PROJECT

REPORT TEAM 7
PRATEEK UPPIN 01FE16BCV072
AMBRISH WAGMODE 01FE17BCV402
PRADEEP PARVATIKAR 01FE17BCV413
SHIVARAJ ISARANNAVAR 01FE17BCV423

NANO CEMENT BASED LIGHT SENSITIVE COATING MATERIAL TO STUDY OPTICAL

VARIATIONS ON STRUCTURE

OBJECTIVES:

1. To develop the nano composite based coating material to evaluate the optical properties

2. To measure the optical properties of the nano composite based coating material by conducting various tests
such as spectrophotometer test, light transmittance test using LUX meter and LDR test.

3. To carry out micro structural analysis on the prepared samples , i,.e, Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis
(EDX), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Resolution Analysis
(FTIR).

4. To determine the color variation of the coated surface due to variation in UV- Radiation.

MATERIAL USED:
1. Americos Photochromic Ink Pigment (White Changes to Orange)

2. Urethane Resin 1-3%

3. UV Resin 10-30%

4. White Paint

METHODOLOGY:

The project has been Conducted on Nano composite photochromic material .

The procedure is as follows :

 Preparation of cement mortar cubes :

 Ordinary Portland cement of 43 grade is used having specific gravity 3.15.

 The size of mortar cube is 150X150X100mm.

 Fine aggregates used are of 1.18 mm down size.

 Two set of samples of 9 moulds each are prepared. The first set has cement sand ratio 1:1 and W/C
ratio is 0.4 . The second set has cement sand ratio of 1:3 and W/C ratio of 0.5

 The cubes are cured for 28 days.

 Coating of samples using photochromic pigment.

 The surface is coated with base pigment preferably white.

 The base medium should be having pH between 7-9 so as not to deactivate the chemical effects of the
pigments.

. Coating material preparation and application

Ingredients required
• Resin – 1-3% for Epoxy Resins, 10-30% for UV Resins.

• Paint - 10-30%

• Ink - 20-40%

Procedure

• Selecting a base medium

• The best result come when the base medium preferably a clear or semi transparent

• The base medium should have pH between 7 – 9,so as not to deactivate the chemical
effects of the pigments.

• Mixing tips

• Higher ratios of ink to medium will provide brighter results, but going higher than 30-
40% will not yield better results.

• When mixing, add the medium to ink, not ink to medium. That way, you can stop
when desired concentration or effect is reached.
 • Coating of mortar surface

• Finely clean the surface that has to be coated with paint. Sand paper can be used for this step.

• Apply base medium of preferably white color, to have greater effect on the surface and dry it for 24
hours.

• Apply the second coat of the base medium to the surface and allow it to dry.

• After drying, coat the white surface with photochromic ink mixed with epoxy resin that helps ink to
adhere to the surface.

• Repeat the same procedure for 2 more coats.

WORK DONE SO FAR:

 Cement mortar cubes of size 150X150X100 mm are prepared and kept for curing.

 A total of 18 such sample are prepared with 9 samples having w/c ratio of 0.5 and 9 having w/c ratio having
0.4

 Photochromic coating material is acquired and is ready for coating mortar surface.

 Analysis of compression test on mortar cubes is carried out using ANSYS v 18.2 and COMSOL v 5.2

REMAINING WORK:

 To carry out mechanical tests such as compression and flexural on mortar cubes without applying coating and
applying coating material
 To carry out micro structural analysis including Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDX), Scanning Electron
Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Resolution Analysis (FTIR) on prepared cubes
 TESTS PROCEDURE
. Flexural Test
 Procedure of Flexural Test on Concrete
 The test should be conducted on the specimen immediately after taken out of the curing condition so as to
prevent surface drying which decline flexural strength.
 Place the specimen on the loading points. The hand finished surface of the specimen should not be in contact
with loading points. This will ensure an acceptable contact between the specimen and loading points.
 Center the loading system in relation to the applied force.
 Bring the block applying force in contact with the specimen surface at the loading points.
 Applying loads between 2 to 6 percent of the computed ultimate load.
 Employing 0.10 mm and 0.38 mm leaf-type feeler gages, specify whether any space between the specimen
and the load-applying or support blocks is greater or less than each of the gages over a length of 25 mm or
more.
 Eliminate any gap greater than 0.10mm using leather shims (6.4mm thick and 25 to 50mm long) and it should
extend the full width of the specimen.
 Capping or grinding should be considered to remove gaps in excess of 0.38mm.
 Load the specimen continuously without shock till the point of failure at a constant rate (Indian standard
specified loading rate of 400 Kg/min for 150mm specimen and 180kg/min for 100mm specimen, stress
increase rate 0.06+/-0.04N/mm2.s according to British standard).
 The loading rate as per ASTM standard can be computed based on the following equation:
r=Sbd2 /L
Where:
MR: modulus of rupture
P: ultimate applied load indicated by testing machine
L: span length
b: average width of the specimen at the fracture
d: average depth of the specimen at the fracture

PROCEDURE FOR COMPRESSIVE TEST

 Remove the specimen from water after specified curing time and wipe out excess water from the surface.
 Clean the bearing surface of the testing machine
 Place the specimen in the machine in such a manner that the load shall be applied to the opposite sides of the
cube cast.
 Align the specimen centrally on the base plate of the machine.
 Rotate the movable portion gently by hand so that it touches the top surface of the specimen.

