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ACOUSTIC BEHAVIOUR OF HOLLOW CONCRETE BLOCKS DOPED WITH

DIFFERENT WASTE MATERIALS: A REVIEW

Conference Paper · December 2018

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 International Conference on
Advances in Construction Materials and Structures (ACMS-2018)
IIT Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India, March 7-8, 2018 

ACOUSTIC BEHAVIOUR OF HOLLOW CONCRETE BLOCKS DOPED WITH

DIFFERENT WASTE MATERIALS: A REVIEW

Farhat Hussain1 Amanullah khan2

1
Research Scholar, Department. of Civil Engineering, Lovely professional university, Punjab
famsfarhat24@gmail.com
2
Research Scholar, Department. of Civil Engineering, Lovely professional university, Punjab 
amanuk653@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

With the steep increase in the number vehicles as well as the population, noise has become one
of the major problems in the cities especially for those who reside in houses which are near the
roads. Noise causes physical, psychological and behavioral effect on the person, which reduces
his work efficiency as well as causes disturbance in sleep and other problems as well. So there
is need to improve the sound insulation in the buildings especially in the cities. Different waste
material which has sound absorbing capacity like rubber, polyethylene etc. can be used in the
concrete to improve the sound insulation property. The aim of this paper is to review the
different material which can be doped with concrete to increase its insulation property
furthermore it will be an effective way for the disposal of various waste materials.

Key Words: Waste materials, noise, sound insulation, concrete, building materials.

INTRODUCTION

Acoustics the science of the sound which includes the orign, propagation and auditory sensation of the
sounds and also with the construction and design of the different building units to set the optimum
conditions for producing and listening speeches. Generally the velocity of the sound depends on nature
and the temperature of medium it travels through. The intensity of the sound is amount of the wave
energy crossing per unit time through a unit area taken perpendicular to the direction of the propagation.
Where as the frequency or the pitch of the sound is generally the number of the cycles which a sounding
body makes in each unit of time and is the measure of the quantity of sound. Sound insulation a kind of
measure to foil the sound waves from permeating. It is demonstrated by the sound transmission loss
which is expressed by the difference of decibels between the incident sound and permeated sound. The
higher the numeral is, the better the sound ‘insulating property is. According to the way of transmittance,
the sound that people would like to insulate can be divided into air-borne sound (due to the vibration of
the air) and solid-borne sound (due to the impact on solids or solid vibration). The sound permeation
complies with the “mass law” in acoustics. The sound insulation property of wall or plate depends on
its mass area ratio. The greater the mass is, the harder it is to vibrate this material, thus the better the
insulating property will be. Therefore, it is better to choose dense and heavy material (clay brick,
reinforced concrete, steel plate, etc) as sound insulating material. The best way to insulate the solid-
borne sound is to use the unconnected structure. That means to fill in elastic liner between wall and
spandrel girder, as well as between the frame of the building and the wallboard. The elastic liner can be
chosen from felt, cork, rubber, and elastic carpet. Do not mistake sound absorbing material for sound
insulation material. Note that good sound absorbing material is light, loose and porous.
 International Conference on
Advances in Construction Materials and Structures (ACMS-2018)
IIT Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India, March 7-8, 2018 

LITERATURE REVIEW

Sandesh G. Jharbade and Mayur L. Mawale (2016): Concludes about the control of noise
and sound in the buildings the author reviews the sound insulation construction and
determining of the same by wall construction, floor construction and space planning. Common
errors possible to be occurred during the wall construction are being discussed like the Air or
sound leaks through cracks. A small air gap can completely compromise the effectiveness of
the wall construction. Air or sound leaks through normal openings in the wall. Electrical and
data outlet boxes or other penetrations of the wall for plumbing or sprinkler piping must also
be carefully sealed with flexible acoustic caulking. Structural connections between double stud
partitions. The wood studs in each partition frame of a double stud wall must not be structurally
coupled to the other frame in any way. No plumbing or electrical lines should be located in the
open space of the air gap between the two partition frames. Also Floor and ceiling assemblies
perform two acoustical functions. Like walls, they provide acoustical separation between
adjacent spaces (airborne sound insulation), but they also reduce the sound of footfalls and
other impact sounds from an upper floor (impact insulation).

