KINETIC THEORY OF GASES

Basic assumption of
kinetic theory of gas (ideal)
• A given amount of gas is a mixture of very large number of identical
molecules of the order of Avogadro's number.
• The molecules are moving randomly in all directions.
• At ordinary temperature and pressure, the size of the molecules is
very small as compared to the distances between them.
• The interaction between them is negligible. Hence, they move
according to Newton's laws of motion.
• The molecules do not exert any force of attraction or repulsion on
each other, except during collisions.
• The collisions of molecules against each other or with the walls of
the container are perfectly elastic.
• Momentum and the kinetic energy of the molecules are conserved
during collisions, though their velocities change.
• There is no effect of gravity on molecular motion .
Ideal gas laws
 BOYLE”S LAW
• For a fixed mass of gas at constant temperature
 Charles' law
• For a fixed mass of gas at constant pressure
 Gay-Lussac's Law.
• For a fixed mass of gas at constant volume
 Avagadro's law
• According to it, at same temperature and
pressure, equal volumes of all the gases
contains equal number of molecules,
• if P, V and T are same.then N1 = N2,
 Dalton's law of partial pressure
• The pressure exerted by a gaseous mixture is
equal to the sum of partial pressure of each
gas present in the mixture.
• P = P1 + P2 + P3 + ......
 Graham's law of diffusion
• At constant pressure and temperature, the
rate of diffusion of a gas is inversely
proportional to the square root of its density
IDEAL GAS EQUATION
DIFFERENT SPEEDS OF GAS
MOLECULES
 Most probable speed
• speed possessed by maximum number of
molecules of the gas.

2P
vrms =

 Mean square speed
• Mean of square of speed of all particle
 Average speed
• Mean of speed of all particle

8P
vav =

 Average velocity
• For a sample of gas average velocity of gas
molecule is equal to zero .
 Root mean square speed
• Square root of
the average velocity-
squared of the
molecules in a gas. . 3P
vrms =
• R.M.S . speed is the 
effective speed of gas
molecule .
• For kinetic energy of
gas molecule we make
use of rms speed .
 MEAN FREE PATH
• The mean free path is the average distance
that a molecule travels between collisions.
 DEGREE OF FREEDOM
• A monoatomic molecule has 3 degrees of
freedom.
• There are 3 translational modes, 2 rotational .
 DEGREE OF FREEDOM
• A diatomic molecule has 5 degrees of
freedom. There are 3 translational modes, 2
rotational .
• At high temperature it has 7 degree of
freedom , which includes 3 translational , 2
rotational and 3 vibrational degree of freedom
.
 DEGREE OF FREEDOM
• A linear triatomic molecule has 5 degrees of
freedom. There are 3 translational and 2
rotational degree of freedom.
• A non linear triatomic molecule has 6 degrees
of freedom. There are 3 translational and 3
rotational degree of freedom.
 LAW OF EQUIPARTITION OF ENERGY

• The law of equi partition of energy sates that

for any molecule of gas the total energy is
equally divided among the degrees of
freedom.
• For each degree of freedom the energy of
molecule is equal to (1/2) KT.
 Kinetic Energy of gas
• The kinetic energy of gas molecule is also called internal
energy of gas , since an ideal gas has no potential energy
associated with it .
1
1 KE for = nfRT
KEeach = KT n 2
deg ree 2 mole
of
freedom
1
1 U for = nfRT
KEeach = fKT n 2
molecule 2 mole

1 1
KE per = fRT U for = nfRT
mole 2 n 2
mole
 PRESSURE EXERTED BY GAS
• A gas exert pressure due to collision of
molecules with walls of container .
• A gas exert same pressure in all direction .
MAXWELLS SPEED DISTRIBUTION LAW
• The Maxwell-Boltzmann law defines
the distribution of speeds for a gas at a certain
temperature.
• The y-axis of the Maxwell-Boltzmann graph can be thought
of as giving the number of molecules per unit speed.
• The total area under the entire curve is equal to the total
number of molecules in the gas.
APPLICATIONS BASED ON KINETIC
THEORY OF GASES
Different parameters for mixture of
two gases
Numerical bank
kinetic theory
(introduction)
kinetic theory
(introduction)

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kinetic theory
(introduction)

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kinetic theory
(introduction)

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kinetic theory
(introduction)

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Degree of freedom
Degree of freedom

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Degree of freedom

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Degree of freedom

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Degree of freedom

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Degree of freedom

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Degree of freedom

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Ideal gas laws
Ideal gas laws

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Ideal gas equation
Ideal gas equation

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Ideal gas equation

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Ideal gas equation

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Ideal gas equation

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Ideal gas equation

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Ideal gas equation

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Ideal gas equation

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Ideal gas equation
(leakage of gas)

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Different speeds of gas molecule
Different speeds of gas molecule

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Different speeds of gas molecule

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Different speeds of gas molecule

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Different speeds of gas molecule

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Different speeds of gas molecule

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Different speeds of gas molecule

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Different speeds of gas molecule

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Different speeds of gas molecule

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Different speeds of gas molecule

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Different speeds of gas molecule

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Different speeds of gas molecule

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Different speeds of gas molecule

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Different speeds of gas molecule

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Different speeds of gas molecule

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Different speeds of gas molecule

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Different speeds of gas molecule

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Different speeds of gas molecule

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Different speeds of gas molecule
(tricky)

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Different speeds of gas molecule
(tricky)

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Pressure exerted by gas
Pressure exerted by gas

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Pressure exerted by gas

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Pressure exerted by gas

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Pressure exerted by gas

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Pressure exerted by gas

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Pressure exerted by gas

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Pressure exerted by gas

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Pressure exerted by gas
(tricky)

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Pressure exerted by gas
(tricky)

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Degree of freedom
Molar specific heats of gases
Molar specific heats of gases

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Molar specific heats of gases

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Molar specific heats of gases

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Molar specific heats of gases

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Molar specific heats of gases

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Molar specific heats of gases

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Molar specific heats of gases

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Molar specific heats of gases

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Molar specific heats of gases

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Molar specific heats of gases

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Law of equi-partition of energy
Law of equi-partition of energy

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Law of equi-partition of energy

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Internal energy of gas
Internal energy of gas

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Internal energy of gas

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Internal energy of gas

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Internal energy of gas
(moving container)

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Internal energy of gas
(moving container)

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Internal energy of gas
(moving container)

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Internal energy of gas
(tricky)

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Internal energy of gas

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Internal energy of gas

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Mixture of gases
Mixture of gases

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Mixture of gases

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Mixture of gases

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Mixture of gases

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Mixture of gases

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Mixture of gases

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Mixture of gases

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Mixture of gases

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MAXWELLS SPEED DISTRIBUTION LAW
MAXWELLS SPEED DISTRIBUTION LAW

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MAXWELLS SPEED DISTRIBUTION LAW

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MAXWELLS SPEED DISTRIBUTION LAW

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MAXWELLS SPEED DISTRIBUTION LAW

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Mean free path
Mean free path

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Mean free path

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Mean free path

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Mean free path

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Mean free path

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Mean free path

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