (fēng), 147
finger tip, 124, 125 from 從 (cóng), 36, 49 good;beautiful 娥 (é), 145
fire 火 (hǔo), 142 from now on 從此 (cóng cǐ), 70 good;virtuous 善 (shàn), 143
firewood 柴 (chái), 64 from time to time 不時 (bù śhi), gorilla 猩猩 (xin̄g xin̄g), 58
firm;endurance;fortitude 毅 (yı̀), 71 government official 官 (Gūan),
144 front 前 (qián), 112 140
first 元 (Yúan), 148 front door 大門 (dà mén), 50 grabbed 抓 (zhūa), 41
first 初 (chū), 131 frontier 域 (yù), 144 grace 恩典 (en̄ diǎn), 130
first month of a season 孟 full 充滿 (chōng mǎn), 134 grace;kindness 恩 (en̄), 147
(mèng), 149 full 滿 (mǎn), 106 graceful 娟 (jūan), 146
fish 魚 (yú), 33 full 飽 (bǎo), 39, 108, 109 graceful 曼 (màn), 149
five 五 (wǔ ), 67 full of oneself 得意 (dé yı̀), 98 graceful;elegant 婀 (ē), 145
five 五 (wǔ), 124 full;plentiful 滿 (mǎn), 143 graceful;ladylike 嬋 (chán), 145
fix eyes on 盯 (din̄g), 35 function 函數 (hán shù), 153, 154 gradually 漸漸 (jiàn jiàn), 99
flood 洪 (hóng), 148 function 泛函 (fàn hán), 152 grammar 文法 (wén fǎ), 113
flourishing 殷 (yin̄), 144 further 再 (zài), 60 grammar 文法 (wén fǎ), 111
flourishing;lush 蓊 (wěng), 147 furthermore 而且 (eŕ qiě), 43 grandchild;descendent 孫 (Sūn),
flower 朵 (dúo), 145 139
flower 花 (Hūa), 140 garbage talk 廢話 (fèi hùa), 88 grandfather;grandmother 祖
flower 花 (hūa), 30 garden 園 (yúan), 122 (Zǔ), 141
flower 花朵 (hūa dǔo), 132, 133 generation 世 (shı̀), 148 granule 粒 (lı̀), 32
geometry 幾何 (jǐ hé), 152

208 2009 May 6
graph theory 圖論 (tú lùn), 152 heart of hearts 心窩 (xin̄ wō), 133 I 我 (wǒ), 14, 28, 35, 36, 39, 42, 43,
great;grand;abundant 奕 (yı̀), heartbroken 傷心 (shāng xin̄), 92 52, 56, 61, 73, 75, 82, 83, 85, 90, 93,
144 heaven 天上 (tiān shàng), 127 100, 107, 124, 125, 127, 130, 133–
great;large 碩 (shùo), 143 her 她 (tā), 61 135
great;profound 泱 (yāng), 144 her 她的 (tā de), 28 I like my always (lǎo s̀hi)., 14
great;wide;vast 溥 (Pǔ), 140 here 這裡 (zhè lǐ), 101, 122 I like my teacher (lǎo s̄hi)., 14
great;wonderful 傀 (gūi), 142 high 高 (gāo), 62, 128 I love my horse (mǎ)., 14
greedy 貪婪 (tān lán), 53 high and steep 催 (Cūi), 138 I love my mother (mā)., 14
green 綠色 (lv̀ sè), 46 high-placed 貴 (gùi), 142 I myself 我才 (wǒ cái), 29
greeting, 81 high;tall 高 (Gāo), 138 ice 冰 (bin̄g), 149
grey 灰 (hūi), 106 hill 邱 (Qiū), 138 idea 主意 (zhǔ ỳi), 61
guest 客 (kè), 143 him 他 (tā), 43 if 如果 (rú gǔo), 48
guilt 罪 (zùi), 130 his 他的 (tā de), 28, 42 if only 但願 (dàn yùan), 129
history 史 (Shǐ), 139 illuminate 照 (zhào), 128
had better 還是 (hái shı̀), 87 hit 打 (dǎ), 41 image 形象 (xińg xiàng), 61
hair 毛 (Máo), 138 hold a wine glass 把酒 (bǎ jiǔ), immediately 立刻 (lı̀ kè), 56, 96
hand 手 (shǒu), 29 127 imperial palace 宮闕 (gōng qūe),
handle 把 (bǎ), 16, 30 hole 孔 (Kǒng), 138 127
handsome 姚 (Yáo), 139 hole 洞 (dòng), 36 in 於 (Yú), 141
hang down 低 (dī), 128 home 家 (jiā), 36, 49, 73, 78 in a flurry 慌亂 (huāng luàn), 70
happiness 快樂 (kùai lè), 135 honest 老實 (lǎo shı́), 97 in a little while 一會兒 (yī hǔi),
happiness;blessings 禧 (xǐ), 147 honest 諒 (liàng), 143 66, 82
happy 快樂 (kùai lè), 74 honest and kind 忠厚 (zhōng in a short while 一下 (ýi xià), 7
happy 快樂 (kuài lè), 91, 93, 102 hòu), 97 in fact 其實 (qı́ shı́), 48
happy 樂 (lè), 147 honest;to deepen 敦 (dūn), 142 in someone’s presence 當面
happy;contented 愉 (yú), 147 honey 蜜 (mı̀), 146 (dāng miàn), 52
happy;joyful 愉 (yú), 147 horse 馬 (Mǎ), 138 in the past 過去 (gùo qù), 114
harmony 和 (hé), 142 horse 馬 (mǎ), 14, 16, 32, 82 in the process of 正 (zhèng), 73,
harmony; jubilation 怡 (yı́), 146 hot water;soup 湯 (Tāng), 140 75
harmony;peaceful 雍 (yōng), 144 house 屋子 (wū zi), 38 in the twinkling of an eye 轉眼
hat 帽子 (mào zi), 73 house 房 (Fáng), 139 (zhǔan yǎn), 70
hate 恨 (hèn), 128 house 房子 (fáng zi), 31 indiscriminate talk 亂話 (lùan
have 有 (yǒu), 39, 45, 47, 92, 103, household 人家 (rén jiā), 31 hùa), 88
122, 123, 127–129, 132 household 家 (jiā), 31 injured 受傷 (shòu shāng), 77
have been 被 (bèi), 130 how 何等 (hé děng), 130, 131 inner-product 內積 (nèi jī), 155
he 他 (tā), 7, 28, 40, 73, 76, 77, 83, how 怎麼 (zě me), 59, 60, 93 inside 裡 (lǐ), 36, 49, 54, 122
87, 96, 99, 122, 124, 125 how 怎麼 (zěn me), 46 inside 裡面 (lǐ miàn), 38
he;she 伊 (Yī), 141 how many 幾 (jǐ), 69, 83 insincerity 假意 (jǐa yı̀), 98
head 頭 (tóu), 7, 33, 36, 49, 64, humble 謙 (qiān), 143 instead 反而 (fǎn eŕ), 43
106, 108, 124–126 humble 謙虛 (qiān xū), 97 instructor 師 (sh̄i), 107
health 康 (Kāng), 138 hundred 佰 (bǎi), 132 integral 積分 (jī fēn), 152
healthy 康 (kāng), 143 hungry 餓 (è), 6, 44, 50, 56 intelligent;understanding 達
hear 看到 (kàn dào), 40 hurriedly 急忙 (jı́ máng), 36, 70 (dá), 142
hear 聽 (tin̄g), 40 hurriedly 趕緊 (gǎn jiň), 70 interest 興趣 (xı̀ng qù), 92, 103
hear 聽到 (tin̄g dào), 40 introduce 介紹 (jiè shào), 83
heart 心 (xin̄), 98, 130, 146 I 余 (Yú), 139

