Factors Influencing Career Choice

Institute of Business Management

Methods in Business Research
Final report

Submitted to: Ma’am Saadiyed Said

Submitted By:
Ifrah Arif- 23020
Syeda Alina Tayyab- 22163
Shiveeta kumari-21364
Anand Kumar- 20757
Muhammad Ahmed-20479

1
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
RESEARCH PROPOSAL............................................................................................................................3
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.........................................................................................................................10
INTRODUCTION:..................................................................................................................................11
PROBLEM STATEMENT:.......................................................................................................................11
RESEARCH OBJECTIVES:.......................................................................................................................11
Purpose of Study:................................................................................................................................11
LITERATURE REVIEW:...........................................................................................................................12
THEORITICAL FRAMEWORK:................................................................................................................14
HYPOTHESIS:........................................................................................................................................15
RESEARCH DESIGN:..............................................................................................................................16
TIME FRAME:.......................................................................................................................................16
DATA ANALYSIS:..................................................................................................................................16
FINDINGS:............................................................................................................................................16
RESULT OF THE DATA:.........................................................................................................................23
CONCLUSION AND LIMITATIONS:........................................................................................................23
RECOMMEDATIONS:............................................................................................................................24
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT.........................................................................................................................25
REFERENCES:.......................................................................................................................................26
APPENDIX............................................................................................................................................27

2
 Research Proposal

Executive Summary

Choosing the right career for students stepping into the professional education is critical because
it can affect their professional life, future success and achievements. It serves as a predictor and
determinant of their future level of income, the nature of work, and leaves a mark on the
personality and outlook of an individual. A wrong career choice can be very frustrating for a
person, driving his energy away and lowering down his potential. Thus, career choice must be
based on proper knowledge, information and professional guideline. The time when a student
selects a career path is a turning point. This decision should not be made solely on the basis of
intuition or imaginations.

The stage when students are promoted from secondary to higher level education, when they have
to choose the university and education line for their future, is the most critical stage of a
student’s life. Choosing a specialization becomes the building blocks of achievement for future
years. Therefore, one must know what factors to look upon before choosing a career path.
Numerous variables influences student’s career choice and recognizing and making the best use
of it will not just benefit the students but it will also be fruitful for the industry.

This research is primarily conducted to identify the various factors that can affect student’s
career selection and analyze which factor is the most influential amongst all others.

Scope of the Study

This study is focused on students enrolled in the business discipline, which includes the BBA
and BS program. They are in their 3 rd year of professional education and choosing their major
courses, for example, marketing, banking and finance, human resource management, supply
chain management and management information system. The sample size of this study is as
extensive as 150 students who are in Business Schools (universities) across Pakistan.

Objective of the study

The objective of this research study is to investigate the factors that can influence the students of
business discipline in making career decisions since it plays an important role for their future
success in professional life.
The research is focused on the following areas:
 To find out the effect of interpersonal influences on career choice
 To find out the effect of Financial outcomes on career choice
 To find out the effect of Future job opportunities on career choice
 To find out the effect of personal interest on career choice

3
Statement of Problem

Wrong career selection decisions can have lasting impacts on a person’s life. There are certain
factors that influence our career choice and they must be looked upon before making a final
decision that could affect our future. One must identify these factors, closely analyze and
prioritize them.

Significance of Study

This research can serve as an important guide for the students selecting their career. It will help
them identify the factors that can affect their career decisions and also make sure they choose the
right career path. The study will also analyze factors which are most influential for career
selection so that students can focus more towards them, to be confident enough regarding the
education line they would choose. The study results would also be helpful for students,
counselors, parents and universities, in developing the career counseling and guidance programs
for students to make sure they make the right career choice.

