ADVANCED EXPERT

A. Multiple choice

The Earth from the air Can hypnosis make you prosperous?
Around ten million people worldwide have been to see I was (0)….. some research into the use of hypnosis in
Yann Arthus-Bertrand’s exhibition of aerial photos (0)….. business training when I (1)….. the website of a hypnotist
The Earth from the Air. The exhibition features shots taken who (2)….. courses in something called ‘abundance
in over 100 different countries and never fails to make a training’ or ‘learning to accumulate wealth through
(1) ….. impression on those who come to see it. (2) ….. part hypnosis’. I was, to say the least, intrigued and so I (3)…..
of the fascination probably comes from the fact that up for a workshop that was (4) ….. to be held in a city-
Bertrand is (3) ….. on record things that the public could not centre hotel.
otherwise see, this alone cannot explain why people are so The hypnosis began by explaining that people that people
(4) ….. affected by the photographs themselves. The could be surprisingly slow to take advantage of money-
exhibition (5) ….. people feeling enriched, with their friends. making opportunities. To illustrate her (5) ….. , she
It’s almost as if the exhibition was communicating revealed the first page of her flipchart. Attached were a
something of the spiritual and educational (6) ….. of travel number of banknotes below the heading: ‘Free money’.
itself. Bertrand was living in Kenya, studying lions, when he The room fell silent. Then one participant (6) ….. from his
began taking the photographs. ‘It’s hard to get a clear idea seat. I assumed he was going to leave the room, but (7)
of that sort of territory from the ground,’ he explains, so ….. he stopped at the flipchart and pocketed a note. For a
when a friend offered to take him up in her plane, he (7) ….. moment, nobody (8) ….. to copy him; then there was a
. ‘Suddenly I could really see the beauty of the landscape in stampede.
a new way,’ he (8) ….. . ‘I was captivated.’ Since that day, Next came the actual hypnosis. I had always imagined it
Bertrand has been taking aerial photographs on a world- would be a vivid, dreamlike experience. In the event, it
wide (9) ….. . For some shots, he (10) ….. with a specific felt more like (9) ….. breathing for relaxation, or listening
plane in mind, but around 80% of the destinations were attentively with your eyes shut. Once under hypnosis, I
found by (11) ….. . What’s more, he never (12) ….. of heard a voice telling me to (10) ….. the obstacles that
searching for new places, always believing that he’ll spot prevented me achieving abundance, and I climbed over
something tomorrow that will be even more impressive the wall that appeared before me. It was terrific feeling.
than what he has seen today. Released from my trance, I felt the hotel on a (11) ….. of
optimism. A stern letter from the bank awaited me at
0 A called B known C labelled D termed home, however, reminding me that once again I’d
1 A persisting B keeping C lasting D remaining reached my credit-card (12) ….. . I realized that ‘achieving
2 A Because B Since C Once D Although abundance’ might take me a while.
3 A giving B holding C catching D putting
4 A widely B deeply C largely D wholly 0 A doing B doing C making D seeking
5 A leaves B sends C makes D lets 1 A dropped B tripped C came D checked
6 A value B profit C gain D credit into over across up
7 A complied B approved C accepted D consented 2 A sets B deals C guides D runs
8 A replies B recalls C repeats D retains 3 A enlisted B signed C enrolled D joined
9 A extent B spread C degree D scale 4 A shortly B currently C briskly D eventually
10 A comes up B gets on C sets on D does away 5 A point B issue C matter D topic
11 A luck B chance C fate D fortune 6 A stood B rose C spun D left
1 7 A instead B although C however D therefore
12 A exhausts B weakens C tires D bores
8 A risked B chanced C feared D dared
9 A strong B soft C deep D heavy
10 A triumph B overcome C outdo D defeat
 A successful working relationship Useless things, umbrellas

For centuries, the typical architectural practice has had at its If there’s one thing I dislike about living in London, it’s when
(0) ….. the skill and reputation of one extremely gifted weather forecasters, after predicting showers, (0) ….. with a
individual. This creative genius has generally been supported smile: ‘So don’t forget your umbrellas.’ But they haven’t said
by a (1) ….. of talented juniors, (2) ….. for bringing the anything of the (1) ….. this week for the very good reason
master’s designs to life. Normally it is impossible to (3) ….. that it’s been both wet and windy, and umbrellas are useless
out one especially important underling, but in the office of in a (2) ….. wind. Today, you can see people all over the city
one of London’s fastest-rising architectural stars, David who look as if they are being pulled along by their umbrellas.
Adjaye, identifying that pivotal (4) ….. is simple. It is Karen You see them twisting and (3) ….. as if struggling to control
Wong, managing director of his ever-expanding business. some large ill-behaved bird. Then suddenly, the umbrella
blows inside out, after which it is (4) ….. useless, either
In his (5) ….. thirties, David Adjaye, is one of the city’s most because the material is torn or because the metal (5) ….. is
fashionable architects, designing, amongst other things, the broken.
private homes of celebrities such as the actor Ewan Another (6) ….. of umbrellas is that no object is so frequently
McGregor. In (6) ….. to this, Adjaye’s impressive design for left in public places. In (7) ….. of twelve thousand a year are
the building that will (7) ….. the Nobel Peace Centre in Oslo is abandoned on the London Underground alone, according to
also (8) ….. him a lot of international recognition. a radio report broadcast this week. ‘You used to get a lot of
very nice golfing umbrellas,’ an employee told the reporter.
Karen Wong is an arts graduate from Boston, Massachusetts, ‘But now they tend (8) ….. to be dumpy, folding ones.’ One of
who possesses one of the sharpest minds and most efficient these is, of course, more (9) ….. , because it will fit into your
personalities working in architecture today. David is in great bag or briefcase, thereby (10) ….. its chances of being left
(9) ….., not only for his architectural skills, but also for public somewhere. But unfortunately, a folding umbrella perform
(10) ….. and media interviews. Meanwhile, Karen is the no better in the wind, (11) ….. may even be less robust. I
backbone of the office, taking the (11) ….. off David’s can’t help but think that if we can invent ingenious things like
shoulders by dealing with clients, contractors and others. the mobile phone and the MP3 player, then someone should
Every creative genius needs a firm base to work from, and have (12)….. up with a gadget to replace the umbrella by
David is lucky to have Karen. She not only understands now.
creativity, but is also (12) ….. of realizing a project. It’s a
combination that is quite rare in the artistic world these
0 A add B remind C claim D warn
days. 1 A genre B type C sort D category
2 A large B tough C heavy D high
0 A heart B middle C essence D focus
3 A winding B trailing C turning D curling
1 A cast B side C team D crew
4 A rendered B remained C resulted D regarded
2 A responsible B agreeable C liable D dependable
5 A frame B net C grid D stand
3 A separate B select C stand D single
6 A outcome B upshot C drawbackD letdown
4 A issue B figure C factor D aspect
7 A quantify B advance C excess D amount
5 A last B end C late D final
8 A widely B mostly C greatly D hugely
6 A addition B supplement C attachment D extension
9 A amenable B comfortable C convenient
D accommodating
7 A home B reside C lodge D house
10 A removing B receding C reducing D replacing
8 A lending B gaining C bearing D drawing
11 A indeed B whereas C instead D however
9 A demand B claim C request D call
12 A earn B come C get D gain
10 A invitations B encounters C audiences D appearances
11 A bother B load C matter D bulk 2
12 A capable B practised C skilful D experienced
 A family gap year The eBay Phenomenon
When Jonathan and Claire Spencer, (0) ….. by their two children Located in an elegant 18th-century building in London is the
aged eight and 11, set off on a 17,000-mile voyage from nerve (0) ….. of one of the world’s most
England to Australia in their 51-foot yacht Attitude, Jonathan public companies. It (1) ….. by the name
(1) ….. the year long voyage as ‘the gentlest way of having and eBay. Not only has the company gone
extreme experience’. But the couple were not trying to (2) ….. from Internet hobby site to potent economic force, with 95
anything out of their system, and certainly didn’t see the trip as million users in just ten years, it is (2) ….. regarded as having
something which had to be achieved at all (3) …... . Indeed, in altered the (3) ….. of commercial life as we know it.
spite of the enormity of their adventure, the Spencers were in
no sense dropping out. Both are (4) ….. sailors, and regarded If you want to buy anything, from a nail file to an airliner, eBay
their adventure as a career break, as a kind of family gap year. is the Internet site to go to. A million items appear for sale
each day in what is (4) ….. an online auction. If you like the
Claire had been (5) ….. a year’s unpaid leave from her job, and description of an item, you make a bid within a given time
the family rented out their home in London. Meanwhile, limit; if you (5) ….. to be the highest bidder, you become the
arrangements were made for the children to return to school (6) ….. owner of the goods in question. But the most
after a year’s (6) ….. this had the school’s blessing, (7) ….. a astounding factor behind eBay is not the range and value of
private tutor was employed to keep them up to (8) ….. with the the goods on (7) ….., but the fact that the whole business is
curriculum. based on mutual trust. Rarely do you find people so willing to
buy unseen goods from an unknown source.
Jonathan, the managing director of a property company, was
able to take his job with him. He worked out a way of (9) ….. his Part of the explanation for this (8) ….. in the fact that 95% of
duties without actually (10) ….. foot in the office. As you might eBay buyers and sellers are private individuals. The company
imagine, the arrangement was entirely dependent on has expanded through (9) ….. recommendations rather than
technology, and the cabin on Attitude was (11) ….. out with a smart marketing, and there’s a real (10) ….. of community
communications satellite which (12) ….. him to keep in phone about it. What’s more, using eBay (11) ….. to that instinctive
and email contact with his workplace. Could this be the gap sense of satisfaction people get from the process of bargaining
year of the future? – and from actually getting a bargain at the end of it. (12) ….., it
0 A accompanied B escorted C supplemented D attended puts the fun back into shopping.
1 A expressed B described C explained D outlined
0 A centre B heart C focus D middle
2 A let B take C remove D get
1 A calls B goes C known D greets
3 A costs B events C accounts D lengths
2 A largely B deeply C greatly D widely
4 A fond B keen C eager D doting
3 A course B route C flow D trend
5 A granted B conferred C consented D yielded
4 A precisely B effectively C absolutely
D exactly
6 A omission B truancy C absence D default
5 A turn out B check in C show upD send off
7 A so that B as well as C even if D as long as
6 A proud B conceited C boastfulD vain
8 A pace B speed C rate D stride
7 A issue B supply C question D offer
9 A functioning B achieving C fulfilling D satisfying
8 A finds B draws C lies D comes
10 A placing B setting C putting D stepping
9 A matter-of-fact B man-to-man C tell-taleD word-of-mouth
11 A stocked B equipped C fitted D furnished
10 A sense B feel C touch D mood
12 A enabled B enforced C ensured D engaged
11 A entices B attracts C tempts D appeals
12 A Otherwise B In short C InsteadD Despite that

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 The world’s most talkative bird
N’kisi is the name of a grey parrot, bred in captivity, which (0) ….. to the artist Aimee Morgana. Every day, Aimee speaks to
her parrot, explaining what she does in simple sentences and encouraging him to develop what she (1) ….. as a spontaneous
and creative relationship with language. So successful has she been that N’kisi is now the world’s most talked-about talking
bird.

Parrots and people have been (2) ….. companions for centuries, and everybody knows that parrots can be taught to talk. As
Aimee explains, however, parrots can do more than just (3) ….. back what is said to them. N’kisi says what he wants, when he
wants and, (4) ….. most animal trained to perform human-like tasks, he receives no form of reward in return for his
utterances.

N’kisi’s vocabulary (5) ….. to around 950 words which he uses in (6) ….. and with past, present and future verb tenses. What is
(7) ….. impressive, however, is that N’kisi doesn’t speak randomly, but actually (8) …..on what’s going on around him, even
inventing original expressions, for example calling Aimee’s aromatherapy oils ‘pretty smell medicine’. He also (9) ….. exciting
events, like his first ride in a car, and pesters Aimee to take him out again like a persistent toddler: ‘Wanna go in a car right
now!’

The life (10) ….. of a parrot is roughly equivalent to that of a human being, Six-year-old N’kisi is (11) ….. just beginning his
education, and Aimee has (12) ….. hopes that his communicative abilities will continue to increase as he matures.