is 是 (s̀hi), 77 leisurely 悠閑 (yōu xián), 54 liàng), 60

is 是 (shı̀), 46, 69, 107, 125, 127 leisurely 悠閒 (yōu xián), 105 magnificent jade palace, 127
is it possible that . . . 難道 (nán letter 信 (xiǹ), 30 maid 妮 (nı́), 150
dào), 46 life 生活 (shēng húo), 72 main beam 棟 (dòng), 30
is it possible that 難道 (nán dào), like 喜歡 (x̌i hūan), 14 majestic;respectable 儼 (yǎn), 144
47 like 喜歡 (xǐ hūan), 35, 39 make 弄 (nòng), 128
it 它 (tā), 28 like this 這樣 (zhè yàng), 77 male phoenix 鳳 (fèng), 145
it’s 它的 (tā de), 28 like this 這麼 (zhè me), 47, 74 manager 經理 (jīng lǐ ), 107
linear 線性 (xı̀an xı̀ng), 153 manners 禮貌 (lǐ mào), 84, 86
jade 瓊 (qióng), 127 lion 獅子 (s̄hi zi), 33 many 多 (dūo), 61, 132, 134
jade tablet 璋 (zhāng), 148 listen 聽 (tin̄g), 35, 88 many 黎 (Lı́), 148
January 一月 (ȳi yùe), 68 listen to 聽著 (tin̄g zhe), 88 March 三月 (sān yùe), 68
jealous 嫉妒 (jı́ dù), 92, 103 listening comprehension 聽力 marquis 侯 (Hóu), 138
joy 歡樂 (hūan lè), 97 (tin̄g lı̀), 88 mathematics 數學 (shù xúe),
joyful 開心 (kāi xin̄), 135 little 小 (xiv̀ao), 57 151–153
July 七月 (q̄i yùe), 68 little 小 (Xiǎo), 150 matters 事 (shı̀), 99
June 六月 (lı̀u yùe), 68 little 小 (xiǎo), 38, 50, 59, 61 May 五月 (wǔ yùe), 68
just 就 (jiù), 7, 56, 72, 76, 96 little finger 小指 (xiǎo zhǐ), 125 me 我 (wǒ), 100, 101
just 才 (cái), 85 live fish 活魚 (húo yú), 124 mercy;grace 恩惠 (en̄ húi), 131
justice 義 (Yı̀), 141 lofty;outstanding 崢 (zhēng), 144 merit;achievement 功 (gōng),
lofty;stately 魏 (Wèi), 139 142
kick out 趕走 (gǎn zǒu), 87 lofty;stately;mafnificent 魏 merits;honors 勳 (xūn), 144
kind;loving 慈 (cı́), 145 (Wèi), 140 middle 中央 (zhōng yāng), 64
kindness 仁慈 (rén cı́), 97 logic 推理 (tūi lǐ), 153 military 武 (Wǔ), 139
king 國王 (gúo wáng), 52, 54 long 長 (cháng), 37 mirror 鏡子 (jiǹg zi), 32
king 王 (Wáng), 139, 148, 149 long distance 千里 (qiān lǐ), 129 mister 先生 (xiān shēng), 122,
king 王 (wàng), 122, 123 long strip 條 (tiáo), 33 123
kingfisher;emerald 翡 (fěi), 147 long time 長久 (cháng jiǔ), 129 misunderstanding 誤會 (wù
kitten 小貓 (xiǎo māo), 51 look at 看著 (kàn zhe), 34, 36 hùi), 85
knee 膝 (xī), 126 loose 鬆 (sōng), 94 moist 潤 (rùn), 150
know 知 (zhī), 85 lost 失喪 (shī sàng), 130 Mom 媽媽 (mā ma), 110
know 認識 (rèn shı̀), 84 lotus 蓮 (lián), 146 monarch 君 (jūn), 148, 150
knowledge 知 (zhī), 148 love 愛 (ài), 14, 98, 134 monarch’s court 廷 (tińg), 149
love 愛 (aı̀), 35, 134 money 錢 (Qián), 138
lake 湖 (Hú), 141 love 熱愛 (rè aı̀), 97 mood 心情 (xīn qińg), 93
lamp;lantern 燈 (dēng), 142 lovely 嬋娟 (chán jūan), 129 moon 月 (yùe), 127, 129
land 陸 (Lù), 138, 140 lucky 瑞 (rùi), 147 moral character 心地 (xin̄ dı̀), 91
language 語 (yǔ), 89 lucky 祺 (qı́), 148 more 愈 (yù), 62, 63
language 語言 (yǔ yán), 113 luxuriant growth 薈 (hùi), 145 more 越 (yùe), 62
last 最後 (zùi hòu), 77 luxuriant vegetation 森 (sēn), more and more 愈 (yù), 74
last year 去年 (qù nián), 67 143, 150 morning 朝 (zhāo), 144
late 遲 (Chı́), 139 morning;daybreak 晨 (chén), 142
lazy 懶惰 (lǎn dùo), 105 madder 茜 (qiàn), 50 mother 媽 (mā), 14, 16
leaf 葉 (Yè), 139 magnificent 宏 (hóng), 142 mother 媽媽 (mā mā), 53
leg 腿 (tǔi), 56 magnificent 魏 (Wèi), 148 mother 媽媽 (mā ma), 50
legs 腿 (tǔi), 96 magnificent and clear 宏亮 (hóng

