The Japanese Occupation of the

Philippines
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Sensei TMalit
 Introduction
• Japan occupied the Philippines for over three
years, until the surrender of Japan. A highly
effective guerrilla campaign by Philippine
resistance forces controlled sixty percent of the
islands, mostly jungle and mountain areas.
MacArthur supplied them by submarine, and
sent reinforcements and officers. Filipinos
remained loyal to the United States, partly
because of the American guarantee of
independence, and also because the Japanese
had pressed large numbers of Filipinos into work
details and even put young Filipino women into
brothels.
 Hours after Pearl Harbor
• War came unexpectedly to the Philippines.
Japan opened a surprise attack on the
Philippines on December 8, 1941, when Japan
attacked without warning, just ten hours after the
attack on Pearl Harbor. Japanese troops
attacked the islands in many places and
launched a pincer drive on Manila. Aerial
bombardment was followed by landings of
ground troops in Luzon. The defending
Philippine and United States troops were under
the command of General Douglas MacArthur.
• . Under the pressure of superior numbers,
the defending forces (about 80,000 troops,
four fifths of them Filipinos) withdrew to
the Bataan Peninsula and to the island of
Corregidor at the entrance to Manila Bay
where they entrenched and tried to hold
until the arrival of reinforcements.
 Japanese Rules for Filipinos
(1941-1945)
1. Salute to the Japanese soldiers when you meet
them.
2. The Japanese flag should be displayed at
every house's door.
3. Everybody must put the sun-rise armband on
the left arm.
4. Everybody should have the certificate of
residence.
5. Wherever you see Japanese soldiers you must
welcome them and not escape from them. The
escaper will be considered as the enemy.
6. Unless you do not tell false prices you will be
paid reasonable.
7. You are absolutely prohibited to walk until the sun-set
until the sun-rise without carrying lamps. The walker
who has not lights will be shot by the Japanese
patrolling soldier without any warns.
8. Don't be fooled and bewildered by false propaganda
by Communists, bandits and Chinese
9. The incendiarism accidental fire and robbery will be
punished
10. The holding of arms is allowed by the army. But the
arms-holder must report to the mayor it and get
permission from
11. The jobless people can find one's jobs in Japanese
army and will be…
12. Be obedient to the orders of governor and mayor who
are authorized
 The Japanese Influence
• During the Japanese occupation of the
Philippines during World War II, the Japanese
influenced the government in the Philippines by
enforcing a strict curfew, adding Japanese
currency, instituting a military government and
reducing neighborhood government systems by
half. The occupation also cost the lives of over a
million people in the Philippines.
 The Lives of the Filipinos during the Occupation
• During the occupation of the Japanese in the
Philippines, they ran the Philippines with an iron
hand. They instilled fear declared martial law. They
imposed curfews, they ordered that anyone who
opposes them or even those who are just accused
of going against the Japanese were punished and
killed. Singing of the national anthem and raising of
the national flag was prohibited. Use of radios and
transmitters was also prohibited. Political parties,
elections, and public assemblies were put to a halt.
School, printing presses, telegraph, and radio
stations were closed down. Everything was
controlled by the Japanese.
 Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere
• It was an imperialist propaganda concept created
and promulgated for occupied Asian populations
during the first third of the Shōwa era by the
government and military of the Empire of Japan. It
extended greater than East Asia and promoted the
cultural and economic unity of Northeast Asians,
Southeast Asians, and Oceanians. It also declared
the intention to create a self-sufficient "bloc of Asian
nations led by the Japanese and free of Western
powers". It was announced in a radio address
entitled "The International Situation and Japan's
Position" by Foreign Minister Hachirō Arita on June
29, 1940.
 The Japanese Propaganda
• Japanese propaganda during World War II was
designed to assist the ruling government of Japan
during that time. Many of its elements were
continuous with pre-war elements of statism in
Shōwa Japan, including the principles of kokutai,
hakkō ichiu, and bushido. New forms of propaganda
were developed to persuade occupied countries of
the benefits of the Greater Asia Co-Prosperity
Sphere, to undermine American troops' morale, to
counteract claims of Japanese atrocities, and to
present the war to the Japanese people as
victorious. It started with the Second Sino-Japanese
War, which merged into World War II. It used a large
variety of media to send its messages.
The Japanese Propaganda
 The MAKAPILI
• Headed by the triumvirate of