0 A belongs B possesses C retains D shelters

1 A illustrates B describes C demonstrates D emphasises
2 A firm B near C tight D close
3 A respond B reply C repeat D replicate
4 A unlike B dissimilar C different D unrelated
5 A climbs B runs C makes D totals
6 A reference B background C context D situation
7 A particularly B largely C chiefly D importantly
8 A mentions B discusses C observes D comments
9 A reminds B recalls C reminisces D reviews
10 A expectancy B assumption C forecast D anticipation
11 A otherwise B therefore C nonetheless D instead
12 A wide B deep C high D strong

2. Open Cloze

The disappearing art of carpentry

In a little carpentry workshop deep (0)……………… the English countryside, joiners have been making
hand-crafted furniture for generations. Today, there is also a visitor centre, a gift shop and a viewing

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gallery (1) ……………… you find yourself behind a glass panel, nose-to-nose with some joiners (2)
……………… are busily working at their benches. They are cutting timber, making joints and carving
wood – the sort of operations that carpenters have been carrying (3) ……………… for centuries.
It may seem odd, therefore, that tourists (4) ……………… be interested in observing them. But many
clearly (5) ……………… , probably because they will rarely, (6) ……………… ever, have seen a (8) ………………
so long ago could be witnessed in workshops up and down the country, are now becoming (9) ………………
unusual that skilled joiners are an endangered species, and watching them at work has been turned (10)
……………… a spectator sport.
One reason for this (11) ……………… the trend towards the mass-production of furniture, but there has
also been a change in values. In the past, becoming a craftsperson (12) ……………… to be a worthwhile
ambition, people tend to regard skilled manual work (13) ……………… suitable only for those youngsters
not bright (14) ……………… to get onto computer-studies courses. (15) ……………… a shame that is.

World’s luckiest man wins the lottery

Frane Selak, a 74-year-old from Croatia, has been dubbed the world’s luckiest man by his friend (0)
……………… hitting the jackpot with his first lottery ticket in 40 years. Frane’s story was picked up by the
world’s media (1) ……………… so much because of this particular stroke of luck, but because it comes after
(2) ……………… life characterized by lucky escapes.
The first came in 1962 when a train Frane was travelling on jumped the rails and plunged (3) ………………
an icy river. Frane made (4) ……………… to the riverbank suffering (5) ……………… hypothermia, shock and a
broken arm. A year later, he was thrown out of a DC-8 airliner when a door flew open. This time, Frane
was lucky enough to land in a haystack and escaped (6) ……………… cuts, bruises and shock. In 1970, he
lost control of his car, (7) ……………… plunged 300 feet down a precipice (8) ……………… exploding, Frane,
of course, managed to jump out just in (9) ………………, landing unhurt in a tree. It was after this accident
that his friends gave him the nickname ‘Lucky’, but (10) ……………… Frane says, ‘There are two ways of
looking at it – I am (11) ……………… the world’s unluckiest man or the luckiest. I prefer to believe (12)
……………… latter.’
In all, Frane has survived seven major disasters, including accidents on most forms of transport. So is
Frane (13) ……………… forward to a quiet retirement on his £600,000 jackpot? It (14) ……………… seem not.
First, he’ll be marrying his girlfriend, who is 20 years (15) ……………… junior, then he’ll be investing in a
speedboat!

Give the brain a breather

If you didn’t know what was going (0) ………………, you might think the children at Westfields Primary
School were demonstrating a bizarre dance routine. They are swinging their arms above their heads – to
the right and the left – and as they (1) ……………… so, they are also reciting the alphabet.

5
What they are actually doing (2) ……………… having what the school calls a ‘brain break’ – in (3) ………………
words, using a specially designed physical exercise to help them concentrate and learn. The exercises (4)
……………… supposed to help different parts of the brain to work in harmony, and many of them involve
(5) ……………… are called ‘cross-lateral’ movements, (6) ………………,it is thought, help the left and right
sides of the brain to work together. An example of this is marching on the spot whilst at the (7)
……………… time touching your left knee with your right hand, (8) ……………… vice versa. Another exercise,
known (9) ……………… ‘Nose and Ears’, involves putting your right forefinger on your nose, crossing over
your left hand to touch your right earlobe, then swapping. It is actually quite difficult to make (10)
……………… that your arms always end up crossed over.
Westfields is (11) ……………… of a growing number of schools to incorporate such exercises (12) the
school day. Doing the exercises helps the children settle down quickly after break time, and can help
when concentration begins to flag, halfway (13) ……………… a lesson. In (14) ……………… to their beneficial
effects, the exercises are also fun – so they (15) ……………… down extremely well with the children.

Special offers you can’t refuse

Anyone (0) ……………… has ever done the weekly shop for an average British family will know that you
come home with (1) ……………… sorts of free gifts and promotions. These might include a free toy or
perhaps a bestselling novel or even the chance to win a holiday or a new house.
The free gifts, competitions and offers on packaged goods are designed to make those products stand
(2) ……………… on the supermarket shelves. Clearly it’s a marketing strategy that works, (3) ………………
companies wouldn’t do it. (4) ……………… is more, for a large number of consumers, decisions about (5)
……………… brand to buy are clearly influenced (6) ……………… the promise of a free gift or the offer on a
product’s packaging. Over 70 per cent of British families with children visit a supermarket each week,
and make over 70 per cent of their buying decisions (7) ……………… the spur of the moment.
(8) ……………… breakfast cereals targeted at children (9) ……………… an example. Manufacturers of these
products know that people won’t buy their product (10) ……………… there’s a gift or an offer. So they (11)
……………… sure there always is one. (12) ……………… other words, the product with the most attractive
offer picks (13) ……………… the most sales.
One couple who (14) ……………… married in London last year took this type of consumer behavior to an
extreme degree. Heinz, the food manufacturer, was running a ‘win a free house’ promotion, so the pair
asked all their guests to bring along tins of food (15) ……………… of conventional presents.

4. WORDFORMATION

The voice of tomorrow causes a storm

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 Hayley Westenra, a pretty teenage soprano from New Zealand, has found (0) ……………… at the centre of
an unseemly
The lives of celebrities are coming (0)………………… under the close scrutiny row in the INCREASE
of the public at large. One consequence of this trend is that it can sometimes classical
be difficult for people in the spotlight to forge genuine and lasting music world.
(1) ………………… with others. When it comes to making friends, celebrities Her latest RELATION
have a (2) ………………… to pick other celebrities, for example. This is not album is TEND
(3) …………………, of course, given the nature of the social circles in which such people move, about to be EXPECT
and given the fact that one of the (4) ………………… of the celebrity lifestyle is released, ATTRACT
(5) ………………… the opportunity it offers to rub shoulders with the rich and famous. and there is SUPPOSE
(1)
Very often, however, an air (6) ………………… can hang around a high-profile friendship, ……………… TENSE
where an outward show of affection actually masks an underlying sign that it
(7) ………………… . In the celebrity world, friends clearly have to be chosen with will make RIVAL
(8) ………………… care. There needs to be a degree of mutual her into an CONSIDER
(9) ………………… combined with equal standing in the eyes of the outside world, so that even bigger ADMIRE
there is no question of one friend appearing to be in the shadow of another. How else can star. This,
we explain (10) ………………… of close friendships between stars who, in any other situation, however, EXIST
would have very little in common? will only
serve to annoy
further some purists in the world of classical music. These critics of (2) ……………… is known as ‘crossover’
classical hits marketed as easy listening, regard the popularity of artist (4) ……………… as Westenra,
Charlotte Church and Russel Watson (5) ……………… a symptom of an inexorable cultural decline; a
‘dumbing down’ of a serious art from.
Hayley is dismissive (6) ……………… such people. ‘I don’t really understand their position,’ she says, adding
(7) ……………… anything which increases the appeal of classical music amongst the young must be a good
thing. She has heard from many young fans who have (8) ……………… up the violin or piano as a result of
enjoying her albums. They (9) ………………, she argues, certainly never have (10) ……………… interested in
classical music (11) ……………… it hadn’t been made accessible to them.
She (12) ……………… well gave a point there, of course. Until the recent spate of crossover releases,
interest in classical music amongst young people (13) ……………… been in steep decline (14) ………………
decades. It’s hard to believe this revival of interest can be sustained (15) there are young stars like
Hayley Westenra to be its role models.

Famous friends

7
 Working as a team

In many jobs the (0) ………………… to work as a member of a team is of great importance. ABLE
But when it comes to developing a good working relationship with colleagues, life is not
always a bed of noses. These days, most employers (1) ………………… the fact that disputes KNOWLEDGE
between staff are not only (2) ………………… in the short term, but can have a negative effect DISRUPT
on a company’s long-term performance if not tackled (3) ………………… . EFFECT

For this reason, team-building courses have become very (4) ………………… in recent years. FASHION
Courses can be held in the workplace, but most companies find that it is better if
employees are sent on (5) ………………… courses lasting two or three days. Away from the RESIDE
office environment, and faced with understanding of each other’s (6) ………………… and STRONG
weaknesses.

Some courses appeal to the more (7) ………………… side of people’s character and include ADVENTURE
activities such as skydiving, whilst others are more (8) ………………… , like art and musical CREATE
workshops. These may allow people to demonstrate (9) ………………… talents not always HIDE
obvious from their normal duties. However, the organisers are keen to stress that such
courses are only (10) ………………… to the employees if they are followed up by meaningful BENEFIT
discussions afterwards.

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 The pleasures of slow food
The (0) ………………… of what has become known as fast-food culture, with its standardized GROW
restaurants and meals in identical takeaway boxes, shows no sign of slowing down.
Indeed, ready meals that can be popped into the microwave are (1) ………………… DENIABLE
convenient and the market for such food continues to expand. At the same time, another
trend is developing, perhaps in (2) ………………… to the fast food itself, and this involves a RESPOND
rediscovery of the joys of traditional food and methods of (3) ………………… . This book is at PREPARE
the centre of that rediscovery.

The Pleasures of Slow Food is a (4) ………………… of heritage recipes, artisan skills and the CELEBRATE
(5…………………) of a philosophy which aims to make good food a part everyday life. ‘Slow EMERGE
food’ is the name of a 65,000-strong international (6) ………………… which numbers amongst MOVE
its members some of the most (7) ………………… names in the world of food. INFLUENCE

The book showcases over sixty recipes from the world’s most (8) ………………… chefs. In PRESTIGE
these dishes, local handmade ingredients feature (9) ………………… alongside traditional PROMINENT
cooking methods. There are also profiles of some of Slow Food’s leading exponents, such
as Italian cheese maker Roberto Rubino. This engaging collection of fantastic recipes and
personal stories makes for an enjoyable read. It will also be a source (10) ………………… for INSPIRE
anyone wishing to bring the best of the world’s food to their table.

Science matters

The scene is the Olympic Games in around fifteen years’ time. All eyes are on an
(0) ………………… gifted twenty-years-old athlete who runs like the wind. What makes this EXCEPTION
athlete so special is that he was born with an (1) ………………… genetic advantage: enormous ORDINARY
muscles. The body contains a natural mechanism that normally acts as a brake on muscle
(2) ………………… . In the case of this athlete, however , for some reason that mechanism DELELOP
simply didn’t work. (3) ………………… who have studied the rules can find no reason to (4) LAW
………………… him. He has taken no drugs; his is a natural advantage. Officials are faced with QUALIFY
a dilemma. Should the rules against doping be relaxed to give his less genetically endowed
(5)………………… more of a fair chance? COMPLETE

The Olympic scenario is (6) ………………… , but the person is not. He’s real five-year-old HYPOTHESIS
German boy who is (7) ………………… able to hold two 6.6lb weights with his arms extended REPORT
(8) ………………… , a feat beyond many adults. He is the human equivalent of the so-called HORIZON
might mice, whose muscle power was genetically enhanced by scientists searching for a
new form of (9) ………………… for muscular diseases. It hasn’t taken people long to see the TREAT
sporting potential of such genetic (10) ………………… , however. MODIFY

9
 Iron men let off steam
What are known as extreme sports
have become (0) ………………… popular
in recent years. But what if you’ve
already tried bungee jumping,
paragliding and all the others, but
still haven’t (1) ………………… the urge
to prove yourself by talking part in
(2) ………………… challenging activities?
The answer could lie in a new activity
which goes by the name extreme
ironing. (3) ………………… describe
themselves as ‘ironists’ and what
they like to do is to climb mountains,
go surfing or trek cross country,
doing their ironing along the way.
It all started in 1997, when Phillip
Shaw, a mountaineering
(4) ………………… from Leicester in the
English midlands decided to iron his
shirts in the garden on a hot day. His
flatmate (5) ………………… described
this as ‘extreme ironing’ and the idea
of the spoof sport was born. The
sport’s worldwide (6) …………………
body, the Extreme Ironing Bureau,
has received twenty thousand hits on
its website, and future expeditions
include such (7) ………………… activities
as hang-gliding ironing and white-
water ironing.
For ironists, who are now earning the
(8) ………………… respect of some
mainstream extreme-sports fans, the
motivation for the sport comes from
the chance to combine the thrill of a
extreme (9) ………………… activity with
the (10) ………………… of a well-
pressed shirt.
Laugh
What the world watches on TV
Over 2 billion people in developing
INCREASE countries now have access to
(0) ………………… television. There are, WEST
however, few (1) ………………… statistics RELY
to give us information about the
COME pattern of television viewing in Africa
and Asia. We know a great deal, for
PHYSICAL example, about the programming
strategies of international
broadcasters, but very little about
PARTICIPATE what is actually watched, and there
hasn’t been very much
(2) ………………into the impact of SEARCH
programmers.
There is, however, a (3) ………………… to TEND
assume that the world’s poor people,
unlike the media-aware rich, will be
(4) ………………… influenced by that EASY
ENTHUSE across cultures, the (5) ………………… to RESPOND
well-known programmers can be as
diverse as it is (6) ………………… because PREDICT
JOKING we all bring our own experience to
bear on what we see.
GOVERN For example, one study revealed that
in rural Algeria people watching the
US soap opera Dallas were not
particularly impressed by its capitalist
LIKELY values, or indeed by the
(7) ………………… lifestyle enjoyed by LUXURY
the characters. What made the
greatest
(8) ……………… on them was another IMPRESS
GRUDGE aspect of the series entirely: its
(9) ………………… of a close-knit family in PORTRAY
a patriarchal world, something fast
disappearing in Algerian culture.
DOOR People were therefore inclined to
out loud (Radio view
SATISFY
thep.m.)
4: 8.30 programmers through rather
(10) ………………… eyes. NOSTALGIA
10
If you tune into Radio 4 at 8.30 this evening, you will hear a delightful
(0) ………………… programme on the subject of laughter, presented by Nicola Green. DOCUMENT
(1) ………………… , when she went out with her tape recorder and started laughing in INITIAL
public places, people were a little (2) ………………… of her. But as she demonstrates SUSPICION
rather (3) ………………… on this short programme, once one person starts laughing, it’s CHARM
not long before everybody joins in. It seems to be an (4) ………………… response. VOLUNTARY

