Palestine Polytechnic University

Civil and Architectural Engineering Department

Architectural Engineering

Applied Electricity Laboratory

Exp#7

Impedance Measurements

Student: Aseel Aburayyan

Supervised by: Eng. Shihda zahida

2019-2020‫م‬
  Objectives
A. To Learn how to measure the impedance in AC circuit.
B. Measuring the impedance for the three basic passive elements: Resistor,
Capacitor and Inductor.

 Materials:
1. Resistors
2. Wire.
3. Ground.
4. Capacitor.
5. Signal generator.
6. Oscilloscope.

 Procedures And Results:

A. Impedance Measurements for a Resistor
 Procedures
1. I Connect the circuit as shown in figure 1.
2. I Set the signal generator frequency to 100Hz, and the amplitude to 5VP for
a sinusoidal signal.
3. I Measured the voltage drop across the Resistor (R2) and record the results
in table 1 by moving the caser to have a max value for the wave .
4. Measure the time difference between the two signals (VR1 & VR2) by t2-t1.
Then Record the results in table 1.
5. Vary the input frequency and repeat the measurements according to the
table.
6. Calculate the Resistor Impedance according to Ohm’s law.

φ = ƭ ∗ ƒ ∗ 360 ᵒ…….1

ZR =VR/IR…….2
 t: Time difference between voltage signals of R1 & R2.
f: Frequency of the source signal.
VR: Resistor voltage.
IR: Resistor current.
ZR: Resistor impedance.
7. Draw the relationship between the Resistor Impedance and the frequency.

B.
Impedance Measurements for a Capacitor
1. I replace the resistor R2 to C1 as shown in figure 2
2. Repeat all the steps mentioned above and record your results in table 2.
3. Draw the relationship between the capacitor reactance (XC) and the
frequency.
C. Phase Shift in Inductive Circuits
1. I replace the C1 to L1 as shown in figure 3.
2. Repeat all the steps mentioned above and record your results in table 3.
3. Draw the relationship between the inductor reactance and the frequency.
 Solution:
A. Impedance Measurements for a Resistor
Table 1:
Resistor Time IR2 =VR2/R2 Phase Shift ZR =VR2/IR2∠φ (Ω)
Voltage “R2” Difference (A) (φᵒ)
(V) (t)sec.
100 2.493 0 0.025 0 100∠ 0ᵒ
200 2.490 0 0.025 0 100∠ 0ᵒ
400 2.490 0 0.025 0 100∠ 0ᵒ
600 2.490 0 0.025 0 100∠ 0ᵒ
800 2.453 0 0.024 0 100∠ 0ᵒ
1000 2.453 0 0.024 0 100∠ 0ᵒ
2000 2.453 0 0.024 0 100∠ 0ᵒ
4000 2.453 0 0.024 0 100∠ 0ᵒ
6000 2.490 0 0.025 0 100∠ 0ᵒ
10000 2.453 0 0.024 0 100∠ 0ᵒ
20000 2.453 0 0.024 0 100∠ 0ᵒ
30000 2.490 0 0.025 0 100∠ 0ᵒ
50000 2.453 0 0.024 0 100∠ 0ᵒ

 f=100:
VR2=2.493v

IR2 =VR2/R2

=2.493/100
=0.025A
φ = ƭ ∗ ƒ ∗ 360
= 0*100*360
=0
ZR =VR2/IR2∠φ
=100∠0
 Impedance For Resistor
120
ZR =VR2/IR2∠φ (Ω)