210 2009 May 6
mountain 山 (shān), 2, 143 not 莫 (Mò), 140 or 還是 (hái s̀hi), 48

mountain song 嵩 (sōng), 143 not 非 (fēi), 42, 43 orchid 蘭 (lán), 146
mountain stream 溪 (xī), 144 not have 沒有 (méi yǒu), 44, 45, orderly 齊 (Qı́), 149
mountain stream 澗 (jiàn), 145 57, 60, 74, 85 ordinary 常 (cháng), 152
mountain vapor 嵐 (lán), 146 not only 不但 (bú dàn), 49, 52 other people 別人 (bié rén), 99
mouse 老鼠 (lǎo shǔ), 41 not only 不但 (bù dàn), 52 outside 外 (wài), 7
mouth 口 (kǒu), 2, 32, 44, 94, 126 not only 不僅 (bù jǐn), 52 outstanding 杰 (jié), 142
mouth 嘴 (zǔi), 88 not permissible 不可 (bù kě), 42 outstanding;remarkable 穎
mouth 嘴巴 (zǔi bā), 89 not permitted 不可 (bù kě), 42 (yiňg), 147
much 多 (dūo), 71 not yet 沒 (méi), 71 outstandingly intelligent 籇
much 許多 (xǔ dūo), 52 noun 名詞 (mińg cı́), 27, 112, 113 (háo), 142
multiplication 乘法 (chéng fǎ), November 十一月 (śhi ȳi yùe), 68 overcast 陰 (yīn), 129
154 now 今 (jin̄), 130 ox 牛 (Niú), 138
multiply 乘 (chéng ), 154 now 現在 (xiàn zài), 69 oxtail southern wood;respectful
muscle 筋 (jin̄), 109 number 數 (shú), 153 蕭 (Xiāo), 139
music 樂 (Yùe), 141 number 號 (hào), 69
must 須 (Xū), 140 number theory 數論 (shù lùn), parable;to explain 喻 (Yù), 141
mutually 相 (xiāng), 98 153 paradise 樂園 (lè yúan), 135
my 我 (wǒ), 130, 133 numbness 麻 (má), 16 paragraph 段 (dùan), 30
my 我的 (wǒ de), 14, 28, 73, 124, numerous 黎 (Lı́), 140 part 部 (bù), 30
132, 133 partial order 偏序 (piān xù), 156
my love 我愛 (wǒ ài), 132 obtain 得 (dé), 130 patience 耐心 (nài xin̄), 97
mysterious;profound 奧 (aò), 141 October 十月 (śhi yùe), 68 patience 耐性 (nài xiǹg), 97, 99
octopus 章魚 (zhāng yú), 38 pause 頓 (dùn), 30
narrow 窄 (zhǎi), 37 of 之 (zhī), 131 pavillion 閣 (gé), 128
need 需要 (xū yào), 35 of 的 (de), 110 peace 凱 (kǎi), 142
neon light 霓虹 (ńi hóng), 133 oil lamp 油燈 (yóu dēng), 33 peace 和平 (hé pińg), 97
nervous 緊張 (jǐn zhāng), 92 old 老 (lǎo), 63, 74, 122, 123 peace;serenity 寧 (nińg), 146
nevertheless 還是 (hái shı̀), 49 old 舊的 (jiù de), 45 peaceful 安 (an̄), 147, 150
new;fresh 新 (xin̄), 144 on the contrary 相反 (xiāng fǎn), peaceful 靖 (jiǹg), 142
newspaper 報紙 (bào žhi), 31 49 peaceful;serene 穆 (Mù), 140
newspaper 報紙 (bào zhǐ), 45 on time 準時 (zhǔn śhi), 70 peach 桃子 (táo zi), 76
next year 明年 (mińg nián), 67 on top of 上 (shàng), 7, 62 pearl 珠 (zhū), 147
nine 九 (jiǔ), 124 once 一次 (yı́ cı̀), 42, 124 people 人 (rén), 128, 129
no 沒 (méi), 50, 73, 95, 109 one 一 (ýi), 77, 108 perfect 剛好 (gāng hǎo), 101
no matter 不管 (bù guǎn), 134 one 一 (ȳi ), 67 perfect gem 瑜 (yú), 147
no other than 就是 (jiù shı̀), 51 one 一 (ȳi), 78, 90 period (.) 句號 (jù hào), 114
noon 午 (wǔ), 108, 110 one 一 (ỳi), 64, 79 period of time 間 (jiān), 70
nose 鼻 (bı́), 126 one 一 (yı́), 70, 99 person 人 (rén), 2, 47
not (have) 沒 (méi), 38–40 one 一 (yī), 63, 74, 90, 124 personality 個性 (gè xiǹg), 91
not 不 (bú), 38, 40–42, 45, 46, 77, one 一 (yı̀), 94 petty gain 便宜 (pián yı́), 98, 99
82, 86, 112, 133 one breath, 94 phrase 片語 (piàn yǔ), 113
not 不 (bù), 38–41, 43, 44, 54, 56, one that 個 (ge), 56, 57 pillow 枕頭 (zhěn tóu), 7
57, 59–62, 84, 85, 90, 93, 95, 100, one’s own 自己 (z̀i jǐ), 62 pinyin 拼音 (pin̄ yin̄), 15
101, 108, 128 only then 才 (cái), 76, 77 place 處 (chù), 128
not 沒 (méi), 58, 85 open 拓 (tùo), 154 platform 台 (tái), 33

please 請 (qiňg), 85 pure and white 瑯 (láng), 143 revolve 轉 (zhǔan), 128
plum tree 李 (Lǐ), 150 pure shadow 清影 (qin̄g yiňg), rhymes 韻 (yùn), 147
plums 李 (Lǐ), 138 128 rice 飯 (fàn), 45
poetry 詩 (shī), 147 pure white silk 素 (sù), 146 ride 乘 (chéng), 127
police 警察 (jiňg chá), 96 pure;clean;simple 淳 (chún), 145 right 右手 (yòu hand), 125
polite 客氣 (kè qı̀), 86 pure;virtuous 清 (qin̄g), 143 right;fitting 宜 (Yı́), 141
politeness 禮貌 (lǐ mào), 84 rise and dance 起舞 (qǐ wǔ), 128
pond 池塘 (chı́ táng), 54 Qin Dynasty 秦 (Qiń), 138 rise up 起來 (qǐ lái), 93
pool of water 汪 (Wāng), 139 quarter hour 刻 (kè), 77 river 川 (chūan), 142
poplar 楊 (Yáng), 141, 148 question 問題 (wèn tı́), 44 river 江 (Jiāng), 138
portion 份 (fèn), 31 question mark 問號 (wèn hào), road 路 (Lù), 140
possess 所有 (sǔo yǒu), 135 114 road 路 (lù), 33, 64
potter’s wheel 甄 (zhēn), 147 quiet;calm 閒 (xián), 144 road 道 (dào), 148
pottery 陶 (Táo), 140 quiet;undisturbed 恬 (tián), 146 road;path 道 (dào), 142
power 力 (lı̀), 109 quotation marks 引號 (yǐn hào), rocks 石 (Shı́), 139
powerful 勁 (jiǹg), 145 114 romantic; tender 旖 (yǐ), 146
practical joke, 47 roof 宇 (yǔ), 150
precious 寶貴 (bǎo gùi), 131 rabbit 兔 (tù), 59 roof beam 梁 (liáng), 149
precious jade 瑤 (yáo), 146 rabbit 兔子 (tù zi), 62, 76, 95 room 間 (jiān), 31
precious stone 玉 (Yù), 141 radiance of daybreak 旭 (xù), 144 rooster 公雞 (gōng jī), 6, 60, 63,
precious; rare 珍 (zhēn), 147 radiant 暉 (hūi), 142 74
present 現 (xiàn), 65 rain 雨 (yǔ), 147 root;source 本 (běn), 147
pretty 漂亮 (piào liàng), 100 raise 養 (yǎng), 122 roots 根 (gēn), 31
prince 王子 (wáng zǐ), 42, 44 ran 跑 (pǎo), 96 rose 玫 (méi), 146
probability 機率 (jī lv̀), 153 real 實 (shı́), 153 round 圓 (yúan), 128, 129
problem 問題 (wèn tı́), 85 real 真 (zhēn), 42 rugged 嶙 (liń), 143
professor 教授 (jı̀ao shòu ), 107 really 實在 (shı́ zài), 56 run 跑 (pǎo), 56, 58
profound 深 (shēn), 133 really 真 (zhēn), 61
pronoun, 27 reason;logic 理 (lǐ), 143 sad 難過 (nán gùo), 92, 93, 102
pronunciation 發音 (fā yīn), 113 reckless 胡 (hú), 31, 100 sadness 悲 (bēi), 128
proof 據 (Jù), 141 refined;gracious 嫻 (xián), 146 saw 看了 (kàn le), 96
proper 正 (zhèng), 145 refined;polished 雅 (yǎ), 146 say 說 (shūo), 35, 85
proper;good 昌 (chāng), 142 reflexive 自反 (zı̀ fǎn), 157 scared 嚇 (xià), 76, 95, 96
property 性 (xiı̀ng), 157, 158 relation 關係 (gūan xī), 113 scarlet;crimson 緋 (fēi), 147
prosperous 旺 (wàng), 144 relation 關係 (gūan xı̀), 85 scenery 景 (Jiňg), 140
prosperous;abundant 隆 (lóng), relation 關係 (guān xı̀), 155, 156 scholar 士 (shı̀), 143
143 relaxed 輕鬆 (qin̄g sōng), 105 scorched 焦 (Jiāo), 140
proud 驕傲 (jiāo aò), 98 release 放走 (fàng zǒu), 124 scrub 刷 (shūa), 58
provided that 只要 (zhǐ yào), 48 remarkable 傑 (jié), 142 season 季 (Jı̀), 140
prunes 梅 (Méi), 140 repeat 複 (fù), 152 see 看 (kàn), 35, 40, 93
pump 唧 (jī), 4 residence of a high official 邸 see 看到 (kàn dào), 35, 42, 58
punctuation 標點 (biāo dǐan), (Dǐ), 141 self 自 (z̀i), 89
113 respectful;majestic 肅 (Sù), 140 semicolon 分號 (fēn hào), 114
pure 淨 (jiǹg), 146 response 反應 (fǎn yiǹg), 88 sentence 句子 (jù zi), 113
pure 潔 (jié), 145 rest 休息 (xiū x́i), 108 sentiment 情 (qińg), 98
reverential 龔 (Gōng), 138 September 九月 (jǐu yùe), 68