Literature Review

Career choice is an essential element of individuals’ life. Many studies have been conducted to
see the major effect on career choice business discipline students. Our review of the literature
focuses on students pursuing 4 years bachelor’s degree. One of the quantitative researches was
conducted by Aftab Ahmed (Govt. college university, Faisalabad), He gave great importance and
considered Five variables in his research-interest in the subject, ease of subject, interpersonal
influences, financial outcomes and future job opportunities.
Another research conducted by Kazi Afaq Ahmed, Nimra Sharif and Nawaz Ahmad with the
purpose to investigate the factors that influence career choice. The structured questionnaire was
distributed among MBA/BBA students enrolled in different universities of Karachi. Data were
collected from 120 participants and analysed using SPSS. Financial outcomes, ease of subject
and future job opportunities were observed to have minor impact. The interest in the subject is
also found to be related and has some linkage with personality type. Mismatch of the personality
and lack of interest in the subject is dangerous, and could end up into disastrous results in terms
of student dissatisfaction, de-motivation, lack of productivity leading to increased dropouts and
career failure. The study results are indicative of the importance of students counseling sessions
and other interventions to provide them with updated knowledge, and information to create their
interest in the right choices and available options. The career choice of the students is also
influenced by the level of their social class, financial resources, affordability and future
employability.

4
Melissa Venable in her article concluded that there is not only one factor in career development;
we have to look from multiple perspectives as no one theory explains everything. Some of the
factors are; childhood fantasies (formed up to age 14), culture, interest, gender, life roles,
personality type, skills and abilities, previous experiences, social and economic conditions.
Eremie MD(2015) in her study investigated factors influencing career choices among Senior
Secondary School Students in Rivers State, Nigeria. The “Comprehensive Career Choice
Survey” (CCCS) was administered to the respondents to collect necessary data. The findings
revealed that there were significant differences among male and female secondary school
students in their career choices in terms of: Prestige of a profession, gender parity, and parental
influence. Based on the findings some recommendations were made: (1) Professional career
counselors should be consulted to assist students in planning and choosing their careers. (2)
Professional career counselors should include the students in the selecting process, considering
interest, ability, skills and personality of the students.
Kisto Medha(2018) conducted a research with the purpose to determine factors influencing
career choice among students of the fourth year of secondary education (also known as Grade
10) in Mauritius. Based on primary data which were sourced through survey among 400 students
across the Island in 2016, both qualitative and quantitative analysis was done. There was
evidence of parent’s influences on children’s career choice. Most of students considered their
academic performance and spent 1 to 3 months to decide what to study. The results highlighted
that students are happy with their present subject combination which is providing them with the
necessary skills and training that they will need in the future to achieve their career goals. The
findings also showed that many schools do not provide career guidance services. The key
findings of the factor analysis showed that factors affecting student’s career choice can be
grouped under three categories. The first group encompasses environment factors, followed by
personality factors and lastly opportunity factors. Thus, from the findings, some
recommendations were made to enable students to make informed decisions.
Irfan Raza (June 2016) in his study reported various factors that play an important role in
affecting student’s career selection decisions. They pointed out that current trends of certain
emerging fields motivate students to change their education line and select a career that is
entirely different from what they opted for in their secondary education. Furthermore, family and
peers also influence students to choose a particular career. They are often impressed by their
immediate or external family members pursuing a career successfully so they want to opt for the
same career options, while some students prefer choosing education line based on their friend’s
decisions because they want to be with them. Often the academic advisors are a strong link
between the student’s academic career and the level of satisfaction with his career choice. The
research also pointed out that most of the students made their career decisions based on their own
interest and knowledge regarding the education line.

5
Jeofrey Mtemeri (2017) reported that among the factors affecting student’s career selection
decision parental influence can play an important role. Most of the students were viewed as
coming to university with predetermined career which was a result of the intermediate
environment and their parent’s help in the career decision. Some students reported school
influence as a major factor, which consist of the career guidance and other school activities that
made it easier for them to select the relevant field. It also emerged from the study that gender had
no significant influence on career choice; however peer influence does play a significant part.

Asma Shahid Kazi, Abeeda Akhlaq (Journal of Research and Reflections in Education December
2017, Vol., No.2, pp 187-196) investigated the influence of several factors such as parental
education, profession and income on the career decisions of 432 students from two public
sector universities in Lahore city. The influence of peers on the respondents’ choice of subject
specialization was also investigated along with any impressions taken from the media. It also
examined whether students at the MS level opt for their chosen fields forcefully, make
compromises, or make decisions which are independent and without external pressures. The
results showed parental influence as most significant factor, followed by influence from peers,
gender, print media, financial reasons, interest and others.
It also reveals that the youth is impressionable and gets attracted by media when it comes to
career choice. Teachers also play a role in career choice by motivating and inspiring students.
The work environment is also a factor that attracts students towards a career. The study shows
that students from these institutions were not influenced by the parents’ profession, or
pressurized by them. It also reveals that girls are more inclined towards their peers, and their
choices are dependent on them.

