1.

Mass percent
- Remember lang na dapat nakasame unit bago mo sila idivide tas itimes sa 100, kunwari
grams/grams or kg/kg, tas
- Formula niya is yun nga MASS OF SOLUTE/MASS OF SOLVENT
- Which means
Mass of solute/mass of solute+solvent x 100

2. Volume percent
Same sa mass pero, volume ginamit
Same notes
Ditto pala papasok yung proof number, ptroof number is volume percent times 2
Tas vol of solute/vol of solute+solvent x 100

3. Mass/vol percent
Same lang
Mass of solute/vol of solute+solvent x 100
 Yung tricky minsan binibigay yung density, so manipulate this formula na lang
density = mass/volume

ppm and ppb

- Ditto first is kukunin mom una mass percent or pecent by mass, or volume percent tas times mo
sa 10 raise to 6 if ppm or ten raise to 9 if ppb

-
- Oh either pala, basta point is di mosiya titimes sa 100, instead sa 10 raise to six or nine

Mole frac

- Here remember lang na mass lagi ibibigay, mas ng substance so need mo siya iconvert into
moles and mole formula is
- Mole = mass/molecular weight
- Then after that to get mole frac, gagawin mo is

Here ginawa ko cinonvert ko sa mole yung given mass, by the formula tas ioover mo siya sa total
moles and total moles is makukuha trhu adding moles of solvent and solute, iobeerve mon a lang
carefully yung ginawa ko sa problem

Tas shortcut sa mole frac ng solvent is minus mo siya sa mole frac ng massolve mong mole frac ng
solute

Like what I did sa dun

Molarity

- So molarity is M=moles/liters of solution

Molality

- So molality ay parang molarity but over KG OF SOLVENT ha

More more convert, solvent diyan is yung water since need siya in KG convert mo

Kadalsan binibgay ditto, lagging mass walang direct

Kaya always convert sa moles

NORMALITY

- So etoeme lang to, titimes mol ang yung M which is molarity sa NMBER OF ACID OR BASE SA
SOLUTION

-
- So ditto, one lang yung tinmes ko kasi abse sa problem, NAOH hginamit, since it has 1 OH ion,
times one lang

DILUTION

Eto sobrang basic neto, c1v1=c2v2 basic lang legit