212 2009 May 6
set 集合 (jı́ hé), 155 small 小 (xǐao), 37 stones 石頭 (śhi tóu), 134
seven 七 (qī), 88, 124 small 小 (xiǎo), 98, 134 stop 停 (tińg), 57
shade 蔭 (yı̀n), 144 small cup 盞 (zhǎn), 33 strawberry 草莓 (cǎo méi), 32
shadow 影子 (yiňg zi), 58 smart;clever 黠 (xiá), 144 strength 力 (lı̀), 95, 143
shape 樣 (yàng), 93 smell 聞 (wén), 35 stress/accent 重音 (zhòng yin̄),
share 共 (gòng), 129 smoothly;fluently 暢 (chàng), 113
she 她 (tā), 28, 41, 74, 78, 94 142 strong and durable 堅 (jiān), 142
shell 貝殼 (bèi ké), 32 snore 打呼 (dǎ hū), 108 strong;vigorous 遒 (qiú), 143
shells 貝 (Bèi), 139 snow 雪 (xǔe), 146 student 學生 (xúe shēng), 107
shining 煥 (hùan), 142 so 那麼 (nà me), 44 study 學 (xúe), 59, 152–154
shopping cart, 29 so many 多少 (dūo shǎo), 134 style 格 (gé), 112
shore 岸 (aǹ), 79 soft and tender 柔 (róu), 146 substitute 代 (dài), 27, 112, 113,
short 短 (dǔan), 37 soil 土 (tǔ), 106 151, 153
short 矮 (aǐ), 37 solemn 莊 (Zhūang), 141 subtract 減 (jǐan), 154
should 應該 (yin̄g gāi), 61 solemn 鄭 (Zhèng), 139, 149 subtraction 減法 (jǐan fǎ), 154
should 該 (gāi), 85 son 子 (ži), 2 successfully grabbed, 41
shoulder 肩膀 (jīan bǎng), 126 son 子 (zi), 7 successfully hit, 41
shovel 鏟子 (chǎn zi), 30 song 歌 (gē), 16 successfully perform the action
side 身邊 (shēn biān), 134 sorrow 悲傷 (bēi sh=ang), 93 expressed by the verb, 41
side 邊 (biān), 75, 76, 79 sound 聲 (shēng), 94 sudden pouring rain 瀑 (bào),
silk 絲 (sī), 146 sound 聲音 (shēng yin̄), 7 145
similar to 猶 (Yóu), 141 sound 響 (xiǎng), 7 sudden thunder 霆 (tińg), 149
similiar to 何似 (hé sı̀), 128 sound; musical note 音 (yin̄), 146 suddenly 忽然 (hū rán), 71
sin;crime 辜 (Gū), 140 south 南 (Nán), 140 suddenly 突然 (tú rán), 71
since 開始 (kāi shǐ), 72 space 空間 (kōng jiān), 155, 156 summer 夏 (Xià), 139
sincere 懇 (kěn), 145 speak 說 (shūo), 83, 100, 101 summer 夏 (xià), 147
sincere 摯 (Zhı̀), 141 speak 講 (jiǎng), 89, 90 surprised 驚訝 (jin̄g yà), 92, 102
sincere 誠懇 (chéng kěn), 97 spear;lance 戈 (Gē), 140 suspicious 可疑 (kě ýi), 132
sincere;honest 誠 (chéng), 142 speech 言 (yán), 89 swan 鴻 (hóng), 142
sincerity 款 (kǔan), 145 splendid hall 玉宇 (yù yǔ), 127 sweat 汗 (hàn), 106
single 隻 (z̄hi), 34 spring 春 (chūn), 145 sweet 甘甜 (gān tián), 130
six 六 (lı̀u ), 67 spring;fountain 泉 (Qúan), 140 sweet-smelling 香 (xiāng), 146
six 六 (liù), 69, 124 square 方 (Fāng), 138 sweet;agreeable 甜 (tián), 146
skin;fur 皮 (Pı́), 140 squirrel 松鼠 (sōng shǔ), 73 swift 捷 (jié), 142
sky 天 (tiān), 6, 67, 73 stable;steady 穩 (wěn), 144 swing 鞦韆 (qiū qiān), 62
slanting 偏 (piān), 153 stable;sturdy 固 (gù), 142 symbol 符號 (fú hào), 17
sleep 眠 (mián), 128 star 星 (xin̄g), 150 symmetric 對稱 (dùi chèn), 158
sleep 睡覺 (shùi jiào), 39, 108 steep;lofty 矗 (chù), 142
sleep 覺 (jiào), 108, 110 stem 本 (běn), 30 tail 尾 (Wěi), 140
sleepless 不眠 (bù mián), 134 stern;strict 嚴 (Yán), 139 tail 尾 (wěi), 33
slender;charming 窕 (tiǎo), 146 still 仍然 (réng rán), 48 talk 講話 (jiǎng hùa), 35
slice 片 (piàn), 33 still 還 (hái), 48, 50, 52, 55, 70 tall 高 (gāo), 133
slip of paper 紙條 (žhi tiáo), 33 still 還是 (hái shı̀), 57 tall 高 (gāo), 37
slowly;gently;calmly 徐 (Xú), stomach 肚子 (dù zi), 6, 44, 56 tall evergreen tree 柯 (Kē), 140
139 stone 石 (shı́), 149 tanned leather 韋 (Wéi), 139
teacher 老師 (lǎo s̄hi), 14

