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Section-14 DURABILITY R1 PDF
Section-14 DURABILITY R1 PDF
CONTENT OF PRESENTATION
NEW UNIFIED CONCRETE CODE
Limit State Version (IRC:112-2011) 1. Historical Perspective, Definitions
SECTION 14 : DURABILITY PROVISIONS
2 Deterioration
2. D t i ti Mechanism
M h i
ALOK BHOWMICK
MANAGING DIRECTOR,
B & S ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS PVT. LTD.
315-316, VISHAL CHAMBERS, SECTOR 18, NOIDA U.P 3. Design for Durability
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2 Deterioration
2. D t i ti Mechanism
M h i • Durability became an issue only when
following problems were noted all over
3. Design for Durability the world :
4. Good Detailing practice from Durability 1. Very serious deterioration of bridge decks in
Considerations USA, UK and all other countries due to corrosion
of reinforcement, due to use of de-icing salt in
bridge decks in winter.
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WHAT IS DURABILITY ?
Durability of concrete is its ability to
resist weathering action, chemical
attack, abrasion or any process of
deterioration. The cause may reside
inside the concrete itself, or be
present in the service environment
to which the concrete structure is
exposed’.
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1. DEEMED TO SATISFY CLAUSE SUFFERS FROM • The LS code has given more importance to durability, in
FOLLOWING : line with the present international practices. The
structure has to be designed for durability. Durability is
• Fails to acknowledge that structures deteriorate covered exclusively in a separate chapter now (section
progressively.
p g y 14).
• Takes limited account of impact of conceptual & • Classification of Service Environment – Four classes
detailed design, construction quality and methods. defined now as against Two earlier.
• Has limited flexibility. • Design Service life has been accounted for in the
provisions of durability.
2. The new code has defined the end of service life,
which demands that structure must be designed for • Additional provisions for specific mechanism of
durability. deterioration added.
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• Detailing (Cover,
(Cover Shape & Size) 2 Deterioration
2. D t i ti Mechanism
M h i
• Construction Method (Workmanship) 3. Design for Durability
• Type & Quality of Materials used
4. Good Detailing practice from Durability
• Cement Content & W/C ratio Considerations
• Repair & Maintenance
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Concrete Deterioration
Most serious form of
degradation of Concrete
1. Since the maximum damage caused in
Mechanism
RCC structures worldwide is primarily
due to corrosion of reinforcement, the
Mechanical &
Physical
Chemical / Reinforcement / environmental classification in IRC code
Biological Prestressing Steel
Deterioration Deterioration Corrosion is based on specific mechanism of
duration (i,e. corrosion only).
Alkali - Aggregate
Frost
Abrasion Reaction Carbonation Chlorides
Attack
Erosion Impact
Acid Sulphate
2. However, relative importance of the
Plastic
Shrinkage
Thermal Attack Attack
Depassivation
various mechanism of deterioration will
Effects
Chloride CO2 vary from region to region.
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3. Most of the reactions in concrete, which The deterioration process can be divided
causes deterioration are expansion - into two phases :
producing and presence of water or
moisture is required
required. • During the initiation phase no weakening
of the concrete or of the function of the
4. For ensuring durability, It is therefore structure occurs.
important that ingress of moisture in
concrete is restricted to the extent • During the propagation phase active
possible. deteriorations proceeds rapidly and in
many cases with acceleration.
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Concrete Deterioration
Mechanism
Alkali - Aggregate
There is need to precisely define Frost
Abrasion Reaction Carbonation Chlorides
the condition which can be treated Attack
as “end of service life”. Erosion Impact
Acid Sulphate
Plastic Thermal Depassivation
This can be either in the form of % Shrinkage
Attack Attack
Effects
depassivation or surface cracking
Chloride CO2
or spalling of concrete cover.
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Concrete Deterioration
Effects of Chemical Deterioration :
Mechanism ALKALI AGGREGATE REACTION (AAR) :
Plastic
Acid Sulphate
Depassivation 2. ALKALI CARBONATE REACTION (ACR)
Thermal Attack Attack
Shrinkage Effects
Chloride CO2 3. DELAYED ENTRINGITE FORMATION (DEF)
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CONTROL OF ASR:
• USE OF LOW ALKALI PORTLAND CEMENT (LESS
THAN 0.6% EQUIVALENT Na2O) WHEN ALKALI SILICA
REACTIVE CONSTITUENTS ARE SUSPECTED TO BE
PRESENT IN THE AGGREGATE.
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• Utilization of silica
fume, fly ash, and blast
furnace slag as partial
replacement of cement
will reduce the
expansion.