former Revolutionary General
Artemio Ricarte, Pio Duran,
and former Sakdalista
Movement founder Benigno
Ramos, the MAKAPILI came
into existence after the
Japanese started to conscript
Filipinos to augment their
military forces. However, its
• Whenever a village or a town was
members became feared not
suspected of guerrilla activity, the
because of their fighting Japanese would round up the
prowess but because of their residents and then let the MAKAPILI
treacherous behavior which members—who covered their faces
included spying and selling out with bamboo baskets except for their
their own people. eyes—point out the suspected
guerrillas or their sympathizers. In
this way, many Filipinos, including
the innocent ones, were dragged off
by the Japanese to be tortured and
executed.
 The 2nd Philippine Republic
• On September 20 1943, the KALIBAPI- under
the leadership of its director general, Benigno
Aquino Sr. held a party convention to elect 54
members of the National Assembly. The
Assembly was actually made up of 108
members; but half of this number was composed
of incumbent governors and city mayors. Jose P.
Laurel was elected as president of the second
republic (the first republic was Aguinldo's
Malolos Republic) and both Benigno Aquino Sr.
& Ramon Avancena as a vice-presidents. The
new republic was inaugurated on October 14
1943 on the front steps of the legislative building
in Manila.
 The 2nd Philippine Republic
• The Philippine flag was hoisted as the national
anthem was played. Meanwhile, the Japanese
started using propaganda to gain the trust and
confidence of Filipinos who refused to cooperate
with them. They hung giant posters and
distribute their materials that contains such
slogans as "the Philippines belong to the
Filipinos." they also used newspapers, movies,
and others to publicize the same idea.
Promoting Japanese propaganda was one of the
main objectives of the KALIBAPI, but still
Japanese failed to gain the trust of the Filipinos.
 The 2nd Philippine Republic
• The new republic was inaugurated on October 14
1943 on the front steps of the legislative building in
Manila. The Philippine flag was hoisted as the
national anthem was played. Meanwhile, the
Japanese started using propaganda to gain the trust
and confidence of Filipinos who refused to
cooperate with them. They hung giant posters and
distribute their materials that contains such slogans
as "the Philippines belong to the Filipinos." they also
used newspapers, movies, and others to publicize
the same idea. Promoting Japanese propaganda
was one of the main objectives of the KALIBAPI, but
still Japanese failed to gain the trust of the Filipinos.
 The KALIBAPI
• For the Japanese, KALIBAPI served as a labour
recruitment service in its initial stages before
taking on an expanded role in mid 1943. It was
left to KALIBAPI to write the new constitution
and establish the new National Assembly,
resulting in Aquino's appointment as Speaker
(as his replacement as Director-General by
Camilo Osías). All 54 members of the Assembly
were KALIBAPI members, although 33 of them
had held elected office before the invasion as
well.
 The KALIBAPI
• KALIBAPI soon claimed a membership that ran
into the hundreds of thousands. The islands
were declared officially independent as the
Second Philippine Republic on 14 October 1943
under the Presidency of José P. Laurel and his
KALIBAPI government. This had been
accomplished through the Preparatory
Committee for Philippine Independence, which
KALIBAPI had established in mid-1943 under
Japanese direction.
 The execution of Jose Abad Santos
• He was killed by the Japanese
because he stood his ground
for his country. He had full
authority over what's left of the
Philippines and on his capture,
it was like catching the
president himself. Abad Santos
choose honor and death over a
life of shame. He even saw
dying for the country as an
opportunity. Such was his
patriotism, such was his
heroism during those times of
war. Just like our national hero,
Jose Rizal, he was calm upon
receiving the news until the
end.
 “Do not cry, Pepito. Show
these people that you are
brave. It is a rare opportunity
for me to die for our country.
Not everybody is given that
chance.”

- Chief Justice Jose Abad

Santos
to his son, Pepito.
 Manila declared as open city
• MacArthur issued the following communiqué: “In order to
spare the Metropolitan area from ravages of attack, either by
air or ground, Manila is hereby declared an open city without
the characteristics of a military objective. In order that no
excuse may be given for possible mistake, the American high
commissioner, the Commonwealth government and all
combatant military installations will be withdrawn from its
environs as rapidly as possible. The Municipal government
will continue to function with its police powers, reinforced by
constabulary troops, so that the normal protection of life and
property may be preserved. Citizens are requested to
maintain obedience to constituted authorities and continue the
normal processes of business.”