teacher 老師 (lǎo sh̄i ), 107 three 三 (sān), 124 to believe 信 (xiǹ), 131
television 電視 (diàn s̀hi), 33 three 三 (sān ), 67 to block 擋 (dǎng), 133
ten 十 (shı́), 124 through 通 (tōng), 100 to blunder 胡 (Hú), 138
ten thousand 萬 (Wàn), 139 thunder 雷 (Léi), 138 to borrow 借 (jiè), 86
tense (grammar) 時態 (shı́ tài), thus 於是 (yú shı̀), 48 to bow the head 頫 (fǔ), 149
114 tiger 虎 (hū), 82 to breathe on 哈 (hā), 4
thanks 謝謝 (xı̀e xı̀e), 84, 86 time 時 (śhi), 7, 75, 77 to bud;to shoot forth 萌 (méng),
that 是 (shı̀), 131 time 時 (shı́), 131 143
that 那 (nà), 135 time 時候 (śhi hòu), 72, 73 to build up 建立 (jiàn lı̀), 61
that is all 而已 (eŕ yǐ), 90 time 時間 (śhi jiān), 30, 65 to call 叫 (jiào), 6, 56, 63, 74
the appearance of a clear stream time to leave 別時 (bı́e shı́), 128 to call out 呼喊 (hū hǎn), 132
瀏 (liú), 145 tin 錫 (xı́), 149 to carry on 繼 (jı̀), 142
the flower of the leek 菁 (jin̄g), tinkling of jade 珊 (shān), 146, to carry out 施 (Shī), 139
145 150 to catch a cold 感冒 (gǎn mào), 6
the graceful look of a flowing tinklings of jade 玲 (lińg), 146 to cause 讓 (ràng), 132
robe 袁 (Yúan), 139, 148 tiny 微 (wéi), 152 to cease 住 (zhù), 89
the law 法 (fǎ), 113 tired 疲 (ṕi), 109 to chat 聊天 (liáo tiān), 87
the look of a flowing gown 裴 tired 累 (lèi), 109 to chat 談天 (tán tiān), 87, 88
(Péi), 140 tired 累了 (lèi le), 91, 102 to chatter 囉 (lūo), 5
the moon 月 (yùe), 66, 67, 147 to abhor 厭惡 (yàn wù), 94 to climb 爬 (pá), 73, 75, 79
the people 民 (miń), 143 to advance 晉 (jı̀n), 142 to collapse 垮 (kǔa), 109
the present 今 (jin̄), 65, 66 to advance 進 (jı̀n), 142 to come 來 (lái), 36, 49, 54, 61
the sky 天 (tiān), 65, 66 to agree;to help 協 (xié), 144 to come in 進來 (jiǹ lái), 60
the string of a musical instru- to announce 宣 (Xūan), 141 to come out 出來 (chū lái), 76
ment 絃 (xián), 146 to answer 答 (dá), 89 to commend 誇獎 (kūa jiǎng), 52
the Tang Dynasty 唐 (Táng), 139 to appear 出現 (chū xiàn), 73 to compare 比 (bǐ), 63, 74
the top 頂 (diňg), 142 to arrange 陳 (Chén), 138 to compete 塞 (sài), 143
their 他們 (tā mén), 28 to arrive 到 (dào), 78 to complete 畢 (Bı̀), 139
them 他們 (tā mén), 28, 52 to arrive at 之 (zhī), 149 to congratulate 賀 (Hè), 138
them 她們 (tā mén), 28 to arrive at 到達 (dào dá), 135 to connect 連 (Lián), 140
them 它們 (tā mén), 28 to ascend 陟 (zhı̀), 145 to consult 請教 (qiňg jiào), 46
theory 論 (lùn), 153 to ascend;to climb 登 (dēng), 142 to continue;to renew 續 (xù), 147
there 那裡 (nà lǐ), 122 to ask 問 (wèn), 53 to correct 匡 (Kuāng), 140
thereupon 便 (biàn), 48 to ask oneself 自問 (z̀i wèn), 89 to cover 摀 (wǔ), 89
these 此 (cǐ), 129 to assist 佐 (zǔo), 147 to cross 渡 (dù), 142
they 他們 (tā mén), 36, 85 to assist;to support 贊 (zàn), 144 to crow 叫 (jiào), 6, 60
they 他們 (tā men), 49, 62 to be able to 可 (Kě), 141 to crumble 頹 (Túi), 141
thin 瘦 (shòu), 64 to be at work 上班 (sh‘ang bān), to cry 哭 (kū), 2
thin light silk 羅 (Lúo), 138 50 to cut down 砍掉 (kǎn diào), 75
things 東西 (dōng x̄i), 38 to be in charge of 負責 (fù zé), 29 to dance 舞 (wǔ), 146
think 思 (s̄i), 100 to be in love 戀 (liàn), 146 to dance 舞動 (wǔ dòng), 133
think 想 (xiǎng), 100 to be willing 願意 (yùan ỳi), 101 to dare;bold 敢 (gǎn), 145
thirsty 渴 (kě), 44, 50, 56 to beat 打 (dǎ), 109 to decide 決定 (júe diǹg), 73
this 這 (zhè), 7, 42, 66, 77 to become aware of;to realize 悟 to defend 捍 (hàn), 142
this 這個 (zhè ge), 110 (wù), 144 to describe 形容 (xı́ng róng), 36

214 2009 May 6
to detest 嫌 (xián), 92 to go beyond 越 (Yùe), 141 to marvel 驚嘆 (jīng tàn), 114

