Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Rights To Liberty
Rights To Liberty
Rights To Liberty
1.Treaty of Peace and Friendship (Amity and Commerce) Between Morocco and The United
States 1786-87;
16. In case of a War between the Parties, the Prisoners are not to be made Slaves, but to be exchanged
one for another, Captain for Captain, Officer for Officer and one private Man for another; and if there shall
prove a deficiency on either side, it shall be made up by the payment of one hundred Mexican Dollars for
each Person wanting; And it is agreed that all Prisoners shall be exchanged in twelve Months from the Time of
their being taken, and that this exchange may be effected by a Merchant or any other Person authorized by
either of the Parties.
The sixteenth article has been well rendered in all essentials in the translation of 1786, but the words
"are not to be made slaves" are not in the original, and the "Mexican dollar" is represented in Arabic by
"royal" only.
To Note: Mexican dollar did not exist in 1786-87 therefore ‘royal’ inferred as Gold and Pursuant to the
Constitution 1787 - Section. 10. Clause 1 No State shall enter into any Treaty, Alliance, or Confederation; grant Letters
of Marque and Reprisal; coin Money; emit Bills of Credit; make any Thing but gold and silver Coin a Tender in Payment
of Debts; pass any Bill of Attainder, ex post facto Law, or Law impairing the Obligation of Contracts, or grant any Title
of Nobility.
The twentieth article is that if a person of our [can only mean hero the American] nation or under our
flag is guilty of misdemeanor, the Consul of his nation shall pass sentence upon him. If the Consul wants the
assistance of the officials of the Pasha of the place, it shall be granted to him.
21. If a Citizen of the United States should kill or wound a Moor, or on the contrary if a Moor shall kill or
wound a Citizen of the United States, the Law of the Country shall take place and equal Justice shall be
rendered, the Consul assisting at the Tryal, and if any Delinquent shall make his escape, the Consul shall not
be answerable for him in any manner whatever.
The twenty-first article is that if there has been killed a Christian out of them or the reverse [sic] or
has wounded him [sic], then he will be sentenced according to the rules of the Sacred [Mohammedan] Law,
neither more nor less, and the trial is to take place in the presence of the Consul. If the delinquent escapes
before having been sentenced, the Consul shall not be held responsible for him nor for the crime he committed.
[The redaction of Article 21 is extremely inept.]
2.Dred Scott v. Sandford, 60 U.S. 393 (more) 19 How. 393; 15 L. Ed. 691; 1856 WL 8721; 1857
U.S. LEXIS 472
Dred Scott Case Decision (argued 1856 -- decided 1857), the Supreme Court ruled that African
descent, whether free or enslave, were not citizens and could not sue in federal court. The Court
also ruled that Congress lacked power to ban slavery in the U.S. territories. Finally, the Court declared
that the rights of slaveowners were constitutionally protected by the Fifth Amendment because slaves
were categorized as property.
Section 1 All Debts contracted and Engagements entered into, before the Adoption of this Constitution,
shall be as valid against the United States under this Constitution, as under the Confederation.
Section 2 This Constitution, and the Laws of the United States which shall be made in Pursuance
thereof; and all Treaties made, or which shall be made, under the Authority of the United States, shall
be the supreme Law of the Land; and the Judges in every State shall be bound thereby, any Thing in the
Constitution or Laws of any State to the Contrary notwithstanding.
Section 3 The Senators and Representatives before mentioned, and the Members of the several State
Legislatures, and all executive and judicial Officers, both of the United States and of the several States, shall
be bound by Oath or Affirmation, to support this Constitution; but no religious Test shall ever be required as a
Qualification to any Office or public Trust under the United States.
SECTION 12 – The traffic in Slaves with Africa is hereby forever prohibited on pain of death
and the forfeiture of all the rights and property of persons engaged therein; and the descendants
of Africans shall not be citizens.
5. Circle 7 Holy Koran, for Moorish American 1926 - Divinely Prepared by the Holy
Noble Prophet El Hajj Sharif Abdul Ali/Noble Drew Ali 1926
6. The Moabites from the land of Moab who received permission from the Pharaohs of Egypt to
settle and inhabit North-West Africa; they were the founders and are the true possessors of the present
Moroccan Empire. With their Canaanite, Hittite and Amorite brethren who sojourned. From the land of
Canaan seeking new homes.
9. The covenant of the great God-Allah, “Honor thy Father and thy Mother that thy day
maybe longer upon the earth land, which the Lord thy God Allah hath given thee!”