6
Theoretical Framework

The review of the literature and focus group discussion identified numerous factors that affect
career choice. This includes; financial outcomes, interest in the subject, future job opportunities,
ease of subject, current trends, parental influence, peer influence, interpersonal influence,
professional advising and financial constraints.

The conceptual framework describes the main factors that are used to study the relationship of
the variables on the career choice.

Financial Outcomes

Interpersonal Influence
Career Choice

Interest in Subject

Future Job Opportunities

Figure 1: Theoretical Framework- Factors influencing career choices

The theoretical framework mentions both the dependent and independent variables. The
dependent variable is the ‘Choice of Career’ and the independent variables are ‘Financial
Outcomes, Interpersonal Influence, Interest in Subject and Future Job Opportunities’

These independent variables may affect the career choice. These variables and their relations can
be analyzed by the hypothesis developed for this model.

7
Hypothesis

1- H0: There is no effect of Interest in the subject on Choice of career

H1: There is an effect of Interest in the subject on Choice of career

2- H0: There is no effect of Financial outcomes on Choice of career

H1: There is an effect of Financial outcomes on Choice of career

3- H0: There is no effect of Interpersonal influence on Choice of career

H1: There is an effect of Interpersonal influence on Choice of career

4- H0: There is no effect of Future job opportunities on Choice of career

H1: There is an effect of Future job opportunities on Choice of career

Research Methodology

Sample
This will be a quantitative study. The data will be obtained from third and final year students of
business discipline. Sample of the study will be taken from three universities- IOBM, IBA and
Iqra University. Total 150 questionnaire (Online and printed) will be floated to the respondents.
The convenient sampling technique will be used for confirmation of satisfactory demonstration.
The respondents will be divided into two main clusters in context to their age group (A) 20-22
(B) 23-25.

Measurements
The questions are made to check the relationship of hypothesized variable (Independent) with
dependent variable career choice. The five-point Likert scale will be used form 1= strongly
agreed to 5= strongly disagreed.

Data analysis
We will be conducting our research through questionnaire (quantitative). It will be floated in two
forms- Printed and online. We will deduce averages out of the data for our further analysis which
will be supported by multiple regression analysis. The data will be represented in the form of
histograms and pie charts. We will compare our results to see which factor is the most influential
in career selection decisions. 4 variables are to be studied in this research. This includes
Interpersonal influences, financial outcomes, Future Job opportunities and Interest in the subject.

Nature and form of results

The nature of results will be quantitative that can help with the generalization of our
interpretation of the findings.

8
Budget
Mostly our cost will be associated to logistics and our service fee. So it will be accumulated to
RS 10,000.

Schedule:
We will be completing our research and submitting it on 30th April 2019.

Project management:
Ifrah Arif:
- Executive Summary/Introduction
- Problem statement
- Research objective
- Theoretical Framework
Syeda Alina Tayyab:
- Research design
- Data analysis
Shiveeta:
- Desk Research (2 researches per member)
- Importance of Study
Anand Kumar:
- Nature and forms of result
- Qualification of Researchers
Muhammad Ahmed:
- Budget Allocation
- Schedule decision
- Project Management
- Bibliography
- Logistics work

Qualification of the researchers

The researchers are the students at IoBM who are pursuing the following degrees:
- Muhammad Ahmed (BS- Accounting and finance)
- Anand kumar (BBA-finance)
- Shiveeta kumari (BBA-finance)
- Ifrah Arif (BBA-Honors)
- Syeda Alina Tayyab (BBA-Honors)

9
 Executive Summary

This research is primarily conducted to identify the various factors that can affect student’s
career selection and analyze which factor is the most influential amongst all others. Our research
objectives are following:
 To find out the effect of interpersonal influences on career choice
 To find out the effect of Financial outcomes on career choice
 To find out the effect of Future job opportunities on career choice
 To find out the effect of personal interest on career choice

The report starts with the introduction that includes problem and research objectives, than there
is a theoretical framework drawn that shows that shows variables and impact of those variables.
Four hypotheses have been formulated that we had tested in our research. The data required for
research gathered through questionnaire, there were 151 respondents who were university
students. The testing method used to find impact was “Multiple Regression” and “Correlation”
analysis.
Our research concluded that only one hypotheses was accepted that means only one variable has
no impact on career choice of student that is “Interpersonal Influence”, other three hypothesis
were rejected.

