EnvE EnvironmentalEngineering

Environmental Index

• WHAT? Index
• WHY? Index
• How? Developed
• Examples
EnvE EnvironmentalEngineering

Environmental Index

Types of index

1. Increasing scale: increasing value as the

pollution level increases
2. Decreasing scale: decreasing value as the
pollution level increases
 Role of Index
• Numerically summarizes the information from
multiple parameters into a single value (e.g. WQ)
• The single value can be used to compare data from
several sites
• It can be used to look at trends over time on a
single site
EnvE EnvironmentalEngineering

Environmental Index

• WHY? Index
• Monitoring of Environmental Quality:
• Measuring and improvement
• Setting priority
• Better or worse environmental problem
• Resource allocation
• Ranking
• Trend analysis
• Important for communication/informing the status
• Evaluation for implementation of standard (achievement status)
Tahapan pembuatan indeks
 Environmental Indices
(Manajemen TL)

Structure of Environmental
C O N T E N T S

Indices
Two general forms: increasing &
decreasing index
Mathematical structure
A Two-step Calculation
Sub-Index calculation
Agregation
 AGREGASI SUB-INDEKS:
1. Summation
2. Multiplication
3. Maximization, sub-indeks maksimum yang dipakai

Environmental Measurement

Variable Polutan: X1 Variable Polutan: X2 Variable Polutan: Xn

Subindex 1 Subindex 2 I2 = Subindex n

I1 = f(X1) f(X2) In = f(Xn)

AGGREGATION:
I = g(I1,I2,…In)

INDEX I
 Environmental Indices
(Manajemen TL)

Sub-Index
C O N T E N T S

- Linear Function:
Increasing & Decreasing, Segmented
- Non-linear Function:
Exponential, Segmented
- Step-by-step Function
 IndexFlowchart & Structure

• Ii = fi(Xi)
• I = g(I1,I2,…,In)
 SubIndexFunctions
• Linear Function (simple)
• I = αX
 SubIndexFunctions
• Linear Function (simple)
I = αX + β
I = 100/Xs . X + 100
 SubIndexFunctions
• Linear Function (simple)
I = αX + β
I = 125 X + 75
 SubIndexFunctions
• Segmented Linear Function
 SubIndexFunctions
• Segmented Linear Function
I = αX + β
I = 125 X + 75
 SubIndexFunctions
• NonLinear Function (Implicit) - pH
 SubIndexFunctions
• NonLinear Function (Explicit)
• I = X2
 SubIndexFunctions
• NonLinear Function (Explicit)
• I = -b/a2 (X-a)2 + b
 SubIndexFunctions
• NonLinear Function (Explicit)
• I = Xc
 SubIndexFunctions
• NonLinear Exponential Function
• I = CX
• I = aebX

• I = 100e-0.16X
 SubIndexFunctions
• Segmented NonLinear Function – pH
 Function Curves
Linear (Increasing) Linear (Decreasing)
C O N T E N T S

Segment- Non-linear
ed Linear (Implicit)

Non-linear Non-linear
(Explicit) (Exponential)

Non-linear (Segmented) Step-by-step Function

 AGREGASI SUB-INDEKS:
1. Summation
2. Multiplication
3. Maximization, sub-indeks maksimum yang dipakai

Environmental Measurement

Variable Polutan: X1 Variable Polutan: X2 Variable Polutan: Xn

Subindex 1 Subindex 2 I2 = Subindex n

I1 = f(X1) f(X2) In = f(Xn)

AGGREGATION:
I = g(I1,I2,…In)

INDEX I
 Environmental Indices
(Manajemen TL)

1. Penjumlahan tanpa
pembobotan
C O N T E N T S

2. Penjumlahan dengan
pembobotan
3. Root-Sum-Power
4. Root-Mean-Square
5. Operator Maksimum
6. Perkalian dengan
Pembobotan
7. Operator Minimum
 Environmental Indices
(Manajemen TL)

1. Penjumlahan tanpa pembobotan

C O N T E N T S

2. Penjumlahan dengan pembobotan

3. Root-Sum-Power
4. Root-Mean-Square
5. Operator Maksimum
6. Perkalian dengan Pembobotan
dimana atau
dimana
7. Operator Minimum
 Environmental Indices
(Manajemen TL)

1. Penjumlahan tanpa
pembobotan
C O N T E N T S

5, 95 ?
20, 80 ?
99,1 ?

The linear sum exaggerates

the severity of the air
pollution problem
 Aggregation
• Unweighted additive

• I1 + I2 = 100
 Environmental Indices
(Manajemen TL)

1. Penjumlahan tanpa
pembobotan
C O N T E N T S
 Aggregation
• Weighted additive 50, 110 ?

• I = w1I1 + w2I2
where w1 + w2=1

• 100 = 0.5I1 + 0.5I2

 Environmental Indices
(Manajemen TL)

2. Penjumlahan dengan
pembobotan
C O N T E N T S
 Unweighted & Weighted…
• Unweighted linear sum exhibits AMBIGUITY
• tends to exaggerate pollution
• Weighted linear sum exhibits eclipsing
• tends to underestimate pollution
• Linear additive forms
have some problems/limitations
unsuitable for representing dichotomous subindices
 Environmental Indices
(Manajemen TL)

3. Root-Sum-
Power
C O N T E N T S
 Aggregation
• Root-sum-power
 Aggregation
• Root-sum-power
 Environmental Indices
(Manajemen TL)

4. Root-Mean-Square
C O N T E N T S
 Aggregation
• Root-mean-square
 Environmental Indices
(Manajemen TL)

5. Operator Maksimum
C O N T E N T S
 Aggregation
• Maximum Operator

I1 = 98 I1 =0

I2 = 110 I2 = 110

I3 = 80 I3 =5

I4 = 90 I4 =0

IA? IB?
 Environmental Indices
(Manajemen TL)

6. Perkalian dengan Pembobotan

C O N T E N T S
 Aggregation
• Multiplicative
 Environmental Indices
(Manajemen TL)

7. Operator Minimum
C O N T E N T S
 Aggregation
• Minimum Operator
EnvE EnvironmentalEngineering

Analisis
Detail
Pertanyaan yang harus dijawab:

Increasing or decreasing scale?

What components/What sub-index?
Which mathematical function is applied?
Describe an example calculating this index