10. What your ancient forefathers were you are today without contradiction.
In the House of Representatives, April 17, 1933. Many sons and daughters of that proud and handsome race
which inspired the architecture of Northern Africa and carried into Spain the influence of its artistic
temperaments have become citizens of this Nation.
In the City of Philadelphia there exists a Moorish-American Society made up of Moors who have
found here the end of their quest for a home and of the children of those who journeyed here from the plains of
Morocco.
This Society has done much to bring about a thorough absorption by these people of those principles which
are necessary to make them good American citizens. These Moorish-Americans have since
being here missed the use of the titles and name annexations that were so familiar at home and
which are used in accordance with the doctrines of the religious faith to which they are adherents therefore be
it, Resolved That this House bringing about a speedy and thorough Americanization of these former Moors
and that in accordance with the fullest right of religious independence guaranteed every citizen we recognize
also the right of these people to use the name affixes El or Ali or Bey or any other prefix or suffix to
which they have heretofore been accustomed to use or which they may hereafter acquire the right to use.
In the Constitution of the United States, the 9th Amendment states, in its
entirety, “The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not
be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.” The
other rights are common-law and natural rights.
Therefore the U.S. Constitution recognizes natural rights, and all laws in
the USA should be consistent with the 9th Amendment, although in
practice, the 9th is ignored and not widely understood.
JUDICAL ENGAGEMENT - [ju-di-cial en-gage-ment] (noun): The act of properly
judging, by focusing on the facts of every case, remaining impartial, and requiring the
government to justify its actions with reliable evidence.
“No state shall convert a liberty into a license, and charge a fee therefore.”
(Murdock v. Pennsylvania, 319 U.S. 105)
“If the State converts a right (liberty) into a privilege, the citizen can ignore the license and
fee and engage in the right (liberty) with impunity.”
(Shuttlesworth v. City of Birmingham, Alabama, 373 U.S. 262)
11. "Undoubtedly the right of locomotion, the right to remove from one place to another
according to inclination, is an attribute of personal liberty, and the right, ordinarily, of free
transit from or through the territory of any State is a right secured by the l4th Amendment
and by other provisions of the Constitution." - Schactman v Dulles, 96 App D.C. 287,
293.
12. It is settled that the streets of a city belong to the people of a state and the use thereof
is an inalienable right of every citizen of the state. Whyte v. City of Sacramento, 65 Cal.
App. 534, 547, 224 Pac. 1008, 1013 (1924); Escobedo v. State Dept. of Motor Vehicles
(1950), 222 Pac. 2d 1, 5, 35 Cal.2d 870 (1950).
13. This right of the people to the use of the public streets of a city is so well established
and so universally recognized in this country, that it has become a part of the alphabet of
fundamental rights of the citizen. Swift v. City of Topeka, 23 Pac. 1075,1076, 43 Kansas
671, 674.
14. "Complete freedom of the highways is so old and well established a blessing that we
have forgotten the days of the Robber Barons and toll roads, and yet, under an act like this,
arbitrarily administered, the highways may be completely monopolized, if, through lack of
interest, the people submit, then they may look to see the most sacred of their liberties
taken from them one by one, by more or less rapid encroachment." Robertson vs.
Department of Public Works, 180 Wash 133,147.
15. Public ways, as applied to ways by land, are usually termed “highways” or “public
roads,” are such ways as every citizen has a right to use. Kripp v. Curtis, 11 P. 879; 71
Cal. 62
16. Every citizen has an inalienable right to make use of the public highways of the state;
every citizen has full freedom to travel from place to place in the enjoyment of life and
liberty. People v Nothaus, 363 P.2d 180, 182 (Colo.-1961).
17. Americans' "freedom to travel throughout the United States has long been recognized
as a basic right under the Constitution," according to multiple cases including Williams v
Fears, 179 US 270, 274; 21 S Ct 128; 45 L Ed 186 (1900); Twining v New Jersey, 211 US
78, 97; 29 S Ct 14; 53 L Ed 97 (1908), as listed in the case of United States v Guest,
383 US 745; 86 S Ct 1170; 16 L Ed 2d 239 (1968), a case involving criminally prosecuting
20. In effect, as per the Supreme Court decision in the case of Crandall v Nevada, 73 US
35; 18 L Ed (1867), speed limits and other traffic control devices, being non-fact-based, are
simply an unlawful tax or impost on travel, and thus unconstitutional for the reason cited in
Crandall. (Crandall involved a tax on travelers! which is what in essence speed limits,
unscientific stop signs, etc., simply are, stripped of all the phony fraudulent politician
folderol pretending them to relate somehow to safety, not to mention that are extortion
violating the federal anti-racketeering act (RICO), 18 USC 1961 and the law against
obstructing federal rights, 18 USC 241).