to discover 發現 (fā xiàn), 50, 77 to govern 尹 (Yiň), 139 to meet together 會兒 (hǔi), 82
to discuss 討論 (tǎo lùn), 87 to guard 保 (bǎo), 141 to meet;enlightened;wise 晤
to dislike 討厭 (tǎo yàn), 94 to have 擁有 (yǒng yǒu), 133 (wù), 144
to divine 卜 (Bǔ), 139 to have 有 (yǒu), 86 to miss;to long for 念 (niàn), 146
to do 作 (zùo), 34, 47 to hear 聞 (Wén), 140 to move 動 (dòng), 99, 112
to do 做 (zùo), 61, 77 to help 助 (zhù), 145 to murmur 咕 (gū), 4, 6
to drag 拖 (tūo), 77 to hide 躲 (dǔo), 76 to negate 否定 (fǒu diǹg), 38
to eat 吃 (c̄hi), 76 to hit 打 (dǎ), 108 to obtain 得 (dé), 130
to emerge 現 (xiàn), 144 to hold fast 維 (wéi), 144 to open 打開 (dǎ kāi), 50
to encourage; graceful 卲 (shào), to hold in awe 敬畏 (jiǹg wèi), to operate 操作 (cāo zùo), 34
147 130 to overcome 克 (kè), 143
to endure 禁 (jin̄), 145 to increase 增 (zēng), 144 to overcome 剋 (kè), 145
to endure 耐 (nài), 143 to increase 添 (tiān), 143 to oversee 督 (Dū), 139
to enjoy 享受 (xiǎng shòu), 110 to increase 益 (yı̀), 144 to oversee 董 (Dǒng), 138
to enter 進 (jı̀n), 86 to join 連接 (lián jiē), 112 to pardon 赦免 (shè miǎn), 130
to enter 進 (jiǹ), 42 to kill 劉 (Liú), 138 to pass 過 (gùo), 74, 86, 108, 142
to examine;to help 相 (xiàng), to knock 叩 (kòu), 4, 7 to pass 過著 (gùo zhe), 72
147 to knock at the door 敲門 (qiāo to pass through 經過 (jin̄g gùo),
to exceed 超 (chāo), 142 mén), 7 79
to excel 軼 (yı̀), 144 to know 悉 (xī), 144 to permit 可 (kě), 43
to excel 駕 (jià), 145 to laugh 笑 (xiào), 57, 88 to pick 采 (cǎi), 109
to exchange 易 (Yı̀), 141 to lay out 陳 (Chén), 137, 150 to place at 置 (zh̀i), 112
to exert 賣力 (mài lı̀), 60 to layout 陳 (Chén), 150 to plan 計較 (jı̀ jiào), 99
to exhale 呼 (hū), 4, 7, 70, 92 to lead;to rescue 援 (yúan), 144 to play a joke on 捉弄 (zhūo
to exist 在 (zài), 65 to lean 靠 (kào), 7 nòng), 61
to exit 出 (chū), 36, 61, 96 to learn 學習 (xúe xı́), 1 to plug 杜 (Dù), 138
to expand 擴 (kùo), 145 to leave 出走 (chū zǒu), 73 to possess 所有 (sǔo yǒu), 112
to face 向 (Xiàng), 140 to leave 離 (lı́), 73 to pray 祈 (qı́), 143
to feel bitter 尤 (Yóu), 141 to like 喜歡 (x̌i hūan), 62 to preside 宰 (Zǎi), 141
to fill 盈 (yińg), 147 to like 喜歡 (xǐ hūan), 94 to progress 迪 (dı́), 142
to find 找到 (zhǎo dào), 43 to loathe 討厭 (tǎo yàn), 29, 92 to protect 保 (bǎo), 2
to fix 定 (diǹg), 101, 112 to long for;to adore 慕 (mù), 143 to protect 保護 (bǎo hù), 134
to flee 逃 (táo), 76 to look about 探望 (tàn wàng), to protect 守 (shǒu), 143
to float away 飄走 (piāo zǒu), 133 34, 36, 49 to provide 贍 (shàn), 143
to flow;mobile 流 (liú), 143 to look around 張望 (zhāng to pull 拉 (lā), 133
to fly 飛 (fēi), 147 wàng), 34, 36 to pull out 拔 (bá), 56, 96
to form an opinion 下 (xià), 101 to look at 看 (kàn), 38, 62, 78 to pursue 趕 (gǎn), 145
to freeze 凍 (dòng), 55 to look down from above 臨 to push 推 (tūi), 29
to gallop 馳 (chı́), 150 (Liń), 141 to put up a good fight 奮戰 (fèn
to get 得 (dé), 41, 54, 95 to lose 失去 (s̄hi qù), 99 zhàn), 78, 79
to get out 出去 (chū qù), 87 to love 愛 (aı̀), 145 to quarrel 吵架 (chǎo jià), 88
to give 給 (gěi), 52 to love 樂 (yào), 146 to raise 揚 (Yáng), 139
to give birth 生 (shēng), 137, 150 to make 使 (shǐ), 130 to reach 到 (dào), 41, 60, 77
to go 去 (qù), 2, 42, 50, 54 to make clear 闡 (chǎn), 142 to receive 受 (shòu), 56

to receive 納 (Nà), 140 to slack 偷懶 (tōu lǎn), 105 to turn one’s head 回頭 (húi tóu),
to receive 蒙 (méng), 131 to sleep 睡 (shùi), 39, 108–110 78
to receive with respect 奉 (fèng), to sleep 睡著 (shùi zháo), 7 to understand 了 (liǎo), 54, 95
142 to smile 笑 (xiào), 2 to understand 懂 (dǒng), 145
to release 放鬆 (fàng sōng), 134 to sneer 嗤 (c̄hi), 4 to undo 解開 (jǐe kāi), 85
to rely on 賴 (Lài), 138 to spread 張 (Zhāng), 139 to unfold 舒 (Shū), 143
to repeatedly urge 叮嚀 (din̄g to spread 張 (zhāng), 33 to unite efforts 協力 (xié lı̀), 106
nińg), 89 to stand 站 (zhàn), 64 to uproot 拔 (bá), 16
to request 問 (wèn), 86 to start 起 (q̌i), 7 to use all one’s strength 全力
to request 請 (qiňg), 86 to steal 偷走 (tōu zǒu), 73 (quán lı̀), 109
to resemble 像 (xiàng), 44 to stick into 插 (chā), 133 to wait 等 (děng), 78
to resolve 決定 (júe diǹg), 61 to stick out 伸出 (shēn chū), 36, to wait for 待 (dài), 66, 82
to return home 回家 (húi jiā), 50 49 to wait/not until 等 (děng), 77
to rise 起 (q̌i), 71, 84 to sting 叮 (din̄g), 4 to wake up 醒來 (xiňg lái), 108
to rise 起來 (qǐ lái), 53 to strive 努力 (nǔ lı̀), 78, 106 to walk 行 (xińg), 147
to rise high 屹 (yı̀), 144 to struggle 鬥 (dòu), 142 to walk 走 (zǒu), 82
to rise in force 奮 (fèn), 142 to study;to toil 肄 (yı̀), 144 to watch;to hope 望 (wàng), 147
to rise;to thrive 興 (xin̄g), 144 to support 扶 (fú), 142 to wear 戴 (Dài), 138
to roar 吼 (hǒu), 4 to surpass 邁 (mài), 143 to win 贏 (yińg), 144
to roll 滾 (gǔn), 87 to sustain 肩 (jiān), 145 to wish 願意 (yùan yı̀), 35
to satisfy;to fulfill 遂 (sùi), 143 to swim 游 (yóu), 54 to wrap 包 (Bāo), 139
to save;to deliver 拯 (zhěng), 145 to swing 盪 (dàng), 62 to yawn 呵欠 (hē qiàn), 108
to say 說 (shūo), 87, 88, 100 to take 拿 (ná), 76 to yawn 哈欠 (hā qiàn), 108
to scare 嚇 (xià), 55, 56, 95, 96 to take heed 留心 (liú xin̄), 132 today 今夕 (jin̄ xı̀), 127
to scold 罵 (mà), 16, 51 to take offense 介意 (jiè yı̀), 85, 86 today 今天 (jin̄ tiān), 69
to scrape 刮 (gūa), 71 to talk 講話 (jiǎng hùa), 87 toe 腳趾 (jiǎo zhǐ), 126
to seal 封 (fēng), 30 to talk 譚 (Tán), 139 together 一起 (ỳi q̌i), 62
to see 看 (kàn), 34, 100, 132 to talk about 談論 (tán lùn), 87 together 合 (hé), 128
to see 看見 (kàn jiàn), 130 to talk indistinctly 嘰 (jī), 4 together 胥 (xū), 149
to see 見 (jiàn), 2, 38, 52, 82 to test 考驗 (kǎo yàn), 132 Tom 湯姆 (tāng mǔ), 44, 51, 72
to seem 好像 (hǎo xiàng), 6 to thank 感謝 (gǎn xiè), 52 tomato 番茄 (fān qié), 32
to seize 佔 (zhàn), 98, 99 to thank 謝 (Xiè), 139, 149 tomorrow 明天 (mińg tiān), 82
to shake 發抖 (fā dǒu), 55, 95 to thank 謝 (xiè), 82 tongue 舌 (shé), 88
to shelter 廕 (yı̀n), 144 to the extent 得 (de), 56 too 不勝 (bù shēng), 128
to shephard 牧 (mù), 143 to the extent of 得 (de), 6, 56 toothbrush 牙刷 (yá shūa), 34
to shine upon 照 (zhào), 147 to the extent that 得 (dé), 132 topology 拓撲 (tùo pù), 156
to shine;to dazzle 耀 (yào), 147 to the extent that 得 (de), 55, 56, tough 結 (jiē), 142
to shiver 發抖 (fā dǒu), 55 70, 106 towel 毛巾 (máo jin̄), 33
to shout 喊叫 (hǎn jiào), 88 to think 思 (sī), 147 towering 嶄 (zhǎn), 144
to show 表現 (biǎo xiàn), 86 to think 想 (xiǎng), 99, 100 town 郭 (Gūo), 138
to show understanding for 體諒 to think so 猜想 (cāi xiǎng), 100 traffic 交通 (jiāo tōng), 96
(tǐ liàng), 100 to think;to meditate 惟 (wéi), 144 tranquility 安寧 (an̄ nińg), 110
to sigh 嘆氣 (tàn qı̀), 94 to tremble 抖 (dǒu), 57 tranquility 靜 (jiǹg), 146
to sing 唱歌 (chàng gē), 88 to turn around and look 顧 (Gù), transitive 傳遞 (chúan dı̀), 157
to sing;to hum 詠 (yǒng), 147 138 tree 樹 (shù), 32, 73, 75