Shikha Choudhary, Shweta Jain, Shweta Sheokand and Vivek Kumar (2015): Concludes
that Acoustical sustainable materials, either natural or made from recycled materials, are quite
often a valid alternative to traditional synthetic materials. Airborne sound insulation of natural
materials such as flax or recycled cellulose fibres is similar to the one of rock or glass wool.
Many natural materials show good sound absorbing performance; cork or recycled rubber or
polymers layers can be very effective for impact sound insulation. These materials also show
good thermal insulation properties, are often light and they are not harmful for human health.
There is however a necessity to complete their characterization, both from an experimental and
a theoretical point of view, and specially to propose a standard and unique practice to evaluate
their genuine sustainability.

Timothy Gerard Hawkins (2014): Concludes that the the most operative sound insulation
material is steel board. The least effective sound insulation materials are the EPS foam and A4
Paper of 50 sheets. The research experiments under the assumptions like the unique sound
source for the experiment are the frequency generator. Background noise is kept constant and
the reflection and refraction effects of sound are negligible.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

1. The absorption of the sound is mostly due to friction between oscillating molecules.
However it is very small.
2. Furniture, carpets and curtains absorb the sound energy to a fairly good extent.
3. Special materials used on the boundary surfaces for the greater absorption are Porous
materials, resonant panels, cavity resonators and the composite types.
4. The composite absorbers include the acoustic plaster that is plaster containing
granulated insulation material with cement, compressed cane or wood fibre board,
perforated and perforated.
CONCLUSIONS

A good acoustic material is having high coefficient of absorption, heat insulating and non-
 International Conference on
Advances in Construction Materials and Structures (ACMS-2018)
IIT Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India, March 7-8, 2018 
hygroscopic. The boundary surfaces of the hall if properly designed, desired reverberation
time achieved and the unwanted sound absorbed the absorbent material should be distributed
evenly over the wall surfaces of the hall. The factors seen which are important for good
acoustical conditions in a hall include Site selection and planning, dimensions, shape,
ttreatment of the interior surfaces, reverberations and sound absorption.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We are highly thankful to the Civil engineering department of Lovely professional university
for their immense help and guidance in completing this paper. We also acknowledge all the
friends who help us getting the more knowledge about building materials with different sound
insulating properties and help us in successfully completing the task, and at last but not least we
acknowledge our parents who gave us the every possible help at every step and for their prayers
without which the success is not possible at any cost.
.

REFERENCES

1. Sandesh G. Jharbade, Mayur L. Mawale (2016), “Noise Control Of Building”, international

Conference on Electrical, Electronics, and Optimization Techniques (ICEEOT).
2. Shikha Choudhary, Shweta Jain, Shweta Sheokand, Vivek Kumar  (2015), noise control on
buildings”, international journal of innovative research in technology.  Volume 2 issue 7
issn: 2349-6002.
3. Timothy Gerard Hawkins (2014), “studies and research regarding sound reduction materials
with the purpose of reducing sound pollution a thesis presented to the Faculty of California
Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo”.
4. Randall F Barron and Barron F Barron (2002), “Industrial Noise Control and
Acoustics”, Marcel Dekker, New York.
5. F. Asdrubali, “Properties of new sustainablematerials for noise control”, Proc. of the
1stInternational Workshop on Sustainable Materials for Noise Control, Terni, Italy, October
2005.
6. An introduction to noise control in buildings by J. Paul Guyer, P.E., R.A.
7. Sound Insulation Properties of Concrete Walls and Floors, Cement concrete and aggregates
Australia march 2009.
8. Building construction by Dr B C Punmia, Er asok k jain and Dr Arun K jain, Lakshmi
publications private LTD, Daryaganj New Delhi India.

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