Curriculum :

Theories of learning

1. ) Behaviorist experts believes that learning is a process of changing in terms behaviour or

attitude. These theory's experts see education in the existence of stimuli and response.
This theory sees the input which comes toward the students and the response which
comes from the students are those that matters in learning. What happen between
response and stimuli is not that matters. This theory sees reinforcement as one of the
important things in learning as it will affect both of the stimuli and the response.

The example of learning process based on the behaviorist theory is when a teacher
gives stimuli to the students in form of learning material about the discipline in keeping
the environment clean, then the students will respond by doing the action such as
throwing the trash into the bin, and when the teacher gives the positive reinforcement the
student will do it more in another opportunities. They will do it more as a response to the
stimuli given by the teacher. Or the response given by the students could be in form of
questions such as why do they need to be discipline? And so on

2.) The constructivist believes that learning is a process of constructing the idea, not only by
absorbing the knowledge given by the teachers but also by composing and establishing
the knowledge by the students themselves. The students will be a facilitator for the
students to find and construct their own idea from their knowledge or basic idea they
have possed before been taught by the teacher. This theory believes that students should
be an independent individual in learning so they have freedom to build themselves to be
better.

The example : of learning based on the theory of constructivist is the students will
develop and build their understanding on the topic explained in classroom by the teacher.
They will add their previous knowledge, with the one that they teacher give them. Or
they will collect more information by reading books in library

3.) Social-cognitive theory believes that learning happens when someone learns about
something from a model that models a behavior. Learning, by this theory is viewed as a
learning process done by observing. Learner will try to do or immitate what the models
showed. In order to be able to immitate the action from the models being observed, the
learners will pay attention, doing retention, producing some actions, and making
repetition for reinforcement

The example for Social-cognitive, the students will do an attempt to immitate their
sport teacher in doing the right corner kick in football games, or a specific hitting
technique in playing badminton. The students can also immitate the healthy lifestyle
shown by the teacher.