10
 Introduction
Choosing the right career for students stepping into the professional education is critical because
it can affect their professional life, future success and achievements. It serves as a predictor and
determinant of their future level of income, the nature of work, and leaves a mark on the
personality and outlook of an individual. A wrong career choice can be very frustrating for a
person, driving his energy away and lowering down his potential. Thus, career choice must be
based on proper knowledge, information and professional guideline. The time when a student
selects a career path is a turning point. This decision should not be made solely on the basis of
intuition or imaginations.

The stage when students are promoted from secondary to higher level education, when they have
to choose the university and education line for their future, is the most critical stage of a
student’s life. Choosing a specialization becomes the building blocks of achievement for future
years. Therefore, one must know what factors to look upon before choosing a career path.
Numerous variables influences student’s career choice and recognizing and making the best use
of it will not just benefit the students but it will also be fruitful for the industry.

Statement of Problem
Wrong career selection decisions can have lasting impacts on a person’s life. There are certain
factors that influence our career choice and they must be looked upon before making a final
decision that could affect our future. One must identify these factors, closely analyze and
prioritize them.

Research Objectives
The objective of this research study is to investigate the factors that can influence the students of
business discipline in making career decisions since it plays an important role for their future
success in professional life.

The research is focused on the following areas:

 To find out the effect of interpersonal influences on career choice
 To find out the effect of Financial outcomes on career choice
 To find out the effect of Future job opportunities on career choice
 To find out the effect of personal interest on career choice

Purpose and Scope of the Study

This research is conducted because it can serve as an important guide for the students selecting
their career. It will help them identify the factors that can affect their career decisions and also
make sure they choose the right career path. The study will also analyze factors which are most

11
influential for career selection so that students can focus more towards them, to be confident
enough regarding the education line they would choose. The study results would also be helpful
for students, counselors, parents and universities, in developing the career counseling and
guidance programs for students to make sure they make the right career choice.

This study is focused on students enrolled in the business discipline, which includes the BBA
and BS programs. The sample includes students who are in their professional education and
choosing their major courses, for example, marketing, banking and finance, human resource
management, supply chain management and management information system. The sample size
of this study is as extensive as 150 students who are in Business Schools (universities) across
Pakistan. To conduct this research we distributed online questionnaires to 150 students and
analyzed the results through ‘SPSS’-Statistical package for social sciences.

Literature review
Career choice is an essential element of individuals’ life. Many studies have been conducted to see the
major effect on career choice business discipline students. Our review of the literature focuses on
students pursuing 4 years bachelor’s degree. One of the quantitative researches was conducted by Aftab
Ahmed (Govt. college university, Faisalabad), He gave great importance and considered Five variables in
his research-interest in the subject, ease of subject, interpersonal influences, financial outcomes and
future job opportunities.

Another research conducted by Kazi Afaq Ahmed, Nimra Sharif and Nawaz Ahmad with the purpose to
investigate the factors that influence career choice. The structured questionnaire was distributed among
MBA/BBA students enrolled in different universities of Karachi. Data were collected from 120
participants and analysed using SPSS. Financial outcomes, ease of subject and future job opportunities
were observed to have minor impact. The interest in the subject is also found to be related and has
some linkage with personality type. Mismatch of the personality and lack of interest in the subject is
dangerous, and could end up into disastrous results in terms of student dissatisfaction, de-motivation,
lack of productivity leading to increased dropouts and career failure. The study results are indicative of
the importance of students counseling sessions and other interventions to provide them with updated
knowledge, and information to create their interest in the right choices and available options. The
career choice of the students is also influenced by the level of their social class, financial resources,
affordability and future employability.

Melissa Venable in her article concluded that there is not only one factor in career development; we
have to look from multiple perspectives as no one theory explains everything. Some of the factors are;
childhood fantasies (formed up to age 14), culture, interest, gender, life roles, personality type, skills and
abilities, previous experiences, social and economic conditions.