The scientific (5) ………………… of humour is a rather serious subject, and Nicola wisely ANALYSE
doesn’t go into this, concentrating instead on what makes people laugh, which is not
(6) ………………… the same thing. Children, of course, will laugh at almost anything: NECESSARY
just an (7) ………………… noise or a funny name will set them off and after that even AMUSE
then most banal comment can seem hilarious to them. Nicola’s only slightly
(8) ………………… conclusion is that we probably laugh less as we get older. This is DEPRESS
probably because if we really give way to (9) ………………… peels of laughter, we start HELP
to feel vulnerable – something we are less comfortable about with increasing age
and (10) ………………… . I can’t help but think that’s rather a shame! RESPONSIBLE

Word families
1 GENERAL
a. It’s dangerous to ………………… from a limited number of examples.
b. It’s impossible to make ………………… about what men and women are like.
c. I find my colleagues are ………………… very pleasant and helpful.
d. The discussion got no further than ……………… another meeting will be needed to decided on
action.
2 INTEND
a. The plane had to divert from its ……………… destination due to bad weather.
b. He’s full of good ………………, but he never actually does anything.
c. He said his rudeness was……………… and that he regretted it.
d. His speech was……………… vague and lacking in concrete promises.
3 DEPEND
a. His friends knew that he was utterly reliable and ……………… .
b. The company plans to split into two separate ……………… companies.
c. Western countries need to reduce their ……………… on oil.
d. This small state has been fighting for ……………… for nearly 20 years.
4 POWER
a. The new Mercedes has an even more ……………… engine.
b. He was ……………… to stop the children from drowning.
c. The course aims to ……………… young people by giving them confidence.
d. Her uncle was a tall man, and ……………… built.
5. ORIGIN

11
 a. The old house still has a lot of its ……………… features.
b. No one knows the ……………… of this custom.
c. She is a young artist with a lot of talent and ………………. .
d. I’m ……………… from Canada, but I’ve lived in London for 20 years now.
c. A lot of their ideas are rather dull and ……………… .
6 PLEASE
a. It was a ……………… to meet you.
b. What a ……………… surprise! It’s lovely to see you.
c. Shareholders who are ……………… with this decision should write to the chairman to complain.
d. His landscape paintings are ……………… to they eye, if not very exciting.
e. One way to make reading ……………… is to find books that your children will love to read.
7 VARY
a. The music is played on ……………… kinds of instruments.
b. The students on the course come from very ……………… backgrounds.
c. The quality of her work is rather ……………… .
d. Several government ministers hold opinions which are at …………… with the official
government view.
e. We tried several different methods, with ……………… degrees of success.
f. They sell a very wide ……………… of chesses.
g. He has been ……………… described as courageous and foolhardly.

5. Rephrasing

Use of English p 19 Use of English p 35

1 My grandmother was the most hardworking person I’ve
ever known.
MORE
I’ve…………………………………………….than my grandmother.
2 Robin has not been back to his birthplace for over
twenty years.
LAST
It is over twenty years……………………………………………………
to his birthplace.
3 A strike by check-staff led to all flights being delayed.
BECAUSE
There were…………………………………………………of a strike
by check-in staff.
4 Everyone assumed that Dennis would sell the haunted
house he inherited from his uncle
GRANTED
People…………………………………………………Dennis would
sell the haunted house he inherited from his uncle. 12
5 You have to pierce the plastic film first and then you can
put the tray in the microwave oven.
BEFORE
1. What are the chances of the filmi becoming a box-office
success?
LIKELY
How ……………………………………………………… will become a
box-office success?
2. You could have organized your report in a more logical
way.
SET
Your report could ……………………………………………………… in
a more logical way.
3. It’s possible that some supporters got into the stadium
without paying by climbing over a fence.
GAINED
Some supporters may ……………………………………………………
to the stadium by climbing over a fence.
4. As Silin wasn’t answering his emails, Roger assumed she
was away.
MUST
Roger thought that ………………………………………………………
she wasn’t answering his emails.
5. Only fully-qualified teachers should apply for this post.
 Use of English p 63 Use of English p 79

1. The idea of going to the new health centre was Pat’s 1. I regret upsetting my parents last weekend.
suggestion. WISH
FORWARD I ……………………………………………………… parents last
It was Pat ……………………………………………………… idea of going weekend.
to the new health centre. 2. I never intended to invite Miranda to the party.
2. More than anything else Grace wanted to start her own HAD
aromatherapy clinic. I never ……………………………………………………… Miranda to
AMBITION the party.
Grace’s ……………………………………………………… to start her own 3. Tom wrote a novel about India, a country he had never
aromatherapy clinic. visited.
3. Providing you look after it carefully, you can borrow my EVER
laptop. Tom wrote a novel about India without
LONG ……………………………………………………… foot in the country.
You can borrow my laptop ………………………………………………… 4. When she’s out of the office, Toni would rather contact
good care of it. her colleagues by email.
4. I wasn’t surprised to hear that Martin had joined the gym. TOUCH
CAME Toni prefers ………………………………………………………
It ……………………………………………………… me to hear that colleagues by email when she’s out of the office.
Martin had joined the gym. 5. From the woman’s face you got the impression that
5. I will only try acupuncture if my doctor approves of the she’d been crying.
idea. IF
UNLESS From the woman’s face, it ………………………………………………
I won’t try acupuncture ……………………………………………………… she’d been crying.
my doctor’s approval for the idea. 6. I don’t want to hear all the details of your operation.
6. It’s very unlikely that space tourism will take off in my RATHER
lifetime. I’d ……………………………………………………… me all the details
HARDLY of your operation.
Space tourism is ……………………………………………………… in my 7. It annoys me that Ian is always leaving that door open.
lifetime. WISH
7. Clarissa told me how very good this anti-ageing cream is. I ……………………………………………………… keep leaving that
HIGHLY door open.
This anti-ageing cream was ………………………………………………… 8. Deanna is clearly very enthusiastic about her new hobby.
Clarissa. DEAL
8. We arrived at the restaurant too late to order a full meal. Deanna is showing ………………………………………………………
ABLE for her new hobby.
Had we arrived at the restaurant earlier,
……………………………………………………… order a full meal.

13
 Use of English p 97
1. Everyone thinks that man is dishonest.
THOUGHT
That man ……………………………………………………… dishonest.
2. Rumours suggest that the couple will announce their engagement very soon.
ABOUT
The couple are ……………………………………………………… announce their engagement.
3. ‘Don’t forget that you need to phone the doctor, Ted,’ said his wife.
REMINDED
Ted’s wife ……………………………………………………… needed to phone the doctor.
4. ‘Thank you for the offer, Roy, but I don’t need any help,’ said Suzy
TURNED
Suzy ……………………………………………………… offer of help.
5. ‘Please don’t leave valuables in your room,’ said the hotel receptionist to the tourists.
ADVISED
The hotel receptionist ……………………………………………………… leave valuables in their room.
6. As well as playing the trombone brilliantly, Gus has also won competitions.
BRILLIANT
Not only ……………………………………………………… trombone players, he has also won competitions.
7. For security reasons, you are asked not to keep a written record of your email password.
INTERESTS
In ………………………………………………………, you are asked not to keep a written record of your email
password.
8. This door should be kept closed at all times.
CIRCUMSTANCES
Under ……………………………………………………… left open.

UPSTREAM COURSEBOOK

1.Multiple choice

1.

Something different?

Looking for an unforgettable way to celebrate that special occasion? Well, the 1)...........
of options open to today’s youngsters – or even ’oldster’ for that matter, is far cry for the
traditional party or restaurant visit. No longer is it 2)........... sufficient to invite your friends
round, buy some food and 3).......... a baker to produce a cake. No, today’s birthday boy or girl
5).......... , as long as it is unusual and impressive.

14
 Top of this year’s popular 6).............. are as follow: taking some friends rally driving,
helicopter lessons, plane trip and parachuting and hot air ballooning. Then, there is 7)...........
group bungee jumping or taking your buddies on a stomach-churning, white water rafting
8)........... down rapids.

The desire for adventurous celebrations is not restricted to the 9)............. . I recently met
an octogenarian who celebrated 10).............. the milestone of eighty by having a flying lesson.

Of course, if you hav the money the world is your oyster. A well-heeled relation of mine
flew fifty of his friends to a Caribbean island to mark the passing of his half century.
Unfortunately I was only a 11)............. relaton.

Undoubtedly, the more traditional forms of celebrations do continue tu 12)............ the

less extravagant or less adventurous among us. However, with my own half century 13)...........
on the horizon I would not say no to a weekend in Paris and a meal at the Eiffel Tower. I can
14)............. dream. Perhaps by the time I’m eighty I’ll be able to affort it.

1 A scale B degree C range D variance

2 A hoped B decided C marked D considered
3 A make B get C let D considered
4 A pefectly B dearly C outrageously D explicitly
5 A goes B comes C wins D takes
6 A experiments B extravagances C exposures D expences
7 A ever B always C more D instead
8 A travel B voyage C ride D crossing
9 A adolescents B teenagers C youth D young
10 A attaining B arriving C getting D reaching
11 A distant B remote C faraway D slight
12 A pacify B distract C absorb D satisfy
13 A appearing B looming C darkening D showing
14 A however B but C nevertheless D anyway

15
2.

Peer pressure

One of the 0)....B... influences on children today is that of their peers. What their
classmates think, how they dress and how they act in class and out of it 1)...........the behaviour of
nearly every child at school. In their 2)........ not to be different, some children go so 3)...... as to
hide their intelligence and ability in case they are made 4)....... of. Generally,children do not want
to stand out from the 5)......... . They want to 6)........ in, to be accepted. In psychological 7).........
the importance of peer pressure cannot be overemphasised. There is a lot of evidence that it has
great 8)....... on all aspects of children’s lives, from the clothes they wear, the music they listen to
and their 9)........ to study to their ambitions in life, their relationships and their 10).......of self-
worth. However, as children grow up into adolescents, inviduality becomes more acceptable,
11)....... even, and in their 12)....... for their own personal style, the teenager and young adult will
begin to experiment and be more willing to 13)..........the risk of rejection by the group. Concern
about intellectual prowess and 14).........good exams results can dominate as the atmosphere of
competition develops and worries about the future 15)......... any fears of appearing to brainy.

0 A hardest B strongest C heaviest D fattest

1 A affect B result C impress D vary
2 A actions B result C measures D efforts
3 A long B steps C far D much
4 A joke B laugh C fun D ridicule
5 A party B crowd C circle D band
6 A set B fall C get D fit
7 A terms B words C points D means
8 A running B bearing C meaning D standing
9 A opinion B view C attitude D consideration
10 A reaction B sense C impression D awareness
11 A desirable B bearable C tolerable D likeable
12 A hunt B chase C course D search
13 A carry B run C bring D cope
14 A succeding B achieving C earning D winning
15 A overthrow B overflow C overbalance D override

3.

Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals

Mission statement

16
 We believe that animals have value 0)..A..... economic measurement, and are 1)........... to
legal, moral abd ethical consideration and protection. Our mission is to act as an advocate on
2)......... of animals and as a 3)......... of their rights; to provide for the well-being of the animals
that are abandoned, injured, 4)........... to unfair or cruel treatment, or otherwise in 5)........ ; to
cutivate in the people of our community consideration for the animals whose world we share;
and to 6).......... respect for all living 7)........... .

How YOU can help

Many of our programmes and services are 8)......... by our volunteers. If you love animals
and enjoy working with them, WE NEED YOU!
Funds Volunteers work with the Fund Development
Department on programmes and special
events to 9)........ money to support our
10)....... for animals.
Mobile Adoption Through our Mobile Adoption Programme,
volunteers help take animals to public sites
throughout the community. 11).......... for the
animalson site and help screen potential
adopters to 12).......... that our pets are placed
in caring and loving houses.
Pets For People Volunteers assist 13)......... citizens with
choosing and adopting new companion pets.
Special Assignments There are often 14).......... term assignments
that volunteers can help us with, such as
research 15)......... , clerical assistance,
graphic design work, etc.

