Industry Overview

Public Administration : Public administration is "centrally concerned

with the organization of government policies and programs as
well as the behavior of officials (usually non-elected) formally
responsible for their conduct".
Many unelected public servants can be considered to be public
administrators, including heads of city, county, regional, state
and federal departments such as municipal budget directors,
human resources (H.R.) administrators, city
managers, census managers, state [mental health] directors,
and cabinet secretaries. Public administrators are public
servants working in public departments and agencies, at all levels
of government.

Public administration in India plays a very important role, not

only as an instrument of governance but a mechanism for social
change and progress in the country. Public administration today
should not only protect its citizens from internal and external
damages, but take an active role in the social, political, economic
and cultural development of the country.

Bureaucracy maintenance is in the hands of the public

administrators they are responsible for taking the most of the
important decisions of the government most of the decisions are
taken by the state officials rather than by the elected
representatives.

Public administration is a crucial sector for any country and

Government in India conducts Civil Services Examinations for
appointing candidates in Foreign service offices and
District administration. There are career opportunities in local
government bodies and large non-profit organizations at the
national level.
Careers in public administration require administrative skills, a
solid understanding of accounting and finance, knowledge of
government workings and organizational proficiency. Aspirants
can take the jobs of Administrative Officer and Customs Inspector
in the public sector. There are career opportunities in local
government bodies and large non-profit organizations at the
national level. Being employed as a budget analyst or an
association executive in the public sector is also a good way to
establish oneself in the industry.

Defence:

Defence is one of the major spending sectors in the Indian

economy. The geographical and topographical diversity,
especially the 15,000 km long border which India shares with
seven neighbouring countries poses unique challenges to the
Indian Defence Forces.

The Ministry of Defence (MoD) is charged with coordinating and

supervising all agencies and functions of the government relating
directly to national security and the Indian armed forces.
The President of India is the ceremonial commander-in-chief of
the armed forces of the country. The Ministry of Defence provides
policy framework and resources to the armed forces to discharge
their responsibility in the context of the defence of the country.
The Indian Armed Forces (including Indian Army, Indian Air
Force, Indian Navy) and Indian Coast Guard under the Ministry of
Defences are primarily responsible for ensuring the territorial
integrity of the nation.

The Ministry of Defence consists of five Departments; Department

of Defence (DoD), Department of Military Affairs (DMA),
Department of Defence Production (DDP), Department of Defence
Research and Development (DRDO), and Department of Ex-
Servicemen Welfare (DESW). The Defence Secretary functions as
head of the Department of Defence, and is additionally
responsible for coordinating the activities of the Departments in
the Ministry.
The principal functions of all the Departments are as follows:

 The Department of Defence, headed by the Defence

Secretary, the department deals with the defence of india
including defence policy, preparation for defence, acts
conducive to prosecution of war, the Reserves of the Army,
Navy and Air Force, Defence Accounts, the Coast Guard,
Border Roads Organization, capital acquisitions for defence and
various establishment matters. It is also responsible for the
Institute for Defence Studies and Analysis, National Defence
College and any other organisation within the Ministry of
Defence whose remit is broader than military matters. It is
also responsible for the Defence Budget, matters relating to
the Parliament, defence cooperation with foreign countries and
coordination of all activities.
 The Department of Military Affairs, is responsible for
managing the armed forces of India, namely, the Army,
the Navy and the Air Force. It is also responsible for
the Territorial Army. It is headed by the Chief of Defence
Staff as its secretary. It deals with procurement exclusive to
the Indian Armed Forces except capital acquisitions. It is
designed to promote jointness among the military services of
India. This department was approved on 24 December
2019. And the responsibilities were notified by Cabinet
Secretariat order on 30 December 2019 .
 The Department of Defence Production, headed by
the Defence Production Secretary, the department was set up
in November 1962 and is responsible for matters pertaining to
defence production, planning and control of departmental
production units of the Ordnance Factories Board,
indigenisation of imported stores equipment and spares, and
for defence public sector undertakings
(HAL, BEL, BEML, BDL, MDL, GSL, GRSE, Midhani).
 The Department of Defence Research and Development,
headed by the Defence Research and Development
Secretary and ex-officio chairperson of Defence Research and
Development Organisation, the department was formed in
1958, after the three-way merger of Technical Development
Establishment of the Indian Army and the Directorate of
Technical Development and Production and the Defence
Science Organisation. The department is responsible for the
Defence Research Development Organisation.

 The Department of Ex-servicemen Welfare (DESW), headed

by the Ex-Servicemen Welfare Secretary, the department was
set up in 2004 to look after veteran affairs. The Directorate
General of Resettlement, the Kendriya Sainik Welfare Board
and Ex-Servicemen Contributory Health Scheme come under
the purview of DESW.

Direct and Indirect Employment :