12
Eremie MD(2015) in her study investigated factors influencing career choices among Senior Secondary
School Students in Rivers State, Nigeria. The “Comprehensive Career Choice Survey” (CCCS) was
administered to the respondents to collect necessary data. The findings revealed that there were
significant differences among male and female secondary school students in their career choices in
terms of: Prestige of a profession, gender parity, and parental influence. Based on the findings some
recommendations were made: (1) Professional career counselors should be consulted to assist students
in planning and choosing their careers. (2) Professional career counselors should include the students in
the selecting process, considering interest, ability, skills and personality of the students.

Kisto Medha(2018) conducted a research with the purpose to determine factors influencing career
choice among students of the fourth year of secondary education (also known as Grade 10) in Mauritius.
Based on primary data which were sourced through survey among 400 students across the Island in
2016, both qualitative and quantitative analysis was done. There was evidence of parent’s influences on
children’s career choice. Most of students considered their academic performance and spent 1 to 3
months to decide what to study. The results highlighted that students are happy with their present
subject combination which is providing them with the necessary skills and training that they will need in
the future to achieve their career goals. The findings also showed that many schools do not provide
career guidance services. The key findings of the factor analysis showed that factors affecting student’s
career choice can be grouped under three categories. The first group encompasses environment factors,
followed by personality factors and lastly opportunity factors. Thus, from the findings, some
recommendations were made to enable students to make informed decisions.

Irfan Raza (June 2016) in his study reported various factors that play an important role in affecting
student’s career selection decisions. They pointed out that current trends of certain emerging fields
motivate students to change their education line and select a career that is entirely different from what
they opted for in their secondary education. Furthermore, family and peers also influence students to
choose a particular career. They are often impressed by their immediate or external family members
pursuing a career successfully so they want to opt for the same career options, while some students
prefer choosing education line based on their friend’s decisions because they want to be with them.
Often the academic advisors are a strong link between the student’s academic career and the level of
satisfaction with his career choice. The research also pointed out that most of the students made their
career decisions based on their own interest and knowledge regarding the education line.

Jeofrey Mtemeri (2017) reported that among the factors affecting student’s career selection decision
parental influence can play an important role. Most of the students were viewed as coming to university
with predetermined career which was a result of the intermediate environment and their parent’s help
in the career decision. Some students reported school influence as a major factor, which consist of the
career guidance and other school activities that made it easier for them to select the relevant field. It
also emerged from the study that gender had no significant influence on career choice; however peer
influence does play a significant part.

Asma Shahid Kazi, Abeeda Akhlaq (Journal of Research and Reflections in Education December 2017,
Vol., No.2, pp 187-196) investigated the influence of several factors such as parental education,
profession and income on the career decisions of 432 students from two public sector universities in
Lahore city. The influence of peers on the respondents’ choice of subject specialization was also
investigated along with any impressions taken from the media. It also examined whether students at the

13
MS level opt for their chosen fields forcefully, make compromises, or make decisions which are
independent and without external pressures. The results showed parental influence as most significant
factor, followed by influence from peers, gender, print media, financial reasons, interest and others.

It also reveals that the youth is impressionable and gets attracted by media when it comes to career
choice. Teachers also play a role in career choice by motivating and inspiring students. The work
environment is also a factor that attracts students towards a career. The study shows that students from
these institutions were not influenced by the parents’ profession, or pressurized by them. It also reveals
that girls are more inclined towards their peers, and their choices are dependent on them.

Qualitative research
The review of the literature and focus group discussion identified numerous factors that affect career
choice. This includes; financial outcomes, interest in the subject, future job opportunities, ease of
subject, current trends, parental influence, peer influence, interpersonal influence, professional advising
and financial constraints.

Theoretical framework
The review of the literature and focus group discussion identified numerous factors that affect career
choice. This includes; financial outcomes, interest in the subject, future job opportunities, ease of
subject, current trends, parental influence, peer influence, interpersonal influence, professional advising
and financial constraints.

The conceptual framework describes the main factors that are used to study the relationship of the
variables on the career choice.