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MAGNE-SIUM CARBONATE] HAVE SPECIFIC HYDROXYL IONS ASSOCIATED WITH THE ALKALIS,
COMPOSITION THAT IS NOT VERY COMMON. SODIUM AND POTASSIUM IN THE CEMENT AND
CERTAIN DOLOMITIC TEXTURES IN THE
AGGREGATE RESULTING IN EXPANSION AND
EVENTUALLY CRACKING OF THE HARDENED
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Effects of Chemical Deterioration : Sulphate Attack Effects of Chemical Deterioration : Sulphate Attack
• External Sulfate attack is possibly the most common • Sulfate attack occurs as a chemical reaction of
and widespread form of chemical attack on concrete. sulfate ions (aggressive substance) with the
In case soluble sulphates is >0.1% in soil, it will have
aluminate component of the hardened concrete
detrimental affect on concrete
concrete. More than 00.5%
5% is very
(reactive substance).
dangerous.
• Damage caused by sulfate attack normally occurs as • Sulfate attack may also occur as a physical
cracking, crumbling and scaling of the concrete. In attack on concrete due to the crystallization of
addition to physical deterioration, sulfate attack may sulfate salts within the cement matrix. Regions
also destroy the binding capability of the cement, of concrete structures experiencing sulfate
thus affecting the mechanical properties of the attack normally display a characteristic whitish
concrete (strength, elastic modulus). appearance.
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DETERIORATION MECHANISM
1. Passivity can be destroyed by chlorides and Chlorine ions penetrate to the surface of reinforcing bars
carbonation. from the protective layer,destroy passive film, and change
bars from passive state into active state.
2. Once the passivity of steel has been eroded, corrosion
yg
will continue if there is sufficient moisture and oxygen
present at the reinforcement.
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Carbonation :
1. Atmospheric CO2 is converted to carbonic acid (H2CO3) in
the presence of moisture, which attacks hydrated cement
paste;
t this
thi is
i called
ll d carbonation.
b ti
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Prevent entry at
concrete surface.
If penetrates
concrete surface,
prevent reaching
the reinforcement
If reaches reinft.,
Graph showing variation control corrosion
of Carbonation Depth Best is to avoid
reactive substance
with Time itself !
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DESIGN FOR DURABILITY
CONTENT OF PRESENTATION 1. The first step is to establish the
aggressiveness of the service environment
1. Historical Perspective, Definitions (exposure conditions).
2 D
2. Deterioration
t i ti Mechanism
M h i and
d Factors
F t
In deciding the appropriate class of service
influencing Durability
environment, the following factors are to be
3. Design for Durability taken into account (fib, 2009):
4. Good Detailing practice from Durability a. The general environmental conditions of the
Considerations area in which the structure is situated,
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b. The specific location and orientation of the 2. To select the type of structure suitable for the
concrete surface being considered and its chosen service environment.
exposure to prevailing winds, rainfall etc.,
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4. In spite of presence of significant amount of 2. Such exposure conditions are termed ‘very severe’.
Saturated concrete subjected to cyclic freezing and
chloride ions in sea water, risk of corrosion in
thawing is prone to effects of expansion due to
concrete completely submerged in sea water formation of ice, leading to spalling. Such conditions
below mid-tide level is comparatively less are anticipated in few areas in the colder regions of the
because of paucity of oxygen. country.
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Example of
a structure
in
“Extreme”
climatic
condition
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DESIGN FOR DURABILITY BSEC PART 4 : DURABILITY PROVISIONS BSEC
CONTENT OF PRESENTATION
2 D
2. Deterioration
t i ti Mechanism
M h i and
d Factors
F t
influencing Durability
Geometry, Size & Shape effects Durability : Drainage : Most Important for Durability
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UNIFIED CONCRETE CODE UNIFIED CONCRETE CODE
PART 4 : DURABILITY PROVISIONS PART 4 : DURABILITY PROVISIONS
GOOD DETAILING PRACTICE BSEC GOOD DETAILING PRACTICE BSEC
Drainage :
Avoid Horizontal Surface in Substructure Detail to
promote quick run-off
(e,g top of pier cap to be sloped outside)
Poor Drainage :
Severe distress due to
corrosion induced by defective
expansion joint detail
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UNIFIED CONCRETE CODE UNIFIED CONCRETE CODE
PART 4 : DURABILITY PROVISIONS PART 4 : DURABILITY PROVISIONS
GOOD DETAILING PRACTICE BSEC GOOD DETAILING PRACTICE BSEC
1. Coatings are sometimes given : 2. With the advancement in the polymer technology,
materials are available which can be used as protective
• To protect it from chemical and physical attack. coatings in concrete.
• To protect products stored or processed indirect 3. Some of the polymers available are Epoxy resin,
contact with the concrete from contamination caused Polyurethane resin, Acrylic resin, Polyester resin,
by dust from the substrate. silicone resin, silane / siloxane acrylic blend primer with
a pigmented acrylic top coat..
• To improve its appearance, case of maintenance.
4. Suitability of the coating system and cost are important
factors in deciding about coatings.
Source:
fib bulletin 33
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UNIFIED CONCRETE CODE UNIFIED CONCRETE CODE
PART 4 : DURABILITY PROVISIONS PART 4 : DURABILITY PROVISIONS
GOOD DETAILING PRACTICE BSEC GOOD DETAILING PRACTICE BSEC
BSEC
THANK
YOU
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