0 A beyond B far from C outside D ahead of

1 A permitted B allowed C entitled D deserved
2 A side B aid C part D behalf
3 A fighter B defender C keeper D rescuer
4 A subjected B suffered C placed D endured
5 A need B essence C necessity D want
6 A infuse B introduce C promote D campaign
7 A objects B things C souls D bodies
8 A done B run C made D given
9 A gather B build up C collect D raise
10 A efforts B tries C attempts D challenges
11 A look B treat C guard D care
12 A assure B insure C ensure D indicate
13 A old B pensioner C senior D major
14 A short B instant C limited D immediate
15 A jobs B projects C tasks D duties

17
4.
Colin McRae
Despite being paid over £3m a year by Ford, enough to live wherever he 0)..A.... , Colin
McRae is still 1)........ in the umpretentious Scottish town where he was born. True, he has a(n)
2).......... in Monaco and a yacht in Majorca, but much of the timewhen he isn’t rallying he is in
Lanark. In the pub, the regulars 3)....... give him a second glance, which is one of the real
4)........... of his job: since he spends his 5).......... professional life with his 6)......... concealed
behind a helmet, he can enjoy his wealth without the associated inconveniences of fame.
Next month, McRae 7).......... in the RAC Rally of Great Britain – at the end of which he
hopes te be 8)....... world champion once again. When he first did it, he was 27. Rallying, he
says, 9)......... a vast accumulation of knowledge and experience to 10)........ to the top. At 33, he
feels he still has manu more years left in him and many more things he would like to achieve.
For a 11)............ , he’d like to see his sport 12)......... more popularity. This, he hopes, will come
from a new television 13)......... that begins next 14).......... – a contract with Channel 4. The
channel will be showing regular 15).......... from every rallying event around the globe.

0 A fancies B fantasises C imagines D pictures

1 A founded B estabilishment C based D centred
2 A location B place C area D land
3 A hardly B roughly C slightly D narrowly
4 A awards B rewards C prizes D honours
5 A complete B entire C total D full
6 A features B elements C characters D aspects
7 A attempts B competes C contests D challenges
8 A awarded B topped C crowned D peaked
9 A reqiures B requests C asks D appeals
1 A reach B arrive C succeed D get
0
1 A beginning B first C start D lead
1
1 A gain B take C add D lead
2
1 A arrangement B pact C deal D bussiness
3
1 A season B time C period D term
4
1 A moments B flashes C sights D highlights
5

18
5.
Given the Thumbs Down
When your manager tells you they are pleased with your 0)work , the least you can
expect is a(n) 1)............. reference when you leave. That, at any 2).............. , is what Wayne Taft
thought when he applied for a job as an occupational care worker.
Imagine his surprise 3)......... , when he opened a letter that said ‘Sorry, we can’t 4)……..
you because of your job reference.’
“It was very upsetting,” he says. “I was shocked at how cruel people can be. My
reference should have been 5)……… .” Mr Taft, who is unemployed, is still 6)……….. the
consequences of his 7)……… employer, another home care provider, 8)……….. to supply a
positive, or even neutral reference. “I was looking 9)……… to a new job and now I’m on the
10)………… .”
After he received the 11)……… letter he resigned himself to pursuing jobs using another
past employer as a reference. He was never told why the reference was bad, and in the two
months since it happened has felt 12)……… . But this week he discovered that under the Data
Protection Act, he has the right to request 13)………. to the reference from the organization
who received it.
Mr Taft says he intends to 14)…….. the employer that turned him down and demand to see
the reference. “I’m so angry, I need to find out what happened and 15)………. it right,” he
adds.

0 A work B job C employment D task

1 A beneficial B straight C decent D moral
2 A pace B way C step D rate
3 A namely B then C really D although
4 A consider B regard C judge D review
5 A shining B regard C gleaming D glistening
6 A having B taking C getting D suffering
7 A present B so-called C would-be D former
8 A refusing B avoiding C protesting D disliking
9 A away B aside C forward D front
1 A leisure B dole C queue D home
0
1 A rejection B refusal C denial D dismissal
1
1 A accidental B powerless C unfavourable D unrelated
2
1 A access B admittance C entry D permission
3
1 A struggle B disagree C dare D confront
4
1 A get B put C place D fix

19
 5

6.
Models-to-be
In a competition for 0)..D... models, four thousand girls between the ages of 16 and 24
were auditioned by 1)........ the three judges from 2)......... model agency Premier Model
Management. Twenty-two were asked to return for a more 3).......... vetting process. This
involved catwalk training, being 4)......... without make-up and a personal interview. A further
workshop week followed, involving make-overs, hair-styling and more catwalk training, after
which the girls wew 5)........... whittled fown to five.
The finalists will now 6)......... three months of intensive training. Cameras will 7)........
the around constantly, capturing the daily 8)......... of cating, shoots and lessons from industry
professionals. Also in 9)........... for them are exhausting workouts at the gym, plus appointments
with hairdressers, nutritionists, beauticians and specialist skin clinics.
Despite its 10).......... image, the modelling world is 11)........ and the finalists will
certainly be 12)........... throuh their paces. But though their lives may be all 13)............ fit and
carrot juice, the prize at the end is glittering – a year’s modelling 14)........... with Premier Model
Management, an overseas photo shoot for the 15)............ of osmopolitan magazine, and the
chance to model an the catwalk at London Fashion Week.

0 A wishful B eventual C conclusive D prospective

1 Acouncil B panel C meeting D range
2 A peak B top C high D great
3 A solid B exact C rigorous D stable
4 A assessed B charged C investigated D notes
5 A shortly B lastly C completely D finally
6 A overcome B outlast C undergo D uphold
7 A pursue B take C hunt D follow
8 A grind B attempt C duty D labour
9 A stock B store C view D supply
10 A shining B gorgeous C glamorous D picturesque
11 A firm B stiff C tough D sticky
12 A put B shown C pushed D thrown
13 A maintain B hold C catch D keep
14 A promotion B contract C treaty D settlement
15 A lid B jacket C cover D sleeve

20
7.
1. Despite the many ................ ditractions she had to overcome, she achieved the succes she
deserved.
A extended C external
B extracted D extravagant
2. The total ................. of nuclear weapons would hopefully give the world something to
celebrate.
A extermination C elipsis
B elinination D exception
3. The ............... of hard work bringing positive results is perhaps out of favour nnow in the
modern world.
A abstract C concept
B opinion D belief
4. Overconfidence due to overnight succes can take us quickly down that .......... road to
failure.
A sticky C oily
B slippery D slithery
5. Company headquarters are situated .............. in the heart of te city.
A direct C precise
B exact D right
6. He ................. more and more experience until he finnaly reached the top of his
profession.
A achieved C earned
B gained D won
7. The preparation for the Olympic Games are on ................ according to the commitee in
charge.
A goal C progress
B target D aim

8. Following years of intense training, the accomplished athlete .............. the medal
trimphantly.
A took off C ran off
B went off D carried off
9. Having worked his fingers to the ............... for many years, he eventually saw the fruit of
his hard work at the age of fifty.
A end C bone
B edge D nail
10. Once she had achieved the succes she desired, she decided that it was time to ........... it
easy for a while.

21
 A take C have
B make D do
11. There was a wonderful ski ............. way up in the mountains, suitable for the whole
family.
A lodge C pension
B hostel D house
12. The lucky survivors of the freak storm related their .............. tale to the eager journalists.
A challenging C gruelling
B harrowing D saddening
13. The heat of the summer sun had caused the area to catch fire, leaving behind
only ................, smouldering tree trunks.
A blakened C deadly
B smoky D dried
14. She was ............... an array of questions during the interview.
A put up with C put over
B put forward D put through
15. The boss was ............... with the new employee over his qualifications and ability to
perform his job well.
A at a loose end C at odds
B at a loss D at a standstill

8.
1. It was a ........... squabble and they didn’t make up for weeks.

A strong C bitter
B sharp D sour
2. Take a penknife with you- it might ………… in handy.

A come C fall
B be D get
3. Everything is going well and business is ……… .

A roaring C bursting
B boosting D booming
4. I found her attitude quiet ………. I really can’t understand why she’s so angry.

A moving C unconditional
B baffling D invasive
5. Making personal phone calls during office hours is ………… upon where I work.

A frowned C condemned

22
 B dissaproved D criticised
6. Peter was too ……… to dare to stand up and speak in front of all those people.

A self-aware C self-indulgent
B self-righteous D self-conscious
7. Sally has been feeling rather down in the ………….. recently. How can we cheer her up?

A mood C beans
B dumps D feelings
8. Don’t believe John – there’s not a ………….. of truth in what he says!

A trace C grain
B touch D slip
9. He was knocked out in the fight and they had to throw water on him to bring him……… .

A back C in
B round D over
10. The environmental ………….. group Greenpeace has done a lot to change government
policies.

A campaign C power
B pressure D force
11. The young offender was obliged to report to his probation ……….. on a weekly basis.

A officer C guide
B advisor D leader
12. Deborah won the match against all …………. .

A chances C facts
B hopes D odds
13. Getting teenagers to assist old people can help to ………….. the generation gap.

A cover C throw
B fix D bridge
14. In court, the accused ………… guilty to all the charges.

A was C claimed
B pleaded D admitted
15. The government has decided to cut ………… on funding for education.

A off C back
B out D away

9.

23
1. Discussions on the issue of expansion of the company have been in …………. Since the
outbreak of disease in the area.

A hitch C feud
B limbo D core
2. Viewers were ………… at the incredible sight of the lunar landscape, unable to take their
eyes off the screen until the very end of the broadcast.

A switched C transfixed
B devised D stifled
3. The culprit had been under their noses all along and so the investigators were criticized
heavily for making unnecessary ………….. .

A blunders C assets
B hitches D tasks
4. The authorities were ……….. that the public should not find out about the high level
research being carried out at the institute.

A certain C absolute
B adamant D sure
5. Should any letters arrive while I’m away during the summer could you please …………..
to me, as I’m trying to sort out a job for September.

A send them on C send them out

B send them away D send them in
6. They certainly ………….. the mould when they brought out their latest model; it’s totally
different from anything else they’ve ever produced!

A off C back
B out D away
7. …………… the light of recent findings, the government has decided to invest further
funds in the research project.

A By C Under
B In D With
8. It’s an accepted fact that in the modern world certain companies try to …………. Their
nearest competitors.

A outrun C outdistance
B outgrow D outdo
9. We are lucky to be witness to this era of ever-increasing ……….. change.

A experimental C technological
B digital D new age

24
 10. Working mothers throughout the company were delighted with the introduction of
…………., as it made it easier to manage collecting children from school at different
times on different days.

A overtime C flexitime
B part-time D full-time
11. Any job that involves doing the same thing day in day out must be pretty ……….. .

A strenuous C srimulating
B mundane D arduous
12. Keith’s ………….. income looks impressive, but once tax and social security
contributions are deducted, it’s not so much.

A full C net
B grand D gross
13. Having lost her mother at an early age, Mary felt she had become a mere ………….,
having to do absolutely everything for her five brothers and sisters.

A taskmaster C slavedriver
B workmate D workhouse
14. I could never quite …………… what her position in the firm was until we met at a
reception and got chatting.

A work around C work out

B get out D get across
15. They were on the ………….. of folding the company when an investor saved the day
with a large, financial contribution.

A edge C verge
B basis D offchance

10.
1. Recent medical research into the new virus has ………….. fears thet it is usually fatal.

A propelled C dispelled
B killed D disappeared
2. I’d seen the champion on television but never met him in the …………. Before.

A person C flesh
B face D reality
3. When learning a foreign language, keeping well-ordered vocabulary notes is ………… .

A paramount C highest
B uppermost D substantial
4. Jenny was completely …………. In her work and could not be distracted.

25
 A submerge C drowned
B sunk D immersed
5. She started ……….., so I knew she was bored

A blinking C wheezing
B yawning D swallowing
6. The doctor instructed him to keep his arm in a …………. For two weeks.

A plaster C sleeve
B sling D shade
7. It’s a very ………….. disease so we may all catch it.

A rigorous C contagious
B nagging D spreading
8. The piercing scream scared the …………. out of me.

A life C mind
B breath D nerve
9. The deadline is this Friday, but ………… the circumstances I’ll accept your essay next
Monday.

A on C under
B over D for
10. That ear infection won’t clear ………… on it’s own; you’ll need antibiotics.

A up C off
B away D out
11. Many educationalists feel that continuous ………… is fairer than formal examinations.

A judgment C cramming
B assignment D assessment
12. Only the very wealthy can afford tuition ………… at this college.

A funds C fares
B fees D prices
13. Jerry passed the examination with ………. colours.

A flying C flowing
B soaring D striking
14. The news spread fast by …….. of mouth.

A way C course
B means D word
15. Fiona is not very bright and has to work hard to ………. up with the rest of the class.

A stay` C keep
B bear D hold

26
11.
1. Travelling abroad for a year gave Jane a completely new ………….. on life.

A image C perspective
B picture D appearance
2. Some children had drawn a moustache on a woman in the photo as a ………… .