Financial Outcomes

Interpersonal Influence
Career Choice

Interest in Subject

14
 Future Job Opportunities

Figure 1: Theoretical Framework- Factors influencing career choices

The theoretical framework mentions both the dependent and independent variables. The dependent
variable is the ‘Choice of Career’ and the independent variables are ‘Financial Outcomes, Interpersonal
Influence, Interest in Subject and Future Job Opportunities’

These independent variables may affect the career choice. These variables and their relations can be
analyzed by the hypothesis developed for this model.

Hypothesis formulated

1- H0: There is no effect of Interest in the subject on Choice of career

H1: There is an effect of Interest in the subject on Choice of career

2- H0: There is no effect of Financial outcomes on Choice of career

H1: There is an effect of Financial outcomes on Choice of career

3- H0: There is no effect of Interpersonal influence on Choice of career

H1: There is an effect of Interpersonal influence on Choice of career

4- H0: There is no effect of Future job opportunities on Choice of career

H1: There is an effect of Future job opportunities on Choice of career

15
RESEARCH DESIGN:

Nature of the study: It is a questionnaire survey study based on online communication method between
the researchers and the respondents.

Unit of Analysis: university students.

Sampling design: We used convenient sampling technique. We had a sample size of 150. Our unit of
analysis was the university students. We used internet surveys to collect data. It helped us to rapidly
reach a large sample. Speed of data collection was fast. Survey was kept open long enough so that all
sample units can participate.

TIME FRAME:
WEEKS DATE WORK
Week 1 7/03/19 Presented the research proposal.
Week 2 20/03/19 Started collecting data.
Week 3 25/03/19 Data collection reached to 100 respondents.
Week 4 30/03/19 Data collection reached to 150 respondents.
Week 5 02/04/19 Stopped collecting data and started analysing it
Week 6 09/04/19 Started writing the report.
Week 7 16/04/19 Presentation of the report and findings

DATA ANALYSIS:

We conducted our research through questionnaires. It was an online survey. The data obtained
from 150 questionnaires was entered into spss and multiple regression was run to identify whether
the independent variables influence the dependent variable. By comparing our results we identify
which factor is the most influential in career selection decisions. 4 variables are to be studied in
this research. This includes Interpersonal influences, financial outcomes, Future Job
opportunities and Interest in the subject.

Findings of Research
1. Age GROUP

16
Our research study included the age groups from 17-19, 20-22 and 23 -25. Out of which
maximum responses are from 20-22 age group.

2. Gender

In our analysis, female respondents were 58.3% and male respondents were 41.7%

3. Area of Specialization

17
In the area of specialization, 39.1% respondents belong to banking and finance, 23.2% belongs
to marketing, 12.6% belongs to human resource management and the remaining 25.1% are
from other fields.

 Most of respondents disagree with the opinion that they chose their career because
their friends chose it so this proves that friends’ choice doesn’t influence career.
 Families also don’t force students for career choice as most of the respondents
disagree with this opinion.
 Most of the people are influenced by those who are successful in the same field.

18
 Most of the respondents chose their respective field because of financial outcomes,
job security and future benefits associated with their job.
 They believe that by choosing this field that can get their investment back that they
made for their studies. So financial outcomes influences career choice.

19
  Most of the respondents agree with the opinion that they chose their career
because of more jobs available for their respective fields, and they think that they
can find better future opportunities in future.

Most people choose their career based on their personal interest in their particular field. They
go for the field that best suits their skills set and personality. So their responses suggests that
the career choice is influenced by the interest of the person.

20
Statistical methods
Suitable statistical tools were used for data investigation:

1. Pearson Correlation: the test of determining the relation between the variable is Pearson
correlation, as it checks the interdependency of the variables deliberated in the model.
2. Multiple Regression Analysis: The test to measure the effect of Independent variables on
dependent variable and the consequences of the model the multiple regression is applied, as
there are more than one independent variable present in the research and one dependent
variable.