 Apply the load gradually without shock and continuously at the required rate till the specimen fails.
 Record the maximum load and note any unusual features in the type of failure.
 MICROSTRUCTARAL ANALYSIS TEST

1. Fourier-transform Infrared Spectroscopy

 Before FTIR analysis begins, the sample is prepared for testing using either the attenuated total
reflectance (ATR), Nujol or other technique. Enough sample is required to obtain an absorption
spectrum.
 The FTIR Spectrometer generates a graph in the form of an absorbance spectra, which shows the unique
chemical bonds and the molecular structure of the sample material. This absorption spectrum will have peaks
representing components present. These absorbance peaks indicate functional groups (e.g. alkanes, ketones,
acid chlorides). Different types of bonds, and thus different functional groups, absorb infrared radiation of
different wavelengths.
 The analytical spectrum is then compared in a reference library program to identify components or to find
a “best match” for unknown material using the cataloged spectra for known materials.

 Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDX)

Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis, referred to as EDS or EDAX, is an X-ray technique use to identify the
elemental composition of materials. Application include materials and product research, troubleshooting,
deformulation and more. The data generated by EDX analysis consist of specter showing peaks corresponding
to the elements making up the true composition of the sample being analyzed. Elemental mapping of sample
and image analysis are also possible
 Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)
Scanning Electron Microscopy uses a focused beam of high energy electrons to generate a variety of
signals at the surface of solid specimens. In most SEM microscopy application, data is collected over a
selected area of the surface of the sample and a two dimensional image is generated that displays special
variation in properties including chemical characterization, texture and orientation of materials. The SEM is
also capable of performing analysis of selected point location on the sample. This approach is especially
useful in qualitatively or semi –quantitatively determining chemical composition, crystalline structure and
crystal orientation

 TESTING OF OPTICAL PARAMETERS

1. LDR Test
LDR (Light Dependent Resistance) can be very easily tested by using digital multi meter the
resistance of an LDR varies according to the light falling on it. At bright light, the LDR resistance will be
around 5000 ohms and at darkness the resistance will be around 200K for proper diagnosis we need to
measure the resistance of the LDR at bright light and at darkness
  Test1.
Keep the multimeter at Ohms mode. The LDR must be subjected to a bright light source (day light is
enough).Connect the LDR leads to the multimeter terminals as shown in the figure. Now the multimeter will
show a low resistance reading around 500 Ohms.
 Test2.
Keep the multimeter at Ohms mode. The LDR must be subjected to darkness by covering it with an opaque
paper. Connect the LDR leads to the multimeter terminals as shown in the figure. Now the multimeter will
show a high resistance reading around 200K.

OUTCOMES:

 To know the effect of coating material on the mechanical properties of mortar cube.
 To study the relation between intensity of applied UV radiation and desired color changing effect

 To study the optical variation on the mortar surface due to applied coating material
 To determine the exact range of wavelength of UV spectrum within which the coating material shows
maximum effect to exposed high intensity UV light
 To carry interfacial bond between Nanocomposite and cement matrix.

DUE TO THE IMPACT OF COVID -19 PANDEMIC THE MEASURES TAKEN BY THE
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA TO HINDER THE SPREAD OF THE PANDEMIC HAS RESTRAINED US
FROM WORKING ON THE PROJECT. FOR THIS REASON, WE HAVE CHANGED PROJECT TOPIC
AS THE FOLLOWING:

STUDY THE EFFECT OF CARBON FIBER ON RCC BEAM ELEMENT USING ANSYS MODELLING
SUBJECTED TO FLEXURAL, TENSILE ALONG WITH ELECTROMECHANICAL LOADINGUSING
ANSYS

Objectives:

 To study the effect of wrapped carbon fibre on RCC beam element subjected to electromechanical loading.
 To carryout ANSYS modelling of RCC beam subjected to tension, flexure and to electromechanical stresses.