A prank C comedy
B hunch D stunt
3. Many people ………… having to pay so much VAT on what they buy.

A object C resent
B estimate D annoy
4. The written text of the advert was so small and blurred that I couldn’t ………… it.

A attend C define
B realise D decipher
5. It’s simple, ………….. restaurant, so there’s no need to dress up.

A unpretentious C irresponsible
B unpredictable D unassuming
6. It’s a really muddy path, so we’d better wear ………. .

A sandals C stilettos
B wellingtons D mittens
7. Bill ……….. his fists, trying to contain his anger.

A pursed C clenched
B twisted D shrugged
8. Spending so much money on a dress you only wear once is just money down the ………,
in my opinion!

A bin C drain
B sink D earth
9. I don’t believe you really met Jack Nicholson; you’re ………. Me on!

A having C taking
B putting D giving
10. Sue felt her boss was always picking ……….. her and blaming her unfairly.

A at C to
B out D on
11. The company is going to hire a famous actress to ……….. their new range of beauty
products.

A make C sail

27
 B launch D set
12. Kelly went on a shopping ……… and spent half her salary on clothes.

A mall C deal
B spree D chain
13. We all hope that the boss is going to ………… the bill for the staff party.

A arm C foot
B leg D head
14. Mr Nesbitt …………. A lot of weight with the owner of the store, so he’s the one you
should try and persuade.

A carries C pulls
B takes D measures
15. The situation is a critical one and calls ………… clear thinking and careful planning.

A up C in
B on D for
2. Open Cloze
1.
Expensive Gifts
This Christmas, parents in Britain are expected to spend nearly £1bn 0) on computers and
computer games 1) .................... their chirdren. With this year’s sales breaking all records even
before the gift-buying season, the European Leisure Software Publishers Association predicts
sales 2) .................... £370m in the UK of games alone in the final quarter of the year, and many
families will invest more 3) .................... £800 in a computer for their children.
Some of these parents will be buying a second computer because they 4) .................... fed
up with sharing their own: according to research just published by Microsoft, one in four 5)
.................... had a PC crashed by the children overloading the hard drive with games. But many
others will have been simply 6) ..................... withstand the onslaught of pester power. ”It’s
educational,” a child will insist. ”My teacher says I’ll get better marks 7) .................... my
homework is 8) .................... on a computer.”
This 9) .................... well be a bluff, of course. On the other 10) .................... , it could be
true. At one primary school in Wandsworth, south London, a fourth-year class of eight and nine-
years-olds was told precisely 11) .................... by a teacher, 12) ..................... said the use of
computers by pupils 13) .................... it easier for her to read their projects. The class
representative promptly booked an appointment 14).................... the Head and put an end
15).................... that.

2. 3.
1. to rely ............ sth/sb; 1. to have confidence ....... sth;
2. to object ............ sth; 2. to blame someone ........ sth;
3. to yearn ............ sth; 3. to depend .......... someone;
28
4. to convert sth ............ sth; 4. to convince someone .......sth;
5. to distinguish ............ sth and 5. to be critical ......... someone;
sth; 6. to puzzle ............ sth;
29
4.

No such thing as a safe lunch

After months of sleepless nights 0) and gruelling hospital visits to treat 1) ................ one-
year-old daughter’s eczema, Giorgio Locatelli and his wife, Plaxy, set off 2) ............... the hot,
dry, healing climate of the South of France. ‘We borrowed a friend’s house,’ says Plaxy, ‘3)
.................. the doctors said we should try to get Margherita in the sun, since her skin was so
bad.’ At the airport, Giorgio bought smoked salmon. 4) ................. 3 o’clock they fed Margherita
a morsel of fish, sunbathed for a while, 5) ..................... Plaxy went indoors for a sleep while
Margherita and her nine-year-old brother, Jack, played.

‘Twenty minutes 6) .................... ,’ says Plaxy, ‘my son came up and said, “Mummy,
there’s something wrong 7) ..................... Margherita.” I went downstairs and 8) ......................
she was with her head 9) ........................ size of a football and her lips swelled out, not breathing
properly.’

10) ........................ Plaxy and Giorgio were witnessing for the first time was anaphylaxis,
a severe allergic reaction 11) ................... food that can kill without an immediate jab of
adrenaline 12) ..................... kick-start the respiratory system. At the hospital, 13) ..................... a
shot was quickly administrated, Margherita tested,’ says her mother, ‘we found she was allergic
to 896 different things. Fish, nuts, tomatoes, peppers, chilli, paprika, eggs – 15) ................ no
problem eating, really. Thank God she likes polenta, thank God she likes potatoes.’

5.

If you have never practiced yoga 0) before and happen to visit a yoga class, you would be
excused for thinking that of 1) ....................... involves a series of stretching exercises. On further
examination, however, you will quickly notice that stretching is, in 2) ......................., only one
small part of the 3) ..................... process.

These days, when we hear that someone is off to their yoga class, we never quite know 4)
............................ the focus is going to be 5) ........................... meditation, breathing techniques
or actual physical exercise. It might seem rather confusing to some. The 6) ............

Difference, however, is 7) ....................... the aspects of focus and awareness.

Basically, yoga involves physical exercise that strengthens and cleanses the body. It 8)
........................... assists in developing mental focus, helping to clear the mind of stress. The
main aim of yoga, 9) ..........................., is to develop a greater awareness of 10) ................
physical and pshycological aspects of the human body.

11) ......................... someone first starts practicing yoga, they automatically become
absorbed in the quality of the stretching, 12) ........................... at a later stage they tend to

30
become increasingly aware of other beneficial qualities involved in the act 13) ........................
stretching. They begin to sense influences on movement as 14) ...................... as improvements
in both physical and mental states. This is the state o mindfulness 15) ............... comes from the
practice of yoga.

6.

Groceries on the web

Shopping for a family can 0) be a nightmare. Going to the supermarket with a small child
is a race against the clock; you have to be quick, 1) .......................... he gets bored and throws a
tantrum. Then, 2) ........................ you have all the shopping you’ll need for the next week, you
are confronted 3) ............................several queues from hell to choose 4) ................ – and believe
me, you will make the wrong choice. And the grief doesn’t stop 5) ....................; the miserable
checkout staff, the struggle home with cheap bags and swollen fingers – the list goes on and on.
Shopping online, 6) ......................, can be a life-saver. You choose all your groceries online, and
the store oicks them 7) ................. for you and delivers them to your door. 8) ....................
supermarkets offer a selection of delivery dates and a choice of two-hour periods on 9)
.................... dates. Another plus point is 10) .................., when shopping online, you tend to
stick 11) .................... a list, so avoid those superfluous items that you convince 12)
....................... you absolutely have to have when you’re there in person. Not 13) ......................
able to see what you’re buying is a disadvantage, 14) ..................... the descriptions are good, and
15) ........................ a million trips you know what everything looks like anyway.

7.

The value of sleep

Our ultimate escape 0) from whatever life thrown 1) ................ us during our waking day
is sleep. Nature’s healer lowers our eyelids and covers us 2) ................ the comforting blanket of
unconsciousness. Every night we are given a period in 3) ................ our bodies and minds
recuperate and prepare us for the trials 4) ................ demands af the following day. As we all
know, our subconscious controls 5) .................... quiet periods, taking our minds on journeys
consisting of events and half-remembered thoghts from our consciuos hours. Our journeys 6)
.................... usually fragmented patterns of sensations and pictures, sometimes pleasant,
sometimes harrowing.

These periods of unconsciousness and dreams are essential 7) ................. our health and
well-being but an increasing number of people today suffer 8) .................... an inability to enjoy
thid necessary form of escape. Insomnia affects a high proportion of us and this is frustrating,
debilitating malady 9) .................. have dire results. The insomniac wades 10) ...................
his waking hours in a fog. Creative thought can 11) ..................... deadened, reflexes slowed and
sensations dimmed. If 12) ....................... inability to sleep lasts for more than a week 13)

31
............... two, what is known 14) .................. chronic insomnia sets in, sometimes causing severe
depression and leaving the sufferer unable 15) .............. cope with daily life.

8.

Shakespeare’s Legacy

Today, 0) despite a whole industry out 1) ................. prove he didn’t pen all his works,
Shakespeare’s poetry and plays remain 2) .................. most read and studied in the world. His
seemingly inexhaustible stream of words have infiltrated every dictionary, he has inspired
generations af writers, and there is a theatre (The Globe) and 3) ................... a theatre company
(The Royal Shakespeare Company) devoted 4) .................... putting on his plays year after year.
A more unlikely tribute is that Shakespeare is the 5) ................. filmed author ever. A massive
309 films are based 6) ................... his masterpieces, and top actors consider playing such mighty
roles 7) .................... honour. But Shakespeare’s legacy is not 8) ............. .......... much revealed
in his big productions as in the 9) .................... he spoke to the masses. 10) .......................... the
surface he wrote for the working classes, while ensuring 11) .............. intelligent parodies and
controversial political statements were included that 12) ..................... toch the upper classes. He
questioned society’s wrongs and his messages were clear. Perhaps the main reason 13)
.................... Shakespeare lives on 14) .................... that the subjects he tackled, 15)
........................... class wellfare, prejudice and male chauvinism, remain relevant.

9.

Do I look OK?

Dolls and plenty of toys were once 0) the sole requirement for a happy childhood. Not
any 1) .................. . these days, style matters even on the playground, 2) ........................ means
that an image obsession can strike 3) ......................... children are barely out of nappies.
Eavesdrop on a conversation at a primary school and it is just 4) ..................... likely to revolve
around the latest fashions as favourite cartoon characters. But 5) .................... is the darker side
to this preoccupation with appearance that is causing concern among some experts. Research
carried 6) ...................... over the past two years has highlighted a dangerous body-image trend in
children as young as three or four. 7) ........................ dissatisfied are some with how they look
that they are prepared to diet and restrict 8) .............. ................ food intake in 9) ........................
to change their appearance. A degree of weight awareness is evident 10) ...................... the age of
two upwards, and 11) ....................... the time they start school, many children have developed
definite insecurities about how they 12) ............... perceived. Significantly, the children who are
most concerned 13) .................... weight are almost consistently those 14) ...................... parents
are most controlling about 15) .................. is eaten at home.

32
3. Word Building
1.
1. add
 The use of additives is essential in order to keep some packaged foods
fresh.
 Although we already have many good lawyers, Smith will be a
welcome ............................. to the team.
2. apply
 His ............................ for the post of market research assistant was
successful.
 It seems to me that these considerations are not ............................ in this
case.
3. appear
 There has been an ........................... rise at fast food consumption.
 All the money I had seems to have ............................. ; what can I have
spent it on?
4. perceive
 His teaching completely altered Jane’s ........................... of how life should
be lived.
 He’s very ................................. and quickly understands people hidden
motives.
5. comfort
 It is a .................................. thought that theatre audiences are on the rise
despite the recession.
 He made an excuse later, saying his poor performance was down to his
very tight costume causing him ........................ .
6. certain
 There are a few established ............................. about the future of the
economy.
 I was ........................ as to whether or not it was worth paying so much for
a hat.
7. author
 The manager might ............................... the purchase of the new alarm
system, even though he knows it will stretch the gallery’s budget.
 Staff are reminded that ................................ access to the generator room
is strictly prohibited.

33
 2.
Shop till you Drop!
Retail therapy has become one of Britain’s most pleasurable leisure 0) pursuits.
But the percentage of the population suffering from the serious medical condition of
shopping 1) ......................... is reaching crisis point.
Experts believe 10 percent of the population, and possibly 20 percent of women,
are manic, 2) ..................... shoppers. Most shopaholics are seriously in debt, and the
condition has led to 3) ............................... , family break-ups. And in some cases to 4)
...................... and even suicide.
More 5) ....................... known as omniomania, the condition has been recognised
by 6) ........................... since the early 1900s but only now it is reaching epidemic
proportions. A European Union report recently revealed that up to half of 14- to 18-year-
old girls in Scotland, Italy and Spain could be classified as shopaholics, but the stigma of
being a shopaholic may be masking even higher number of 7) ....... ................ .

0 PURSUE 3 DEPRESS 6 PSYCHIATRY

1 ADDICT 4 HOME 7 SUFFER
2 COMPEL 5 SCIENCE

Customer Complaints

Complaining about shoddy goods, high prices and poor services can be a daunting
prospect, especially if you have little 8) ......................... of the law. With standard consumer
complaints, like being 9) .............................. for goods, contact the customer services department
of the organisation, where there may be a set complaints 10) ........................ in place. If you have
a complaint linked to a local retailer and you think their products are 11) .... .......................... or
their selling methods dubious, contact your local trading standards office. Before phoning or
writing, it is 12) ........................ to get the facts totally clear in your own mind as to why you are
13) ......................... and what to happen to put matters right. Will you accept 14) .......................
goods or do you only want a full cash 15) ........................ ? It’s often better to go for money first.

8 KNOW 11 FAULT 14 REPLACE

9 CHARGE 12 ADVICE 15 FUND
10 PROCEED 13 SATISFACTION

3.
1. tire
 Although the job is not physically ..................... , it leaves me feeling
exhausted at the and of the day.
 He was praised for his .......................... efforts to promote our ideals at
home and abroad.