CC Int II Fo Jo

Pearson Correlation 1 -.030 .498** .001 -.042

CC Sig. (2-tailed) .762 .000 .996 .674

N 151 151 151 151 151

Pearson Correlation -.030 1 -.051 .078 .032

Int Sig. (2-tailed) .762 .613 .433 .753

N 151 151 151 151 151

Pearson Correlation .498** -.051 1 -.018 -.086

II Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .613 .855 .391

N 151 151 151 151 151

Pearson Correlation .001 .078 -.018 1 .067

Fo Sig. (2-tailed) .996 .433 .855 .504

N 151 151 151 151 151

Pearson Correlation -.042 .032 -.086 .067 1

Jo Sig. (2-tailed) .674 .753 .391 .504

N 151 151 151 151 151

**.Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).

21
Multiple Regression Analysis:

Model Summary

Model R R Square Adjusted R Std. Error of the

Square Estimate
1 .506a .256 .217 .84585
a. Predictors: (Constant), Jo, Int, II, Fo

ANOVAa
Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.

Regression 23.650 5 4.730 6.611 .000b

1 Residual 68.685 96 .715
Total 92.336 101

a. Dependent Variable: CC
b. Predictors: (Constant), Jo, Int, II, Fo,

Coefficientsa

Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized t Sig.

Coefficients
B Std. Error Beta

(Constant) 2.201 1.068 2.061 .042

Int .005 .174 .002 .028 .003
II .418 .074 .497 5.624 .456
Fo .018 .140 .012 .132 .004
Jo -.016 .134 -.011 -.119 .012

a. Dependent Variable: CC

22
Results:
The Pearson Correlations matrix showed that Career Choice is negatively correlated with Interest in the
Subject and Future job opportunities. It is correlated with financial outcomes and significantly correlated
with Interpersonal Influences.

Discussion and Implementation:

This study is important for student’s career. Choice of Career is one of many significant choices that
students will mark in defining upcoming ideas. The objective of this study was to extent the relationship
among Choice of career between Business students and its manipulating factors.

Hypothesis 1:
Null Hypothesis is rejected as there is an effect of Interest in subject on Career Choice

Hypothesis 2:
Null Hypothesis is rejected as there is an effect of financial outcomes on Career Choice

Hypothesis 3:
Null Hypothesis is retained as there is no effect of Interpersonal Influence on Career choice. 

Hypothesis 4:
Null Hypothesis is rejected as there is an effect of Job opportunities on Career Choice

Conclusion:
Making effective career choice decision is important in many aspects, as it leads to ensure both
individual career development and organizational goal achievement. The paper attempted to identify
the significant factor that influence on career choice decision among management students in Karachi
universities. The study concludes “Job Opportunities”, “Interest in the subject” and “Financial
outcomes” to some extent, are the most influential factors. Further, study revealed that FINANCE is the
most popular area of specialization among Management students. Through gaining insight about how
undergraduates make the career decision several institutions like career counseling firms and individual
career counselors would be benefitted in term of effectively planning career guidance program for those
interested parties. Further, these institutions would be able to guide those students towards more
realistic career choice rather than end up with career indecision.

Limitations:
This study presented in educational institutes consequently the numerous numbers of
respondents is non-serious who even didn’t bother to read the Questionnaire carefully. Although
the students did not respond well to the questionnaire but still we had 150 responses but our
target 300 responses. We used a self-constructed Questionnaire whose Reliability was doubtful.
The present study is limited in scope of time span and sample size. Particularly study focus only
on management undergraduate in 3 local universities. Thus, the findings of the study have
limited Generalizability.

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Recommendations:
The above literature analysis the need for further research, the results of which will agree to us
to better comprehend the decision criteria and procedure cast-off by students to choose their
area of specialization and as such, support Professional instructors expand the instructing
procedure and let more up-to-date decisions by students. These research prospects might be
helpfully be grouped as follows: enlarge preceding studies to look more closely at the
reputation of student demographics (including gender) and study program features; vary the
procedure and time frame used to study the problem; find new recommendations/implications
from prevailing Studies; and, incorporate models from other corrections, such as medical or
consciousness.

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We would like to thank our teacher, Ma’am Saadiyeh Said for her help and
support which she has provided us and the inspiration to precede with this
venture she had envisioned and assisted us in every facet of our endeavour,
without her help and guidance we would not have been able to complete this
report.
In the end a special thanks to all the group members whose coordination,
cooperation and efforts resulted in the success and completion of the report.