216 2009 May 6
trees 森 (sēn), 3 warm 溫 (Wēn), 140 will 要 (yào), 42

triangle 三角 (sān jiǎo), 154 warmhearted 熱心 (rè xīn), 98 willing 願 (yùan), 101
triumphant strains 凱 (kǎi), 148 wash 洗 (x̌i), 59 willow tree 柳 (Liǔ), 140
true 真 (zhēn), 131 wash 洗 (xǐ), 59 willow twig 柳條 (liǔ tiáo), 30
trumpet 叭 (bā), 3 water 水 (Shǔi), 140 wind 風 (fēng), 127, 133
tube;pipe 管 (Gǔan), 140 water 水 (shǔi), 53 wind;breeze 風 (fēng), 147
two 二 (èr ), 67 water 潘 (Pān), 138 wings;to help 翼 (yı̀), 144
two 二 (er̀), 124 water flowing between stones 磷 winter 冬天 (dōng tiān), 55
(liń), 143 wisdom 慧 (hùi), 150
ultimately 根本 (gēn běn), 42 water’s edge 涯 (yá), 144 wise 慧 (hùi), 145
unable 不會 (bú hùi), 134 we 我們 (wǒ mén), 28 wise and clever 睿 (rùi), 143
uncle 叔叔 (shú shu), 57, 58 we 我們 (wǒ men), 47 witch;wizard 巫 (Wū), 140
understand 了 (liǎo), 56 wealth 財 (cái), 142 with one heart 同心 (tóng xin̄),
unexpectedly 居然 (jū rán), 48 wealthy 富 (fù), 142 106
unselfish 慷 (kāng), 143 wealthy 闊 (kùo), 145 without 無 (wú), 109, 128
until 直到 (źhi dào), 73 week 星期 (xin̄g qı́), 66, 67, 69 wolf 狼 (láng), 55, 57, 58, 61, 95
unusual 奇異 (qı́ yı̀), 130 week 裡拜 (lǐ bài), 67 wolves 狼 (láng), 61
up 上 (shàng), 66, 67, 79 welcome 歡迎 (hūan yı́ng), 86 wolves 野狼 (yě láng), 47
upright 介 (jiè), 142 well 井 (jiňg), 32 woman 女 (nv̌), 2
urgent 急 (jı́), 70 well-being 幸 (xiǹg), 147 wonder if 不知 (bù zhī), 127
usual 平常 (pińg cháng), 51 went 去過 (qù gùo), 40 wonderful; intriguing; ingenious
wet 濕 (s̄hi), 51 妙 (miào), 146
valley 谷 (gǔ), 142 what 什麼 (shé me), 46, 83, 85, wood/tree 木 (mù), 2
value 值 (zhı́), 153 107, 124 word 詞 (cı́), 36, 111, 112
valued 貴 (gùi), 148 what year 何年 (hé nián), 127 work 工作 (gōng zùo), 105, 107
variable 變數 (biàn shù), 152 wheat;barley;oats 麥 (Mài), 140 worker 工人 (gōng rén ), 107
vast;boundless 茫 (máng), 143 wheeled devices 車 (chē), 29 world of man 人間 (rén jiān), 128
vehicle 車子 (chē zi), 30 when 幾時 (jǐ shı́), 127 worried 擔心 (dān xīn ), 92, 102
verb 動詞 (dòng cı́), 34, 113 where 哪裡 (nǎ lǐ), 46 would like to 想 (xiǎng), 52
verbose 嚕 (lū), 5, 7 which 哪個 (nǎ ge), 125 wow 哇 (wa), 60
verbosity 詹 (Zhān), 141 which 哪個 (něi ge), 46
very 好 (hǎo), 60 while 當 (dāng), 75 year 年 (Nián), 140
very 很 (hěn), 82, 84, 108, 132– whip 鞭子 (biān zi), 31 years of age 歲 (sùi), 72
134 white 白 (Bái), 138 yellow 黃 (Húang), 138
very big 太 (Tài), 140 white 白 (bái), 59, 149 yesterday 昨 (zúo), 66
very fine silk cloth 綾 (lińg), 146 white and bright 皓 (hào), 142 you 你 (ňi), 29, 52, 86, 132–135
very good 好好 (hǎo hǎo), 110 white jasmine 莉 (lı̀), 146 you 你 (nǐ), 28, 35, 36, 39, 40, 45,
vexed 苦惱 (kǔ nǎo), 91 who 誰 (shéi), 46 81–84, 86, 87, 89, 93, 100, 107, 109,
vigor 勁 (jiǹ), 142 whole body 一身 (ỳi shēn), 96 132, 133
virtue 德 (dé), 142 why, 124 you 你們 (nǐ mén), 28
vocabulary 字彙 (zı̀ hùi), 113 why 何事 (hé shı̀), 128 your 你的 (nǐ de), 28, 93
wide 寬 (kūan ), 37 your heart 你心 (ňi xin̄), 134
walk 走 (zǒu), 76 wild 野 (yě), 61
want 要 (yào), 35, 39, 40, 43, 45, wild goose 雁 (yàn), 146 zebra 斑馬 (bān mǎ), 32
52, 86, 99, 133, 134 will 將 (jiāng), 135 Zhou Dynasty 周 (Zhōu), 139
war 戰 (Zhàn), 141 zhuyin 注音 (zhù yin̄), 17