34
 2. lead
 The most important quality required for this managerial post is .............
 Mr Brown is one of the country’s ....................... authorities on industrial
relations.
3. excel
 We were treated on an ...................... supper of seafood and home-made
pasta.
 We are committed to pursuing ........................ in providing for travelling
business people.
4. compete
 We managed to outwit the ......................... by launching our product early.
 The team displayed a lot of ......................... spirit and that’s why they
succeeded.
5. contract
 The building ........................... failed to complete the new sports hall on
time.
 You have a ............................ obligation to give us a month’s notice if you
intend to leave.
4.
Redundancy and the Law
Contrary on popular belief, redundancy is just one form of 0) dismissal – not a
catch-all phrase to describe any 1) .......................... of employment. An employee is, 2)
.......................... speaking, made redundant when the employer requires fewer people to
de the type of work the employee was employed to do. However, redundancy is
considered by the law to be 3) ............................. if you are made redundant for
maternity-related reasons, reasons connected with race, sex, 4) ............... ...................., or
trade union-related activities, 5) ......................... to work on Sundays or assertion of a
statutory right.
Your employer must operate any redundancy programme fairly. For example, an
6) ............................ tribunal has concluded that selecting employees for redundancy on
the basis of their age is not justifiable.
Employers are also supposed to consult with employees on an individual basis
before making them redundant to consider whether there are any other options available
such as redeploying them elsewhere in the 7) ........................ .

0 DISMISS 3 FAIR 6 INDUSTRY

1 TERMINATE 4 ABILITY 7 ORGANISE
2 BROAD 5 REFUSE

35
 Getting the Most out of Meetings

Recognise that the most meetings will be 8) ....................... without a good chairperson
and an agenda. If your aim is to be 9) .......................... , skip most of these meetings. Research
has shown that badly managed groups rarely make better decisions than the best or second-best
person in that group.

If the meetings you attend are badly run but you want to 10) ........................... that
something is accomplished, then bring your own informal agenda. In 11) ......................
organised environments, few people think far enough ahead to turn up with papers to hand out. If
you are the only person who has a handout, you will usually find that 12) ...................... centres
on the points you make on these sheets.

Understand that meetings that are well-run can generate better results than would come
from the smartest people in the group. Three things are 13) ............................ , however, for good
14) ............................ decision-making: an impartial facilitator or chairperson; a clear structure;
and a necessary IT to model possible 15) ............................... there and then. Information will be
treated as a neutral commodity, and everybody will have their say.

8 CHAOS 11 POOR 14 COLLECT

9 PRODUCE 12 DISCUSS 15 ALTERATE
10 SURE 13 DISPENSE

5.
1. attract
 Using this polish on your car will give its surface an attractive shine.
 Apart from the rock concert, there were several other .......................... at
the festival.
2. pass
 The escaped prisoner took a hostage and demanded safe ...................... out
of the country.
 After the heavy snow, the mountain roads were ......................... .
3. beauty
 Flower arrangements help to .................................. a house.
 The talented .............................. decided to open her own salon.
4. sign
 This cheque is .............................. , so I’m afraid the bank cannot cash it.
 The anti-hunting group collected over 5,000 .......................... on its
petition.

36
  It is hoped that the ........................... of the agreement will take place
tomorrow.

5. like
 The restaurant was too sophisticated for my ........................... .
 Marianna bears a strong ............................. to her father.
6. terror
 Blowing up the ambassador’s car was an act of ............................
condemned by the government.
 I’ve just heard the news about the ................................ train crash.
7. stop
 Once Ruth starts talking about her cats, she’s .......................... .
 Factory workers have voted for daily 3-hour .......................... in protest at
the planned pay cuts.
8. head
 The article had a rather uninspiring ......................... .
 She tripped and fell .............................. down the stairs.

6.
In Defence of Geography
Geographers 0) legitimately complain that their discipline is 1) ........................... by the
public for whom it remains the capitals of countries, the heights of mountains and the length of
rivers. But Geography is not a static inventory of 2) .......................... facts. It analyses why things
are where they are. Even if we have not 3) ........................... experienced earthquakes, floods or
famines, we are more aware today of the shifting face of the planet – rivers change their course,
mountains rise, productive land may become 4) ......................... through poor techniques of 5)
....................... , and 6) .......................... may make the desert bloom. Geographers should 7)
............................... themselves for not trying to make ‘chorology’ an everyday word. Not even
scrabble players are familiar with it, yet it is 8) ................................. understood and can help us
appreciate the logic there id in the concepts of place and time.

0 LEGITIMATE 3 PERSON 6 IRRIGATE

1 UNDERSTAND 4 FERTILE 7 CRITIC
2 RELATE 5 CULTIVATE 8 INTUITION

My Child’s a Genius!
Child prodigies are the circus animals of our age, a source of 9) .......................... to us all;
whether they are worthy of admiration or pity is debatable. It is more than two decades since the
10) ........................... Ruth Lawrence, at the age of thirteen, obtained a First in mathematics at

37
Oxford University becoming a national 11) .......................... . More recently, six-year-old Justin
Chapman enrolled at the University of Rochester, New York, to study ancient world history.
Their intellectual 12) ......................... are obviously impressive, but surely such children are too
immature to cope with university? Some 13) ................................. point out that while it is
entirely understandable that parents of exceptionally gifted children should 14)
................................ them to succeed, it is important that they are not put under 15)
............................... pressure, and also that their emotional and social development as children is
not neglected.

9 FASCINATE 12 ACHIEVE 15 EXCEED

10 REMARK 13 PSYCHOLOGY
11 CURIOUS 14 COURAGE

7.

PERSON VERB ADJECTIVE ABSTRACT

NOUN
................................
................................
................................
................................
NOUN
Accept .............................. ................................
................................ .............................. Advice
................................ Suspicious ................................
Grow .............................. ................................
Befriend .............................. ................................
Volunteer ..............................

8. Add prefixes to the words to form opposites.

il-, un-, dis-, in-,

im- • emotional • pleased • probable •agreeable
• common • flexible • movable •
patient • legal • approachable

9. Add suffixes to the words to form adjectives.

-ial, -ive, -ual, -able, -ary,

-ent • persuade • attract • vision • residence • station
• read • president • persist

10.
Little Moments. Big Magic.
Big Brothers Big Sisters is the nation’s most 0) effective youth-service
organization and has been in 1) .......................... for nearly a century. Our service is
dependent on our many 2) ........................... volunteers. We have a proven track record
for creating relationships which are 3) ............................ for both adults and children.
38
 Youth 4) ............................. experts agree that, parents aside, children need
additional caring in their lives. BBBS works closely with parents to match every child
with a compatible and 5) .......................... Big Brother or Big Sister.
Although potential ‘Bigs’ are screened and supervised to ensure that all
relationships are safe and rewarding, the only real requirement is a 6) ........................... to
make and share in some fun with a new friend. Our volunteers consistently say that being
a 7) ............................... in BBBS is as enjoyable for them as it is for their ‘Littles’.

39
 0 EFFECT 3 BENEFIT 6 WILL
1 OPERATE 4 DEVELOP 7 PARTICIPATE
2 VALUE 5 SUPPORT

Amnesty International is a worldwide 8) ............................... that works to

promote recognised human rights.
Amnesty International’s vision is a world in which every person, 9) .................. of
nationality, enjoys all of the human rights enshrined in the Universal Declaration of
Human Rights and other international human rights standards. Our mission is to
undertake research and action 10) .................... focused on the prevention and 11)
....... ........................ of abuses of the rights to physical and mental integrity, freedom of
conscience and expression, and freedom from discrimination, within the context of our
work to promote all human rights.
Amnesty International has more than a million 12) ............................. in over 140
countries and territories. Amnesty International is 13) ............................... and
independent of any government, political 14) ............................ or religious creed. Our
work is financed largely by subscriptions and donations from our worldwide
15) ...... .................. .

8 MOVE 11 ELIMINATE 14 PERSUADE

9 REGARD 12 SUPPORT 15 MEMBER
10 SPECIFY 13 PARTIAL

11.
1. Germany won a ......................... victory over England in the third round of the
European Cup. (decide)
2. Breaking the enigma code was a ............................... achievement. (remark)
3. With all these modern gadgets and labour-saving devices about, we can take life
at a more ........................... pace. (leisure)
4. Some people find the idea of cloning .................................. . (object)
5. Unless the economic situation ............................ soon, we’ll have to lay off some
workers. (stable)
6. You need to ...................................... your explanations for the students; they
don’t seem to understand you. (simple)
7. Gerta’s under a lot of .............................. to get the project done on time. (press)
8. If the trend continues ................................ , we’ll find ourselves in a state of
chaos. (check)
9. Lucy takes artificial .............................. in her coffee, not sugar. She’s on a diet.
(sweet)
10. There were three key ................................. at the CompuTech conference. (speak)

40
HOME OF THE FUTURE

To demonstrate what homes may be like in the future, the mobile phone company
Orange installed £2 million worth of state-of-the-art 0) equipment in an ordinary pre-war
house, creating one of the most hi-tech 1) ................................ in the world.
The integrated TV, video, DVD, CD and radio system pipes sound and video
throughout the house and the intelligent video recorder learns to record the kind of
programmes the 2) ........................... like, while plasma wall screens can be programmed
to show a continuous slide-show of their 3) ................................ snaps. The door locks are
controlled 4) ............................... and can be operated by a single key. When somebody
leaves the house, a single button can turn off all the non-essential systems and 5)
............................... and switch on the 6) .............................. alarm. If anything should go
wrong with the self-diagnosing heating system, it will 7) ................................ call the
repair man or arrange for a service.

0 EQUIP 3 FAVOUR 6 SECURE

1 RESIDE 4 CENTRE 7 AUTOMATE
2 OCCUPY 5 APPLY

Dinosaurs and Satellites

In the beginning, life appeared on our planet on a molecular scale and, very
gradually, developed into multi-cells organisms that co-operated in colonies. Eventually,
due to 8) ............................ , small complex mobile creatures emerged. Through a process
of natural 9) ........................... and supported by a 10) ...................... climate, some
species thrived and grew 11) ................................... large – culminating in the reign of the
dinosaurs.
The story of human 12) .............................. of space is not very different. For tens
of thousands of years, mankind’s attempts at understanding the cosmos were restricted to
13) ............................... observations made from the surface of our planet. Small but
essential steps were taken and, as human technology mushroomed, we jumped out of our
biosphere for the first time. Nearer to home, we placed a 14) ........... ............................
outpost on the edge of space to observe our planet’s 15) ................... ................ and
provide communications. The satellites now orbiting the earth have evolved rapidly and,
like the dinosaurs before them, have become larger and still larger.

8 EVOLVE 11 EXCEED 14 MAN

9 SELECT 12 EXPLORE 15 BEHAVE
10 HOSPITALITY 13 PUZZLE

12.
1. alarm
 We had to call the doctor. Her temperature was ............................. high.

41
 
He’s always spreading rumours that we’re going bankrupt. He’s a
real .................................... .
 Her exams results are quiet ...................................... . has she had any
problems at home?
 I was rather .................................... by the message you left, so I came
straight over.
2. impress
 It was an .................................. performance by Henman, who now looks
set to win the tournament.
 He found the art exhibition rather ............................... , saying that he had
expected to see more artists from abroad.
 Jeremy was .................................. by Shona’s display of anger; after all, he
was used to her losing her temper.
 He was anxious to make a good ................................. on his fiancé’s
parents, so he wore a white shirt and a tie.
 Tony is only 16 and is easily influenced by those around him; he’s a rather
......................................... young man

13.

1. He did not give his opinion, saying that he didn’t want to JUDGE
pass .......................... .
2. After being ............................. accused of theft, he sued the police WRONG
for £50,000.
3. There are no ............................. on the number of people each RESTRICT
member can bring along
4. The weather is very ............................. in this part of the country; CHANGE
one minute it’s sunny, the next it’s suddenly snowing
5. He has been ............................ for several months now, and he is EMPLOY
beginning to lose heart.
6. If you need ............................ information, please talk to the ADD
librarian.
7. We sent out 500 ............................, but only about 100 people INVITE
attended.
8. The ............................ gave a speech which made the delegates GOVERN
trust him again.
9. The ................................ told the squad to wait for his signal COMMAND
before entering the burning building.
10. She held the baby in her arms with a ............................... smile CONTENT
11. ........................................ in the office will be punished with a fine. CIVIL
12. There is still a lot of .................................. in the team despite my SCEPTIC
assurances.

42
13. His strong alibi led to his .................................... from the police ELIMINATE
inquiries.
14. He has always been an ................................. person; next week ADVENTURE
he’s going bungee jumping.
15. We had to work very hard, but the results were GRATIFY
very .................................. .

14.
Holidays for all Workers

Millions of freelance and short-term contract workers won the right to 0) paid holidays
yesterday in a groundbreaking ruling from the European Court of Justice in Luxembourg. The
court’s 1) .............................. will force the government to charge laws that regulate how much
holiday workers are 2) ............................. to.