MATERIAL PROPERTIES ASSUMPTIONS IN ANSYS

As the project had to be carried out by analytical approach only, that is, using a software, which in this case
ANSYS, the following assumptions are made
 Plane sections normal to the axis remain plane even after bending
 Tensile strength of concrete beam is ignored
 Linear elastic behaviour of concrete is assumed
 Maximum strain is concrete is assumed to be 0.0035
 Dimension of RCC beam is 230X400X1000mm
 Beam is singly reinforced

 Mechanical properties of concrete are as follows:

o Modulus of rigidity – 21GPa
o Poisons ratio – 0.15-0.2
o Modulus of Elasticity – 0.45fck
o Density – 24 kg/cum
 Mechanical properties of steel are as follows:
o Modulus of rigidity – 78GPa
o Poisons ratio – 0.265-0.303
o Modulus of Elasticity – 200GPa
o Density – 7850 kg/cum
 Mechanical properties of fine aggregate are as follows
o Shear modulus – 44GPa
o Poisons ratio – 0.29-0.305
o Density – 1631 kg/cum
 Mechanical properties of coarse aggregate are as follows
o Poisons ratio – 0.15-0.2
o Density – 1301 kg/cum
 Mechanical properties of carbon fibre are as follows
o Poisons ratio – 0.77
o Density – 1600 kg/cum

o Young’s modulus – 70GPa

o Shear modulus – 3GPa
o Co-eff of thermal expansion – 2.1E-6/K
METHODOLOGY
A beam of length 1000mm, width 230mm and depth 400mm is considered. The top longitudinal
reinforcement consists of four bars of 12mm diameter and the bottom longitudinal reinforcement
consists of two bars of 8mm diameter with spacing 150 mm.

In ANSYS 19.2, the Elements used for analysis of beams were Solid 65, Beam 188 and Solid 185.
Solid 65 will be used for the three- dimensional modeling of concrete. The elements is defined by 8
nodes. Solid 186 will be used for solid structures.

Various tests are carried out on this modelled RCC beam when wrapping is done and wrapping is
ignore and results are compared.
 The elements are given in Table

Material type Elements No. od

nodes
Concrete Solid 65 8

Steel Beam 188 2

CFRP and Solid 185 8

GFRP

DAY WISE TIMELINE:

DATE PROJECTED WORK REFERENCES

APRIL DOWNLOADING OF ANSYS SOFTWARE https://getintopc.com/softwares/ansys-products-19-2-
27 free-download-6384058/

APRIL DOWNLOADING OF ANSYS SOFTWARE & https://getintopc.com/softwares/ansys-products-19-2-

28 LITERATURE READING free-download-6384058/

APRIL DOWNLOADING OF ANSYS SOFTWARE & https://getintopc.com/softwares/ansys-products-19-2-

29 LITERATURE READING free-download-6384058/

APRIL DOWNLOADING AND INSTALLATION OF https://getintopc.com/softwares/ansys-products-19-2-

30 ANSYS SOFTWARE free-download-6384058/

MAY 1 LITERATURE SURVEY REGARDING ANSYS
MAY 2 LITERATURE SURVEY REGARDING ANSYS
LEARNING OF ANSYS THROUGH
YOUTUBE VIDEO SERIES
PAPER 1 – “Analysis Of Carbon Fibre Composite
Strengthening Technique For Reinforced Beam By S.D
VANJARA
PAPER 2 – “Analysis Of Composite Beam Using
Ansys” By JAYALIN D
PAPER 3 – “The Beam Retrofitted By Carbon Fibre-
Experiment And Design” By HIROYA HAGHIO
PAPER 4 – “Strengthening Of Rcc Beam Using Carbon
Fibre Reinforced Polymer” By RATAN KHARATMOL
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yLw2g9w5PrY&list
=PLz70uR9doBgz9xyiTdrwt0KUSbfDPNCot

MAY 3 LEARNING ANSYS THROUGH VIDEO - https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=yLw2g9w5PrY&list=P

INTRODUCTION TO FEA Lz70uR9doBgz9xyiTdrwt0KUSbfDPNCot&index=3

MAY 4 LEARNING AND EXECUTING ANSYS https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=jfpyKyPCPkU&list=PL

