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Name: Hamza Mahmoud Salah ID: 20162750 Supervisor: DR - Nazieh Hasan /eng. Ahmad AL-dalo Class: Workshop 2
Name: Hamza Mahmoud Salah ID: 20162750 Supervisor: DR - Nazieh Hasan /eng. Ahmad AL-dalo Class: Workshop 2
ID: 20162750
Supervisor: Dr.Nazieh Hasan \Eng. Ahmad AL-dalo
Class: Workshop 2
SHAPER, PLANER AND SLOTTER:
SHAPER:
Machine tool used for shaping operation is called shaper.
Designed for machining flat surfaces on small sized jobs. If the size of the job is
large, then planning is used.
In a shaper, the work piece is held stationary during cutting, while the tool
reciprocates horizontally. The feed and depth of cut are normally provided by
moving the work. Such shaper is called a horizontal shaper.
Base
Body (Pillar, Frame, Column)
Cross rail, Ram
tool head (Tool Post, Tool Slide, Clamper Box Block)
Base:
Base is a heavy cast iron casting which is fixed to the shop floor.
It supports the body frame and the entire load of the machine.
Base absorbs and withstands vibrations and other forces which are likely to be induced
during the shaping operations.
Cross rail:
Mounted on the front of the body frame and can be moved up and down.
The vertical movement of the cross rail permits jobs of different heights to be
accommodated below the tool.
Sliding along the cross rail is a saddle which carries the work table.
Planer or planning machine is a machine tool, which like the shaper produces flat
surfaces in horizontal, vertical or inclined plane.
Fundamental difference is that the planer operates with an action opposite to that of the
shapers, i.e., the work piece reciprocates past one or mare stationary single point cutting tools.
Planners are meant for machining large sized work pieces, which cannot be machined by the
shaping machines.
4 Shaper can employ light cuts and finer feed. Planer can employ heavier cuts and coarse
feed.
5 Shaper uses one cutting tool at a time. Planer uses several tools to cut
simultaneously.
6 The shaper is driven using quick return The drive on the planer table is either
mechanism. by gears or by hydraulic means.
7 It is less rigid and less robust. Due to better rigidity of planer machine,
compared to that of a shaper, planer can
give more accuracy on machined surfaces
LATHE MACHINE:
*INTRODUNCTION:
Lathe is one of the most important machine tools in the metal working industry. A
lathe operates on the principle of a rotating work piece and a fixed cutting tool.
The cutting tool is feed into the work piece, which rotates about its own axis,
causing the work piece to be formed to the desired shape. Lathe machine is also
known as “the mother/father of the entire tool family”.
http://studymafia.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/mech-lathe-machine-report.pdf
*Types of lathes:
1. Bench Lathe:
It is a very small lathe and is mounted on a separately prepared bench or cabinet. It is used for
small and precision work since it is very accurate.
2. Speed Lathes:
These lathes may be of bench type or they may have the supporting legs cast and fitted to the
bed. These lathes have most of the attachments which the other types of lathe carry but have
no provision for power feed. Such lathes are usually employed for wood turning, polishing,
centering and metal spinning, etc. Thus, they can be considered as merely of a theoretical value
so far as the modern machine shops are concerned. They are named so because of the very
high speed at which the spindle rotates.
3. Engine Lathe:
It is probably the most widely used type of lathe. Although it practically resembles a speed lathe
in most of its features, but its construction is relatively more robust. Its headstock is bigger in
size and more robust, incorporating suitable mechanism for providing multiple speeds to the
lathe spindle.
6. Automatic Lathe:
These lathes help a long way in enhancing the quality as well as the quantity of production.
They are so designed that all the working and job handling movements of the complete
manufacturing process for a job are done automatically. No participation of the operator is
required during the operation.. Automatic lathes are available having single or multi spindles.
They fall in the category of heavy duty, high speed lathes mainly employed in mass production.
http://engineering.myindialist.com/2014/types-of-lathes/#.Xq8RFagza00
GAS WELDING:
INTRODUCTION:
WELDING DEFINITION:
Welding is a process for joining similar metals. Welding joins metals by melting and fusing 1, the
base metals being joined and 2, the filler metal applied. Welding employs pinpointed, localized
heat input. Most welding involves ferrous- based metals such as steel and stainless steel.
Welding covers a temperature range of 1500º F - 3000º F (800ºC - 1635ºC). Weld joints are
usually stronger or as strong as the base metals being joined.Oxy-fuel is one of the oldest
welding processes. Still used in industry, in recent decades it has been less widely utilized in
industrial applications as other specifically devised technologies have been adopted. It is still
widely used for welding pipes and tubes, as well as repair work. It is also frequently well-suited,
and favored, for fabricating some types of metal-based artwork.