The judges said the UK had 3) ................................. implemented an old EU directive

when it gave a right to holidays only after 13 weeks’ 4) ........................... employment with the
same employer. The 5) .............................. had excluded millions of freelance and contract
employees, including teachers, cleaners and media workers.

Stephen Cavalier, head of employment rights at the trade union law firm Thompsons, said
the government should act 6) ............................... to change the law. As long as it remained 7)
.................................. , workers who were denied holidays could claim compensation from the
government.

0 PAY 3 WRONG 6 PROMPT

1 JUDGE 4 CONTINUE 7 CHANGE
2 TITLE 5 RESTRICT

Memo

To all colleagues:

This is the formal 8) ............................... of our company’s Christmas party which will
take place on Wednesdays, December 16, 6pm. I am pleased to inform everyone that the party is
free for all 9) .............................. .

The 10) .................................. , submitted by the Chief of Staff some weeks ago, included
several 11) ................................. for possible venues; we have decided that the most 12)
............................... place would be the Regent restaurant in Bridge Street, because of its
proximity to our premises as well as its 13) ............................. cuisine.

The management regrets that it cannot bear the expenses of 14) ..............................
guests; if you wish to bring friends or family, you will need to purchase extra 15)

43
.................... ........................ . These are available from our HR department at the cost of £25
each.

8 ANNOUNCE 11 SUGGEST 14 ADD

9 EMPLOY 12 SUIT 15 INVITE
10 PROPOSE 13 EXCEPTION

4. Rephrasing
1. They waited for the captain’s signal and then they jumped into the water.
Not until the captain had given the signal did they jump into the water.
2. As soon as his mother left, he started playing computer games.
No sooner .........................................................................................................................
3. It was such a beautiful day that I decided to go sunbathing on the beach.
Such ..................................................................................................................................
4. Once Jason had agreed, they went ahead with the plan.
Only ..................................................................................................................................
5. I had no idea that she was planning a surprise party for me.
Little .................................................................................................................................
6. Samantha neither joined the dance club nor went to the gym.
Samantha didn’t joined the dance club, nor .....................................................................
7. The supermarket was so busy that we postponed doing the shopping.
So .....................................................................................................................................

WORKBOOK
Upstream
Advanced C1

1. Choose A,B,C or D to fill each gap

Exercice 7/page 26
What is make-up? War 0) C ,a mask, something woman uses to increase self-esteem? The
answer is none of the above, although all of these 1)…….... have been used to describe it over
the 2)……... . It’s true that women spend a lot of money in make-up, about £500 a year on 3)
………, but it’s all for a good cause. Make-up, if used correctly, can have many benefits. It
would be 4)………… to criticize make-up without first 5)……….. its advantages to the wearer.
Women do use make-up to 6)……….. self-esteem, but is a self-esteem that already exists. By 7)
………….. cosmetics, a woman feels better about herself; she feels more attractive and more 8)
………….. . Like it or not, a woman is often 9)………… on her appearance. She will use
lipstick, blusher, mascara, and the 10)………….., to enhance her beauty and therefore her

44
 “value” in the 11)……………. of others. Cosmetics are a tool for attracting attention and 12)
…………… a favourable first impression. Let’s face it, there’s a lot of 13)……………. Out
there these days and even though we might not want to 14)…………… it, we were not all born
with the looks of supermodels. Make-up, therefore, offers we “less-than-perfect” woman, a(n)
15)………………. With which to compete.
0 A colour B ink C paint D varnish
1 A terms B titles C phrases D labels
2 A days B ages C years D months
3 A standard B average C balance D par
4 A unjust B dishonest C inhuman D impolite
5 A regarding B considering C comparing D weighing
6 A jump B lift C boost D rise
7 A putting B applying C placing D spreading
8 A confident B conscious C confined D convenient
9 A selected B chosen C judged D graded
10 A usual B similar C normal D like
11 A minds B eyes C hearts D souls
12 A creating B building C forming D producing
13 A challenge B struggle C competition D rivalry
14 A admit B confess C announce D deny
15 A bomb B gun C weapon D arsenal

Ex7, pag 56
A few years ago, it looked as though Rich DeVos would not 0) ……. to see another year.
The 1) ……. were stacked heavily against the 70-year-old businessman and entreptreneur. With
a 2) ……. heart following a stroke, his only hope was to have a heart 3) ……. .
DeVos’ life story is 4) ……. in his new book , Hope From My Heart: Ten Lessons for
Life. Really, it is a primer of ‘practical 5) ……. ‘ DeVos acquired during his rise to fame and 6)
……. as co-founder of the very prosperous, Amuway Corporation. The ten lessons in the book
are 7) ……. , among other things, hope, persistence, and respect each 8) ……. (sometimes
humorously) by incidents from his own experience.
Some of DeVons’ most profound 9) ……. are found in the lesson on respect. The ‘hero’
in this 10) ……. is a rubbish collector whon the business leader met on summer. “He was
fantastic at his 11) ……. ,” DeVos writes. “You could set your 12) …….by him. He worked
quietly and discreetly, a meticulous man who made a physically 13) ……. job look easy.” When
DeVos went out one morningto tell him he 14) ……. the job he was doing, the man told him that
in 12 years of hauling garbage , no one had ever said a 15) …….word to him, including his boss.

0 ) A stay B live C survive D exist

1) A chances B odds C risks D stakes

2) A failing B faulty C flawed D imperfect

45
3) A change B shift C transfer D transplant

4) A recited B recounted C repeated D related

5) A advice B sense C logic D wisdom

6) A wealth B riches C fortune D power

7) A named B dubbed C labelled D entitled

8) A drawn B illustrated C sketched D demonstrated

9) A insights B vision C views D notion

10) A topic B chapter C unit D episode

11) A task B chore C job D duty

12) A watch B meter C gauge D clock

13) A difficult B tough C demanding D trying

14) A appreciated B valued C admired D respected

15) A kind B generous C pleasant D sweet

Someting not for Everyone (teste-pag 114)

Because a(n) 0) ……. number of people are opting to work  outside traditional office, notebook
PCs are becoming more and more popular. However, you should know that notebook PCs aren’t
for everyone. As you 1) ……. up the pros and cons of 2) ……. your desktop PC with a new
system, you should 3) ……. in mind that you may get better 4) ……. for your money by
investing in a faster, more powerful desktop PC.
Portability comes at a(n)  5) ……. . Leave your laptop unattended for any 6) ……. of time in any
sort of public place and will quickly 7) ……. that it has been stolen. You could even lose it with-
out any intentional neglect on you 8) ……. ; laptops( and all the bussines and personal
information they contain) are easy 9) ……. for skilled thieves. So, yes, there are definitely
serious security issues. Al-so, if you are 10) ……. to tossing your laptop around as you do your
purse, workout bag or umbrella, you’ll probably break it before you get your money’s 11) ……. .
Guarantees are getting better and longer, but they still won’t cover a simple slip, let alone 12)
……. carelessness. So, before you 13) ……. out to get yourself the lastest technological 14)
……. , think long and hard as to whether a notebook PC is really 15) ……. for you.

0) A multiplying B spreading C expanding D increasing

1) A measure B weigh C even D count

46
2) A replacing B trading C substituting D swapping

3) A hold B graps C bring D bear

4) A merit B value C use D profit

5) A cost B expense C price D fee

6) A duration B length C quantity D hours

7) A confirm B reveal C show D discover

8) A role B part C behalf D area

9) A aims B abjects C goals D targets

10) A prone B apt C likely D inclined

11) A reward B return C worth D benefit

12) A usual B normal C habitual D regular

13) A rush B speed C move D walk

14) A tool B appliance C utensil D gadger

15) A suitable B acceptable C proper D fit

For questions 1-15, select the most appropriate word (A,B,C or D) to complet each gap.

Have you ever wondered why there are so many mirrors in shopping malls? 0) …. from the fact
it makes them glitzy and glamorous, they’re alse there to slow us down, so when we take 1) ….
our image, we nitice the closest shop 2) …. as well. Most malls 3) …. around anchor tenants,
such as supermarkets that 4) …. people to the mall out of necessity. By locating them at the back
of the mall, we have walk past all the other shops to get there and the chances are something will
5) …. our eye. And once inside, the 6) …. like milk and butter, will be at the back, so that you
have to 7) …. the gauntlet of the weets and chocolates to get there. The pure white 8) …. of
hologen spotlight in shop windows will artfully 9) …. a must-buy item. Walkways are also very
bright, so you can check 10) …. all the other shoppers and be seen yourshelf. And then there’s
11) …. noise - a constant his broadcast over public address system so that people feel there is
something going on, somewhere. The constant 12) …. of Vivaldi’s Four Seasons into bookstores
is supposed to make you fell 13) …. while the pop music 14) …. out in a young-person’s
clothing store makes you feel hip and trendy. Clever or manipulative? It all depends on your
point of 15) …. .

0) A Apart B Except C Besides D Excluding

47
1) A in B up C back D out

2) A frontispiece B frontier C front D frontal

3) A revolve B evolve C devolve D dissolve

4) A pull B haul C tug D draw

5) A catch B arrest C seize D capture

6) A B rudiments C essentials D necessities

fundamentals

7) A run B race C ride D rush

8) A gleam B beam C ray D stream

9) A accentuate B strees C D highlight

emphasise

10) A over B out C in D through

11) A white B red C black D grey

12) A peeping B purring C piping D paging

13) A educated B cultured C learned D sophisticated

14) A blazing B banging C booming D blaring

15) A view B sight C opinion D outlook

2.Open close

Exercice 4/page 15

1 I don’t mean to put……………. the local cuisine, but I’ve yet to taste anything I like.
2 Kelly was at a……………….as to what to do with abandoned kitten.
3 He could tell at a……………….that she wasn’t right for the job.
4 Once the winter sets…………..in, most of the islanders return to the mainland.
5 I’m afraid we aren’t taking on any new staff at…………….. .
6 You could afford to come with me if you put………….a little each month.
7 The police are warning people to stay indoors as there’s an escaped criminal at………….
.

48
 8 They’ve put…………… the release date of their latest album until June.
9 I’ve told Jim to go to the doctor’s, but he just keeps putting it………… .
10 Janice was late arriving at the party, but at………………she came.

Exercice 7/page 16

Latin America has it 0)……-it is a thrilling travel destination. Arm 1)………….. with a
Portuguese or Spanish phrasebook to get 2)…………. Mexico, Central America and the 14
countries that make up South Africa, and 3)………….. you go on the adventure of a lifetime.
The Amazon region boasts 4)……….. of the most bio-diverse rainforest on earth, providing an
incredible backdrop 5)………… the myriad wildlife living 6)………….., and a home to the
indigenous peoples. The majesty of the Andes is inspiring 7)……………climbers and the
tropical beaches and coral reefs 8)………the Caribbean Coast offer a heaven for those wanting
to snorkel or to 9)……….. relax and unwind. You can 10)…………. Mingle with likes of giant
tortoises, lava lizards and penguins, all inhabitants of the Galapgos Islands.
The Mayan ruins 11)…………… Tikan in Guatemala and the mysteries of the Inca City of
Machu Picchu in Peru are fascinating archaeological relics 12)……………past civilisations. And
for city life, check out South America’s exuberant music scene: try the tango in Buenos Aires,
home of Eva Peron, dance the night 13)…………at the Carnival in Rio De Janeiro, or live it up
at any 14)………. of the mny village fiestas held annually in South America – beware 15)
……………. The bulls though!

Exercice 4/page 34

1 Quite a few supermodels have taken. a stand against the wearing of real fur.
2 Since the company was footing the………, he ordered the most expensive thing on
the menu.
3 The defendant was set free because the jury were unable to……..a verdict.
4 Tom…………..went against his parents wishes when he joined the army after leaving
school. They wanted him to go to university.
5 Melinda’s quite well-off because her mother left her her stocks and shares when she
passed…………. .
6 Having witnessed a fatal accident, you could be called to………… evidence in a
court of low.
7 He…………… himself on the mercy of the court and begged them to give him
another chance.

49
 8 Please read the memo, sign it and then pass it……… .Thank you.
9 They decided to………..against their lawyer’s advice and take the matter to court.
10 I don’t agree that the government should send aid to other countries when there are
homeless people in this country; as far as I’m concerned, charity………….. at home!

Exercice 6/page 45

1 In the long………the cost of making a call from a mobile phone will fall.
2 Despite telemedicine, I think that most people prefer to see a doctor in……….. .
3 In………….of huge advances in the field of artificial intelligence, it’s unlikely that we’ll
ever be able to create machines that think as we do.
4 It’s hard to……….in the full impact on society of the increased use of computers.
5 I take…………… what I said sbout the Internet. I now find it very useful and
informative.
6 We found the person responsible for spreading the e-mail virus and………..for the
police.
7 When we got the new computer home and switched it on, nothing happened, so we sent
it……….. .
8 In……………… of a virus attack, we have given our team of technicians state of the art
protection software to install.
9 He complained…………..writing, but the shop hasn’t got back to him yet.
10 I thought I was too old to take………….. computing as a hobby, but I was wrong – I find
them really fun to use.