218 2009 May 6
GENERAL INDEX
, 101 black, 11 clan, 9

blood, 10 claw, 9
Adjectives describing size, 36 blue, 10 cliff, 8
Adverbial phrases, 54 boat, 10 clothes, 10
Adverbial phrases using 個, 56 body, 10 color, 10
Adverbial phrases using 的, 53 bolt of cloth, 9 Common verbs, 34, 87
Adverbial phrases using bone, 10 comparable, 156
連. . . 都沒有, 57 Boolean question sentences, 45 compare, 9
Adverbs, 37 BoPoMoFo, 17 Conditionals, 47
again, 8 Both and , 50 Conjuctions, 48
Almost, 60 both and , 50 Conjunction and, 49
Amazing Grace, 130 bow, 8 Contrasting conjuctions, 48
and, 9, 49 branch, 9 corpse, 8
Anti-civilities, 86 Branches of mathematics, 151 cover, 8
antisymmetric, 156 Bright Moon, 127 cow, 9
Apologies, 84 bristle, 8
Arithmetic, 154, 155 brush, 9 Days of the week, 67
arrive, 9 death, 9
arrow, 9 Can you speak?, 89 deer, 11
axe, 9 cart, 10 dipper, 9
cauldron, 10 dish, 9
badger, 10 cave, 9 distinguish, 10
bamboo, 9 Character, 96, 98 divination, 8
bean, 10 character, 2 do not, 9
big, 8 child, 8 dog, 9
bird, 11 city, 10 door, 8
bitter, 10 Civilities, 84, 86 dot, 8
219
General Index Daniel J. Greenhoe (柯晨光)
dotted cliff, 8 for your life, 58 Kangxi radicals, 7

dotted tent, 9 fourth tone, 13, 14, 16, 18 knife, 8
Double negation, 42 fragrant, 10
double x, 9 frog, 11 lack, 9
down box, 8 functions, 155 lame, 8
dragon, 11 fur, 9 leaf, 10
drum, 11 leather, 10
dry, 8 gate, 10 leek, 10
gender, 27 legs, 8
ear, 9 ghost, 10 lid, 8
earth, 8 go, 8 life, 9
eat, 10 go slowly, 8 Like/dislike, 94
ee, 17 gold, 10 line, 8
eight, 8 grain, 9 living spoken languages, 13
either or , 51 Grammar terminology, 113 logic operators, 155
embroidery, 11 grammatical case, 27 logogram, 1
Emotions, 91, 93, 102 grammatical number, 27 logographs, 1
Emphasis and contrasts, 43 graphemes, 1 long, 10
Emphasizing negation using 並, grass, 10 long stride, 8
43 low tone, 13, 14, 16, 18
enclosure, 8 hair, 10
enter, 8 halberd, 8 man, 8
equivalence relations, 155 half tree trunk, 9 Mandarin Phonetic Symbols, 17
Ethnologue, 13 hand, 8 Mandarin Phonetic Symbols I, 17
even, 11 head, 10 mathematics, 151
evening, 8 Head and Shoulders, 126 branches, 151
Examples of common verbs, 35 heart, 8 measure wors, 29
Expressions, 88 Hello and goodbye, 81 meat, 9
Expressions of emotion, 94 hemp, 11 melon, 9
eye, 9 hiding enclosure, 8 millet, 11
high tone, 13, 14, 16, 18 minister, 9
face, 10 hook, 8 Miscellaneous, 70
falling tone, 13, 14, 16, 18 horn, 10 Miscellaneous Question words,
fang, 9 horse, 10 46
father, 9 How are you?, 82 Months of the year, 67
Fear, 95 moon, 9
feather, 9 I myself, 29 More more, 62
field, 9 ice, 8 morning, 10
fight, 10 inch, 8 mortar, 10
fire, 9 incomparable, 156 mound, 10
first tone, 13, 14, 16, 18 insect, 10 mountain, 8
fish, 11 Introductions, 83 mouth, 8
flute, 11 MW, 29
fly, 10 jade, 9
foot, 10 jar, 9 names, 137
for the purpose of, 61 Jobs, 107 Negation, 38

220 2009 May 6
Daniel J. Greenhoe (柯晨光) General Index
Negative character traits, 98 private, 8 silk, 9

net, 9 profound, 9 Similes, 63
neutral tone, 16, 18 Progressive events, 74 simplified Chinese, 2
Never, 73 Punctuation, 113 Simultaneous action, 75
No matter how, 59 slash, 8
no tone, 16, 18 quantifier, 29 slave, 10
non-, 38 quantifiers for countable nouns, Sleep and rest, 107, 109
nose, 11 29 slice, 9
not, 9, 38 quantifiers for time, 78 small, 8
not only , but also , 52 Question sentences, 46 snout, 8
not only but also , 52 Question words, 46 sound, 10
Not until, 77 spear, 9
number, 34 radical, 7 speech, 10
Numbers, 115, 119 rain, 10 spirit, 9
rat, 11 spoon, 8
oh, 17 red, 10 sprout, 8
old, 9 reflexive, 156 square, 9
Old McDonald, 122 Relation properties, 156 stand, 9
one, 8 relations, 155 steam, 9
one that, 56 rice, 9 step, 8
One two three fish, 124 right open box, 8 stone, 9
oneself, 8 rising tone, 13, 14, 16, 18 stop, 9
Only then, 76 river, 8 stopping, 10
Onomatopoeias, 5 roof, 8 sun, 9
onomatopoeias, 3 Rosetta Stone, 2 sweet, 9
open box, 8 run, 10
oppose, 10 table, 8
or not, 44 sacrificial wine, 10 tall, 10
order relations, 155 salt, 11 tanned leather, 10
ordered set, 156 say, 9 ten, 8
ordering relation, 156 scholar, 8 Tense, 114
script, 9 tense, 34
partial ordering relation, 156 seal, 8 third tone, 13, 14, 16, 18
partially ordered set, 156 second, 8 Thought processes, 99
Parts of a day, 68 second tone, 13, 14, 16, 18 tiger, 10
Parts of speech, 111 see, 10 tile, 9
Personal pronouns, 27 self, 9 Time, 65, 71, 72, 75
personal prounouns, 27 set inclusion relations, 155 to get, 54
phones, 13 set operations, 155 to the extent that, 54
phonograms, 1 sets, 155 tongue, 10
phonographs, 1 sheep, 9 tooth, 11
pig, 10 shell, 10 tortoise, 11
Pinyin: consonants, 16 shoot, 8 track, 9
Pinyin: vowels, 17 short tailed bird, 10 traditional Chinese, 2
plow, 9 short thread, 8 transitive, 156
power, 8 sickness, 9 tree, 9

General Index Daniel J. Greenhoe (柯晨光)
tripod, 11 verbs, 34 wine, 10

turban, 8 village, 10 woman, 8
two, 8 Work, 105, 106
two hands, 8 walk, 10 work, 8
Types of relations, 156 walk enclosure, 10 work expressions, 106
water, 9 wrap, 8, 9
uh, 17 weapon, 9 wrong, 10
un-, 38 west, 10
use, 9 What do you think?, 100
What time is it?, 68 yellow, 11
valley, 10 wheat, 11 You are my Flower, 132
Verb pairs imbedded with or , 41 white, 9
verb not verb, 45 wind, 10 Zhuyin, 17

222 2009 May 6
Daniel J. Greenhoe (柯晨光) General Index

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Learning Mandarin Chinese

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by Daniel J. Greenhoe (柯晨光)

Middle Kingdom Rosetta Stone series