100
80
60
40
20
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

frequancy Hz

B. Impedance Measurements for a Capacitor

Table 2:
Operating Resistor Capacitor Time IR4 =VR4/R4 Phase Xc=Vc/Ic Zc =Xc ∠-φ (Ω)
Frequency Voltage (V) Voltage Difference Shift (φᵒ)
(Hz) (V) (t)msec.
100 313.223mV 4.974 2.5 0.003 90 1658 1658∠-90ᵒ
200 624.325mV 4.949 3.75 0.006 270 824.8 824.8∠-270ᵒ
400 1.217 4.833 1.875 0.012 126 402.7 402.7∠-126ᵒ
600 1.760 4.668 0.833 0.017 180 274.5 274.5∠-180ᵒ
800 2.245 4.482 0.315 0.022 90.7 203.7 203.7∠-90.7ᵒ
1000 2.655 4.298 0.254 0.026 91.4 165.3 165.3∠-91.4ᵒ
2000 3.887 3.442 0.125 0.039 90 88.2 88.2∠-90ᵒ
4000 4.543 2.422 0.074 0.045 106.5 53.8 53.8∠-106.5ᵒ
6000 4.66 1.859 0.052 0.046 112.3 40.4 40.4 ∠-112.3ᵒ
10000 4.688 1.267 0.034 0.047 122.4 26.9 26.9∠-122.4ᵒ
20000 4.752 0.703 0.018 0.047 129.6 14.9 14.9∠-129.6ᵒ
30000 4.765 0.484 0.0083 0.048 90 10 10∠-90ᵒ
50000 4.869 0.302 0.005 0.048 90 6.2 6.2 ∠-90ᵒ
 F=100Hz:
VR=.313v

Vc=4.974v

T=2ms

Ic=VR4/R4
0.313/100
=.003A
φ = ƭ ∗ ƒ ∗ 360
= 2.5*100*360
=90ᵒ
Xc=Vc/Ic
=4.974/.003
=1658
Zc =Xc ∠-φ
=1658∠-90ᵒ

Impediance For Capacitor

1800
1600
1400
capacitor reactnec

1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000
frequancy Hz
 C. Phase Shift in Inductive Circuits

Table 3:

Operating Resistor Inductor Time Il =Vr /R Phase Xl=Vl/Il Zl =Xl ∠φ (Ω)

Frequency Voltage Voltage Differenc Shift (φᵒ)
(Hz) (V) (V) e
(t)msec.
100 4.995 0.031 7.50 0.05 270 0.62 0.62∠270ᵒ

200 4.998 0.063 3.752 0.05 270.1 1.2 1.2 ∠270.1ᵒ

400 4.986 0.125 1.868 0.05 269 2.5 2.5∠269ᵒ

600 4.989 0.188 1.256 0.05 271.3 3.7 3.7∠271.3ᵒ

800 4.984 .251 0.934 0.05 269 5 5 ∠269ᵒ

1000 4.970 0.313 0.25 0.05 90 6.2 6.2∠90ᵒ

2000 4.946 0.623 0.125 0.05 90 12.4 12.4∠90ᵒ

4000 4.818 1.217 0.072 0.05 103.6 24.3 24.3∠103.6ᵒ

6000 4.666 1.759 0.041 0.046 88.5 38.2 38.2∠88.5ᵒ

10000 4.301 2.645 0.025 0.043 90 61.5 61.5∠90ᵒ

20000 3.452 3.906 0.013 0.034 93.6 114.8 114.8∠93.6ᵒ

30000 2.353 4.376 0.009 0.023 97.2 190 190∠97.2ᵒ

50000 1.52 4.741 0.006 0.015 108 316 316∠108ᵒ

 f=100Hz:
VR=4.995v

Vi=0.031v

t=7.50ms

Il =Vr /R

=4.995/100 =0.005A
φ = ƭ ∗ ƒ ∗ 360
=7.50ms *100*360 =270ᵒ
Xl=Vl/Il
=0.031/.005 =6.2

Impedance For Inductive

350
300
Inductive reactunce

250
200
150
100
50
0
0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000

frequancy

 Result:

Impedance For Resistor

120
ZR =VR2/IR2∠φ (Ω)

100
80
60
40
20
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

frequancy Hz
 Impediance For Capacitor
1800
1600
1400
capacitor reactnec

1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000
frequancy Hz

Impedance For Inductive

350
300
Inductive reactunce

250
200
150
100
50
0
0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000

frequancy