2. Complete the sentences using ONE word (ex:5, pag 75)

1 A historic Mayan mural has been found ……. chance.

2 Some days seem to trag ……. while others seem to fly by.
3 By and ……. , most people are honest
4 Some fruit and vegetables contain pesticide residues that exceed the level permitted by
……. .
5 At first she wouldn’t tell me what was happening, but in the end I deagged it ……. of
her.
6 Edward ……. to his word and paid back the money the next day.
7 Why do you always ……. that in every time we argue?
8 Are you telling me the whole truth, or are you keeping something ……. ?
9 By the ……. , we’re having a party on Saturday, can you come?
10 Stories and song are often oassed on by word of ……. .

2. Fill the gaps with one word. (ex: 5 pag 85)

1. Those two will never eye ……. eye, they have very different points of view.
2. After selling her property in London she has money coming out of her ……. .

50
3. Even though the company was going through hard times, they tried not to show. They belived
in keeping ……. appearances.
4. When he was told that he would have to redo all the work he said nothing; he just sighed and
……. a face.
5. This business has its ……. and downs but fortunately things are going very well at the
moment.
6. Mathew decided to make a down payment on his new car and pay ……. the rest in
installments.
7. I don’t think that Amanda  enjoyed the evening; she just picked ……. her dinner then made an
excuse and left.
8. The advertising campaign was successful and business picked ……. .
9. We will look at the CVs that have been sent to us and pick ……. the candidates we’d like to
interview.
10. he has a very insecure manager and used to pick ……. most off the staff.

2. Fill each gap with one word. (ex: 8 pag 86)

Forever Young
Anti-ageing medicine 0) ……. fastest growing sub-speciality in medicine today. Recent
advances and integrative medicine are proving that ageing, by and 1) ……., is a treatable
condition. Biomedical research has made some astonishing progress 2) ……. the past few years
in areas ranging from hormone replacement therapies 3) ……. stem cell research. Breakthroughs
4) ……. skin care and plastic surgery continue to provide new treatments and procedures that
can be helpful 5) ……. maintaining a youthful appearance. However, fitness cocktail includes
mind, body and spirt philosophies. 6) ……. philosophies not only include preventative
maintenance , exercices and proper diet, 7) ……. also a strong conviction to think, feel and grow
heatly.

2. Fill the gaps with one word. (ex: 4 pag 95)

1 Handcocks cash and ……. supplies the best fresh cream chocolates to the confectionary
trade.
2 The owner of this huge departament store started off as a market trade. It’s a real ……. to
riches story.
3 Some computer games cost an arm and a ……. .
4 They carried the joke too ……. and in the end some people were quite upset.
5 A good education will prepare  you yo earn your ……. and butter in the working world.
6 Try not to worry about things you can’t control, you don’t have to carry the world on
your ……. .
7 If we want to make the best use of space in the shop we should draw ……. a plan.
8 The more Kate talked about her idea the more I was drawn ……. . It sounded like a good
plan.
9 Everyone will be called ……. to help with the stork count.
10 The manager from head office decided to call ……. on our store to see how we were
doing.

51
3. Word building

Exercice 8/page 6

“Friends Reunited” expands

Friends Reunited, the UK website that 0) enables subscribers to locate thei old
school friends, is planning to expand. Extra sites will be launched in other countries,
using the same 1)…….. as the UK site.
The site has been a(n) 2)……….success sint it went live in the UK. Run by
husband and wife Steve and Julie Pankhurst, it has more than 6.2 million registered 3)
…….... . It received aeres of press 4)…………as features 5)………… realized its 6)
……… for generating human interest stories.
There have been several 7)…………, but none has met with the success of the
original. Now, according to the Pankhursts, there is plenty of room for international 8)
………… .

0 ABLE 3 USE 6 POTENT

1 LINE 4 COVER 7 IMITATE
2 QUALIFY 5 EDIT 8 GROW

What is the cost of genius?

Some children are endowed with such 9)………… talent that there seems to be no
accounting for it. And, while hereditary factors apparently have little to do with genius,
there is a clear 10)………. Between the parents involvement and the child’s 11)……. .
Parents can help (or hinder) the development of a child prodigy in a(n)
12……….number of ways, ranging from the attentive but not too 13)…….to the
downright 14)………… . The story of pianist Ruth Slezynska, who made her debut in
1929 at the age o 4 is quite frightening. In her autobiography she tells how her father
made her practice 9 hours a day. He tolerated no mistakes and hit her at the least wrong
note. At 15 she suffered a mental 15)……… that put an end to her career.

9 EXCEPT 12 FINITE 15 BREAK

10 CONNECT 13 PUSH

52
 11 ACCOMPLISH 14 OBSESS

Exercice 7/page 36

Victory over censorship

On April 22, Us District Judge JL Hendren ordered Cedarville School 0) officials

to return the four JK Rowling books of the Harry Potter series back into general 1)
………… on the school district’s library shelves. In June, the school board had voted 3-
to-2 to a motion requiring students to obtain 2)…………. permission to check out the
books. The board had 3)……… an unanimous decision by the district’s library
committee. The school board acted after a parent complained about the Harry Potter
books. The three board members who voted for the 4)………. said they felt the books
prompted children to 5)………. autorithy. Billy and Mary Nell Counts filed a lawsuit
against the school district because they were afraid their daughter would be 6)………….
if she were 7)……………. as someone who read books the district considered ‘evil’.

0 OFFICE 3 RULE 6 STIGMA

1 CIRCULATE 4 RESTRICT 7 IDENTITY
2 PARENT 5 OBEY

Voices of the Poor

Poverty is much more than a(n) 8)………….. income. For the poor, the good life
or well-being is multidimensional with both material and psychological dimensions.
Well-being is 9)………. of choice and action; it is peace of mind; it is safety; it is
belonging to a community; it is a(n) 10)……….livelihood and a steady source of income;
it is food. The poor describe ill-being as a lack of material things- food especially, but
also lack of 11)…………money, shelter and clothing-and living and working in often 12)
………………….., polluted and risky environments. They also defined ill-being as bad
experiences and bad feelings about oneself. 13)……………. of powerlessness over one’s
life and of being voiceless were not 14)…………; neither were feelings of 15)………….
and fear for the future.

53
 8 ADEQUATE 11 EMPLOY 14 COMMON
9 FREE 12 HEALTH 15 ANXIOUS
10 DEPEND 13 PERCEIVE

Exercice 8/page 46

An extraordinary gadget

Recently, in an 0) electrical shop, I tried on a pair of Olympus FMD-700 Eye

Trek TV glasses. When wearing them, one is supposed to be treated to a 1)………..
similar to that of watching a 52in television from a distance of six feet. My immediate 2)
………. To the glasses was, “What are they for?”. My 3)……… was partially satisfied
by a salesperson named Alan, who very 4)……….. tried to sell me a pair for a mere
£149. “You can use them to watch anything – videos, TV, even your Playstation 2”.
“What – all in the 5)……….. of my own head?” I asked. “That’s right!” enthused Al, and
6)………by my look of incredulity, went on to add, “You just lie in whatever position is
most 7)……… to you. You won’t have to leave your bed ever again!”.

0 ELECTRIC 3 CURIOUS 6 DISTURB

1 SIMULATE 4 EAGER 7 AGREE
2 RESPOND 5 PRIVATE

Noctilucent Clouds

Exhaust fumes from a space shuttle can drift over the North Pole and create high-
altitude clouds 8)……………. only at night, according to a new study. The discovery was
made upon 9)……….of data collected by a satellite launched eight days after a Space
Shuttle Discovery mission. Surprised 10)………. Watched the clouds develop from water
that had been transported into the 11)…………… atmosphere by the same craft that had
launched the satellite into orbit. Ground-based 12)…………….helped track the
movement of the water-laden exhaust plume. This particular cloud type, known as
‘noctilucent’, can also occur 13)……………., although scientists have little 14)
………….as to how or why it forms. The clouds are too thin to be seen from earth during

54
 the day and are only perceptible after sunset when the lower atmosphere 15)……….. and
the sun continues to reflect off the clouds.

8 VISION 11 UP 14 KNOW
9 EXAM 12 OBSERVE 15 DARK
10 SCIENCE 13 NATURE

3. Fill the gaps with words formed from the words in capitals (ex:10, pag 66)

Learn to Love Exercices

Whatever exercise you decide to do, start slowly. It takes at least six months for a new habit to
become part of your 0) ……. , so don’t expect miracles overnight. Start 1) ……. and, as you start
to feel 2) ……. , increase the duration of your exercise session and the 3) ……. . Exercise should
leave you feeling happy and refreshed. If you feel shattered, you’re probably overdoing it. A
good rule of thumb is to exercise so you can chat . Make sure you always stretch before and after
an exercise session. Stretching before exercise is a 4) ……. measure because muscles that are not
warm can easily be injured. Stretching afterwards is a 5) ……. measure because it helps prevent
muscle 6) ……. . Choose exercise that you enjoy. If you’re having fun, you’re more likely to
keep at it . Many people find a lot of 7) ……. in exerciseing as part of group.

0 life... 3 intense... 6 sore...

1 gradual... 4 protect... 7 motivate...

2 comfort... 5 prevent...

Female Friendships promote Well-being

A recent study from the University of California found that women’s friendships are special.
They shape who they are, soothe their 8) ……. inner world and fill the 9) ……. gaps in their
marriage. Close friendships between, women keep them healthy and even add years to their to
stress differently. while men tend to hole up somewhere on their own, women seek the company
of other women. The 11) ……. response is different too - men produce a ‘flight or fight’
response , whereas the oxytocin relased by women experiencing 12) ……. encourages them to
‘tend and befriend’ . The type of itimate and 13) …….friendship that women typically have
lowers blood pressure and cholesterol. The researchers say this partly explains why women 14)
……. men, and conclude that having no close friends can be as 15) ……. to your health as
smoking or carrying extra weight.

55
8 tumult... 11 hormone... 14 live...

9 emotion... 12 tense... 15 detriment...

10 find... 13 support...

3. Fill the gaps with words formed from the words in capitals. There is an example. (ex: 9,
pag 76)

Diet and Discipline

Teachers are forever remarking on just how poor or 0) …….nutrition directly impacts on
children’s 1) ……. . There are two 2) ……. impacts in the morning. If the child has not had a
proper breakfast, they are 3) ……. and have little desire to absorb. And those that are given loads
of sugar are extremly difficult to handle. Teachers may not be scientists ot 4) ……. but they are
at the frontline and their 5) ……. appear to be justfield. Studies have shown that children who do
not have a 6) ……. breakfast are less likely to be able to concentrate at school. A 7) …….
breakfast would be a bowl of cereal or porridge, or a couple of slices of brown bread with cheese
or peanut butter or a slice of pizza.

0 adequate... 3 slug... 6 substance...

1 behave... 4 research... 7 reason...

2 signif... 5 observe...

Improve your child’s mind

Like a computer, our minds proscess all the 8) ……. we input. Our beliefs and 9) ……. are built
by the thoughts and 10) ……. we regularly give ourselves. So too with children. Children’s
minds are incredibly active, with thousands of toughts each day.
Affirmations - short, simple 11) ……. that we repeat to ourselves either internally or out loud -
can effectively direct those thoughts towards a particular purpose. For example, if your child is
worried about an 12) ……. test, you could teach him to repeat to himself:
“ I’m going to do really well.“ Thus, the mind shifts from the worry to 13) ……. . Affirmations
also affect actions. As a results of the positive 14) ……. his mind is feeding him, he may event
study and extra half an hour before going to bed. Most important, he’ll start thinking about  ‘
doing well ‘, and expecting the best from his 15) ……. .

8 inform... 11 state... 14 stimulate...

56
9 expect... 12 come... 15 perform...

10 sugggest... 13 confident...

3. When Words are not Enough (teste- pag 115)

The Penan, a pace-loving 0) ……. , are the most ancient people living in Sarawak. As
exploitive logging companies and 47) ……. government authorities have 48) …….
ignored their land rights, the Penan have been forced to physically protect their land. So
far, none of the tribe’s 49) ……. for turning the remainder of their forests into a 50) …….
area have met with any official 51) ……. . Since their pleas have gone unheeded, the
Penan have set up a blockade on logging. They insist blockade will be maintained until
they receive assurances from local officials that they will either be granted some sort, of
52) ……. of their land rights, or, the extensive logging will be brought to a halt.
Whatever happens, it is abvious that the Penan face a bleak and 53) ……. future.  

4. Rewrite the advice on holiday safety using inversion (ex: 9, pag 66)

1 Before going into the water, for any warning signs. Not………….
2 Nerver stay in the water if you are tired or cold.
Under no………….
3 Children should never be left alone on the beach or in the water.
At no.…………
4 Nerver swim just after a meal or after consuming alcohol.
Under no……….....
5 Never swim in the sea at night.
On no………….
6 Only swimat night in a swimming pool if there are other people about.
7 Don’t go out in the sun without applying sunscreen.
Only after………….
8 The only way to avoid dehydration is to keep drinking plenty of non-alcoholic drinks.
Only by…………..

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