Assignment I

Manmade Fibres (TTPC 202)

Name: TULIKA KUMARI

Roll Number: 18110066

Variants of viscose

Fig: Manufacturing of Viscose

INTRODUCTION:
 Viscose fabric is the type of cloth based on artificially
obtained fibres of cellulose origin.This fabric can be
similar to silk, wool, cotton or linen.
Viscose is not a synthetic fiber made from petroleum;
but rather it’s a “regenerated cellulosic fiber” made from
cellulose - most commonly wood pulp, but many plants
can be used, such as bamboo. The cellulose is broken
down, and then “regenerated” into a fiber.

One of the major advantages of viscose over synthetics

is that it is biodegradable.

Viscose from bamboo has an added benefit of being

anti-bacterial and anti-fungal and is hypoallergenic.

In the viscose process, cellulose is treated with caustic

soda and carbon disulfide.This process converts the
cellulose into a highly viscous liquid about the color and
consistency of honey.This can be compared to making
paper mache.Then the mixture is forced through fine
holes in a spinerette like that of a shower head which
produces long filaments of yarn. These yarn filaments
are dumped into a chemical bath of sulfuric acid which
hardens the filaments, thus viscose yarn is obtained.

Comparsion between different types of rayon:

Types / Dope Spinning bath Spinning speed, Any special Properties
variants compositio composition temperature, structural
n (viscosity, stretch % features
cs2%, DP
etc)
Standard Viscosity : Na2So4 : 18% Temperature : It has 1)Tenacity
viscose 30- 50 poise H2So4 : 10% 40-55 °C moderate (both dry and
rayon Cs2 % : 32 ZnSo4 : 1% Spinning Speed : resistance to wet)
DP : 300- 450 Glucose : 2% 120 meters/ acid and a)dry : 2-3 gpd
minute alkalis and b)wet: 1.3-
 generally the 2.2gpd
fibre itself is 2)Elongation :
not damaged 15-30 %
by bleaches. 3)Modulus : 80-
120%
4)Moisture
regain : 11-13
%
5)crystallinity :
33-42 %
Tyre Cord Viscosity: H2S04 : 8-10% Spinning Speed : 1.Elastomers 1) Tenacity
100 poise Na2S04 : 16- 40-60 are used as (both dry and
CS2 % : 40% 24% meters/minute cases to wet)
ZnS04 : 6% Temperature:55° protect them a)dry : 4.5-6.5
C from gpd
Stretch % : 75- abrasion. b)wet : 3.2- 4.8
125% 2.High gpd
resistance to 2) Elongation :
multiple 18-22%
deformation 3) Modulus :
during 60-80%
stretching 4) Moisture
Regain : 11-
13%
5) Crystallinity :
29-45%

HWM Same as that Same as that of Spinning Speed : 1.Stability of 1)Tenacity(bot

of tyre cord tyre cord 20-40 the process is h dry and wet)
meters/minute achieved by a)dry: 4-6 gpd
Temperature : reducing the b)wet: 2.7- 4.6
35°c spinning gpd
Stretch : more speed. 2)Elongation:
than 125 - 150 % 2.Fibre 8-6 %
stretches at 3)Modulus: 60-
an early stage 75%
due to lower 4)Moisturerega
bath in: 10-12 %
temperature 5)crystallinity:
and spinning 37-42%
speed.
Polynosic 6.0% spinning bath Spinning Speed : These fibres 1)Tenacity(bot
cellulose with rather 20-30 dimensionally h dry and wet)
4.4% NaOH dilute acid and meters/minute . stable and do a)dry: 4-7.5 gpd
65 'Y value sodium Spinning not shrink or b)wet: 2.7- 6
500-600 DP sulphate speed:100 get pulled out gpd
500 poise instead of metres/min of shape 2)Elongation:
viscosity usual zinc Temperature : 25 when wet like 8-6 %
sulphate. °C many rayons. 3)Modulus: 55-
 Composition : Stetch : 150 - 300 70%
H2S04 : 2-3% % 4)Moisturerega
Na2S04 : 4-6% in: 9-11 %
Temperature:2 5)crystallinity:3
5°C 9-47 %
Stetch:150-
300%
TenX Less viscosity addition of 1 % Spinning 1.Extremely 1)Tenacity(bot
methyl alcohol speed:40-50 strong ,high in h dry and wet)
(CH2O) to the metres/ minute modulus a)dry: 9.0-10
spin bath or in Temperature: 25 elasticity and gpd
the viscose °C low in b)wet: 7.7- 8
solution Stretch: 500-600 density. gpd
% 2.High 2)Elongation:
roughness 5-7 %
and plasticity. 3)Modulus:
65%
4)Moisturerega
in: 9-11 %
5)crystallinity:
46-52%
Remarks based on the above comparison:
1.Rayon is probably the most misunderstood of all fibres. It is
not a natural fibre,yet it is not synthetic. It is a fibre formed
by regenerating natural materials into a usable form.
2.It is often difficult to identify whether a garment is made
from polynosic or HMV because these almost posses same
properties.
3.Rayon fibre is versatile and can be blended easily with
many fibres.
4.HMV or Polynosic rayon has high wet strength so the
fabrics made from these fibres can usually be machine
washed and tumble dried.

References:
1. Manufacturing of fibre technology, V.B.Gupta and V.K.Kothari.

2. A Text Book of Fibre Science and Technology, S.P.Mishra

3. https://www.textileschool.com

4. cameo.mfa.org
5. https://link.springer.com