THANKYOU

25
 Bibliography:
- Irfan Raza and Kazmi (June 2016) Journal of Education and Educational Development
Vol.3
- Tanuja Agarwala , (2008) "Factors influencing career choice of management students
in India", Career Development International, Vol. 13 Issue: 4, pp.362-376
- Jeofrey Mtemeri (2017) University of South Africa. Supervisor: Professor Regis
Chireshe
- https://osumarion.osu.edu/assets/marion/uploads/What_Factors_Influence_a_Career_Cho
ice.pdf (by melissa venable)
- Eremie MD(2015) Comparative Analysis of Factors Influencing Career Choices among
Senior Secondary School Students in Rivers State, Nigeria. Arab J Bus Manage Rev 5: 1.
- Kisto Medha(2018) Factors Influencing Career Choice of Fourth Year of Secondary
Education in Mauratius Vol. 7 NO. 2
- Kazi Afaq Ahmed, Nimra Sharif and Nawaz Ahmad- Journal of Southeast Asian
Research Article ID 718849, 15 pages
- Roach, D. W., McGaughey, R. E., & Downey, J. P. (2011) SELECTING A BUSINESS
MAJOR 
WITHIN THE COLLEGE OF BUSINESS. Administrative Issues Journal. 2 (1).
- AlMiskry, A. S., Bakar, A., & Mohamed, O. (2009). Gender difference and career
interest among 
undergraduates: Implications for career choices. European Journal of Social Sciences,
26(3), 465-469.
- Aftab Ahmad (2010) Factors influencing choice of career of business students. Govt.
College university Faisalabad.
- Shumba, A. & Naong, M. (2012). Factors influencing students’ career and aspirations in
South Africa. Journal of Social Sciences, 33(2):169-178.

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 Appendices

Appendix A: Questionnaire for Factors influencing Career Choice

This questionnaire seeks to assess factors that influence the choice of careers among the students
of business discipline. The study is part of the course ‘Methods of Business Research’ at the
Institute of Business Management (IoBM) and should help career guidance
and counseling services provision in schools. You do not need to write your name as no
respondent will be traced or identified from this study whatsoever as confidentiality and
anonymity are guaranteed. There is no right or wrong answer. The researcher is only
interested in your own opinion. All data and information generated from this study will be
treated as strictly private and confidential. You are therefore kindly requested to complete the
questionnaire as honest as possible. Thank you for participating in this study.

Items Responses
Kindly indicate your response to each question by placing a tick in an
appropriate
box

Section A: Career choice of Management students

CC Strongly Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly

Agree Disagree
CC 1 I consider career choice as a
matter of life and death
CC 2 Career selection can have long-
lasting effects on my life
CC 3 I think a lot about my career
CC 4 I don’t care about my career

Section B: Interpersonal Influences on career choice

II Strongly Agree Neutra Disagre Strongly

Agree l e Disagree
II 1 Students in peer groups are likely
to choose similar careers

II 2 I chose this subject because my

27
 close friends did.
II 3 My family asked me to choose this
subject.

II 4 Parents can create interest of

certain careers in their children.

II 5 Parental values and beliefs

influence children on career choice.

II 6 Students are more likely to be

influenced by peers to choose
careers.

Section C: Influence of Financial outcomes on Career choice

FO Strongly Agree Neutra Disagree Strongly

Agree l Disagree
FO 1 I chose this field because it pays
more than other fields
FO 2 Future is more secure in this field.
FO 3 I can get my investment in studies back
by choosing this field.
FO 4 I make my career decision on the basis
of the pay package offered for the jobs
in this field

Section D: Influence of Future Job Opportunities on Career choice

JO Strongly Agree Neutra Disagre Strongly

Agree l e Disagree

JO 1 The demand for the field I opted for

is more than others in the market
JO 2 People in this fields can easily get
good jobs
JO 3 There is a scope for future growth in
this field

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JO 4 I made the decision based on the job
security associated with this field
Section E: Influence of Personal Interest in Career choice
INT Strongly Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly
Agree Disagree
INT 1 I have positive views about this
subject

INT 2 I have the required skills and

abilities or this subject

INT 3 The subject suits my personality

INT 4 I am capable of making my own

career choice

Gender:
Male Female

Age:
20-22
23-25

Your area of Specialization in BBA/MBA:

Marketing Banking & Finance  Human Resource Management Any other

…………………………Thank you…………………………….

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