Colorado Article 42-2-101 clearly states, licensing is for commercial drivers, not private
citizens..
21. "...For while a citizen has the right to travel upon the public highways and to transport
his property thereon, that right does not extend to the use of the highways...as a place for
private gain. For the latter purpose, no person has a vested right to use the highways of this
state, but it is a privilege...which the (state) may grant or withhold at its discretion..." State
v. Johnson, 245 P 1073.
22. "The right to travel is part of the Liberty of which the citizen cannot be deprived without
due process of law under the Fifth Amendment." Kent v. Dulles 357 U.S. 116, 125.
Reaffirmed in Zemel v. Rusk 33 US 1.
23. "Where activities or enjoyment, natural and often necessary to the well being of an
American citizen, such as travel, are involved, we will construe narrowly all delegated
powers that curtail or dilute them... to repeat, we deal here with a constitutional right of the
citizen..." Edwards v. California 314 US 160 (1941).
24. "Even the legislature has no power to deny to a citizen the right to travel upon the
highway and transport his property in the ordinary course of his business or pleasure,
though this right may be regulated in accordance with the public interest and convenience.
- Chicago Motor Coach v Chicago, 169 NE 22 ("Regulated" here means stop lights,
signs, etc. NOT a privilege that requires permission or unconstitutional taxation; i.e. -
licensing, mandatory insurance, vehicle registration, etc., requiring financial consideration,
which are more illegal taxes.)
26. "The right to travel is protected by the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th
Amendment."
"Right to travel is constitutionally protected against private as well as public
encroachment."
Volunteer Medical Clinic, Inc. V. Operation Rescue, 948 F2d 218; International Org. Of
Masters, Etc. V. Andrews, 831, F2d 843; Zobel v. Williams, 457 US 55, 102 Sct. 2309.
28. "Where an individual is detained, without a warrant and without having committed a
crime (traffic infractions are not crimes), the detention is a false arrest and false
imprisonment."
Damages Awarded: Trezevant v. City of Tampa, 241 F2d. 336 (11th CIR 1984)
30. "The license means to confer on a person the right to do something which otherwise he
would not have the right to do." City of Louisville v. Sebree, 214 S.W. 2D 248; 308 Ky.
420.
31. "The object of a license is to confer a right or power which does not exist without it."
Pavne v. Massev, 196 S.W. 2D 493; 145 Tex. 273; Shuman v. City of Ft. Wayne, 127
Indiana 109; 26 NE 560, 561 (1891); 194 So 569 (1940).
32. "A license is a mere permit to do something that without it would be unlawful."
Littleton v. Buress, 82 P. 864, 866; 14 Wyo.173.
33. "A license, pure and simple, is a mere personal privilege...River Development Corp. V.
Liberty Corp., 133 A. 2d 373, 385; 45 N.J. Super. 445.
34. "A license is merely a permit or privilege to do what otherwise would be unlawful, and is
not a contract between the authority, federal, state or municipal granting it and the person
37. "It is clear that a license relates to qualifications to engage in profession, business,
trade or calling; thus when merely traveling without compensation or profit, outside of
business enterprise or adventure with the corporate state, no license is required of the
natural individual traveling for personal business, pleasure and transportation." Wingfield v.
Fielder (1972) 29 CA3d 213.
38. "The acceptance of a license, in whatever form, will not impose upon the licensee an
obligation to respect or to comply with any provision of the statute or with the regulations
prescribed that are repugnant to the Constitution of the United States." W. W. CARGILL
CO. v. STATE OF MINNESOTA, 180 U.S. 452 (1901) 180 U.S. 452
39. "The word privilege is defined as a particular benefit, favor, or advantage, a right or
immunity not enjoyed by all, or it may be enjoyed only under special conditions." Knoll
Gold Club v. U.S., 179 Fed Supp. 377, 380.
"...those things which are considered as inalienable rights which all citizens possess cannot
be licensed since those acts are not held to be a privilege." City of Chicago v. Collins, 51
N.E. 907, 910