1) Calculating mean pre-test and post-test scores by using formula:

∑𝑋
𝑋̅ = 𝑁

Mea is Total score of pretest Divided by Number of sample

n

∑𝑌
𝑋̅ = 𝑁

Mea is Total score of posttest Divided by Number of sample

n

2) Calculating the standard deviation by using formula:

1 2
𝑆𝐷 = 𝑁 √𝑁 ∑ 𝑋 − (∑ 𝑋)2

Standard Is Divided Square root of Number of sample minus Total score

deviation by number times total score of of pretest
pretest which is
of sample that will be
squared
squared

3) Calculating the Validity of the tests by using formula:

∑ 𝑋 2 +∑ 𝑌2 −∑ 𝑑 2
𝑟𝑥𝑦 =
2 2
2 √(∑ 𝑋 ) (∑ 𝑌 )

Correlation pre-test and Total score of pretest Total score of posttest minus Total score of different
post-test scores is which is squared which is squared pretest and posttest
PLUS

Divided Constanta value of Square Total score of pretest times Total score of posttest
by two times root of which is squared which is squared
 4) Calculating the Reliability of the tests by using formula:
2𝑥 𝑟1/21/2
𝑟11 : (1+𝑟
1/21/2 )

Reliability of the instrument is constanta value of two The coefficient of reliability Divided by

constanta value of one plus The coefficient of reliability

5) Finding Variance by using formula:

(∑ 𝑑)2
∑ 𝑑2 −
𝑁
𝑉𝑑 : 𝑁

Variance Sum difference mean squared minus Different gain score that will be Divided Number of sample
is of pretest and posttest squared divided by number of sample by

6) Calculating mean difference by using formula:

∑𝐷
𝑀𝐷 = 𝑁

Mean Total score of Divided Number of sample

difference Is different by

7) Calculating the standard deviation difference deviation by using formula:

∑ 𝐷 2 −(1÷𝑛)(∑ 𝐷)2
𝑆𝐷 : √ 𝑛−1

is Square Different gain of pretest minus Constanta value one times Different gain score
root of and posttest per number of sample that will be squared

Divided Number of sample minus one

by
8) Finding standard error difference by using formula:
𝑆𝐷
𝑆𝐷̅ :
√𝑁

is Standard Divided by Square root of number of sample

different score

9) Testing Hypothesis by using formula:

𝑀𝑑
𝑡=
2
√ ∑𝑋 𝑑
𝑁(𝑁−1)

is Mean Divided by Squared Mean different Divided by Number of sample times

different root of deviation number of sample minus one