THROUGH VIDEO - BASIC GEOMETRY z70uR9doBgz9xyiTdrwt0KUSbfDPNCot&index=4
CREATION
MAY 5 LEARNING AND EXECUTING ANSYS https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=jfpyKyPCPkU&list=PL
THROUGH VIDEO - BASIC GEOMETRY z70uR9doBgz9xyiTdrwt0KUSbfDPNCot&index=4
CREATION 2
MAY 6 CREATING 230X400X1000mm 3D BEAM IN https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yLw2g9w5PrY&list
AUTOCAD AND EXPORTING IT TO ASNYS. =PLz70uR9doBgz9xyiTdrwt0KUSbfDPNCot
LEARNING AND EXECUTING ANSYS
THROUGH VIDEO - HOW TO SKETCH A
GEOMETRY
MAY 7 LEARNING ANSYS THROUGH VIDEO - https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=0_szrrjcKu0&list=PLz7
MECHANICAL MODEL AND FINITE 0uR9doBgz9xyiTdrwt0KUSbfDPNCot&index=6
ELEMENT MODELER
MAY 8 LEARNING AND EXECUTING ANSYS https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=lo8ijJYhImI
THROUGH VIDEO - ASSIGNING
MATERIAL PROPERTIES
DATE PROJECTED WORK REFERENCES
MAY 9 LEARNING ANSYS THROUGH VIDEO - https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=We3G5gQ-K1w
UNDERSTANDING MATERIAL LIBRARY AND
ENGINEERING DATA IN ANSYS WORKBENCH

MAY LEARNING ANSYS THROUGH VIDEO - https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=We3G5gQ-K1w

10 UNDERSTANDING MATERIAL LIBRARY AND
ENGINEERING DATA IN ANSYS WORKBENCH 2

MAY LEARNING ANSYS THROUGH VIDEO - https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=FhuUwkiNqPY

11 UNDERSTANDING VARIOUS TYPES OF
STRUCTURES IN ANSYS
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=DIll8bI-ea8

MAY LEARNING AND EXECUTING ANSYS THROUGH https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=mAZKGNcDDvs

12 VIDEO - UNDERSTANDING LINEAR AND
NONLINEAR STRUCTURES IN ANSYS

MAY EXECUTING ANSYS WORK – EXPORTING OF .stp FILE FROM CADD, MODELLING OF 3D BEAM,
13 CUSTOMIZE & CREATING OF MATERIALS.
MAY EXECUTING ANSYS WORK – ASSIGNING OF MATERIAL PROPERTIES, LEARNING BOUNDARY
14 CONDITIONS, ASSIGNING OF END CONDITIONS, CREATING CARBON FIBRE MATERIAL BY
INPUTTING RELEVANT PROPERTIES

MAY LEARNING AND EXECUTING ANSYS THROUGH https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=auZ4Hda24us

15 VIDEO - APPLYING VARIABLE FORCES ON
MODEL

MAY LEARNING AND EXECUTING ANSYS THROUGH https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=4Vzo6d8DozE

16 VIDEO - APPLYING NODAL FORCES
ASSIGNING RESTRAINS https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=2oLs7ES0hJc

MAY LEARNING AND EXECUTING ANSYS THROUGH https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=auZ4Hda24us

17 VIDEO – UNDERSTANDING WRAPPINF
PROCESS OF SECONDARY MATERIALS IN
ANSYS
MAY LEARNING AND EXECUTING ANSYS THROUGH https://youtu.be/q3BxrHMy7Kk
18 VIDEO - UNDERSTANDING COMPRESSIVE,
TENSILE & FLEXURAL LOADS

MAY EXECUTING ANSYS WORK – APPLYING COMPRESSIVE LOADS ON BOTH WRAPPED AND
19 UNWRAPPED BEAM & ANALYZING RESULTS
APPLYING FLEXURAL STRESS LOADS ON BOTH WRAPPED AND UNWRAPPED BEAM &
ANALYSING RESULTS

MAY LEARNING AND EXECUTING ANSYS THROUGH https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=fbLnyFmCHuA

20 VIDEO - UNDERSTANDING
ELETROMECHNICAL LOADS IN ANSYS
EXECUTE THE SAME ON BOTH WRAPPED AND
UNWRAPPED BEAM & ANALYZING RESULTS

MAY SIMULTANEOUS COMPLETEING PROJECT REPORT AND FINISH AND SUBMIT AT MAY 24
21-24
EXPECTED OUTCOMES:

 Determine the relationship between Stress-Strain of composite RCC beam element subject to compression
loading by increasing stresses at 140 kg/sqcm/min. Compressive loading analysis is carried out in ANSYS to
determine breaking stress of concrete beam wrapped with CF and compare the results with that of RCC beam
without CF wrapping.
 Study the effects of carbon fibre wrapping in the tensile strength of concrete beam by conducting flexural test.
Rate of loading in flexural test will be 400kg/min. Load is applied simultaneously at points L/3 from end of
the beam to simulate pure bending effect.
 Study the Interfacial bond of carbon fiber with wrapped sides of RCC beam element by studying the Load vs
deflection behaviour.
 To know the stresses variation in composite RCC beam by conducting Electromechanical test at a load
increment of 2kN/sec by reaching the maximum load of 50 kN. The electrical requirement for analysis is
taken as 220-240V,50-60Hz.